JPH07322516A - Battery charge control device and method - Google Patents
Battery charge control device and methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07322516A JPH07322516A JP6110708A JP11070894A JPH07322516A JP H07322516 A JPH07322516 A JP H07322516A JP 6110708 A JP6110708 A JP 6110708A JP 11070894 A JP11070894 A JP 11070894A JP H07322516 A JPH07322516 A JP H07322516A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- series
- batteries
- voltage
- switch means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【目的】 直列接続された電池に対して発熱を抑えて急
速充電を行う。
【構成】 ２つのスイッチ手段ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２の直列回
路を複数の電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２の直列回路に並列に接続する
と共に、スイッチ手段ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２の直列接続中点と
電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２の直列接続中点との間にインダクティブ
素子Ｌ１を接続する。各スイッチ手段ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２
は、各電池の端子電圧と直列回路の全電圧の分電圧とを
比較して各電池の端子電圧が均等になるようにスイッチ
ング制御し、また、設定電圧とを比較して各電池の端子
電圧を設定電圧以下になるようにスイッチング制御す
る。したがって、各電池の端子電圧を高い効率でしかも
僅かな損失で均等にすることができ、発熱を抑え大電流
の急速充電の充電効率を上げることができる。
(57) [Summary] [Purpose] Rapidly charge batteries connected in series while suppressing heat generation. A series circuit of two switch means SW1 and SW2 is connected in parallel to a series circuit of a plurality of batteries C1 and C2, and a midpoint of series connection of switch means SW1 and SW2 and a midpoint of series connection of batteries C1 and C2. And the inductive element L1 is connected between and. Each switch means SW1, SW2
The terminal voltage of each battery is compared with the total voltage of the series circuit to perform switching control so that the terminal voltage of each battery is equal, and the terminal voltage of each battery is compared with the set voltage. Is controlled so that the voltage becomes equal to or lower than the set voltage. Therefore, the terminal voltage of each battery can be made uniform with high efficiency and with a small loss, heat generation can be suppressed, and the charging efficiency of high-current rapid charging can be increased.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、直列に接続した複数の
電池を充電用電源に接続して各電池に均等に充電を行う
ための充電制御に関し、特に、電気二重層コンデンサを
含む二次電池の各単位セル毎の充電を均一化する電池の
充電制御装置及び方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to charging control for connecting a plurality of batteries connected in series to a charging power source to charge each battery evenly, and more particularly to a secondary control including an electric double layer capacitor. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery charge control device and method for equalizing charging of each unit cell of a battery.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、電気二重層コンデンサを電力用の
電池として利用することが可能となってきている。しか
し、コンデンサでは、電池の単位セルに相当する単位コ
ンデンサの耐電圧が数ボルトと低いため、実用上従来の
電池のセルと同様に複数個を直列に接続したり、それら
からなる組電池を直列に接続することにより所望の使用
電圧を得ている。しかし、電気二重層コンデンサを電池
として使用したときの電圧は、従来の電池と異なり充電
されたエネルギーにより大幅に変化する特性を持ってい
る。電池電圧とエネルギーとの関係は、コンデンサ電圧
をＥ〔Ｖ〕、コンデンサ容量をＣ〔Ｆ〕、充電されたエ
ネルギーをＷ〔Ｊ〕とすると、Ｗ＝０．５ＣＥ2 で示さ
れる。つまり、この電気二重層コンデンサによる新電池
では、過充電されると、コンデンサ端子電圧の上昇とな
って表れて容易に耐電圧を越えてしまい、ついには電池
が劣化にいたる恐れがあるという特性を持っている。特
に、実用に際しては、複数個の電池を直列に接続して使
用することがほとんどであるため、当然のこととして直
列に接続されたままで充電されることになる。ところが
各々のコンデンサの漏洩電流が異なり自己放電による影
響でコンデンサ端子電圧がバラツキを持っているため、
同一の電流で充電されると、あるものはすぐに満充電と
なるにもかかわらず、あるものは全く不十分な充電しか
行われないという現象が発生する。2. Description of the Related Art Recently, it has become possible to use an electric double layer capacitor as a battery for electric power. However, in a capacitor, the withstand voltage of a unit capacitor corresponding to a unit cell of a battery is as low as a few volts, so in practice, similar to a conventional battery cell, a plurality of batteries can be connected in series or an assembled battery composed of them can be connected in series. The desired working voltage is obtained by connecting to. However, unlike the conventional battery, the voltage when the electric double layer capacitor is used as a battery has a characteristic that it greatly changes depending on the charged energy. The relation between the battery voltage and the energy is expressed by W = 0.5CE 2 where E is the capacitor voltage, C is the capacitor capacity, and W is the charged energy. In other words, in a new battery with this electric double layer capacitor, if it is overcharged, it will appear as a rise in the capacitor terminal voltage, easily exceeding the withstand voltage, and eventually the battery may deteriorate. have. In particular, in practical use, it is almost the case that a plurality of batteries are connected in series and used, so that the battery is naturally charged while being connected in series. However, because the leakage current of each capacitor is different and the capacitor terminal voltage varies due to the effect of self-discharge,
When charged with the same current, there occurs a phenomenon that some of them are fully charged immediately but some of them are not sufficiently charged.
【０００３】図７は直列接続されたコンデンサの端子電
圧のバラツキをなくす回路の従来例を示す図である。直
列接続されたコンデンサＣ１、Ｃ２の端子電圧のバラツ
キをなくすため従来からある手段としては、図７（ａ）
に示すように単位コンデンサ各々に漏洩電流以上を流す
抵抗Ｒ１、Ｒ２を並列に接続し、或いは図７（ｂ）に示
すようにツェナーダイオードＣＲ４、ＣＲ５を並列に接
続することによって、過充電防止を行っている。また、
図７（ｃ）に示すように単位コンデンサ各々にシャント
・レギュレータＭＣ１、ＭＣ２を取り付けて過充電を防
止するなどの対策も採用されている。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a conventional example of a circuit for eliminating variations in terminal voltage of capacitors connected in series. As a conventional means for eliminating the variations in the terminal voltages of the capacitors C1 and C2 connected in series, a conventional means is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, resistors R1 and R2 for flowing a leakage current or more to each unit capacitor are connected in parallel, or Zener diodes CR4 and CR5 are connected in parallel as shown in FIG. 7B to prevent overcharge. Is going. Also,
As shown in FIG. 7C, measures are also taken such as mounting shunt regulators MC1 and MC2 on each unit capacitor to prevent overcharge.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、電気二
重層コンデンサを電池として使用する場合、コンデンサ
端子電圧のバラツキをなくすための上記従来の対策には
以下に述べるような問題点がある。直列接続されたコン
デンサの漏洩電流のバラツキによりコンデンサ端子電圧
がアンバランスになるのを防ぐ回路として、例えば図７
（ａ）に示すように抵抗Ｒ１、Ｒ２を並列に接続した回
路では、確かにコンデンサＣ１、Ｃ２の持つ最大の漏洩
電流値以上の電流が流れるように抵抗Ｒ１（＝Ｒ２）の
値を選定すれば、コンデンサＣ１、Ｃ２の端子電圧が抵
抗Ｒ１で均等に分割される。しかし、これらのコンデン
サＣ１、Ｃ２の目的が従来の電解コンデンサを直列接続
して構成される「平滑回路」として使用するものではな
く、エネルギーを蓄積する「電池」として使用するもの
である場合には、蓄積エネルギーを抵抗Ｒ１で熱として
自己消費してしまうため、非常に具合の悪いものになっ
てしまう。すなわち、図７（ａ）に示したような対策で
は、すべての新しい電池から常に最大の漏れ電流を流し
続けるように動作するため、電池としての用途目的に反
することになる。However, when the electric double layer capacitor is used as a battery, the above-mentioned conventional measures for eliminating the variation of the capacitor terminal voltage have the following problems. As a circuit for preventing the capacitor terminal voltage from being unbalanced due to variations in leakage current of capacitors connected in series, for example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), in the circuit in which the resistors R1 and R2 are connected in parallel, the value of the resistor R1 (= R2) should be selected so that a current more than the maximum leakage current value of the capacitors C1 and C2 will flow. For example, the terminal voltages of the capacitors C1 and C2 are evenly divided by the resistor R1. However, when the purpose of these capacitors C1 and C2 is not to use as a "smoothing circuit" configured by connecting conventional electrolytic capacitors in series, but to use as a "battery" for storing energy, However, since the stored energy is consumed by the resistor R1 as heat, it becomes very unsatisfactory. That is, in the measure as shown in FIG. 7A, the operation is performed so that the maximum leakage current is always kept flowing from all new batteries, which is contrary to the purpose of use as a battery.
【０００５】図７（ｂ）に示すように電池に並列にツェ
ナーダイオードを接続した回路では、万一、過充電され
ても電池にはツェナー電圧以上は印加されない設計にな
っており、また、図７（ｃ）に示すように誤差増幅器を
備えたシャント・レギュレータを採用した回路では、同
様に過充電された場合に充電電流をバイパスするように
なっているため、電池の端子電圧を一定値に抑える効果
があるが、いずれの回路もバイパスされた電流は熱とし
て消費される。そのため、発生する熱の処理が大きな問
題になる。特に、発生した熱の大小にかかわらず放熱処
理が困難な用途であるとか、あるいは蓄積される電力量
が大きく放熱のために特別の装置が必要になるような例
えば電力貯蔵や、電気自動車などの用途では、その設計
上熱が大きな問題になる。さらに決定的にこのシャント
・レギュレータ方式の欠点をクローズアップさせたの
が、急速充電の要請であった。As shown in FIG. 7 (b), the circuit in which a Zener diode is connected in parallel to the battery is designed so that no voltage higher than the Zener voltage is applied to the battery even if it is overcharged. As shown in Fig. 7 (c), the circuit that employs the shunt regulator equipped with the error amplifier also bypasses the charging current when overcharged. Although it has the effect of suppressing, the current bypassed in both circuits is consumed as heat. Therefore, the treatment of the generated heat becomes a big problem. In particular, it is an application in which heat dissipation is difficult regardless of the amount of heat generated, or a special device is required for heat dissipation because of the large amount of accumulated power, such as power storage and electric vehicles. In applications, heat is a major issue in its design. Furthermore, it was the request for quick charging that decisively highlighted the drawbacks of this shunt regulator system.
【０００６】電気二重層コンデンサによる電池は、従来
の鉛蓄電池を中心とした化学反応を動作原理とする電池
と異なり物理的なコンデンサであるため、原理的に急速
充電に適している。つまり、充電は大電流で行われるこ
とがその特長を生かした使用方法になる。しかし、その
場合に各電池電圧のバラツキが大きいと、先に満充電に
達した電池のシャント・レギュレータでの発熱は非常に
大きくなり過ぎてしまう。そのため、直列に接続された
電池の一つが満充電された時点で急速充電を停止しなけ
ればならず、急速充電の目的である短時間の充電ができ
なくなってしまい、何らかの対策が必要になっていた。[0006] A battery using an electric double layer capacitor is a physical capacitor, unlike a conventional lead-acid battery which mainly uses a chemical reaction as a principle of operation, and is therefore suitable for rapid charging in principle. In other words, charging is performed with a large current, which is a method of use that takes advantage of that feature. However, in this case, if there is a large variation in the voltage of each battery, the heat generated by the shunt regulator of the battery that has reached full charge will become too large. Therefore, quick charging must be stopped when one of the batteries connected in series is fully charged, and the short-time charging, which is the purpose of quick charging, cannot be performed, and some measure is required. It was
【０００７】本発明は、上記の課題を解決するものであ
って、直列接続されたコンデンサに対して発熱を抑えて
急速充電を行うことが可能な電池の充電制御装置及び方
法を提供することを目的とするものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is to solve the above problems and provides a battery charge control device and method capable of suppressing rapid heat generation in a capacitor connected in series and performing rapid charge. It is intended.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】そのために本発明は、直
列に接続した複数の電池を充電用電源に接続して各電池
に均等に充電を行うための電池の充電制御装置であっ
て、複数の電池の直列回路に並列に接続される２つのス
イッチ手段の直列回路と、スイッチ手段の直列接続中点
と電池の直列接続中点との間に接続されるインダクティ
ブ素子とを備えたことを特徴とするものであり、さら
に、上記電池は、電気二重層コンデンサであり、上記２
つのスイッチ手段にそれぞれ整流手段を並列に接続し、
特性を異なる複数の電池を用い、直列接続の順序に一定
の規則性を持たせたことを特徴とするものである。To this end, the present invention provides a battery charge control device for connecting a plurality of batteries connected in series to a charging power source to charge each battery evenly. A series circuit of two switch means connected in parallel to the series circuit of the battery, and an inductive element connected between the series connection midpoint of the switch means and the series connection midpoint of the battery. Furthermore, the battery is an electric double layer capacitor, and
Connect the rectifying means in parallel to the two switch means,
It is characterized in that a plurality of batteries having different characteristics are used and a certain regularity is given to the order of series connection.
【０００９】また、充電制御方法は、各電池の端子電圧
と直列回路の全電圧の分電圧とを比較して各電池の端子
電圧が均等になるように各スイッチ手段をスイッチング
制御することを特徴とし、各電池の端子電圧と設定電圧
とを比較して各電池の端子電圧を設定電圧以下になるよ
うに各スイッチ手段をスイッチング制御することを特徴
とするものである。Further, the charging control method is characterized in that the terminal voltage of each battery is compared with the total voltage of the series circuit and the switching means is controlled so that the terminal voltage of each battery becomes equal. It is characterized in that the terminal voltage of each battery is compared with the set voltage, and the switching means is controlled so that the terminal voltage of each battery becomes equal to or lower than the set voltage.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】本発明に係る電池の充電制御方法及び装置で
は、複数の電池の直列回路に並列に接続される２つのス
イッチ手段の直列回路と、スイッチ手段の直列接続中点
と電池の直列接続中点との間に接続されるインダクティ
ブ素子とを備えたので、各電池が同電位になるように電
圧の高い電池から低い電池へスイッチ手段のスイッチン
グ制御によって電流を移送することができる。また、各
電池の端子電圧と直列回路の全電圧の分電圧とを比較し
て各電池の端子電圧が均等になるように各スイッチ手段
をスイッチング制御するので、大電流で行われる急速充
電などの前の初期における電池の端子電圧のバラツキを
なくし、各電池の端子電圧を均等にすることができる。
さらには、各電池の端子電圧と設定電圧とを比較して各
電池の端子電圧を設定電圧以下になるように各スイッチ
手段をスイッチング制御するので、各々の電池電圧が設
定値以上に充電されないように満充電された電池から未
充電の電池へ電荷を効率よく移動させることができる。In the battery charge control method and device according to the present invention, the series circuit of two switch means connected in parallel to the series circuit of a plurality of batteries, the series connection midpoint of the switch means and the series connection of the batteries. Since the inductive element connected between the point and the point is provided, the current can be transferred from the battery having a high voltage to the battery having a low voltage by the switching control of the switch means so that the batteries have the same potential. Further, the terminal voltage of each battery is compared with the total voltage of the series circuit to control the switching of each switch means so that the terminal voltage of each battery is equalized. It is possible to eliminate the variations in the terminal voltage of the batteries in the initial period before and to make the terminal voltages of the batteries uniform.
Furthermore, since the switching means is controlled so that the terminal voltage of each battery is compared with the set voltage so that the terminal voltage of each battery becomes equal to or less than the set voltage, each battery voltage is prevented from being charged above the set value. The charge can be efficiently transferred from the fully charged battery to the uncharged battery.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照しつつ説
明する。図１は本発明に係る電池の充電制御装置及び方
法の１実施例を説明するための図、図２は本発明に係る
電池の充電制御装置及び方法の他の実施例を説明するた
めの図であり、Ｃ１、Ｃ２は電池、Ｌ１はインダクティ
ブ素子、ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２はスイッチ装置、Ｔ１、Ｔ２は
充電用電源端子、ＣＲ３、ＣＲ４は整流素子を示す。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment of a battery charge control device and method according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining another embodiment of a battery charge control device and method according to the present invention. C1 and C2 are batteries, L1 is an inductive element, SW1 and SW2 are switching devices, T1 and T2 are charging power terminals, and CR3 and CR4 are rectifying elements.
【００１２】図１において、電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２は、例えば
電気二重層コンデンサを用いたものであり、直列接続し
てその両端を充電用電源端子Ｔ１、Ｔ２に接続すると共
に、その直列回路と並列にスイッチ装置ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２
の直列回路を接続する。そして、電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２の直列
接続中点とスイッチ装置ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２の直列接続中点
との間にインダクティブ素子Ｌ１を接続し、一方のスイ
ッチ装置ＳＷ１（ＳＷ２）によりスイッチング制御を行
うとき他方のスイッチ装置ＳＷ２（ＳＷ１）は同期整流
器として動作することによって、一方の電池の電荷、充
電電流を他方の電池へ移送する昇圧、昇降圧コンバータ
を構成するものである。In FIG. 1, batteries C1 and C2 are, for example, electric double layer capacitors, which are connected in series and both ends thereof are connected to charging power supply terminals T1 and T2, and in parallel with the series circuit. Switch devices SW1 and SW2
Connect the series circuit of. Then, an inductive element L1 is connected between the midpoint of the series connection of the batteries C1 and C2 and the midpoint of the series connection of the switch devices SW1 and SW2, and when the switching control is performed by one switch device SW1 (SW2), the other switch The device SW2 (SW1) constitutes a step-up / step-down converter that transfers the charge and charging current of one battery to the other battery by operating as a synchronous rectifier.
【００１３】次に、動作を説明する。上記構成の回路に
おいて、いま、仮に電池Ｃ１の端子電圧が電池Ｃ２に比
較して高電位であるとすると、この電池Ｃ１の電荷は、
スイッチ装置ＳＷ１、インダクティブ素子Ｌ１と、同期
整流器として働くスイッチ装置ＳＷ２から構成される昇
圧コンバータにより、他方の電池Ｃ２の充電に振り向け
られる。そして、電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２が同電位になると昇圧
コンバータは停止する。また逆に電池Ｃ２の端子電圧の
方が高電位にあると、この電池Ｃ２の電荷は、スイッチ
装置ＳＷ２、インダクティブ素子Ｌ１と、同期整流器と
して働くスイッチ装置ＳＷ１から構成される昇降圧コン
バータにより、他方の電池Ｃ１の充電に振り向けられ、
やはり、電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２が同電位になると停止する。Next, the operation will be described. In the circuit having the above configuration, if the terminal voltage of the battery C1 is higher than that of the battery C2, the charge of the battery C1 is
A boost converter composed of a switch device SW1, an inductive element L1 and a switch device SW2 acting as a synchronous rectifier directs the charging of the other battery C2. When the batteries C1 and C2 have the same potential, the boost converter stops. On the contrary, when the terminal voltage of the battery C2 is higher than the terminal voltage of the battery C2, the electric charge of the battery C2 is changed by the buck-boost converter composed of the switch device SW2, the inductive element L1 and the switch device SW1 acting as a synchronous rectifier, Is directed to charging the battery C1 of
After all, when the batteries C1 and C2 have the same potential, the batteries stop.
【００１４】本発明の電池の充電制御装置及び方法は、
このようにして電池の端子電圧を均等にするものであ
り、急速充電の準備のプロセスとして非常に有効であ
る。それは、大電流により急速充電を行う場合、充電前
の各電池電圧を均等にし、全ての電池が同一電位から充
電を開始させると、短時間で高い充電率が得られるから
である。このように直列接続された電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２の各
電圧を平順化する制御は、充電の前など、必要な時だけ
動作させればよく、しかも、電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２の電荷の移
動は、スイッチ装置で電流をスイッチング制御すること
により行うので、通常の電池のエネルギー消費は極僅か
ですみ高効率で行うことができる。The battery charge control apparatus and method of the present invention are
In this way, the terminal voltage of the battery is made uniform, which is very effective as a process for preparing for rapid charging. This is because, when rapid charging is performed with a large current, if the battery voltages before charging are equalized and all the batteries start charging from the same potential, a high charging rate can be obtained in a short time. The control for equalizing the voltages of the batteries C1 and C2 connected in series in this way may be performed only when necessary, such as before charging, and the charge transfer of the batteries C1 and C2 is performed by the switch device. Since it is performed by switching control the current with, the energy consumption of a normal battery is extremely small and high efficiency can be achieved.
【００１５】また、上記構成の本発明によれば、通常充
電時の機能として、自分自身の電池電圧を設定電圧値以
下に制御すること、つまり過充電保護も可能であり、し
かも従来のシャント・レギュレータのように充電のエネ
ルギーを熱として損失しないようにすることも可能であ
る。次に、充電時や、負荷からの電力回生時に電池を過
充電から保護する動作を説明する。Further, according to the present invention having the above-mentioned structure, as a function at the time of normal charging, it is possible to control the battery voltage of itself to be equal to or less than the set voltage value, that is, it is possible to perform overcharge protection, and moreover, the conventional shunt It is also possible not to lose the charging energy as heat like a regulator. Next, the operation of protecting the battery from overcharging at the time of charging or regenerating electric power from the load will be described.
【００１６】充電中に、電池Ｃ１の端子電圧が設定値に
達したとすると、余分な充電電流は、スイッチ装置ＳＷ
１をスイッチング動作させることによりインダクティブ
素子Ｌ１に流して磁束の形で蓄え、次にスイッチ装置Ｓ
Ｗ２を同期整流器としてスイッチング動作させることに
より、インダクティブ素子Ｌ１から他方の電池Ｃ２へ新
たな充電電流として移動させることができる。つまり、
同期整流器付の昇圧コンバータで余分な充電電流を移動
することができる。また、電池Ｃ２の方が先に設定電圧
に達した場合には、スイッチ装置ＳＷ２をスイッチング
制御することにより、インダクティブ素子Ｌ１と同期整
流器として制御されるスイッチ装置ＳＷ１から構成され
る昇降圧コンバータで電池Ｃ２に流れ込む余分な充電電
流を電池Ｃ１へ移送する。そのために発熱が少なく充電
時間が短い、充電効率の良い充電制御が可能となる。If the terminal voltage of the battery C1 reaches the set value during charging, the extra charging current is
1 is switched to flow into the inductive element L1 and is stored in the form of magnetic flux.
By performing the switching operation of W2 as a synchronous rectifier, it is possible to move it from the inductive element L1 to the other battery C2 as a new charging current. That is,
A boost converter with a synchronous rectifier can move excess charging current. In addition, when the battery C2 reaches the set voltage first, the switching device SW2 is switching-controlled so that the buck-boost converter including the inductive element L1 and the switching device SW1 controlled as the synchronous rectifier is used. The extra charging current flowing into C2 is transferred to the battery C1. Therefore, it is possible to perform charge control with low heat generation and short charging time and high charging efficiency.
【００１７】なお、図２に示すようにスイッチ装置ＳＷ
１、ＳＷ２の各々に並列に例えばダイオードを用いた整
流素子ＣＲ３、ＣＲ４を接続すると、同期整流の制御を
簡略化し、あるいは省略して制御を簡素化することがで
きる。また、予め直列に接続された各電池の容量に違い
を持たせるとか、各電池の負荷を意図的に不平衡に設計
しておくことにより、各電池の電圧配分に一定の規則性
を持たせ、また満充電の順位をコントロールして、一方
向のみの電流移動でもよいように構成することもでき
る。この場合には、制御を簡素にできるだけでなく、ス
イッチ装置ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２のいずれか一方を同期整流と
同方向のダイオードに置き換えて回路を簡略にすること
もできる。As shown in FIG. 2, the switch device SW
If the rectifiers CR3 and CR4 using diodes, for example, are connected in parallel to the SW1 and SW2, respectively, the control of the synchronous rectification can be simplified or omitted to simplify the control. In addition, a certain regularity is given to the voltage distribution of each battery by making different the capacity of each battery connected in series beforehand or by intentionally designing the load of each battery to be unbalanced. Alternatively, the order of full charge may be controlled so that the current may be moved in only one direction. In this case, not only the control can be simplified, but also one of the switch devices SW1 and SW2 can be replaced with a diode in the same direction as the synchronous rectification to simplify the circuit.
【００１８】図３は各電池にアンバランスに蓄積された
電荷を均等にする場合のＰＷＭスイッチング制御方法の
１実施例を説明するための図であり、誤差増幅器ＭＣ
３、ＭＣ４により各電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２の端子電圧と全電圧
を抵抗Ｒ１、Ｒ２により分圧した電圧とを比較し、その
誤差をパルス幅変調（ＰＷＭ）した出力によりスイッチ
装置ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２を制御するものである。ここで、電
池Ｃ１＝Ｃ２の場合、抵抗Ｒ１＝Ｒ２となる。したがっ
て、電池Ｃ１の端子電圧が高く、電池Ｃ２の端子電圧が
低い場合には、高い電位から低い電位へ電荷を移動する
制御を行うように構成される。すなわち、このとき、誤
差増幅器ＭＣ３は、パルス幅変調出力によりスイッチ装
置ＳＷ１をドライブして電池Ｃ１から電池Ｃ２へ電荷を
移動して電圧を平衡させる。逆に電池Ｃ２の端子電圧が
高く、電池Ｃ１の端子電圧が低い場合には、誤差増幅器
ＭＣ４がパルス幅変調出力によりスイッチ装置ＳＷ２を
ドライブして電池Ｃ２から電池Ｃ１へ電荷を移動して各
電池の電圧を平衡させる。FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment of a PWM switching control method for equalizing the electric charges accumulated unbalanced in each battery.
3 and MC4 compare the terminal voltage of each battery C1 and C2 with the voltage obtained by dividing the total voltage by the resistors R1 and R2, and control the switch devices SW1 and SW2 by the pulse width modulation (PWM) output of the error. It is a thing. Here, when the battery C1 = C2, the resistance R1 = R2. Therefore, when the terminal voltage of the battery C1 is high and the terminal voltage of the battery C2 is low, it is configured to control the transfer of the charges from the high potential to the low potential. That is, at this time, the error amplifier MC3 drives the switch device SW1 by the pulse width modulation output to move the charge from the battery C1 to the battery C2 and balance the voltage. On the contrary, when the terminal voltage of the battery C2 is high and the terminal voltage of the battery C1 is low, the error amplifier MC4 drives the switch device SW2 by the pulse width modulation output to transfer the electric charge from the battery C2 to the battery C1. Balance the voltage on.
【００１９】図４は各電池への過充電を防止して余剰の
充電電流を未充電の電池へ振り向ける機能を持つ本発明
の他の実施応用例を示す図であり、Ｅ１，Ｅ２は各電池
Ｃ１、Ｃ２に許容される電池電圧を設定する基準電圧で
ある。誤差増幅器ＭＣ３、ＭＣ４は、抵抗Ｒ１〜Ｒ４で
検出される各電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２の端子電圧と基準電圧Ｅ
１，Ｅ２とを比較し、その誤差をパルス幅変調（ＰＷ
Ｍ）した出力によりスイッチ装置ＳＷ１、ＳＷ２を制御
するものである。したがって、充電電流Ｉ〔Ａ〕で充電
され、電池Ｃ１の端子電圧が設定された電圧値である基
準電圧Ｅ１を越えると、誤差増幅器ＭＣ３は、パルス幅
変調出力によりスイッチ装置ＳＷ１をスイッチング制御
して電池Ｃ１に充電される電流を整流素子ＣＲ１を通し
て電池Ｃ２へ移送する。そのため、電池Ｃ２は、図示し
ない充電電源からの電流と電池Ｃ１からの電流の和であ
る、ほぼ２Ｉ〔Ａ〕の電流で充電され、急速に電池Ｃ２
の充電を完了させることが可能になる。なお、充電の完
了は、直列接続された電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２の合計電圧で検出
する従来の方法でもよいし、各電池Ｃ１，Ｃ２からの各
満充電信号でもよい。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment application example of the present invention which has a function of preventing overcharge to each battery and directing an excess charging current to an uncharged battery. It is a reference voltage that sets the battery voltage allowed for the batteries C1 and C2. The error amplifiers MC3 and MC4 have terminal voltages of the batteries C1 and C2 detected by the resistors R1 to R4 and a reference voltage E, respectively.
1 and E2 are compared, and the error is pulse width modulated (PW
The output M) controls the switch devices SW1 and SW2. Therefore, when the battery C1 is charged with the charging current I [A] and the terminal voltage of the battery C1 exceeds the reference voltage E1 which is the set voltage value, the error amplifier MC3 controls the switching of the switching device SW1 by the pulse width modulation output. The current charged in the battery C1 is transferred to the battery C2 through the rectifying element CR1. Therefore, the battery C2 is charged with a current of approximately 2I [A], which is the sum of the current from the charging power source (not shown) and the current from the battery C1, and the battery C2 rapidly increases.
It will be possible to complete the charging of. It should be noted that the completion of charging may be performed by the conventional method of detecting the total voltage of the batteries C1 and C2 connected in series, or by the full charge signals from the batteries C1 and C2.
【００２０】図５及び図６は４個の同一容量の電池Ｃ
１、Ｃ２、Ｃ３、Ｃ４を直列接続した場合の本発明の他
の実施例を示す図である。４個の電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２、Ｃ
３、Ｃ４の直列回路に対して、順次２個ずつ電池Ｃ１と
Ｃ２、Ｃ２とＣ３、Ｃ３とＣ４により構成される直列回
路に着目し、それららに図１の構成を適用する例を示し
たのが図５である。また、電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２のブロックと
電池Ｃ３、Ｃ４のブロックとするブロックによる直列回
路、さらにその中の直列回路の構成に着目し、それらの
直列回路に対して図１の構成を適用する例を示したのが
図６である。すなわち、複数の電池（Ｃ１、Ｃ２、Ｃ
３、Ｃ４）の直列回路に対して並列に接続する２つのス
イッチ手段の直列回路として、電池Ｃ１とＣ２との直列
回路に対応するスイッチ手段ＳＷ１１とＳＷ１２との直
列回路や、電池Ｃ３とＣ４との直列回路に対応するスイ
ッチ手段ＳＷ２１とＳＷ２２との直列回路、さらに、複
数個の電池を組み合わせた電池Ｃ１とＣ２による組電池
と電池Ｃ３とＣ４による組電池との直列回路に対応する
スイッチ手段ＳＷ１とＳＷ２との直列回路があり、各々
の直列接続中点間にインダクティブ素子Ｌ１、Ｌ１１、
Ｌ２１を接続している。このようにすることにより本発
明は、２個以上の電池の直列回路に対して、その中から
任意の単位で直列回路を抽出してスイッチ手段の直列回
路とインダクティブ素子により、昇圧、昇降圧コンバー
タを構成せしめ、各電池の電圧が均等になり、また、設
定電圧値以下で急速充電できるように制御することがで
きる。5 and 6 show four batteries C having the same capacity.
It is a figure which shows another Example of this invention at the time of connecting C1, C3, C4 in series. 4 batteries C1, C2, C
Focusing on a series circuit composed of two batteries C1 and C2, C2 and C3, and C3 and C4 in sequence for a series circuit of C3 and C4, an example of applying the configuration of FIG. 1 to them is shown. Is shown in FIG. Further, an example in which the configuration of FIG. 1 is applied to these series circuits by paying attention to the configurations of the series circuits including the blocks of the batteries C1 and C2 and the blocks of the batteries C3 and C4, and the series circuits therein. It is shown in FIG. That is, a plurality of batteries (C1, C2, C
(3, C4) as a series circuit of two switch means connected in parallel to the series circuit, a series circuit of switch means SW11 and SW12 corresponding to a series circuit of batteries C1 and C2, and a battery C3 and C4. A series circuit of switch means SW21 and SW22 corresponding to the series circuit of, and a switch means SW1 corresponding to the series circuit of a battery pack of batteries C1 and C2 and a battery pack of batteries C3 and C4 in which a plurality of batteries are combined. There is a series circuit of SW2 and SW2, and inductive elements L1, L11,
L21 is connected. By doing so, the present invention extracts a series circuit in an arbitrary unit from a series circuit of two or more batteries, and uses the series circuit of the switch means and the inductive element to perform the step-up / step-up / down converter. It is possible to control so that the voltages of the batteries are equalized and the battery can be rapidly charged below a set voltage value.
【００２１】なお、本発明は、上記の実施例に限定され
るものではなく、種々の変形が可能である。例えば上記
の実施例では、複数の電池を直列に接続した構成で説明
したが、直並列に接続した複数の電池に対しても同様に
適用してもよい。また、電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２、Ｃ３、Ｃ４
は、単位電池として説明したが、それらを組み合わせた
組電池でもよく、また複数個の電池の組み合わせについ
ても、直並列に組み合わせた種々の構成を含むものであ
ってもよいことはいうまでもない。The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but various modifications can be made. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which a plurality of batteries are connected in series has been described, but the same may be applied to a plurality of batteries connected in series and parallel. In addition, batteries C1, C2, C3, C4
Is described as a unit battery, but it goes without saying that an assembled battery in which they are combined may be included, and a combination of a plurality of batteries may include various configurations in which the batteries are combined in series and parallel. .
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明
によれば、２つのスイッチ手段の直列回路を複数の電池
の直列回路に並列に接続すると共に、スイッチ手段の直
列接続中点と電池の直列接続中点との間にインダクティ
ブ素子を接続するので、直列接続された各電池の端子電
圧を高い効率で、しかも僅かな損失で均等にすることが
でき、大電流の急速充電の充電効率を上げることが可能
になる。さらに、通常の充電時には、満充電になった電
池への充電電流を他の未充電電池へスイッチング制御に
よって低損失で移送することができるので、発熱の少な
い効率の良い充電が可能になる。特に、電気二重層コン
デンサによる二次電池は、単位セルを直列に接続した組
セルから構成されるが、充電する際に、ある単位セルは
すでに満充電状態にもかかわらず、他の単位セルはまだ
十分に充電されていないなど、不均等な充電現象が発生
する。本発明は、このような電気二重層コンデンサによ
る電池の充電時における各々の単位セル電池の充電状態
に差異の発生がなく、部分的な過充電現象のない制御装
置及び方法を提供することができる。As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the series circuit of two switch means is connected in parallel to the series circuit of a plurality of batteries, and the midpoint of the series connection of the switch means and the battery. Since an inductive element is connected between the midpoint of the series connection and the terminal voltage of each series-connected battery can be equalized with high efficiency and with a small loss, the charging efficiency of high-current rapid charging can be improved. It becomes possible to raise. Furthermore, during normal charging, the charging current to the fully charged battery can be transferred to another uncharged battery with low loss by switching control, so that efficient charging with less heat generation becomes possible. In particular, a secondary battery using an electric double layer capacitor is composed of assembled cells in which unit cells are connected in series, but when charging, one unit cell is already fully charged but the other unit cell is An uneven charging phenomenon occurs, such as insufficient charging. The present invention can provide a control device and method in which there is no difference in the state of charge of each unit cell battery when a battery is charged by such an electric double layer capacitor and there is no partial overcharge phenomenon. .
【図１】 本発明に係る電池の充電制御装置及び方法の
１実施例を説明するための図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment of a battery charge control device and method according to the present invention.
【図２】 本発明に係る電池の充電制御装置及び方法の
他の実施例を説明するための図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining another embodiment of the battery charge control device and method according to the present invention.
【図３】 各電池にアンバランスに蓄積された電荷を均
等にする場合のＰＷＭスイッチング制御方法の１実施例
を説明するための図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment of a PWM switching control method in the case of equalizing the electric charges accumulated unbalanced in each battery.
【図４】 各電池への過充電を防止して余剰の充電電流
を未充電の電池へ振り向ける機能を持つ本発明の他の実
施応用例を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment application example of the present invention having a function of preventing overcharge to each battery and directing an excess charging current to an uncharged battery.
【図５】 ４個の同一容量の電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２、Ｃ３、Ｃ
４を直列接続した場合の本発明の他の実施例を示す図で
ある。FIG. 5 shows four batteries C1, C2, C3, C having the same capacity.
It is a figure which shows the other Example of this invention when 4 is connected in series.
【図６】 ４個の同一容量の電池Ｃ１、Ｃ２、Ｃ３、Ｃ
４を直列接続した場合の本発明の他の実施例を示す図で
ある。FIG. 6 shows four batteries C1, C2, C3, C having the same capacity.
It is a figure which shows the other Example of this invention when 4 is connected in series.
【図７】 直列接続されたコンデンサの端子電圧のバラ
ツキをなくす回路の従来例を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a conventional example of a circuit for eliminating variations in terminal voltage of capacitors connected in series.
Ｃ１、Ｃ２…電池、Ｌ１…インダクティブ素子、ＳＷ
１、ＳＷ２…スイッチ装置、ＣＲ１、ＣＲ２…整流素
子、Ｔ１、Ｔ２…充電用電源端子C1, C2 ... Battery, L1 ... Inductive element, SW
1, SW2 ... Switching device, CR1, CR2 ... Rectifying element, T1, T2 ... Charging power supply terminal
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 山岸 政章 神奈川県横浜市神奈川区台町２−５株式会 社パワーシステム内 (72)発明者 清水 雅彦 神奈川県横浜市神奈川区台町２−５株式会 社パワーシステム内 (72)発明者 岡村 廸夫 神奈川県横浜市南区南太田町３丁目303番 の24 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masaaki Yamagishi 2-5 Taimachi, Kanagawa-ku, Kanagawa Prefecture Kanagawa Power Systems (72) Inventor Masahiko Shimizu 2-5 Taimachi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama In stock company power system (72) Inventor Tatsuo Okamura 24, 3303-3, Minamiota-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa
Claims (6)
に接続して各電池に均等に充電を行うための電池の充電
制御装置であって、複数の電池の直列回路に並列に接続
される２つのスイッチ手段の直列回路と、スイッチ手段
の直列接続中点と電池の直列接続中点との間に接続され
るインダクティブ素子とを備えたことを特徴とする電池
の充電制御装置。1. A battery charge control device for connecting a plurality of batteries connected in series to a charging power source to charge each battery evenly, the device being connected in parallel to a series circuit of the plurality of batteries. A charging control device for a battery, comprising: a series circuit of two switch means, and an inductive element connected between a midpoint of series connection of the switch means and a midpoint of series connection of the battery.
ることを特徴とする請求項１記載の電池の充電制御装
置。2. The battery charge control device according to claim 1, wherein the battery is an electric double layer capacitor.
手段を並列に接続したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の
電池の充電制御装置。3. The battery charge control device according to claim 1, wherein a rectifying means is connected in parallel to each of the two switch means.
続の順序に一定の規則性を持たせたことを特徴とする請
求項１記載の電池の充電制御装置。4. The battery charge control device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of batteries having different characteristics are used and a certain regularity is provided in the order of series connection.
に接続して各電池に均等に充電を行うための電池の充電
制御方法であって、２つのスイッチ手段の直列回路を複
数の電池の直列回路に並列に接続すると共に、スイッチ
手段の直列接続中点と電池の直列接続中点との間にイン
ダクティブ素子を接続し、各電池の端子電圧と前記直列
回路の全電圧の分電圧とを比較して各電池の端子電圧が
均等になるように各スイッチ手段をスイッチング制御す
ることを特徴とする電池の充電制御方法。5. A battery charge control method for connecting a plurality of batteries connected in series to a charging power source to charge each battery evenly, wherein a series circuit of two switch means comprises a plurality of batteries. Connected in parallel to the series circuit of, the inductive element is connected between the series connection midpoint of the switch means and the series connection midpoint of the battery, and the terminal voltage of each battery and the partial voltage of the total voltage of the series circuit. And a switching control of each switch means so that the terminal voltage of each battery is equalized.
に接続して各電池に均等に充電を行うための電池の充電
制御方法であって、２つのスイッチ手段の直列回路を複
数の電池の直列回路に並列に接続すると共に、スイッチ
手段の直列接続中点と電池の直列接続中点との間にイン
ダクティブ素子を接続し、各電池の端子電圧を設定電圧
と比較して各電池の端子電圧を設定電圧以下になるよう
に各スイッチ手段をスイッチング制御することを特徴と
する電池の充電制御方法。6. A battery charge control method for connecting a plurality of batteries connected in series to a charging power source to charge each battery evenly, wherein a series circuit of two switch means comprises a plurality of batteries. In parallel with the series circuit of, the inductive element is connected between the series connection midpoint of the switch means and the series connection midpoint of the battery, and the terminal voltage of each battery is compared with the set voltage to determine the terminal of each battery. A battery charge control method, characterized in that switching control is performed on each of the switch means so that the voltage becomes equal to or lower than a set voltage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11070894A JP3328656B2 (en) | 1994-05-25 | 1994-05-25 | Battery charge control device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11070894A JP3328656B2 (en) | 1994-05-25 | 1994-05-25 | Battery charge control device and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07322516A true JPH07322516A (en) | 1995-12-08 |
| JP3328656B2 JP3328656B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 |
Family
ID=14542454
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11070894A Expired - Fee Related JP3328656B2 (en) | 1994-05-25 | 1994-05-25 | Battery charge control device and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3328656B2 (en) |
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