JPH07211342A - Retainer type sealed lead acid battery - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To provide a retainer type sealed lead acid battery having excellent trickle life characteristics and cycle life characteristics. [Structure] The internal space of the storage battery is configured to be lower than the powder injection port provided in the lid, and the space containing the electrode plate group is a powder layer having an average pore diameter larger than the average pore diameter of the separator. Fulfill. As the trickle life test progresses,
The electrolyte solution inside the battery decreases due to water vapor permeation, but if the average pore size of the powder layer is larger than the average pore size of the separator, the electrolyte solution decreases from the powder layer and
R loss does not occur. Also, because the powder layer does not move freely,
Expansion due to corrosion of the positive electrode plate is suppressed and the degree of compression of the electrode plate group is increased, so that the life performance is improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of a retainer type sealed lead acid battery.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are two types of retainer type and gel type sealed lead-acid batteries that use a so-called oxygen cycle, in which a negative electrode plate absorbs oxygen gas generated during charging of the battery.
Currently, the retainer type is mainly used.

The retainer type is a system in which a matte separator made of fine glass fibers inserted between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate is used to hold a sulfuric acid electrolytic solution necessary for charging and discharging and to separate the two electrodes. is there. The retainer type has come to be used for large-scale stationary and automobile engine starting including portable equipment, cordless equipment, computer backup power supply, taking advantage of features such as no maintenance, no leakage, and position free. .

[0004]

However, in the sealed lead-acid battery, when the overcharge or the use atmosphere is 40 ° C. or higher, the water content of the electrolytic solution permeates as water vapor, so that the electrolytic solution is gradually removed. Decrease to. For this reason, there is a problem that the electrolytic solution in the separator decreases and the IR loss increases.
Therefore, especially at the time of high-rate discharge such as UPS application, the performance may be significantly reduced.

In order to prevent this problem, it is sufficient to make the electrolyte excessively exist from the beginning, but this will destroy the position-free characteristic of the retainer type sealed lead acid battery, and is not a sufficient solution. I'm sorry.

As another method, it is possible to fill the inside of the storage battery with a powder layer having an average pore size larger than the average pore size of the separator, but it is extremely difficult to fill the inside of the storage battery with the powder because of the structure of the storage battery. Difficult to do.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to:
A retainer-type sealed lead-acid battery that can prevent the occurrence of a large IR loss due to an increase in electrical resistance at the separator due to a decrease in water content during overcharge or high temperature use, as well as excellent cycle life characteristics and overcharge characteristics. Is to provide.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, the effective space in the storage battery is configured to be lower than the powder injection port provided in the lid, and the space containing the electrode plate group is defined as the average pore diameter of the separator. The above problem is solved by employing a retainer-type sealed lead acid battery characterized by being filled with a powder layer having a larger average pore diameter.

[0009]

[Function] As the trickle life test progresses, the electrolyte solution inside the battery decreases due to water vapor permeation. However, if the average pore size of the powder layer is larger than that of the separator, the electrolyte solution will decrease from the powder layer. , IR loss does not occur in the separator. In addition, since the internal space of the storage battery is configured to be below the powder injection port provided in the lid, the powder can be filled in the internal space so that the powder layer is free and the positive electrode plate Expansion due to corrosion of the electrode plate is suppressed and the degree of compression of the electrode plate group is increased, so that the life performance is improved.

[0010]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. The separator has a glass fiber average diameter of about 1 μm,
Using a commonly used one with porosity of about 94%, 20
A retainer type with a 2V rated capacity of 8Ah (20hR) is used, which has a thickness of 1.5mm under a load of kg / dm ² and is combined with a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate (1.5mm between electrode plates). A sealed lead-acid battery was manufactured. Then, the granular material was filled from the liquid injection opening of the storage battery lid to form a powder layer. Since the liquid injection opening is generally recessed in the battery lid,
Although there is a so-called storage battery cover back space above the lower end of the liquid injection opening, in this embodiment, a blind member is provided before the storage battery cover is mounted, and the effective space inside the storage battery is powdered. It is located below the body inlet. As the powder, glass beads made of soda-lime glass, which is close to a true sphere and has almost no holes, were used. The average pore diameter of the powder layer is 1, 20, 50, 10 using powders having various diameters.
It was set to 0 μm. The average pore size of a normal separator is about 10μ
m.

A schematic sectional view of such a storage battery is shown in FIG.
In the figure, 1 is a battery case, 2 is an electrode plate group, 3 is a powder layer, 4
Is a powder, 5 is a funnel for filling the powder, and 8 is a powder injection port, which also serves as a liquid injection port in this embodiment.
Reference numeral 6 is a beam member for keeping the internal space of the storage battery below the lower end of the powder injection port. This is the storage battery N
o. Set to 3. For comparison, a conventional storage battery (storage battery No. 1) that is not filled with powder and a conventional storage battery that is provided with a powder without a blind are provided with an upper portion of the powder layer and a back of the storage battery lid. A storage battery (storage battery No.
2, see FIG. 4).

Specific gravity of these storage batteries is 1.32 (20 ° C.)
After diluting the diluted sulfuric acid of No. 1, it was subjected to the test. As the first test, the battery was placed in a thermostatic chamber (gas phase) kept at a temperature of 40 ° C with a trickle voltage of 2.3 V / cell, and a final voltage of 1.65 V / cell was obtained by constant power discharge of 50 W every 3 months. Discharge was performed and the discharge duration was measured.

The results when the average pore diameter of the powder layer is 100 μm are shown in FIG. Retainer-type sealed lead-acid battery No. 1 in which a granular layer was arranged around the electrode plate group. Nos. 2 and 3 are conventional product numbers. 1
It was superior in trickle life performance to. This tendency was the same for those having an average pore diameter of 20 and 50 μm, but no difference was observed for the one having an average pore diameter of 1 μm from the conventional product.

The following can be considered as the reason for this.
That is, as the trickle life test progresses, the liquid permeates the battery cell wall due to water vapor permeation and goes out, so the amount of electrolytic solution inside the battery decreases, but the powder layer arranged around the electrode plate group Since the electrolyte is impregnated and the average pore diameter of the powder layer is larger than the average pore diameter of the separator, the electrolyte solution decreases from the powder layer, IR loss does not occur in the separator, and the trickle life performance is excellent. It seems that

Next, the storage battery having the above structure was subjected to a cycle life test. The cycle life test conditions were as follows: the battery was discharged at 0.25 CA to 1.7 V / cell and 2.45
V / cell, 8 at constant current and constant voltage with maximum current 0.25 CA
The time charging and the temperature atmosphere of 25 ° C. were repeated. The result when the average pore diameter of the powder layer is 100 μm is shown in FIG.
Battery No. not filled with powder Battery No. 1 in which the electrode plate group was simply buried with 1 or particles. In No. 2, the battery life reached about 300 cycles, but the storage battery No. 3 had a life of about 600 cycles. This tendency was the same regardless of the average pore size of the powder layer.

The following can be considered as the reason for this.
That is, as the cycle life test progresses, expansion due to corrosion of the positive electrode plate and decrease in binding force of the active material occur, and battery No. Battery No. 1 and 2 reached the end of their service life early, but battery No. Three
Since the powder is filled in the entire space inside the battery, it is considered that the expansion due to the corrosion of the positive electrode plate was suppressed and the life was extended. The reason why the latter capacity transition was good is considered that the elongation of the lattice was limited by the surrounding glass beads, the stress was applied to the electrode plate, and the degree of compression of the electrode plate group increased. Conventionally, it is said that the life performance is improved by assembling the battery by increasing the degree of compression of the electrode plate group. However, in reality, it is difficult to assemble, so the degree of pressure cannot be increased. However, it is considered that the capacity transition was good because the present invention resulted in pressing on the electrode plate group as a result. Further, even if the lattice extends, the force is dispersed and stress is applied to the entire wall of the battery case, so it is considered that the battery breakage is less likely to occur.

From the above test results, in order to obtain a retainer-type sealed lead-acid battery excellent in trickle life performance and cycle life performance, the effective space inside the storage battery is below the powder injection port provided in the lid. It is preferable to adopt a retainer type sealed lead-acid battery characterized in that the space portion in which the electrode plate group is housed is filled with a powder layer having an average pore diameter larger than the average pore diameter of the separator. I understand.

[0018]

As described above in detail, in the retainer type sealed lead acid battery according to the present invention, the effective space in the battery is arranged below the powder injection port provided in the lid, and the electrode plate is provided. The space containing the group is filled with a powder layer having an average pore diameter larger than the average pore diameter of the separator. This makes it possible to provide a retainer-type sealed lead-acid battery having excellent trickle life characteristics and cycle life characteristics.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of a sealed lead-acid battery according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing 40 ° C. trickle life performance.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing 25 ° C. cycle life performance.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of a conventional storage battery in which powder has been filled up to the lower part of the powder injection port.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Battery case 2 Electrode plate group 3 Powder layer 4 Granules 5 Jingo 6 Barrier member 7 Space between the upper part of the powder layer and the back of the storage battery lid 8 Powder injection port

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A powder having a storage battery internal space below a powder injection port provided in a lid, wherein the space containing the electrode plate group has an average pore diameter larger than that of a separator. Retainer-type sealed lead acid battery characterized by being filled with layers.