JPH07277865A - Compost and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] Compared to normal compost, organic phosphorus present in the compost and / or soil in an inactive state can be converted into active organophosphorus that can be used by crops, and compost can be used. (EN) A compost and a method for producing the same, which can prevent the loss of effective nitrogen in the field soil and can reduce the bad smell pollution by ammonia and eliminate the continuous crop failure of crops. [Composition] In the production of compost, after the temperature of the compost material has passed the maximum temperature of fermentation and has dropped below approximately 50 ° C,
Phytase, saponin, and chitosan are added to the compost material in a suitable manner.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to compost and a method for producing the same, and particularly to enriching organic matter such as sewage sludge, human waste sludge, municipal waste, organic drainage sludge and livestock dung, agricultural and livestock and forestry waste. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a high-value-added compost produced by using wastes contained in the above as a material and a method for producing the compost.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Compost made from organic waste such as household waste, agricultural and livestock waste, and forestry waste has been manufactured for a long time, but its manufacturing method is simple. Over a period of several months, piled up in a pile on a building with a shed and waiting for the growth of spontaneous thermophilic aerobic microorganisms while artificially and / or mechanically plowing back the deposit High-temperature fermentation heat (normally 50 ~
(About 65 ° C.), a manufacturing method is adopted to make the compost product hygienic and safe.

The thus-produced compost has the effect of activating degraded agricultural land and soil regardless of the raw material and production method, and enhancing soil productivity, that is, soil fertility. . For this reason, farmers are considerably consumed in the compost production areas, the periphery of the production factories, for example, the livestock prefectures and the periphery where livestock companies exist. However,
At present, the supply of compost is excessive with respect to the demand, and the excess is not only a waste but a burden on the environment, but the economic burden for treatment and disposal cannot be ignored.

[0004] As described above, the reason why compost is not fully utilized is that the compost currently used for agricultural purposes has the functions and effects of strengthening and recovering the soil fertility of the field soil, as well as structuring aggregates. Other than that, it does not have a function or an action effect that significantly contributes to the growth of plants, especially crops, and improvement of harvest. Therefore, the utilization rate of compost is extremely low, and
Unused excess compost is left as it is because it is only used locally.

[0005]

In order to essentially solve this problem, it is necessary to establish a technique for producing so-called high value-added compost by imparting a plurality of effective functions to the currently produced compost. Is required. As a result, not only can compost consumption areas be expanded nationwide, but it is also possible to export high-value-added compost to regions around the world where soil soil fertility has declined and crop production has declined. Let's do it.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a high-value-added compost and a method for producing the same, using organic waste as a raw material, and further, by using the organic waste, at a national and global scale. The purpose is to reduce the environmental load by consuming it and allowing the organic waste to be completely recycled in the ecosystem.

Specifically, the present invention relates to (1) in soil and / or
Or the function of activating the inactive organophosphorus present in the compost, (2) the function of improving the utilization rate of nitrogen compounds in the compost, and (3) the growth of the pathogenic filamentous fungus that is the causative fungus of the continuous crop failure. An object of the present invention is to provide a compost having a suppressing function and a method for producing the same.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention relates to compost as described above in (1).
, (2) and (3) to provide a compost with a phytase source, a saponin source and / or a chitosan source. Furthermore, it relates to a method for producing such compost.

The present invention imparts the three new functions listed above to a compost produced mainly from various kinds of organic sludge, human waste, livestock excrement, municipal solid waste, etc., so that all domestic farmlands and forests can be preserved. A high-value-added compost that can be used uniformly over a wide area including it, and a method for producing the same. Below 3
Two new features and how to add such features to compost are specifically described.

(1) Activation of Inactive Organophosphorus Present in Soil In the present invention, a phytase source is added to compost to remove inactive organophosphorus in compost and / or field soil to which the compost is applied. It is converted into usable phosphorus by plants (crops) and is effectively absorbed and utilized by plants.

A large amount of inactive phosphorus is usually present in compost and / or soil, of which the ratio of inorganic phosphorus to organic phosphorus is about 60:40, which means that organisms (microorganisms, plants, It contains a large amount of organophosphorus that cannot be used as crops.

Although a method for making inorganic inert phosphorus available by the action of microorganisms has been established, it is usually economical to use an expensive organic acid such as citric acid at the same time. For practical reasons, it has not been put to practical use.

On the other hand, so-called organic inactive phosphorus, which is mainly present as a calcium salt or a magnesium salt of phytic acid (inositol-6-phosphate), is usually very difficult to decompose microbiologically. However, the inventor
Paying attention to the fact that microorganisms that assimilate phytate inhabit the natural world, if the phytate-degrading enzyme phytase (phytate-6-phosphatase) produced by this type of microorganism is used, It was thought that it would be hydrolyzed into inorganic phosphorus (phosphoric acid) in a form that could be effectively used in crops. Organophosphorus bound to phytate is sequentially released by hydrolysis to phosphoric acid, and finally the phytate itself collapses.

[0014]

[Chemical 1] When the phytase source is referred to in the present specification, not only pure phytase but also a substance containing phytase (organism,
(Including bacterial cells) and microorganisms that produce phytase in compost and soil. One of the preferred sources of phytase is microorganisms. Ordinary bacteria are known as microorganisms that produce phytase, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi are known, but usually, phytase produced by filamentous fungi is the most powerful, among them Aspergillus (Aspergillus) and Mucor (Mucor). The phytase produced by is highly decomposable.

On the other hand, in addition to phytase produced by microorganisms, plants also produce phytase, and it is generally known that wheat and especially wheat produce large amounts of plant phytase. In particular, the bran discharged as an unnecessary residue from the step of purifying wheat usually contains a large amount of plant phytase, and this plant phytase promotes the phytic acid decomposing power by coexisting with the microbial phytase. In addition, the organic matter contained in the bran has the effect of significantly promoting the growth of phytase-producing bacteria. At present, about 1 million tons of wheat bran is discharged annually, and a small part of it is effectively used as food and feed for livestock, but most of it is discarded as worthless.

Therefore, as one of the new functions of the high-value-added compost of the present invention, the phytase produced by the microorganism and / or the phytase-producing bacterium itself is added or inoculated in the process of producing the compost, and optionally bran and By adding a vegetable phytase and / or producing compost, a new function of reliably activating inactive organic phosphorus can be added.

Microorganisms as a source of phytase, for example Aspergillus or Muco
When adding the cells of r), the addition amount is 20 to 100 ml.
Culture / 100kg compost (wet), plant phytase,
For example, when wheat bran is added, the addition amount is 0.2 to 1
kg / 100 kg compost (wet), and when both are mixed and added, the total amount of each is.

The method for producing compost according to the present invention can not only significantly contribute to global environmental protection from the viewpoint of recycling and recycling of plant residue called bran, organic waste, but also expand the compost market nationwide. This makes it possible to avoid the situation where the load on the environment is sparsely dispersed nationwide and local environmental pollution is induced.

(2) Improvement of utilization rate of nitrogen compounds (plant
Addition of Lloyd) Further, in the present invention, assisted by the addition of saponin source in the manufacturing process of the compost, the material to become organic waste to decompose various useful wild strains, the spontaneous growth , These bacteria promote the action of decomposing organic matter to form stable organic matter effective as compost.

Most of the organic matter in the material of compost consists of so-called carbohydrates and lipids composed of three elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but it also contains organic nitrogen, which is essential for the survival and growth of microorganisms. In order to produce fully ripe compost,
Exquisite synergism between carbohydrate-utilizing microorganisms and nitrogen compound-utilizing microorganisms is required. However, the living energy of microorganisms, organic nitrogen compounds that are the source of growth energy, specifically proteins, amino acids, etc., are microorganisms that grow wild in the middle of the process of compost production (cases of Enterobacter In many cases, urease produced by (often) decomposes into ammonia and dissipates and loses it in the atmosphere, and this ammonia becomes a source of a bad odor, leading to pollution problems.

The present inventor has found that the addition of a saponin supply source is effective in simultaneously solving the problem of loss of organic nitrogen due to the growth of this microorganism and the problem of malodor resulting from this. In the present specification, the saponin source includes not only pure saponin but also saponin-containing substances. As a preferred specific example, a saponin-containing plant, for example, beet, wormwood, a yucca plant that grows naturally in the semi-desert region from the southern United States to Central America, is added as a saponin source after the intermediate process of compost production, or these saponins are added. Extracts can be added. Saponins are chemically glycosides composed of sugar and steroids or triterpenoids, and widely exist as body components of many plants in the natural world other than the above plants.

The extract extracted from the Yucca shidigera is preferably 0.5 to 3.0 for compost.
Addition of g / kg, more preferably about 1 g / kg, has the effect of suppressing urease production of bacteria and weakening the activity of urease enzyme, and the rate of loss of organic nitrogen as ammonia is reduced, and at the same time It is possible to suppress the generation of offensive odor. If the yucca plant is not an extract but is added as it is, the amount is 5 to 30.
It is about g / kg.

By the way, the extract of the plant of yucca is now practically used as a feed additive for livestock in livestock companies in the United States, Central America and EC countries, and particularly about 60 to 120 ppm is added as a feed additive for pigs. By doing so, the use efficiency of livestock feed, that is, the use efficiency of proteins and amino acids contained in the feed is improved to blood meat, so that the pig production amount increases by about 20%, and as a result, its treatment / disposal It has been reported that the amount of nitrogen excreted in the excrement of livestock which is burned to the ground is reduced by about 50%, and further the environmental load is significantly reduced because the concentration of ammonia is extremely reduced.

Focusing on this fact, the present invention uses a plant body containing saponin as a body component as a material for compost or adds a saponin extract, so that it is contained in the compost manufacturing process or in the compost. Microorganisms with organic nitrogen
Alternatively, it can be effectively used in crops, and at the same time, the problem of odor caused by ammonia can be eliminated.

(3) Suppression of Growth of Pathogenic Filamentous Fungus that is the Causative Bacterium of Continuous Cropping Disorder In the present invention, the addition of a chitosan source to the compost further imparts a function of suppressing the growth of the causative strain of continuous cropping disorder. To do.

The biggest and oldest problem in crop cultivation in the agricultural field is that when a specific crop is continuously grown in the same field every year, pathogenic microorganisms unique to the crop propagate as rhizosphere microorganisms. This is a so-called continuous cropping failure that makes continuous cultivation impossible.

It is said that the continuous cropping disorder is not a harmful effect of one kind of pathogenic microorganism but a synergistic effect of several kinds of microorganisms, but it is a kind of pathogenic filamentous fungus that plays the leading role. It is said to be Fusarium.

Therefore, methods for killing this pathogenic filamentous fungus have been studied, but recently, shrimp,
Chitosan produced by chemical means from chitin, which is the main component of crustacean shells such as crab, or microbe produced by the action of the enzyme chitin-deacetylase produced by Enterobacter G-1 strain etc. It was confirmed that chitosan has a strong bactericidal action against Fusarium. Its mechanism of action has also been studied, and it is presumed that it may be due to the synergistic effect of the following three actions.

A) An amino group, which is an element of the chemical structure of chitosan, has a bactericidal function against Fusarium.

B) An ionic aggregation reaction occurs between the acidic group on the cell wall of Fusarium and the amino group of the chitosan chain,
Fusarium disrupts cell wall building.

(C) Chitosan is assimilated as a carbon source for actinomycetes inhabiting wildly in the soil and remarkably accelerates the growth of actinomycetes. The proliferated actinomycetes not only lyse and kill the fusarium cell membrane and chitin, which is a constituent of the cell wall, but also secrete toxic substances to kill fusarium.

The term "chitosan source" as used herein includes not only pure chitosan but also substances containing chitosan (eg, shells of crustaceans such as shrimp and crab). The present invention pays attention to the above facts, and when fermenting temperature is decreasing in the process of manufacturing compost, as a chitosan supply source, for example, 100 to 300 g of crushed shrimp shells are used.
/ Kg compost (wet) is added to eliminate the continuous crop failure.

The annual emission of "shells" of crustaceans such as shrimp and crab, which are the raw materials for chitosan, has reached an enormous amount, and is the second largest unused resource on earth after biomass = cellulose. Conventionally, a small amount of it has been used for various purposes, but since it is not effectively reused as a resource and there is no appropriate treatment / disposal method, it becomes a pollution source at various places, I was having a hard time. The present invention has pioneered the use of chitosan and its derivatives as a raw material, which can be produced from this unused resource, and can achieve the disposal of waste at the same time as the production of high value-added compost.

In the present invention, the compost produced by adding phytase, saponin and chitosan or their sources may be any type of compost, for example, domestic waste, agricultural and livestock waste, forestry waste. It may be compost made from organic waste such as. Therefore, the compost is
It can be manufactured by applying any method such as a mechanical speed-up method using a dedicated tank or the like, a field loading method, or a manual plow-back method. In addition, the addition form and the order of addition of phytase, saponin and chitosan or their sources are not particularly limited as long as they can be uniformly mixed in the compost. Therefore, these additive components are added to the compost during or after production in any form such as a solution, suspension, and dried product, simultaneously or separately.
However, these three kinds of additive components (functional materials) must be added to the compost at a temperature not higher than the denaturation temperature of general enzyme proteins. The reason is that the functional material added in the present invention is mainly composed of an enzyme or is a living functional material called a microorganism, and the temperature of the sediment is 70 at the peak of composting fermentation. This is because if these are added at a temperature of not lower than 0 ° C, the protein, which is the main component of the active substance, may be heat-denatured or thermally decomposed, and the excellent action and effect may be lost. Therefore,
It is preferable to add it at a time when the fermentation temperature in the compost manufacturing process is gradually decreasing from the maximum value. Particularly preferably, the temperature of the compost is 60 ° C or lower, more preferably 50 ° C.
Add when reached below.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific embodiments.

Although various kinds of organic wastes are used as raw materials for the high-value-added compost of the present invention, in view of the most pressing situation in the livestock industry, the treatment of raw manure discharged from pig breeding is considered. An example of using raw pork as organic waste will be shown. The method of composting organic waste will be explained using the most classic open-air loading method that regularly plows back.
In order to avoid being directly affected by changes in natural conditions such as outside air temperature, pig pork dung is deposited in a conical shape in a simple building with a shed, four-sided fence, and concrete soil. The water content of raw dung is 8
Since it is close to 0%, there is a high possibility that the inside will be anaerobic in the initial stage of deposition, and therefore the entire deposit is returned to the ground about four times a day to promote the evaporation of water.

When the plow-back operation was continued for 3 to 4 days, the water content of the sediment decreased moderately, and the temperature of the sediment began to rise rapidly from the 5th day and accumulated in the sediment around 8 to 12 days. The fermentation heat reaches a maximum of about 73 ° C. This is because organic substances are mainly decomposed in sediments by the action of heat-resistant and / or thermophilic fibrinolytic bacteria (actinomycetes, bacteria or filamentous fungi) that naturally occur in live manure. At that time, heat of decomposition (fermentation heat) is generated, and this heat is accumulated in the deposit. Since these organic matter-degrading bacteria belong to the category of aerobic microorganisms, it is necessary to supply oxygen evenly to the inside of the sediment. For this purpose, the total plowback is 2 times a day after reaching the high temperature period. It is preferable to carry out about once.

The peak period of fermentation passes slightly before the middle of the composting period (about 25 days), and the calorific value of fermentation gradually decreases, so that the temperature of the sediment tends to decrease. Aiming at the time when the temperature drops to around 50 ° C,
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, first, a certain amount of a commercially available yucca extract is added, but here, instead of the yucca extract, a plant obtained by crushing a yucca plant may be added, or in the plant body. Containing saponin, for example, wormwood,
Extracts such as beets and / or milled products of such plants may be used for addition. The saponin contained in the yucca extract has an effect of suppressing the urease production of bacteria such as Enterobacter genus present in the deposited raw material and suppressing the enzymatic activity of urease itself. Therefore, the addition of the yucca extract to the deposited raw material not only has the effect of preventing effective nitrogen compounds, such as proteins and amino acids, that can be the growth energy of microorganisms from being decomposed into ammonia and being volatilized and lost in the atmosphere. However, as shown in the functional diagram of FIG. 1, it is possible to remarkably reduce the emission of a bad odor caused by ammonia into the environment in the process of manufacturing compost, which is extremely advantageous in terms of a bad odor pollution control.

In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the order of addition of the components which add the functions (1) to (3), but for example, in the next step, commercially available wheat bran is used as a composting raw material. Add appropriate amount to make it uniform. As described above, in wheat bran, a strong hydrolysis that hydrolyzes the inactive organic phosphorus bound to the calcium or magnesium salt of phytate to release phosphoric acid that can be used by microorganisms. It contains a large amount of the enzyme phytase. Therefore, by adding this, it is possible to solubilize a large amount of inactive organic phosphorus present in the composting raw material, and thereby increase the amount of phosphorus available to the microorganisms, which is involved in composting. It can significantly promote the growth and activity of microorganisms. As a plant phytase source, plants other than wheat bran also contain a large amount of phytase, even if there is some difference in the titer of the enzyme, but it is derived from another plant. The phytase source can be appropriately selected. In addition to phytase, plant-derived sources contain large amounts of active ingredients that can be converted into living energy and growth energy of microorganisms, and these ingredients synergistically affect the composting of swine manure and its maturation. Can be expected to work.

At the same time as the addition of wheat bran, a filamentous fungus of the genus Aspergillus and / or Mucor, which produces a large amount of a strong phytase, is subjected to concentrated culture in an appropriate culture solution, and the bacterial solution is added in an appropriate amount. Is more preferable. It has been confirmed in agricultural research that the coexistence of plant phytase and phytase produced by microorganisms doubles the hydrolysis of phytate, and the effect of converting phytase-active organophosphorus into active phosphorus that can be used by crops. Can be significantly increased.

In the present invention, an appropriate amount of chitosan source is also added to the composting raw material. A preferred source of chitosan is crustacean shells, suitably ground. As mentioned above, the bactericidal effect of chitosan on Fusarium is
inhibiting rium from building the cell wall, cell membrane,
Chitosan itself acts as a toxic substance, and Fu
This is because the three actions of significantly promoting the growth of specific actinomycetes attacking sarium work in a comprehensive and synergistic manner.
As a result, it is possible to suppress the reproduction of Fusarium bacterium related to the continuous cropping disorder and prevent the continuous cropping disorder extremely effectively.

The compost of the present invention is produced in a composting device (composter) which has a mechanical stirring device and adjusts water content and diffuses air, instead of the above-described method of producing compost by the field loading method. Is also possible. Even in that case,
As in the case of the field stacking method, the components that add the functions of (1) to (3) may be added appropriately based on the fermentation temperature.

One example of such a device is shown in FIG.
The fermentor shown in is known. In this fermentation tank, an auger that cuts the inside of the tank is attached to the lower part of the rotating bridge, and an air diffuser is installed in the lower part of the tank, so that an appropriate amount of air can be sent according to the fermentation speed. . The raw material is first dropped onto the outer wall of the tank by a conveyor that rotates with the bridge. The dropped raw materials are mixed with the components in the fermentation while being cut back by the auger. The auger works to lift the ingredients from bottom to top,
The rotation of the bridge makes it possible to circulate all over the tank and give a proper turning back action to the fermentation. The auger is inserted obliquely toward the center of the tank, and rotates to move the fermented material in the tank diagonally toward the center of the tank. By this action, the fermented product moves toward the outlet at the center of the tank. Therefore, since the fermented product is continuously processed and discharged, if the discharge rate, that is, the residence time of the compost raw material is appropriately adjusted, the discharged compost fermented product is always below the denaturation temperature of the enzyme protein (for example, below 50 ° C). Since it is discharged as a component, a component that adds the functions of (1) to (3) may be added thereto. The operation using this device can be carried out continuously or batchwise. The discharge rate is appropriately determined according to the properties of the organic waste that is the raw material for compost, and can be carried out as follows by adopting the processing flow as shown in FIG. 4, for example.

When municipal solid waste is used as a raw material, various miscellaneous substances are mixed, so that a compostable substance is first selected. Kitchen waste, leftovers and papers from the kitchen are the best for composting. In the primary fermentation process, during the fermentation period of about 1 week, easily decomposable substances are fermented by the action of microorganisms, and further purified by a vibrating screen, an elastic separator, and a wind separator to the secondary fermentation process. Allow to stay for ~ 4 weeks and slowly ferment. After that, the effluent from the fermentor is heated to a fermentation temperature of 50 ° C. or lower, and then the components that add the functions (1) to (3) are added, whereby high-quality compost is completed.

Since sewage sludge and human waste sludge are almost homogeneous materials, there is no need for a sorting and crushing step like municipal waste, but an adjusting step is provided in order to obtain a water content suitable for fermentation. That is, the optimum water content is about 55 to 65%, and the water content is reduced by returning compost, mechanical drying or adding chaff, sawdust, rice straw, etc. as a regulator. The fermentation period is usually 2 to 3 weeks in the case of fermentation with sludge alone, but in the fermentation with addition of sawdust, secondary fermentation is required, so that the fermentation is continued for about 4 weeks. The composting material is discharged from the fermentation tank in a state where the fermentation temperature is 50 ° C. or lower, and the components which add the functions (1) to (3) are added. In this mode, it is possible to produce a compost which has a particularly uniform particle size and is easy to handle.

Livestock excrement has been used as manure for a long time and is a very excellent raw material in terms of safety and fertility. When composting, the water content is high, like sludge, so first adjust the water content. In this method, rice husks, sawdust, rice straw, other agricultural wastes, or compost are mixed as a regulator so that water treatment is not required, and the water content is reduced. Therefore, the number of fermentation days tends to be slightly longer, but the additives may be added in the same manner as above.

[0047]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples below, but these examples are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1 In this example, raw pig manure discharged from a pig farm with multiple heads will be described as an example of organic waste as a composting raw material.

The manufacturing process of the compost of this embodiment is shown in FIG.
200k carried in from the pig excrement storage tank in the figure
2 g of pork raw dung is deposited in a substantially conical shape on the dirt floor 1 of the building with a shed and a square wall. Since the composting raw material is raw, it is too much water for composting, so for the first few days of the deposition, it is about 4 times a day to evaporate water and give excess oxygen to aerobic microorganisms. The whole deposit was cut back at the frequency of. By taking such a measure, the water content of the raw material is relatively fast and the water content suitable for composting is 60%.
%, And at the same time, heat-resistant or thermophilic, such as fibrin-degrading bacteria, actinomycetes, and filamentous fungi, which live wildly in the raw material, rapidly proliferate and decompose organic substances in the raw material. Therefore, a large amount of fermentation heat was generated, and the temperature of the composting raw material rapidly increased, reaching about 73 ° C at the peak of fermentation.

After that, when the organic matter is decomposed and the absolute amount of the organic matter is reduced, the amount of fermentation heat is also reduced, so that the temperature of the composting raw material is gradually decreased. The compost temperature is 5% earlier than the process.
It has fallen below 0 ° C. At this point, 10 g of commercially available Yucca extract 6 was added to the deposit so as to be uniform.
The purpose of addition is mainly microorganisms that live in swine manure, mainly
This is to prevent the effective nitrogen compounds contained in raw feces from being lost to the atmosphere as ammonia by urease produced by Enterobacter and becoming a source of odor generation as much as possible.

Next to this, a large amount of plant phytase was added to activate the phytate-bound organophosphorus which is present as inactive organic phosphorus in raw dung and field soil by hydrolysis. Including wheat bran 3 1k
g was added. To further double its effect, the filamentous fungus Asperugillus niger ATCC914 that produces the enzyme phytase
2 strain 5 was subjected to increasing culture using a culture medium defined by ATCC, and 50 ml of the concentrated bacterial solution was added. In addition, As
Mucor circinelloides ATC instead of perugillus niger
The C 1207a strain may be similarly inoculated, or both strains may be inoculated together. Thus, by adding both plant phytase produced by wheat and microbial phytase produced by filamentous fungi to the composting raw material, solubilization of inactive organophosphorus bound to phytate and its utilization rate The improvement will double.

Finally, to confirm the sterilizing effect of Fusarium 7, a filamentous fungus, which plays a major role in the continuous crop damage, in order to confirm the function of controlling the continuous crop damage in the crop, first, the population number in raw manure was examined. Fusarium fungus (Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 46 isolated and identified from tomato rhizosphere microorganisms)
893 strain) was subjected to increasing culture with a culture medium defined by ATCC, and the concentrated bacterial solution was added to the composting raw material. Then, after giving a slight growth period (typically about 3 days), an appropriate amount of commercially available chitosan 4 was added. The fusarium bacterium was added because, in the pork raw manure used as the compost material in this example, since the number of live Fusarium bacterium is originally very small, chitosan was added after adding this in advance. Example 2
In order to compare the reduction of Fusarium bacteria with the control compost and raw pork dung. Therefore, it goes without saying that the Fusarium bacterium is not added in the actual compost production.

As described above, after adding the respective materials having various functions, the composting is further continued, and when the temperature of the deposit reaches approximately 35 ° C., that is, in the present embodiment, the composting is performed. The final compost was obtained on the 25th day from the start of the experiment as the end of the experiment.

Test amount of the composting raw material used in this example,
Table 1 shows the addition amounts of the respective functional materials added thereto.

[0055]

[Table 1] Table 1 Test amount of pork raw manure and addition amount of functional material ------------------------------ -------------- Material type Material quantity ------------------------------ -------------- Raw pork 200 kg / wet food ----------------------------- --------------- Yucca extract (commercially available) 100g --------------------------- ----------------- Wheat bran 1kg ------------------------------ -------------- Chitosan (commercially available) 20g ------------------------------ -------------- Fungus Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 50ml culture concentrated culture solution ------------------------ ------------- Liquid Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 46893 20 ml concentrated culture liquid ---------------------------- ---------------- 25 days for composting ----------------------------- --------------- Maximum fermentation temperature 73 ℃ ------------------------------ -------------- Example 2 This example relates to the high value-added compost of the present invention manufactured by the method of Example 1. The purpose of the present invention was to confirm the effect of the three characteristics, namely, activation of nitrogen and improvement of its utilization rate, activation of inactive organophosphorus, and control of continuous crop injury. The compost was manufactured three times, and the results of three experiments were averaged to obtain a quantitative value. Table 2 shows data on nitrogen activation and activation of inert organophosphorus, and Table 3 shows
The data of the number of viable bacteria of Fusarium which is the cause of continuous cropping disorder are shown.

For comparison, among the ingredients of Table 1, yucca extract, wheat bran, chitosan, and Aspergillus ni
The compost produced without adding the ger bacterium culture solution and the raw pork raw material were used.

[0057]

[Table 2] Table 2 Analytical values for compost raw material (raw pork dung) and high value-added compost (units are in%) ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------- Moisture Carbon Nitrogen Carbon Percentage Phosphoric acid Organic state Effective state Phosphorus total phosphoric acid --------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Raw pork 78.5 43.7 3.1 14.1 4.8 2.0 2.5 Control compost 40.1 35.5 2.1 16.9 5.3 2.1 2.9 bottles Invention compost 39.8 34.0 2.9 11.7 5.1 2.3 4.8 ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------- * Composting days 25 days, twice in a day * Maximum fermentation temperature 73 ℃ * Organic phosphorus measuring method Legg and Black method * Effective phosphorus measuring method Truog method

[Table 3] Table 3 Number of viable bacteria of Fusarium in compost raw material (porcine raw manure) and high value-added compost ------------------------- --------- Number of Fusarium viable bacteria ---------------------------------- Pig live Manure 2.3 × 10 ⁵ Control compost 3.7 × 10 ³ Inventive compost 5.2 × 10 ¹ -------------------------------- -* The number of viable cells is the number of colonies (individual number) / g-dry matter * The viable cell number of the control compost and the compost of the present invention is the measured value when the fermentation temperature is lowered to 40 ° C; The viable cell count of Fu
It is the viable cell count after 1 day has elapsed since the concentrated culture solution of sarium was added.

The results obtained by the function confirmation experiment of the high-value-added compost of the present invention are summarized as follows.

(1) As can be easily understood from the experimental results of Table 2, the nitrogen loss rate of the high value-added compost of the present invention is about 6.5 by adding the appropriate amount of the yucca extract in the compost manufacturing process. % ((3.1-2.9) /3.1)
X100), but the nitrogen loss rate in the control compost was about 32.
% ((3.1-2.1) /3.1×100).
As described above, the compost of the present invention was effectively used as a composting microorganism because the effective nitrogen component contained in raw swine manure was reduced in the rate of volatilization as ammonia in the air.

(2) Effective state of control compost Total phosphoric acid 2.9%
On the other hand, the effective total phosphoric acid of the high-value-added compost of the present invention showed a high value of 4.8%, and most of the total phosphoric acid was converted to the effective phosphorus form which can be utilized by microorganisms. Was there. Thus, the plant phytase contained in wheat bran,
And in the compost of the present invention to which the microbial phytase produced by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus is added, the inactive organophosphorus bound to the phytate present in the compost raw material is solubilized by the enzyme phytase to produce microbially available phosphate. Were present.

(3) As clearly shown in the experimental results in Table 3, by adding an appropriate amount of chitosan to the composting raw material, the viable cell count of Fusarium, which is the main pathogenic bacterium responsible for continuous cropping, was extremely reduced. It was confirmed that by applying the high-value-added compost of the present invention to the field soil, it is possible to prevent and eliminate the continuous cropping trouble.

[0062]

As described in detail, the present invention is an innovative invention based on a completely different viewpoint and idea from the conventional one, and has the following effects.

The compost produced by the conventional method has the effect of strengthening the intelligence of the field soil, and can be expected to some extent as the fertilizer effect components of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium as compost components, but it has a further function. Absent. Therefore, at present, various kinds of organic wastes, especially livestock manure, in particular, are largely recycled into valuable materials called compost due to global trends and are mainly used for crop cultivation. Is simple, and at best, we can expect only strengthening of the ground. Therefore, although it is used fairly in livestock prefectures and its surroundings, it is not widely used nationwide, and a large amount of compost is left in the production area without being used, and the compost that should be a resource is reversed. Becomes a source of pollution,
There has been a strong demand for measures against it.

The method of the present invention and the high-value-added compost produced by the method have three new functions superior to the conventional compost, and in the future, the compost produced by the method of the present invention will be It is certain that it will be used effectively nationwide, and there is a high possibility that it will be exported to overseas countries where the geological strength of cultivated land is extremely exhausted.

That is, the high-value-added compost of the present invention is (1) not only capable of preventing the loss of the effective nitrogen contained in the compost and / or the field soil into the atmosphere, but also of the ammonia in the atmosphere. Volatilization is extremely reduced, so no odor pollution is caused.

(2) Inactive organic phosphorus present in compost and / or field soil can be solubilized and activated by an enzymatic action.

(3) It is possible to control or eliminate the continuous cropping problem, which is the most important problem in crop cultivation.

Therefore, the method of the present invention and the high-value-added compost produced by the method of the present invention are the same as those of the conventional method for composting organic waste and the re-composition of organic waste substantially corresponding to the conventional compost. It is a recycling method, and by generalizing and widely using the method of the present invention, it becomes possible to recycle and recycle various kinds of organic wastes in a perfect sense, thereby contributing to society. And the contribution to global environment conservation is great.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the function of the high-value-added compost of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing a high-value-added compost of Example 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an apparatus used for producing the high value-added compost of the present invention.

4 is a flow chart showing a process for producing the high value-added compost of the present invention from various raw materials by using the apparatus of FIG.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A compost prepared by adding a phytase source, a saponin source, and a chitosan source. 2. A method for producing compost, which comprises adding a phytase source, a saponin source and a chitosan source after the fermentation temperature of the compost being produced has fallen below the maximum value.