JPH0739191A - Reluctance motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To rotate a motor having a large output at a high speed by supplying electrostatic energy stored in a small-value capacitor simultaneously upon starting of conducting to an armature coil to accelerate a rise of a conducting current. CONSTITUTION:Armatures 9a, 9b are connected in series, energized by terminals 8a, 8d, and armatures 9c, 9d and 9e, 9f are respectively connected in series, and energized by terminals 8b, 8e and 8c, 8f. Armature coils are isolated at 120 degrees, and the coils 9a and 9b, 9c and 9d, 9e and 9f respectively become the coils of first, second and third phases. If the coils 9a, 9b of the first phase are energized when a rotor 1 is moved leftward at 180 degrees, salient poles 1a, 1b are magnetically attracted to poles 16a, 16b, 16c via the other opposite poles to be rotated. When the energization is stopped when they rotated at 120 degrees and the coils 9c, 9d are energized, the rotor 1 is further rotated rightward, and when the energization is stopped when it is rotated at 120 degrees and the coils 9e, 9f of the third phase are energized, the rotor 1 is further rotated rightward.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Industrial application] Since it has a large output and little torque ripple, it has a wide range of uses as a power source. For example, it can be used for electric vehicles, electric bicycles, cranes, vacuum cleaners, and the like.

2. Description of the Related Art A reluctance type electric motor has a large output torque, but it has not been put into practical use due to its drawbacks such as a low rotation speed and vibration.

[0002]

In the case of a reluctance type motor, since the number of salient poles of the rotor is large and the inductance is large, the magnetic energy accumulated or released in the magnetic poles and salient poles is reduced. The amount is large, and the number of accumulations and discharges per revolution is large. Therefore, although the output torque is large, there is a problem that the output torque is low. When the electric motor has a large output, it becomes more difficult to solve the above-mentioned problems. Second Problem FIG. 1 is a plan view of a well-known three-phase single-wave energizing reluctance motor. Reference numeral 16 is a fixed armature, which is made of a laminated body of silicon steel plates and has magnetic poles 16a, 16b, ...
Armature coils 17a-1, 17b-1, ... Are attached to the. The rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A. Symbol 5 is a rotation axis. When the armature coils 17b-1 and 17e-1 are energized, the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A, and the rotor 1 has an electrical angle of 1
When it rotates 20 degrees, the energization is stopped, and then the armature coil 1
7c-1 and 17f-1 are energized, and when energized by an electrical angle of 120 degrees, they rotate by the same angle. As described above, the armature coils 17a-1, 17d-1 → 17b-1, 17e-1
→ 17c-1 and 17f-1 are energized in this order to rotate in the direction of arrow A. Two salient poles are involved in the above-described rotation torque, and the other four are not involved. If six salient poles simultaneously generate torque, the torque will be tripled, but there is a problem that this cannot be achieved. Third subject Armature coil 17a
When -1, 17d-1 is energized, the magnetic poles 16a, 16d
Is attracted to the salient poles 1a and 1e in the radial direction, so that the fixed armature 16 is deformed and distorted by the attraction force. Rotate and magnetic pole 16
The fixed armature 16 is deformed by the attraction of b and 16e, the magnetic poles 16c and 16f, and the opposing salient poles. There is a problem that such deformation causes vibration. Further, since it is technically difficult to make the gap between the salient poles and the magnetic poles constant, the suction force received by the rotor 1 changes with rotation, and the rotor 1 vibrates in the radial direction. Therefore, there is a problem that vibration noise is generated and the service life of the bearing of the rotating shaft of the rotor 1 is shortened. If the device is large and has a large output, it is difficult to solve the above-mentioned problems. Fourth
Problem to be Solved When the second problem is solved, there is a problem that a large ripple torque is generated as described later with reference to FIG.

[0003]

[Means for Solving the Problems] First Means In a reluctance type electric motor of three-phase double-wave conduction, n arranged at both sides of an outer peripheral surface of a magnetic rotor with equal width and equal separation angle.
(N is a positive integer of 2 or more) and the first and second salient poles, and the phase is distributed to the 6n slots arranged at equal intervals at the inner peripheral portion of the cylindrical first fixed armature. The armature coils of the first, second, and third phases, which are installed by sequentially shifting by 120 degrees in terms of electrical angle, have exactly the same configuration as the first fixed armature, and the phase is in the slot in terms of electrical angle. Shift by 120 degrees in sequence
The second with the armature coils of the first , second , and third phases attached
Of the stationary armature and the slots of the first and second stationary armatures, and the corresponding armature coils of the first , second , and third phases, and the first , second , and third stationary armatures. The relative positions of the armature coils of the phases are arranged so as to be offset by an odd multiple of 30 degrees in terms of electrical angle, or these are in phase and the positions of the first salient pole and the second salient pole facing each other are set to 30 degrees. A means for arranging them by an odd number of times and a rotational position of the first salient pole are detected to detect the position of the first phase, which is separated by 240 degrees from each other by an electrical angle of 120 degrees, and the phase detection signals from these. Is the position detection signal of the second phase which is 120 degrees behind in electrical angle, and the position detection signal of the third phase whose phase is 120 degrees in electrical angle from these and the positions of the first, second and third phases first, second, respectively from the detection signal phase-delayed odd multiple of 30 degrees in electrical angle,
A position detecting device for position detection signal of the third phase is obtained, and the first, second, third, first, second, semiconductor switching elements connected in series to each of the armature coils of the third phase A direct current power source for supplying a series connection body of the armature coil and semiconductor switching, and first, second, third, first , and second
2, first via respective position detection signals of the third phase, the second, third, first, second, third semiconductor switching element the position detection signal connected in series with the armature coils of the phase An energization control circuit that conducts only the width and energizes the armature coil,
When the semiconductor switching element is converted into non-conduction at the end of the position detection signal, the magnetic energy accumulated by the armature coil via the diode is transferred from the connection point between the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil to a small-capacity capacitor. The electric circuit that makes the current flowing through the armature coil rapidly drop by charging and holding it, and the armature coil that is energized next time when the magnetic rotor rotates by the set angle detects the position detection signal. When the current is applied for that width, the electrostatic energy accumulated in the small-capacity capacitor is caused to flow into the armature coil at the same time when the current is started, and the rise of the current is made rapid. It is composed of an electric circuit. Second Means In a reluctance type electric motor of three-phase single wave conduction, n pieces (n is 2) arranged at the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic body rotor with the same width and the same separation angle.
(The above positive integer) first salient poles, and 6n second salient poles arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic body rotor that rotates in synchronization with the magnetic body rotor at equal intervals and with equal spacing angles. And the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd slots are mounted with 6n slots arranged at equal intervals on the inner peripheral portion of a cylindrical fixed armature with their phases sequentially shifted by 120 electrical degrees. Phase armature coil, and at least n magnetic poles having a predetermined width and protruding from the inner peripheral portion of the cylindrical magnetic body juxtaposed to the fixed armature at equal spacing angles, and excitation coils mounted on these magnetic poles. , First,
A means for holding each of the second salient poles so as to face the inner peripheral surface of the fixed armature and the magnetic pole of the cylindrical magnetic body through a slight gap, and detecting the rotational position of the first salient pole. , A position detection signal of a first phase separated by 240 degrees in electrical angle and 240 degrees from each other, and a position detection signal of a second phase delayed by 120 degrees in electrical angle and the phase detected by these A position detection device that can obtain a position detection signal of a third phase with an angle of 120 degrees, and a semiconductor switching element that is connected in series to each of the armature coils and excitation coils of the first, second, and third phases. , A DC power supply for supplying the armature coil, the exciting coil, and the semiconductor switching element in series connection, and the first, second, and third phase position detection signals, respectively. -Semiconductor connected in series to the armature coil of An energization control circuit that conducts the switching element by the width of the position detection signal to energize the armature coil, and a magnetic pole that faces the second salient pole by the position detection signal obtained by detecting the position of the second salient pole. An electric circuit that energizes the exciting coil from the point where the salient pole enters and cuts off the energization at a point where the salient poles face each other, and the semiconductor switching element when the semiconductor switching element is converted to non-conduction at the end of the position detection signal. From the connection point between the armature coil and the armature coil, the magnetic energy accumulated by the armature coil is charged into and held by a small-capacity capacitor via the diode, and the electric current is rapidly reduced. Circuit,
When the magnetic rotor rotates by the set angle and the armature coil to be energized next time is energized by the width by the position detection signal, the energization is started at the same time as the small-capacity capacitor described above. An electric circuit that causes the accumulated electrostatic energy to flow into the armature coil to make the rise of the energization current rapid and the energization of the above-mentioned exciting coil to maintain a value corresponding to the energization current of the armature coil. A control circuit and means for adjusting the relative position of the member that generates torque so that the concave portion of the ripple torque of the output torque due to the energization of the armature coil matches the protrusion of the ripple torque due to the energization of the excitation coil. is there. Third means In a reluctance type electric motor of two-phase double-wave conduction,
The first salient poles of n pieces (n is a positive integer of 2 or more) arranged on both sides of the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic body rotor at the same width and at the same spacing angle are synchronized with the magnetic body rotor coaxially. The 4n second salient poles are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating magnetic body rotor at equal spacing angles, and the 4n second salient poles are arranged on the inner peripheral portion of the cylindrical fixed armature at equal spacing angles. Armature coils of the first, second, third, and fourth phases, which are sequentially installed in the slots by shifting their phases by 90 electrical degrees, and the inner circumference of the cylindrical magnetic body juxtaposed to the fixed armature. Of at least n magnetic poles having a predetermined width and projecting at equal spacing angles to each other, the exciting coils mounted on these magnetic poles, and the first and second salient poles, respectively, with a slight gap therebetween. A means for holding the inner peripheral surface of the armature and the magnetic pole of the cylindrical magnetic body so as to face each other, and a rotational position of the first salient pole are detected, so Device for obtaining position detection signals of first, second, third, and fourth phases which are continuous with each other at an angle of 90 degrees, and armature coils of first, second, third, and fourth phases And a DC power supply that supplies power to the series connection body of each of the semiconductor switching element, the armature coil, the excitation coil, and the semiconductor switching element, which are connected in series to each of the excitation coil,
The semiconductor switching elements connected in series to the armature coils of the first, second, third, and fourth phases via the position detection signals of the first, second, third, and fourth phases are used to detect the position detection signals. An energization control circuit that conducts only the width and energizes the armature coil,
A position detection signal obtained by detecting the position of the second salient pole energizes the exciting coil from the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole facing the second salient pole, and energizes at the point where the two salient poles face each other. When the disconnecting electric circuit and the semiconductor switching element are converted to non-conductivity at the end of the position detection signal, the magnetic energy accumulated by the armature coil via the diode from the connection point between the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil. Circuit that rapidly charges the current flowing through the armature coil by charging and holding a small-capacity capacitor, and an armature that is energized next by the magnetic rotor rotating by a set angle. When the coil is energized for its width by the position detection signal, at the same time when the energization is started, the electrostatic energy accumulated in the small-capacity capacitor is caused to flow into the armature coil. And an energizing current control circuit for maintaining the energization of the exciting coil at a value corresponding to the energization of the armature coil, and an electric circuit for making the rise of the energizing current rapid, and a concave portion of ripple torque of output torque due to energization of the armature coil. And a means for adjusting the relative position of the member for generating the torque so that the projections of the ripple torque due to the energization of the exciting coil are matched.

[0004]

In the reluctance type motor, the inductance is large because the magnetic paths of the armature core and the salient poles of the rotor are almost closed by the energization of the armature coil. Therefore, the initial rise of the energization of the armature coil is delayed, and the current drop is extended when the energization is cut off.
Therefore, there is a drawback that high speed rotation is impossible. This drawback is aggravated when a high-output electric motor is used. In the device of the present invention,
When the energization of the armature coil is cut off, the small-capacity capacitor is charged with the magnetic energy of the armature coil to cause a rapid current drop, and the high voltage of the capacitor is used to energize the armature coil next. The rise of electricity is rapid.
Therefore, even a high-power electric motor can be rotated at high speed.

Second Action Since all the salient poles of the rotor contribute to the output torque without stopping, a large output torque can be obtained. Third Action Since all the salient poles of the rotor are magnetically attracted radially outward, vibration is prevented.

Fourth Action If the above-mentioned second action is constructed, the following drawback occurs. That is, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 11, a large ripple torque corresponding to the magnetic pole width is generated. In the device of the present invention, a device having an output torque curve having a protrusion of the ripple torque at the position of the recess of the ripple torque is added to flatten the output torque, thereby eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks.

[0007]

EXAMPLES Next, details of the apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to examples. Since the members with the same symbols in each drawing are the same members, duplicate description will be omitted. In FIG. 2, a cylindrical fixed armature 16 is fixed inside the outer casing 9. Fixed armature 1
6 is made by a well-known means in which silicon steel plates are laminated. Twelve slots are arranged at equal intervals on the inner peripheral surface, and an armature coil is wound and mounted in each slot. Armature coils are wound around the slots 17a and 17d, and are mounted in two slots separated by 180 electrical degrees. All subsequent angle displays shall be electrical angles. Armature coils are also wound around the slots 17b and 17e and the slots 17c and 17f, respectively. The other armature coils have the same configuration. The bearings on both sides of the outer casing 9 have rotating shafts 5
Is rotatably supported, and the magnetic rotor 1 is fixed thereto. The rotor 1 is made of a silicon steel plate laminated body like the fixed armature 16. Salient poles 1a and 1b are provided on the outer circumference of the rotor 1.
Are provided so as to protrude, and the outer circumference faces the magnetic poles 16a, 16b, ... Through a gap of about 0.5 mm.

A developed view of FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. The left side of the dotted line B is a development view of FIG. The rotor is shown as symbol 1 and the fixed armature as symbol 16. In FIG. 3, the armature coil wound around the slots 17a and 17d can be represented as the lowermost armature coil 9a. Slot 17c, 1
The armature coil wound on 7f can be represented as armature coil 9c. Similarly, the other armature coils have the symbol 9b,
It can be displayed as 9d, 9e, and 9f. Armature coil 9
a and 9b are connected in series and supplied from terminals 8a and 8d. Armature coils 9c and 9d and armature coils 9e and 9
f is also connected in series, and terminals 8b and 8e and terminal 8 are
Power is supplied from c and 8f. The armature coils are separated by 120 degrees, and the armature coils 9a and 9b and the armature coils 9c and 9 are separated.
d and armature coils 9e and 9f are armature coils of the first, second and third phases, respectively. When the rotor 1 moves 180 degrees to the left and is stopped, when the first-phase armature coils 9a and 9b are energized, the salient poles 1a and 1b turn into the magnetic pole 16
It is magnetically attracted by a, 16b, 16c and other opposing magnetic poles and rotates in the direction of arrow A. When the armature coils 9c and 9d (the second-phase armature coils) are energized, the energization is stopped when rotated by 120 degrees, and the energization is further rotated to the right. When the armature coils 9e and 9f of the phase are energized, they further rotate to the right. As can be seen from the above description, when the first, second, and third phase armature coils are sequentially energized for a section of 120 degrees, the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A and is a three-phase single-wave reluctance type. Become an electric motor.

A salient pole 1e can be added to form a three salient pole. In this case, the dotted line B moves 360 degrees to the right.
The number of salient poles can be two or more salient poles, and the output torque increases proportionally. In the case of the electric motor of FIG.
Although there are six salient poles 1a, 1b, ..., Two are effective for output torque. According to the means of the present invention, since the output torque can be obtained from the six salient poles, the output torque can be tripled. In the case of the conventional electric motor shown in FIG. 1, the salient pole 1
The fixed armature 16 applies a magnetic attraction force to the arrow 4- by a and 1e.
When it is received and deformed in the directions of 1, 4-4 and rotated by 120 degrees, it is deformed by the attraction force in the directions of arrows 4-2 and 4-5 by the salient poles 1b, 1f, and when it is rotated by 120 degrees next, the arrow 4
It is deformed by the suction force in the directions of -3 and 4-6. Therefore, the fixed armature 16 has a drawback that the direction of deformation changes with rotation and generates vibration. In the device of the present invention, since the attractive force is simultaneously generated in all the salient poles, the fixed armature 16 only produces a compressive force in the same circumferential direction and is not deformed. Therefore, there is an effect that vibration is suppressed. The polarities of the magnetic poles magnetized by the armature coil are magnetized so that the magnetic poles located at axially symmetrical positions in FIG. 2 have different polarities.

Next, the energization control means of the armature coil driven by the fixed armature 16 facing the rotor 1 of FIG. 3 will be described. The armature coils 9a and 9b of FIG. 3 are replaced by armature coils 39a, armature coils 9c and 9d, armature coils 9e,
9f are called armature coils 39b and 39c, respectively. The rotor 3 of FIG. 3 is configured to rotate coaxially with the rotor 1 and is made of a conductor such as aluminum. The salient poles 3a, 3b, 3c ... Have a width of 150 degrees and rotate in the illustrated relative phase. Coils 10a, 10b, 10
c is a position detecting element for detecting the positions of the salient poles 3a, 3b, ..., Fixed to the armature 16 side at the position shown in the drawing, and the coil surface has a gap on the side surface of the salient poles 3a, 3b ,. Are facing through. The coils 10a, 10b, 10c are separated by 120 degrees. The coil is an air-core coil with a diameter of 5 mm and about 30 turns. In FIG. 6, the coils 10a, 10
b and 10c, a device for obtaining a position detection signal is shown. In FIG. 6, a coil 10a, resistors 15a, 1
5b and 15c form a bridge circuit, and are adjusted so as to be balanced when not facing the coil 10a or the salient poles 3a, 3b, .... Therefore, the diode 11a, the capacitor 12a and the diode 11b, the capacitor 1
The outputs of the low-pass filters composed of 2b are equal, and the output of the operational amplifier 13 is at a low level. Reference numeral 10 is an oscillator, which oscillates about 2 megacycles. Coil 1
When 0a faces the salient poles 3a, 3b, ..., Impedance decreases due to copper loss, so that the voltage drop of the resistor 15a becomes large and the output of the operational amplifier 13 becomes high level.

The input of the block circuit 18 is the time chart curves 45a, 45b, ... Of FIG. 13, and the input through the inversion circuit 13a is the inversion of the curves 45a, 45b ,. Block circuits 14a and 14b of FIG.
Shows the same configuration as the above-mentioned block circuit including the coils 10b and 10c, respectively. Oscillator 1
0 can be commonly used. Block circuit 14a
Of the block circuit 18 and the output of the inverting circuit 13b.
, And their output signals are the inversions of the curves 46a, 46b, ... And the curves 46a, 46b ,. The output of the block circuit 14b and the output of the inverting circuit 13c are input to the block circuit 18,
These output signals are represented by curves 47a, 4 in FIG.
7b, ... And the reverse of this. Curve 45a,
The phases of the curves 46a, 46b, ... Are delayed by 120 degrees with respect to 45b, ..., And the phases of the curves 47a, 47b ,.
The block circuit 18 is a circuit commonly used in a control circuit of a three-phase Y-type semiconductor motor, and is a rectangular wave electric signal having a width of 120 degrees from the terminals 18a, 18b, ..., 18f by the input of the position detection signal described above. Is a logic circuit that can be obtained. The outputs of the terminals 18a, 18b, 18c are as shown in FIG.
Curves 49a, 49b, ..., Curves 50a, 50, respectively
b, ..., Curves 51a, 51b ,.
The outputs of the terminals 18d, 18e, and 18f are the curves 5 respectively.
1a, 51b, ..., Curves 52a, 52b, ..., Curve 53
are shown as a, 53b, .... Terminals 18a and 18
d output signal, terminals 18b and 18e output signal, terminal 1
The phase difference between the output signals of 8c and 18f is 30 degrees. Further, the output signals of the terminals 18a, 18b, 18c are sequentially output to 120
The output signals of the terminals 18d, 18e and 18f are also sequentially delayed by 120 degrees. The arrow 44a is 180
The width of the degree is shown, and the arrow 44b shows the width of 150 degree. The means for obtaining the curves 48a, 48b, ...
a, 46b, ... Inverted output and curves 45a, 45b,
When ... is the input of the AND circuit, its output is the curve 48
a, 48b, ... The other lower curves can be obtained by similar means. This means is shown as block circuit 18.

The energizing means of the armature coil will be described below with reference to FIG. Transistors 20a, 20b and 20 are provided at both ends of the armature coils 39a, 39b and 39c, respectively.
c, 20d and 20e, 20f are inserted. The transistors 20a, 20b, 20c, ... Are switching elements and may be other semiconductor elements having the same effect. Power is supplied from the DC power source positive / negative terminals 2a and 2b. When an input signal on the lower side of the AND circuit 41a is at high level and a high-level electric signal is input from the terminal 42a, the transistors 20a and 20b become conductive and the armature coil 39a is energized. Similarly, the terminals 42b, 42
When a high-level electric signal is input from c, the transistors 20c and 20d and the transistors 20e and 20f become conductive, and the armature coils 39b and 39c are energized.
The terminal 40 is a reference voltage for designating the exciting current. The output torque can be changed by changing the voltage of the terminal 40. When a power switch (not shown) is turned on, the input of the negative terminal of the operational amplifier 40b is lower than that of the positive terminal, so the output of the operational amplifier 40b becomes high level, the transistors 20a and 20b become conductive, and the voltage is changed to the armature coil. 39a is applied to the energization control circuit. The resistor 22a is a resistor for detecting the exciting current of the armature coil 39a. Symbol 30a is an absolute value circuit.

The input signal of the terminal 42a is the position detection signals 48a, 48b ... In FIG. 13, and the input signal of the terminals 42b, 42c is the position detection signals 49a, 49b ,.
0b, ... 1 of the position detection signal curve described above
One is shown as a curve 48a in the first stage of the time chart of FIG. The width of this curve 48a is the armature coil 3
9a is energized. The arrow 23a indicates a conduction angle of 120 degrees. In the initial stage of energization, the rise is delayed due to the inductance of the armature coil, and when the energization is cut off, the stored magnetic energy causes the diodes 21a and 21b to turn on when the diode 49a-1 of FIG. 8 is removed. Since it is refluxed to the power supply via the
Descends like the second half of. Since the section where the positive torque is generated is the section of 180 degrees indicated by the arrow 23, the counter torque is generated and the output torque and the efficiency are reduced. At high speeds, this phenomenon becomes extremely large and unusable.

This is because the time width of anti-torque generation does not change even at high speeds, but the time width of the positive torque generation section 23 decreases in proportion to the rotation speed. The above-mentioned circumstances are the same for the energization of the armature coils 39b, 39c by the other position detection signals 49a, 50a. Since the rising of the curve 25 is delayed, the output torque is reduced. That is, a reduction torque is generated. This is because the magnetic path is closed by the magnetic poles and the salient poles, and thus has a large inductance. The reluctance type electric motor has the advantage of generating a large output torque, but has the drawback of not being able to increase the rotation speed because of the above-described generation of the counter torque and the reduced torque. A well-known means for eliminating such a drawback is to advance the phase of the salient pole before entering the magnetic pole and start energizing the armature coil.

When the phase-advancing current is applied, the inductance of the magnetic pole is remarkably small, so that it rapidly rises. However, when the point where the output torque is generated, that is, the salient pole begins to enter the magnetic pole, the inductance rapidly increases and the current also rapidly increases. Descend to. Therefore, there is a drawback that the output torque is reduced. In the case of the forward and reverse operation, there is a drawback that the number of position detecting elements is doubled. The device of the present invention is composed of diodes 49a-1, 49b-1, 49c-1 and a capacitor 47 for preventing backflow shown in FIG.
It is characterized in that the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated by attaching a, 47b, 47c. Curve 36
When the energization is cut off at the end of a, the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil 39a is transferred to the backflow prevention diode 49a.
-1 prevents the diode 21 from flowing back to the DC power supply side.
The capacitor 47a is charged to the polarity shown in FIG. Therefore, the magnetic energy disappears rapidly and the current drops rapidly.

The first stage curve 26 of the time chart of FIG.
Reference numerals a, 26b, and 26c are current curves flowing through the armature coil 39a, and 120 between the dotted lines 26-1 and 26-2 on both sides thereof.
It is a degree. The energizing current rapidly drops as shown by the curve 26b to prevent the generation of anti-torque, and the condenser 47a
Is charged and held at a high voltage. Next, the position signal curve 48
b causes the transistors 20a and 20b to conduct and the armature coil 39a to conduct again. The applied voltage at this time is the charging voltage of the capacitor 47a and the power supply voltage (terminal 2).
(voltages of a and 2b) are added, the armature coil 39
The current of a rises rapidly. This phenomenon causes a rapid rise as shown by the curve 26a. As described above, the generation of the reduced torque and the counter torque is eliminated, and the current is supplied in the shape of a rectangular wave, so that the output torque is increased.

Next, the chopper circuit will be described. When the current of the armature coil 39a increases and the voltage drop of the resistor 22a for detecting it increases and exceeds the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40 (the input voltage of the + terminal of the operational amplifier 40b),
Since the input on the lower side of the AND circuit 41a becomes low level, the transistors 20a and 20b are turned off and the exciting current decreases. Due to the hysteresis characteristic of the operational amplifier 40b, the output of the operational amplifier 40b returns to the high level due to the decrease of a predetermined value, and the transistors 20a, 20
The exciting current is increased by conducting b. By repeating this cycle, the exciting current is maintained at the set value. Curve 2 in FIG.
A section indicated by 6c is a section where chopper control is performed. The height of the curve 26c is regulated by the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40. The armature coil 39b of FIG.
Position detection signal curves 49a, 49b, ...
As a result, the transistors 20c and 20d are turned on by that width, and the operational amplifier 40c, the resistor 22b, the absolute value circuit 30b, and the AND circuit 41b perform chopper control. Diode 49b-1, capacitor 47b
The effect of is also similar to that of the armature coil 39a.
The above-mentioned circumstances are exactly the same for the armature coil 39c, and the position detection signal curves 50a, 5 of FIG.
0b, ... Are input to control the energization of the armature coil 39c. Transistors 20e, 20f, AND circuit 41c, operational amplifier 40d, resistor 22c, absolute value circuit 3
0c, the diode 49c-1, and the capacitor 47c have the same effect as the above-mentioned case.

The energization of each armature coil may be performed either at the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole or at the point where a section of 30 degrees has passed. Coils 10a, 10b, 10c that are position-sensing elements that are adjusted in consideration of rotation speed, efficiency, and output torque
Change the fixed position on the fixed armature side of. As can be understood from the above description, a large output and high-speed rotation can be efficiently performed as a three-phase single-wave electric motor, so that one object of the present invention is achieved. However, since there are large ripples in the output torque, problems remain depending on the purpose of use. The present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned problems are solved by using the three-phase dual-wave power supply.

FIG. 11 is a torque curve in the case of three-phase single wave energization. The horizontal axis shows the rotation angle of the rotor and the vertical axis shows the output torque. Curves 27a, 27b and 27c show the cases where the armature current is 1 amp, 1.5 amp and 2 amp respectively. The rotor diameter is 22 mm, the fixed armature outer diameter is 50 mm, and the length is also 50 mm. The horizontal axis is shown as the angle of rotation. The ripple torque is about 70%. The concave portion of the torque curve is the point where the end of the salient pole enters the slot. The output torque is zero at the left end of the curve 27c, that is, at the zero degree point. Therefore, when the salient pole is in the above position when the power is turned on, it becomes difficult to start. When the armature coil is energized immediately after the protruding portion has passed through the space of the slot, torque in the required direction is obtained, and the above inconvenience is eliminated. 12
However, as described later, a large output torque can be obtained, but on the other hand, there are the above-mentioned drawbacks. Therefore, by adding a device capable of obtaining the output torque indicated by the dotted curve 33 or 33a by three-phase full-wave energization or other means, the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated. This is one purpose of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an output torque curve, where the horizontal axis is the armature current and the vertical axis is the torque. This electric motor has the structure described above. The curve 43 initially has a square curve, and thereafter has a square curve. In the case of a general electric motor, the magnetic flux is saturated at the point of the dotted line 43a and the output torque becomes equal to or less than the dotted line 43a.
Since the torque of the device of the present invention increases linearly thereafter, there is a feature that an output torque about seven times that of other electric motors of the same type can be obtained.

In order to apply the torque indicated by the dotted line 33 in FIG. 11, a three-phase single-wave electric motor in which the salient poles or slots are out of phase by an odd multiple of 30 degrees may be attached with a common rotating shaft. Next, the means will be described. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the overall structure. In FIG. 5, the outer peripheral bent portion of the circular side plate 25-2 is fitted to the right side of the metal outer casing (cylindrical) 25-1, and the ball bearings 29 provided in the central portions on both sides.
The rotary shaft 5 is rotatably supported on the a and 29b. The rotor 1 is fixed to the rotating shaft 5 via a support 5-1.
The salient poles (not shown) of the rotor 1 have the same structure as the salient poles of the rotor 1 of FIG. The shin fixed armature C whose magnetic pole faces the salient pole is fixed inside the outer casing 25-1 and has the same structure as the fixed armature 16 of FIGS. 2 and 3. On the right side surface of the rotor 1, a rotor 3 made of aluminum having a protrusion of the same outer peripheral portion is fixed and rotates in synchronization with the rotor 1. Since the coils 10a, 10b, 10c are opposed to each other on the outer peripheral portion, the position detection signal shown in FIG. 13 can be obtained as described above with reference to FIG.

The fixed armatures C and C-1 are in the same phase and the outer casing 2
The rotor 1 is fixed to 5-1 and has the same configuration as the rotor 1 and is synchronously rotated with the phase shifted by 30 degrees relative to the salient poles of the rotor 1 (rotated by 30 degrees around the axial direction). . The magnetic poles of the stationary armatures C and C-1 face the outer circumferential salient poles of the rotor via a gap. The armature coils of the magnetic poles of the fixed armature C-1 have three phases.
e, 39f. Armature coils 39d, 39e,
The position detection signals 51a, 51b, ..., 52a, 52b, ..., 53 of FIG.
a, 53b, ... through armature coils 39d, 39e,
By controlling the energization of 39f, the motor can be operated as a three-phase single-wave energization motor. Fixed armature C, C-
Both of them make a three-phase full-wave electric motor.

The above-mentioned fixed armature C-1 is shown as symbol 16 in FIG. 3, the rotor is shown as symbol 1 , and the salient poles are shown as symbols 1a , 1b , 1c , .... The salient poles 1a , 1b , 1c , ... Rotate in synchronization with the salient poles 1a, 1b, 1c ,. Even if the salient poles are in phase with each other and the phases of the fixed armatures 16 and 16 are shifted by 30 degrees, the same purpose can be achieved. Since the fixed armature 16 has the same structure as the fixed armature 16, the fixed armature 16 is shown by dotted lines. When the number of salient poles is three or more, the fixed armature is also extended corresponding to the right side of the dotted line B. By performing the three-phase full-wave energization as described above, the torque shown by the curve 33 is added to each of the concave portions of the output torque curve 27c in FIG. 11, so that the combined torque curve is flattened and the defects are eliminated. . The phase difference between the curves 27c and 33 is 30 degrees.

Next, another means for removing the ripple torque will be described with reference to FIG. Items having the same symbols as those in FIG. The only difference is that only one armature 16 and three-phase single-wave conduction are used, and one rotor is also designated by the symbol 1. The rotor 4 is made of a magnetic material and is configured to rotate synchronously with the rotor 1 coaxially. The salient poles 4a, 4b, ... is doing. The fixed armature 6 is coaxially adjacent to the fixed armature 16 and is fixed inside the outer casing. Magnetic poles 6a, 6b are projected inside the fixed armature 6 and face the salient poles 4a, 4b, ... Through a gap. The stationary armature 6 and the rotor 4 are made of a silicon steel plate laminated body.
Exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 are wound around the magnetic poles 6a and 6b and excited so that they have different polarities. Magnetic poles 6a, 6b
Has a width of 30 degrees, which is the same as the number of salient poles 1a, 1b, .... Further, the number may be twice as many as the salient poles 1a and 1b.

As in the previous embodiment, the number of salient poles 1a, 1b is increased by extending to the right of the dotted line B, and correspondingly, salient poles 4a, 4 are also provided.
.. and the number of magnetic poles 6a, 6b can be increased. The output torque curve of the fixed armature 16 and the rotor 1 becomes the curve 27c of FIG. 11 as described above, and there is ripple torque. The torque curve formed by the salient poles 4a, 4b, ... In FIG. 4 is a curve 2 as shown by a dotted curve 33a.
Since there is a protrusion in the concave portion of 7c, the output torque is flattened. Salient poles 1a, 1b, ... And salient pole 4 in FIG.
The relative phases of a, 4b, ..., Magnetic poles 6a, 6b, and fixed armature 16 must be set so as to satisfy the conditions for removing the above-described ripple torque. Two more magnetic poles can be arranged between the magnetic poles 6a and 6b. In this case, since the peak value of the torque indicated by the curve 33 in FIG. 11 becomes large, the length of the magnetic poles 6a, 6b, ...
Can be ranked second. Therefore, there is an effect that the length of the electric motor can be shortened. For example, the fixed armature C-1 shown in FIG.
If the fixed armature 6 is used and the rotor 1 is the rotor 4 of FIG. 4, the width of the arrow 29d is about half of the width of the arrow 29c. Therefore, shorten the length in the direction of the rotating shaft 5. You can
Increasing the ampere turns of the exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 has the effect of further shortening the length.

The energization control means for the exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 8, the exciting coil 6-
1, 6-2 are connected in series or in parallel, and transistors 20g, 20h and a diode 49d-1 are provided at both ends thereof.
Are connected. The resistor 22d, the absolute value circuit 30d, the operational amplifier 40e, and the capacitor 47d have the same configuration as that of the energization control of the armature coils 39a, 39b, and 39c described above, respectively, and the same effects. The block circuit D is shown in FIG.
In the position detecting device for salient poles 4a, 4b, ..., A coil 10d for position detection having a small diameter faces the side surfaces of salient poles 4a, 4b ,. It is configured. Therefore, with the same configuration as the circuit of FIG. 6, the width of the output of the operational amplifier corresponding to the operational amplifier 13 becomes the width of the salient poles 4a, 4b, ... And this output becomes the input of the AND circuit 41d of FIG. Since the other one input is the output of the operational amplifier 40e, it becomes the energizing current of the exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 corresponding to the voltage of the reference voltage source 40. It is preferable to adjust such that the peak value of the torque curve due to the energized current, that is, the peak value of the dotted line 33a in FIG. 11 has the same height as the peak value of the curve 27c.

In FIG. 8, energization is controlled by the transistors provided at both ends of the armature coil, but the present invention can be implemented by using only one transistor on the negative voltage side of the armature coil. This will be described with reference to FIG. Figure 9
At the lower ends of the armature coils 39a, 39b and 39c, the transistors 20a, 20b and 20c are respectively provided.
Has been inserted. Transistors 20a, 20b, 20
c is a switching element and may be another semiconductor element having the same effect. DC power supply positive / negative terminals 2a, 2b
More power is being supplied. In this embodiment, since the transistors 20a, 20b, 20c are located at the lower end of the armature coil, that is, the power supply negative electrode side, the input circuit for conduction control thereof is characterized by being simplified.

From the terminals 42a, 42b and 42c, as shown in FIG.
Position detection signal curves 48a, 48b, ..., Curve 49a,
49b, ..., Curves 50a, 50b ,. By the input signal described above, the transistors 20a, 20b,
20c receives the base input via the AND circuits 41a, 41b, 41c and is conductive, and the armature coils 39a, 3c
9b and 39c are conducted. The terminal 40 is a reference voltage for designating the exciting current. The output torque can be changed by changing the voltage of the terminal 40. When the power switch (not shown) is turned on, the input of the negative terminal of the operational amplifier 40b is lower than that of the positive terminal, so the output of the operational amplifier 40b becomes high level and the transistor 20a.
Becomes conductive and a voltage is applied to the energization control circuit of the armature coil. The resistor 22 and the absolute value circuit 30a are devices for detecting the armature currents of the armature coils 39a, 39b, 39c.

In the present embodiment, the following means are adopted in order to prevent the occurrence of the above-mentioned counter torque and torque reduction and to achieve high speed and high torque. A small capacity capacitor 47a and diode 21a and semiconductor elements 19a, 34a, 34b of FIG. 9 are attached to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, and a switching element (symbols 20a, 20b, 20 for controlling energization of an armature coil).
This is characterized in that only one c) is used on the negative voltage side of the power supply. When the energization is cut off at the end of the position detection signal curve 36a, the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil 39a does not flow back to the DC power supply side, but goes to the diode 21.
The capacitor 47a is charged to the polarity shown in FIG. Therefore, the magnetic energy disappears rapidly and the current drops rapidly.

The first stage curve 26 of the time chart of FIG.
Reference numerals a, 26b, and 26c denote current curves flowing through the armature coil 39a, and 120 between the dotted lines 26-1 and 26-2 on both sides of the current curve.
It is a degree. The energizing current rapidly drops as shown by the curve 26b to prevent the generation of anti-torque, and the condenser 47a
Is charged and held at a high voltage. Armature coil 39b,
An energization control circuit having the same configuration as that of the armature coil 39a is used for 39c, which are shown as block circuits G and H. Therefore, the anti-torque generation described above is prevented. Next, the position signal curve 48b causes the transistor 20a to conduct and the armature coil 39a to conduct again. At this time, the applied voltage is both the charging voltage of the capacitor 47a and the power supply voltage (voltage of the terminals 2a and 2b). Therefore, the current of the armature coil 39a rises rapidly. This phenomenon causes a rapid rise as shown by the curve 26a. The reason for this will be described below. The block circuit 4 of FIG. 9 obtains a differential pulse at the starting end of the position detection signal 48b, and a monostable circuit having this as an input obtains an electric pulse of a very small width. Since the transistors 34b, 34a and the SCR 19a are turned on by this electric pulse, the high voltage of the capacitor 47a is applied to the armature coil 39a to make the rising current rapid, and thereafter, the voltage of the DC power supply causes the curve 26a (FIG. 7) to change. Electric current is obtained. Upon completion of discharging the capacitor 47a, the SCR 19a is converted to non-conduction. As described above, the generation of the reduced torque and the counter torque is eliminated, and the current is supplied in the shape of a rectangular wave, so that the output torque is increased. Other armature coils 39b, 39c
The energization control of is also performed in exactly the same manner, and the effect thereof is also the same.

Next, the chopper circuit will be described. When the exciting current of the armature coil 39a increases, the voltage of the resistor 22 and the insulation value circuit 30a for detecting it increases, and exceeds the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40 (the input voltage of the + terminal of the operational amplifier 40b), Since the input on the lower side of the AND circuit 41a becomes low level, the transistor 20a is turned off and the exciting current decreases. Due to the hysteresis characteristic of the operational amplifier 40b, the output of the operational amplifier 40b returns to the high level due to the decrease of the predetermined value, the transistor 20a is turned on, and the exciting current increases. Repeat this cycle,
The exciting current is held at the set value. The section indicated by the curve 26c in FIG. 7 is the section where the chopper control is performed. The height of the curve 26c is regulated by the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40. The armature coil 39b of FIG. 9 has position detection signal curves 49a, 49b, ...
It is energized by conduction of the transistor 20b of that width, and the operational amplifier 40b, the resistor 22, the absolute value circuit 30a,
Chopper control is performed by the AND circuit 41b. The above-mentioned circumstances are exactly the same for the armature coil 39c, and the position detection signal curves 50a, 5 of FIG.
0b, ... Are input to control the energization of the armature coil 39c. A transistor 20c, an AND circuit 41c,
The operational effects of the operational amplifier 40b, the resistor 22, and the absolute value circuit 30a are exactly the same as those described above. Condenser 47
As for a, since the charging voltage becomes higher when the capacity is smaller, the rising and falling of the energization curve can be made faster, and a high-speed motor can be obtained, which is a drawback of the reluctance motor being low speed. Can be removed. It is preferable to use a capacitor having a small capacity as long as the charging voltage does not damage the transistor of the circuit.

The block circuit J includes exciting coils 6-1 and 6-.
2 is an electric circuit for controlling energization of the exciting coil 6 of FIG.
This is the same as the energization control circuits -1 and 6-2. Therefore, there is an effect of removing the ripple torque, and the object of the present invention is achieved. Next, details of the armature coil energization control circuit of the device of the present invention by the three-phase full-wave energization described in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 10, terminals 42a, 42b, 4
Position detection signals input from 2c are curves 48a, 48b, ..., Curves 49a, 49b, ..., Curves 50a, 50b ,. When there is an input from the terminal 42a, the transistor 20a becomes conductive through the AND circuit 41a and the energization of the armature coil 39a is started. After that, the resistor 22, the absolute value circuit 30a, and the operational amplifier 40b act as a chopper to operate the terminal 40. The energizing current value corresponding to the reference voltage is controlled. When the input to the terminal 42a disappears, the transistor 20a is turned off, and the magnetic energy of the armature coil 39a charges the capacitor 47a via the diodes 21a and 33a to a high voltage. Even when there is a chopper action as described above, the condenser 4
Since 7a is charged, its magnetic energy is added to raise the charging voltage of the capacitor 47a. This voltage must be adjusted according to the withstand voltage of the transistor used.

The input of the terminal 42b causes the transistor 2
Even when 0b is turned on, energization control is performed by the chopper action, and when it is turned off, the magnetic energy of the armature coil 39b charges the capacitor 47b to a high voltage via the diodes 21b and 33b. Even when the transistor 20c is turned on by the input of the terminal 42c, energization control is performed by the chopper action, and when the transistor 20c is turned off, the magnetic energy of the armature coil 39c increases the capacitor 47c via the diodes 21c and 33c. Charge to voltage. At the initial stage of the input of the terminal 42c, the block circuit 4
Since the transistors 34b, 34a and the SCR 19a are conducted through the output of (the circuit including the monostable circuit via the differential pulse), the high voltage of the capacitor 47a is applied to the armature coil 39c to make the rise of the current rapid. . The electric pulses obtained at the initial stage of the input of the terminals 42a and 42b are input to the terminals 19d and 19e by the same means. Therefore, the high voltage of the capacitors 47b and 47c is applied to the armature coils 39a and 39b, and the rise of energization is made rapid. As can be understood from the above description, it is possible to obtain a high-efficiency electric motor that is free from the occurrence of counter torque and torque reduction as in the previous embodiment.

The armature coils 39d, 39e and 39f are the armature coils of the first, second and third phases mounted on the fixed armature 16 of FIG. 3, and the block circuit 39 is the armature coil 3
The electric circuit has exactly the same configuration as 9a, 39b, 39c, and energization control is performed by the position detection input of terminals 42d, 42e, 42f. The inputs of the terminals 42d, 42e, 42f are the curves 51a, 51b, ..., The curves 52a, 52b, ..., The curves 53a, 53b ,. Is performed. The armature coils 39d, 39d, 39c,
Since the output torques due to the energization of e and 39f are delayed by 30 degrees, the effect of removing the ripple torque can be obtained as described above with reference to FIG.

Next, an embodiment in which the means of the present invention is used for a reluctance type electric motor of two-phase double-wave conduction will be described. Figure 1
4 is a plan view of the fixed armature and the rotor. In FIG. 14, symbol 1 is a rotor, and the salient poles 1a and 1b have a width of 18
They are arranged at an equal pitch with a phase difference of 360 degrees at 0 degrees (90 degrees in mechanical angle). The rotor 1 is made by a well-known means in which silicon steel plates are laminated. Symbol 5 is a rotation axis. The fixed armature 16 is provided with eight slots at equal spacing angles, and symbols 17a, 17b, ...
Indicated by. Reference numeral 9 is a cylinder serving as an outer casing. One coil is wound around each of the slots 17a and 17c and the slots 17e and 17g, and the two coils are connected in series or in parallel to form a first-phase armature coil. In this embodiment, they are connected in series. Slot 17
1 for b, 17d and slots 17f, 17h
One coil is wound and the two coils are connected in series to form a second phase armature coil. Slot 17c, 1
One coil is wound around each of 7e and the slots 17g and 17a, and the two coils are connected in series to form a third-phase armature coil. One coil is wound in each of the slots 17d and 17f and the slots 17h and 17b and connected in series to form a fourth-phase armature coil. Generally, a two-phase electric motor is composed of armature coils of the first and second phases, but considering that each phase is energized with a phase difference of 180 degrees, the first phase is a set of two. Therefore, the second phase also becomes a pair of two armature coils. These are referred to as armature coils of the first, third and second and fourth phases. The order of energization is in the order of the first phase → the second phase → the third phase → the fourth phase of the armature coil, and this is repeated to obtain the output torque.

The arrow A indicates the direction of rotation of the rotor 1, and the salient pole 1
The widths of a and 1b are 90 degrees in mechanical angle, and are separated by the same angle. FIG. 15 is a development view of the rotor 1 and the armature coil. In FIG. 15, armature coils 9a and 9b are the first-phase armature coils described above, and armature coils 9c and 9d and armature coils 9e and 9f and armature coils 9g and 9h are respectively the above-described second armature coils. , 3rd and 4th phase armature coils are shown. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th
The lead-out terminals of the armature coil of the phase are symbols 8a, 8e and 8
b, 8f and 8c, 8g and 8d, 8h. The fixed armature 16 is also made of a silicon steel plate laminated body like the rotor 1. Slots in which the armature coils of the first, second, third, and fourth phases are mounted are indicated by symbols 17a and 17 in FIG.
b, ..., and the corresponding magnetic poles are represented by symbols 16a, 16b,
Shown as ...

The armature coils of the first, second, third, and fourth phases described above are hereinafter referred to as armature coil 32a, armature coil 32b, armature coil 32c, and armature coil 3, respectively.
2d. When the armature coil 32c is energized, the salient poles 1a and 1b are attracted and the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A. When rotated 90 degrees, the armature coil 32c
Is turned off and the armature coil 32d is turned on. When the armature coil 32d further rotates by 90 degrees, the energization of the armature coil 32d is cut off and the armature coil 32a is energized. The energization mode is cyclically alternated every 90 degrees of rotation, and the armature coil 32a → the armature coil 32b → the armature coil 32c → the armature coil 32d → is driven as a two-phase full-wave motor. At this time, the magnetic poles at the axially symmetrical positions are N, S
It is magnetized to the pole. Since the two excited magnetic poles are always of different polarities, the leakage magnetic fluxes passing through the non-excited magnetic poles are in opposite directions to each other, thus preventing generation of anti-torque.

The coils 10a and 10b are salient poles 1a and 1b.
Of the salient poles 1a, 1b, which is fixed to the armature 16 side at the position shown in the figure by a position detecting element for detecting the position of
It faces the side surface of the through gap. Coils 10a, 1
0b are separated by 90 degrees. The coil is an air-core coil with a diameter of 5 mm and about 30 turns. FIG. 16 shows an apparatus for obtaining a position detection signal from the coils 10a and 10b. In FIG. 16, the coil 10a and the resistor 15
a, 15b, 15c become a bridge circuit, and the coil 10
It is adjusted so as to be in equilibrium when it does not face a or the salient poles 1a and 1b. Therefore, the outputs of the low-pass filter composed of the diode 11a, the capacitor 12a and the diode 11b, the capacitor 12b are equal, and the output of the operational amplifier 13 is at a low level. Reference numeral 10 is an oscillator, which oscillates about 1 megacycle. When the coil 10a faces the salient poles 1a, 1b, ..., Impedance decreases due to iron loss (eddy current loss and hysteresis loss), so that the voltage drop of the resistor 15a becomes large and the output of the operational amplifier 13 becomes high level.

The inputs of the block circuit 18 are the time chart curves 56a, 56b, ... Of FIG. 18, and the inputs via the inversion circuit 13a are the curves 58a, 58b ,. The block circuit 14a shown in FIG. 16 has the same configuration as the above-described circuit including the coil 10b. The oscillator 10 can be commonly used. The output of the block circuit 14a and the output of the inverting circuit 13b are input to the block circuit 18, and their output signals are shown by curves 57a and 57 in FIG.
, and curve 5 that is the reverse of curves 57a, 57b ,.
9a, 59b, ... The curves 57a, 57b, ... Are 90 degrees out of phase with the curves 56a, 56b ,.
The curves 56a, 56b, ... And the curves 59a, 59b ,.
The outputs of the AND circuit, which has two inputs, are the curves 60a, 60
, and curves 56a, 56b, ... And curves 57a,
The outputs of the AND circuit having 57b, ... As two inputs are curves 61a, 61b ,. Curve 62 by the same means
, and curves 63a, 63b, ... Are obtained.
The circuit described above is shown as block circuit 18 and is connected to terminal 1
The outputs of 8a, 18b, ... Are curves 60a, 60, respectively.
b, ... And the signal shown by the lower curve. Coil 1
The same purpose can be achieved by using aluminum plates of the same shape instead of the rotors 1 of 0a and 10b facing each other in FIG.

The energizing means of the armature coil will be described below with reference to FIG. Armature coils 32a, 32b, 32c, 3
At the lower end of 2d, transistors 20a, 20
b, 20c, 20d are inserted. Transistor 2
0a, 20b, 20c and 20d serve as switching elements and may be other semiconductor elements having the same effect.
Power is supplied from the DC power source positive / negative terminals 2a and 2b. In this embodiment, the transistors 20a, 20b, 20
Since c and 20d are located on the lower end of the armature coil, that is, on the negative electrode side of the power supply, the input circuit for conduction control thereof is characterized by being simplified.

Details will be described below with reference to FIG. Terminal 4
2a, 42b, 42c, 42d, position detection signal curves 60a, 60b, ..., Curves 61a, 61b, of FIG.
..., curves 62a, 62b, ..., curves 63a, 63b, ...
Is entered. By the input signal described above, the transistors 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d are turned on by the AND circuit 41a,
The base input is obtained through 41b, 41c, and 41d to conduct, and the armature coils 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32 are connected.
d is energized. Terminal 40 is a reference voltage for designating the armature current. The output torque can be changed by changing the voltage of the terminal 40. When the power switch (not shown) is turned on, the input of the positive terminal of the operational amplifier 40b is lower than that of the negative terminal, so the operational amplifier 40b
Output becomes low level, and the input of the inverting circuit 28b also becomes low level, so that output becomes high level, the transistor 20a becomes conductive, and the voltage is applied to the armature coil conduction control circuit. The resistor 22 is an armature coil 32a,
These are resistors for detecting the armature currents of 32b, 32c and 32d. The block circuits K, L, M are armature coils 3
A circuit for controlling energization of 2b, 32c, 32d, which has the same configuration as the circuit of the armature coil 32a is shown.

In the reluctance type motor, the armature current rises at the beginning of the position detection signal, and the armature current falls at the end. The former is reduced torque and the latter is counter torque. This is because the magnetic path is closed by the magnetic poles and the salient poles, and thus has a large inductance. The reluctance type electric motor has the advantage of generating a large output torque, but has the drawback of not being able to increase the rotation speed because of the above-described generation of the counter torque and the reduced torque. The device of the present invention comprises diodes 49a-1, 49b-1, ... For preventing backflow shown in FIG. 17, and a small-capacity capacitor 47a and diodes 21a, 21.
d and semiconductor elements 34a, 34b, 19a, etc. are attached to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, and switching elements (symbols 20a, 20b, 20c, 20 for controlling energization of the armature coil).
It is characterized in that only one d) is used on the negative voltage side of the power supply. In this embodiment, the terminals 42a, 42b, ...
The position detection signal inputted to the curve 60a, 60b, ..., Curves 61a, 61b, ..., Curve 6 in FIG.
2a, 62b, ..., Curves 63a, 63b ,. When the energization is cut off at the end of the input signal curve 60a at the terminal 42a, the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil 32a charges the capacitor 47a to the polarity shown in the figure via the diode 21a, and this is charged to a high voltage. And Therefore,
The magnetic energy disappears rapidly and the current drops rapidly.

The next position detection signal curve 60b is the terminal 42a.
Is input to the armature coil 32a, the transistor 20a is turned on and the armature coil 32a is turned on. Block circuit 4 is curve 60
Since it is composed of a monostable circuit which is energized by the differential pulse at the starting point of b, the electric pulse at the starting point of the input of the terminal 42a causes the transistors 34b, 34a, SCR
19a conducts, the high voltage of the capacitor 47a is applied to the armature coil 32a, and the rise of energization is made rapid.
The above-described discharge current of the capacitor 47a is prevented from flowing back to the DC power supply side by the backflow prevention diode 49a-1.

When the armature coil 32a is energized,
Charging voltage and power supply voltage of the capacitor 47a (terminals 2a, 2
Both the voltage (b) and the applied voltage become applied voltages, so that the current of the armature coil 32a rises rapidly. The rising energization curve becomes slower in the middle. This is because when the magnetic energy moves between the armature coils, it is converted into heat energy by the copper loss of the coils and the iron loss of the magnetic poles and disappears.
Means for removing such inconvenience will be described later. As described above, the generation of the reduced torque and the counter torque is eliminated, and the current is supplied in the shape of a rectangular wave, so that the output torque is increased. The block circuits K, L and M are armature coils 32b,
The energization control circuits 32c and 32d have the same configuration as that of the armature coil 32a described above, and have the same operation and effect. The armature coils 32b, 32c, 32d have terminals 42
18, the curves 61a, 61b, ..., The curves 62a, 62b, ... And the curves 63a, 63b, ... As the input position detection signals of b, 42c, 42d, the sequential energization control with a width of 90 degrees is performed.

Next, the chopper circuit will be described. When the current of the armature coil 32a increases and the voltage drop of the resistor 22 for its detection increases, and exceeds the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40 (the input voltage of the negative terminal of the operational amplifier 40b), the output of the operational amplifier 40b is output. Since it is converted to a high level, a differentiation pulse is obtained from the differentiation circuit 28c and the monostable circuit 28a
Is activated to obtain a pulsed electric signal of a predetermined width. Since the output of the inverting circuit 28b is converted to the low level by its width, the output of the AND circuit 41a is also converted to the low level by the same width, and the transistor 20a is also converted to the non-conduction by that width. Therefore, the current of the armature coil (armature current) drops and charges the capacitor 47a via the diode 21a. When the output signal of the monostable circuit 28a disappears, the outputs of the inverting circuit 28b and the AND circuit 41a are converted to the high level again, the transistor 20a becomes conductive, and the armature current starts to increase. When the armature current exceeds the set value, the output of the operational amplifier 40b is converted to the high level again, the transistor 20a is converted to the non-conductive state by the output pulse width of the monostable circuit 28a, and the armature current drops. The chopper circuit repeats such a cycle, and the armature current has a current value regulated by the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40. The constant speed control can also be performed by a known means for controlling the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40 with a voltage proportional to the rotation speed.

When there is the above-mentioned chopper action, the capacitor 47a is output by the number of output pulses of the monostable circuit 28a.
Is repeatedly charged, the voltage rises, and electrostatic energy is accumulated. At the end of the position detection signal, the transistor 20a
Is turned off, all the magnetic energy of the armature coil 32a is charged in the capacitor 47a. The electrostatic energy of the capacitor 47a is further added with electrostatic energy corresponding to the chopper frequency and the fall time of the armature current. Due to such electrostatic energy, a current rises when the armature coil 32a is next energized, so that the above-mentioned energy loss due to copper loss of the armature coil and iron loss of the magnetic poles can be compensated. Therefore, the armature current rises rapidly,
It becomes almost a rectangular wave, and has the effect of increasing the output torque. The capacitance of the capacitor 47a, the frequency of the chopper current, and the output pulse width of the monostable circuit 28a need to be adjusted so as to have the above-mentioned effects. Armature coil 3
2b, 32c and 32d are also AND circuits 41b, 41c and 4
The 1d transistors 20b, 20c and 20d similarly perform chopper control of the armature current.

The armature coil may be energized at any point up to 45 degrees from the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole.
Adjustment is performed in consideration of the rotation speed, efficiency, and output torque, and the positions of the coils 10a and 10b serving as position detection elements fixed to the fixed armature side are changed. As can be understood from the above description, a large output and a high speed rotation can be performed efficiently, so that the object of the present invention is achieved. Since the charging voltage of the capacitor 41a is higher when the capacity is smaller, the rising and falling of the energization curve can be made rapid, and a high-speed rotating electric motor can be obtained, which is a low speed which is a drawback of the reluctance type electric motor. The defects can be eliminated. It is preferable to use a capacitor having a small capacity as long as the charging voltage does not damage the transistor of the circuit.

The graph of FIG. 19 is an output torque curve due to energization of the two-phase reluctance motor. Since the energization of the armature coil is alternated every 90 degrees of rotation, the curves 54a,
As shown in 54b, there is a defect that a concave portion is generated in the torque curve at the alternate point. This drawback is eliminated by the means of the present invention. The details will be described below. In FIG. 15, a rotor 4 coaxially rotating with the rotor 1 is provided. Salient poles 4a, 4b, ... Are projected on the rotor 4 and are made of a silicon steel plate laminate. The fixed armature 6 is fixed to the outer casing so as to be juxtaposed with the fixed armature 16, and magnetic poles 6a and 6b are provided so as to project inside and the exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 are wound. The fixed armature 6 is also made by the same means as the fixed armature 16.
The salient poles 4a, 4b, ... Have a width of 18 degrees and are separated from each other by 27 degrees. The energizing means for the exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 is the same as in the previous embodiment, and the exciting coils 6-1 and 6- described above with reference to FIG.
Two energization control means are used. This means is shown as block circuit J in FIG. Salient poles 4a, 4b, ...
Magnetic poles 6a, 6b generated when the rotor rotates in the direction of arrow A
The relative positions of the respective members are adjusted so that the torque due to (3) has a peak value at the point of the concave portion of the torque curve 54b in FIG. 19, that is, the torque curve indicated by the dotted line 55. Therefore, the resultant torque curve becomes flat and the object of the present invention is achieved. Even if the number of salient poles is three or more, the present invention can be implemented by the same means.

[0048]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION First Effect The output torque is about 10 times as high as that of the induction motor of the same shape, and a rotation speed of up to about 20,000 revolutions per minute can be obtained if necessary. As compared with the well-known reluctance type electric motor shown in FIG. 1, vibration is reduced and rotation is smooth. Second effect The output torque characteristic becomes flat.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fixed armature and a rotor of a conventional reluctance motor.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fixed armature and a rotor of a three-phase reluctance motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a development view of a rotor, a fixed armature, and an armature coil of a three-phase reluctance motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a development view of a rotor, a stationary armature, and an armature coil of another embodiment of a three-phase reluctance type electric motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an electric circuit diagram for obtaining a position detection signal of a three-phase reluctance motor.

FIG. 7 is a graph of torque corresponding to a position detection signal.

FIG. 8: Energization control circuit diagram of three-phase reluctance type motor

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of an energization control circuit for a three-phase reluctance motor.

FIG. 10 is an energization control circuit diagram of a reluctance type motor with three-phase dual-wave energization.

FIG. 11 is a graph of an output torque curve of a three-phase reluctance motor.

FIG. 12 is a graph of current flowing and output torque of a reluctance motor.

FIG. 13 is a time chart of a position detection signal curve of a three-phase reluctance motor.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a fixed armature and a rotor of a two-phase double-wave reluctance motor.

FIG. 15 is a development view of a rotor, a fixed armature, and an armature coil of a two-phase double-wave reluctance motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an electric circuit diagram for obtaining a position detection signal of a two-phase double-wave reluctance motor.

FIG. 17 is a conduction control circuit diagram of a two-phase double-wave reluctance motor.

FIG. 18 is a time chart of a position detection signal curve of a two-phase double-wave reluctance motor.

FIG. 19 is a graph of an output torque curve of a two-phase double-wave reluctance motor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1a, 1b, ... Rotor and salient poles 5 Rotating shafts 9, 25-1, 25-2 Outer housing 16, 16 , 6 Fixed armatures 16a, 16b, ... Magnetic poles 17a-1, 17a-2 ,. 9a, 9b, ..., 39
a, 39b, ..., 32a, 32b, ... Armature coils 17a, 17b, ... Slots 3, 1 , 4, 3a, 3b, ..., 1a , 1b , ..., 4a,
4b, ... Rotor and salient pole 10a, 10b, 10c Position detection coil 6,6a, 6b Fixed armature and magnetic pole C, C-1 Fixed armature 10 Oscillator 18, 14a, 14b Block circuit 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d Absolute value circuit 40-1, D, G, H, J, 39, K, L, M block circuit 6-1, 6-2 Excitation coil 27a, 27b, 27c, 33, 33a, 54a, 54
b, 55, 43 Torque curve 40 Reference voltage terminal

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. In a reluctance type electric motor of three-phase dual-wave conduction, n (n is a positive integer of 2 or more) arranged at both sides of an outer peripheral surface of a magnetic rotor with an equal width and an equal separation angle. The first and second salient poles and the 6n slots arranged at equal intervals on the inner circumferential portion of the cylindrical first fixed armature are sequentially mounted by shifting their phases by 120 degrees in terms of electrical angle. First done
The armature coils of the second and third phases and the first fixed armature have exactly the same configuration, and the slots have a phase of 12 electrical degrees.
The positions of the slots of the first and second fixed armatures and the second fixed armature on which the first , second , and third phase armature coils are mounted are sequentially shifted by 0 degrees, a first, second, armature coils of the third phase of the corresponding, first, second,
The relative positions of the three- phase armature coils are arranged so as to be offset by an odd multiple of 30 degrees in electrical angle, or these are in phase and the positions of the first salient pole and the second salient pole facing each other are set to 30. The means for arranging them by an odd number of degrees and the rotational position of the first salient pole are detected so that they are 240 degrees apart from each other with a width of 120 degrees in electrical angle.
Of the first phase position detection signal and the second phase position detection signal which are 120 degrees out of phase from each other and the third phase phase of which the electrical phase is 120 degrees out of phase. Positions at which the phase detection signals of the first , second , and third phases are obtained, whose phases are an odd multiple of 30 electrical degrees from the position detection signal and the position detection signals of the first , second , and third phases Detector, first, second, third, first , first
2 , a semiconductor switching element connected in series to each of the armature coils of the third phase, a DC power supply for supplying the series connection body of the armature coil and the semiconductor switching, first, second, third, first, second, first via respective position detection signals of the third phase, the second, third, first, second, third
An energization control circuit that energizes the armature coil by energizing the armature coil by conducting the semiconductor switching element connected in series to the armature coil of phase No. 1 and the semiconductor switching element is turned off at the end of the position detection signal. At this time, from the connection point between the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil, the magnetic energy accumulated by the armature coil is charged into and held by the small-capacity capacitor via the diode, and the current is supplied to the armature coil. When the magnetic rotor rotates by the set angle and the armature coil to be energized next time is energized by the width by the position detection signal, the energization is started. At the same time, the electrostatic energy stored in the above-mentioned small-capacity capacitor is made to flow into the armature coil to make the rise of the energizing current rapid. Reluctance type motor characterized in that it is more configuration and circuit. 2. In a reluctance type electric motor of three-phase single-wave energization, n first protrusions (n is a positive integer of 2 or more) arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor with an equal width and an equal separation angle. Of the pole, 6n second salient poles arranged at the same angle as the outer circumference of the magnetic body rotor that rotates in synchronization with the magnetic body rotor in a synchronous manner, and the cylindrical fixed armature. The phase is 1 electrical angle in 6n slots arranged at equal intervals on the circumference.
The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, which were installed by shifting them by 20 degrees
Phase armature coil, and at least n magnetic poles of a predetermined width that are protruded at equal spacing angles from the inner circumferential portion of the cylindrical magnetic body that is juxtaposed to the fixed armature, and the excitation coils attached to these A means for holding each of the first and second salient poles so as to face the inner peripheral surface of the fixed armature and the magnetic pole of the cylindrical magnetic body through a slight gap, and the rotation of the first salient pole. The position is detected and the electrical angle is 120 degrees and 240
Of the first phase position detection signal and the second phase position detection signal which are 120 degrees out of phase from each other and the third phase phase of which the electrical phase is 120 degrees out of phase. A position detection device that obtains a position detection signal, a semiconductor switching element serially connected to each of the first, second, and third phase armature coils and excitation coils, and each of the armature coils and excitation coils and a semiconductor. A DC power supply for supplying power to the series connection of switching elements, and the first, second,
Via the position detection signals of the third phase, the first, second, and
An energization control circuit that energizes the armature coil by conducting a semiconductor switching element connected in series to the armature coil of the third phase by the width of the position detection signal, and a position obtained by detecting the position of the second salient pole. An electric circuit energizes the exciting coil from the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole facing the second salient pole by the detection signal, and the energization is cut off at the point where the two salient poles face each other. When the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil are converted to non-conduction by, the magnetic energy accumulated by the armature coil from the connection point between the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil is charged into the small-capacity capacitor and charged and held. The electric circuit that makes the current flowing through the armature coil decrease rapidly, and the width of the armature coil that is energized next time when the magnetic rotor rotates by the set angle depends on the position detection signal. When energized, at the same time when the energization is started, the electrostatic energy accumulated in the small-capacity capacitor described above is caused to flow into the armature coil and the rise of the energized current is made rapid. The energization current control circuit that holds the energization of the excitation coil at a value corresponding to the energization current of the armature coil and the projection of the ripple torque due to the energization of the excitation coil are matched with the recesses of the ripple torque of the output torque due to the energization of the armature coil. A reluctance type electric motor comprising means for adjusting a relative position of a member that generates torque as described above. 3. In a reluctance type electric motor of two-phase dual-wave energization, n pieces (n is a positive integer of 2 or more) arranged at both sides of the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor with equal width and equal separation angle. A first salient pole, 4n second salient poles arranged at equal spacing angles on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor that rotates in synchronization with the magnetic rotor, and a cylindrical fixed armature. The phase is 9 electrical degrees in the 4n slots arranged at equal spacing angles on the inner periphery of
The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, which were installed by sequentially shifting by 0 degree
The fourth phase armature coil and at least n magnetic poles having a predetermined width and attached to the inner circumferences of the cylindrical magnetic bodies juxtaposed to the fixed armature are projected at equal intervals. An exciting coil, a means for holding each of the first and second salient poles so as to face the inner peripheral surface of the fixed armature and the magnetic pole of the cylindrical magnetic body through a slight gap, and a first salient pole. Of the first, second, third, and fourth phases, which detect the rotational position of each of them and obtain continuous position detection signals with an electrical angle width of 90 degrees. A semiconductor switching element serially connected to each of the fourth-phase armature coil and the exciting coil; a DC power supply for supplying a series connection body of each of the armature coil and the exciting coil to the semiconductor switching element; The second, third, and fourth phase position detection signals , An energization control circuit for energizing the armature coil by conducting a semiconductor switching element connected in series to the armature coils of the second, third, and fourth phases by the width of the position detection signal, and the position of the second salient pole Based on the position detection signal obtained by detecting the current, the exciting coil is energized from the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole facing the second salient pole, and the energization is cut off at the point where the two salient poles face each other. When the element is turned off at the end of the position detection signal, the magnetic energy accumulated by the armature coil flows from the connection point between the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil into the small-capacity capacitor via the diode. The electric circuit that makes the current flowing through the armature coil drop rapidly by charging and holding it, and the armature coil that is energized next time when the magnetic rotor rotates by the set angle is the position detection signal. Its width when only is energized, the initiated by the electrostatic energy stored in the small capacitor described above simultaneously the energization by,
An electric circuit for making the rise of the energization current flow rapidly into the armature coil, an energization current control circuit for holding the energization of the exciting coil at a value corresponding to the energization of the armature coil, and an energization of the armature coil A reluctance type electric motor comprising means for adjusting a relative position of a member for generating torque so that a projection of ripple torque due to energization of an exciting coil is matched with a concave portion of ripple torque of output torque.