JPH0745112B2 - Laser welding method - Google Patents
Laser welding methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0745112B2 JPH0745112B2 JP62321885A JP32188587A JPH0745112B2 JP H0745112 B2 JPH0745112 B2 JP H0745112B2 JP 62321885 A JP62321885 A JP 62321885A JP 32188587 A JP32188587 A JP 32188587A JP H0745112 B2 JPH0745112 B2 JP H0745112B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- groove
- welded
- welding
- laser
- laser light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） この発明はレーザ溶接方法に関するものである。The present invention relates to a laser welding method.
（従来の技術） 熱源としてレーザ光を用いるレーザ溶接は、電子ビーム
溶接と同程度の高エネルギ集中性が得られ、この結果、
狭い溶融幅、深い溶込みとなる溶接部形状が得られるの
で、溶接歪の発生が少なく、高精度溶接法の一つとして
各種金属細線や薄板の溶接法として実用化されている。(Prior Art) Laser welding using laser light as a heat source can obtain high energy concentration as high as electron beam welding. As a result,
Since a welded portion shape with a narrow melting width and deep penetration can be obtained, welding distortion is less likely to occur, and it has been put to practical use as one of the high-precision welding methods as a welding method for various thin metal wires and thin plates.
一方、厚板溶接に対しては、第５図に示すような開先形
状を被溶接部材31に設けて多層盛溶接が行われている。
つまり、例えば出力５〜10KWのCO2レーザを用いる場合
にも、板厚Ｔが10〜15mm以上になるとワンパスでの溶接
は困難となり、このため、図のようにまず開先底部側に
レンズ32を用いてレーザ光を集光させてこの開先底部側
の肉盛溶接を行い、以降、上記レンズ32による集光点を
順次上方へと移動させていくことによって、多層盛溶接
となる開先溶接が行われるのである。そして上記の開先
底部側にレンズ32によってレーザ光を集光される場合
に、被溶接部材31の表面側における開先幅で上記レーザ
光の収束径路を妨害しないようにする必要があり、この
ため被溶接部材31の開先形状は、開先底部から表面側へ
順次幅を広げた形状となされている。On the other hand, for thick plate welding, multi-pass welding is performed by forming a groove shape as shown in FIG. 5 on the member 31 to be welded.
That is, for example, even when using a CO 2 laser with an output of 5 to 10 KW, if the plate thickness T is 10 to 15 mm or more, it is difficult to perform welding in one pass. Therefore, as shown in the figure, the lens 32 is first attached to the groove bottom side. Laser welding is performed by using to perform overlay welding on the bottom side of this groove, and thereafter, by sequentially moving the focal point by the lens 32 upward, a groove that becomes multilayer welding is obtained. Welding is done. Then, when the laser light is focused by the lens 32 on the groove bottom side, it is necessary to prevent the laser light converging path from being obstructed by the groove width on the surface side of the member 31 to be welded. Therefore, the groove shape of the member to be welded 31 is a shape in which the width is gradually increased from the groove bottom portion to the front surface side.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点） しかしながら、上記のように被溶接部材31の表面側の開
先幅が広くなるために、第６図の上記溶接結果の断面模
式図に示すように、溶着金属領域Ｂが大幅に増大し、こ
のため、溶接時のパス数が増加して溶接に長時間を要す
ることになると共に、溶接歪も大きくなる。この結果、
上記のような厚板溶接においては、前記したレーザ溶接
の高エネルギ集中性という利点が充分には生かせないと
いう問題があった。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, since the groove width on the front surface side of the member 31 to be welded becomes wide as described above, as shown in the schematic sectional view of the welding result in FIG. The metal region B is significantly increased, which increases the number of passes at the time of welding, which requires a long time for welding, and also increases the welding distortion. As a result,
In thick plate welding as described above, there is a problem that the advantage of high energy concentration of laser welding described above cannot be fully utilized.
この発明は上記従来の問題点に鑑みなされたものであっ
て、その目的は、厚板等においても狭開先形状での溶接
を可能とするレーザ溶接方法を提供することにある。The present invention has been made in view of the above conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a laser welding method that enables welding with a narrow groove shape even on a thick plate or the like.
（問題点を解決するための手段） そこでこの発明のレーザ溶接方法は、Ｉ形突合せ溶接さ
れる被溶接部材の相対向する被溶接面を、レーザ光を反
射可能に加工しておき、上記被溶接面によって形成され
る開先の上端中央部又はその近傍の位置を焦点としてレ
ーザ光を照射し、上記被溶接面間で上記レーザ光の反射
を繰返しながら入射方向深部側に導くと共に、開先底部
側に供給したフィラワイヤ、金属粉末等の溶加材と共に
開先底部及びその近傍を溶融することより開先底部の溶
接を行い、次いで上記溶加材の供給領域を開先上方へと
移動させることでＩ形突合せ形状の開先溶接を行うこと
を特徴としている。(Means for Solving Problems) Therefore, according to the laser welding method of the present invention, the opposite welded surfaces of the I-shaped butt-welded members to be welded are processed so that laser light can be reflected, and Irradiate laser light with the center of the upper end of the groove formed by the welding surface or a position in the vicinity thereof as a focal point, guide the laser beam to the deep side in the incident direction while repeating the reflection of the laser light between the welded surfaces, and the groove. Welding the groove bottom by melting the groove bottom and its vicinity with the filler wire, metal powder, and other filler material supplied to the bottom side, and then moving the filler material supply area above the groove. This is characterized by performing I-shaped butt-shaped groove welding.
（作用） 上記したレーザ溶接方法においては、被溶接面間に形成
される開先の上端中央部又はその近傍に、例えばレンズ
を用いて細く絞られたレーザ光を入射させることによっ
て、このレーザ光を、上記被溶接面間で反射を繰返しな
がら入射方向深部側へと導くようなされている。(Operation) In the laser welding method described above, the laser light narrowed by using a lens, for example, is caused to enter the upper end central portion of the groove formed between the surfaces to be welded or the vicinity thereof. Is guided to the deep side in the incident direction while repeating reflection between the surfaces to be welded.
つまり高エネルギ密度状態となされて被溶接面間に入射
されたレーザ光は、被溶接面間の幅、すなわち開先幅を
小さくすることによって、この間で反射して入射方向深
部側へと進行する際にも、上記高エネルギ密度状態が低
下するような収束径の広がりが抑えられることとなり、
上記入射時の高エネルギ密度状態が略維持されて入射方
向深部にまで達することとなる。このためこのレーザ光
によって開先底部側の溶接が可能となる。このように開
先幅を小さくした被溶接部材に対して、被溶接部材を溶
融し得る程度の高エネルギ密度状態を略維持したレーザ
光が開先底部側まで導かれるので、厚板等における狭開
先形状でのレーザ溶接が可能となる。That is, the laser light that has been brought into the high energy density state and is incident between the surfaces to be welded is reduced by reducing the width between the surfaces to be welded, that is, the groove width, and is reflected during this time to proceed to the deep side in the incident direction. Also at this time, it is possible to suppress the spread of the convergent diameter that lowers the high energy density state,
The high energy density state at the time of incidence is substantially maintained and reaches a deep portion in the incident direction. Therefore, the laser beam enables welding on the bottom side of the groove. With respect to the member to be welded having a narrow groove width as described above, the laser beam that maintains a high energy density state in which the member to be welded can be melted is guided to the groove bottom side. Laser welding with a groove shape is possible.
（実施例） 次にこの発明のレーザ溶接方法の具体的な実施例につい
て、図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。(Examples) Next, specific examples of the laser welding method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
第１図は、この発明の一実施例を説明するための要部模
式図であり、同図において、１及び２はＩ形突合せ溶接
される被溶接部材であって、それらの被溶接面３、４
間、すなわち開先領域の上方位置に、集光レンズ５が配
設れさ、このレンズ５の略焦点位置が、開先の上端中央
部又はその近傍に位置するようになされている。つまり
レーザ発振器（図示せず）から出力されるレーザ光は、
上記レンズ５によって集束し、細く絞られて上記開先内
へと入射するようになされているのである。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an essential part for explaining an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 and 2 are welded members to be I-shaped butt welded, and their welded surfaces 3 Four
The condensing lens 5 is arranged in the space, that is, above the groove region, and the substantially focal position of the lens 5 is located at the center of the upper end of the groove or in the vicinity thereof. That is, the laser light output from the laser oscillator (not shown) is
The light is focused by the lens 5, narrowed down and incident on the groove.
上記の開先幅ｔは通常１〜3mmの狭開先形状となされて
おり、この開先内に入射したレーザ光は、図中破線で示
すように、被溶接面３、４で反射しながら入射方向深
部、すなわち図中下側の、開先の底部を塞ぐバックプレ
ート６側に進行していくこととなる。The groove width t is usually formed in a narrow groove shape of 1 to 3 mm, and the laser light entering the groove is reflected by the welded surfaces 3 and 4 as shown by the broken line in the figure. The light travels to a deep portion in the incident direction, that is, to the back plate 6 side that closes the bottom of the groove on the lower side in the drawing.
第４図には、上記のように被溶接面で反射しながら開先
底部側に達するレーザ光の強度と、開先上部への入射強
度との比を実測したデータを示している。なお第３図
は、上記測定法の模式図であって、被溶接部材１、２の
開先底部側にパワーメータ10を配置している。そして被
溶接部材１、２の板厚Ｔを変えて上記パワーメータ10へ
の入射強度を測定し、開先上部における入射強度との比
を求める。第４図に示されているように、板厚Ｔの増加
と共に反射回数が増加するために、反射損失が大きくな
り、開先底部に達するレーザ強度も低下することとなる
が、板厚70mmにおいても約70％程度でのレーザ強度が維
持されている。なお被溶接面３、４の表面粗さは、10〜
20μｍ程度（三角記号で▽▽）の通常の開先加工精度で
ある。FIG. 4 shows data obtained by actually measuring the ratio between the intensity of the laser light that reaches the bottom of the groove while being reflected by the surface to be welded as described above and the intensity of the incident light on the upper portion of the groove. Note that FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the above-described measuring method, in which the power meter 10 is arranged on the groove bottom side of the members to be welded 1 and 2. Then, the plate thickness T of the members to be welded 1 and 2 is changed and the incident intensity on the power meter 10 is measured to obtain the ratio with the incident intensity at the upper portion of the groove. As shown in FIG. 4, since the number of reflections increases as the plate thickness T increases, the reflection loss increases and the laser intensity reaching the bottom of the groove also decreases, but at a plate thickness of 70 mm. The laser intensity is maintained at about 70%. The surface roughness of the welded surfaces 3 and 4 is 10 to
It is a normal groove processing accuracy of about 20 μm (triangle symbol ▽▽).
上記のようにレンズ５によって細く絞られ、高エネルギ
密度状態となって被溶接面３、４間に入射したレーザ光
は、狭開先形状、すなわち近接した上記被溶接面３、４
で多重反射を繰返しながら開先底部側へ進行していくこ
ととなり、上記エネルギ密度状態が低下するようなレー
ザ集束径の開先壁面方向の広がりが抑えられるので、上
記高エネルギ密度状態を略維持して、開先深部へと達す
る。したがって、第１図において開先底部側にフィラワ
イヤ、或いは金属粉末を供給することによって、まず開
先底部の肉盛溶接が可能となり、以降、順次フィラワイ
ヤ、あるいは金属粉末の供給領域を開先上方へと移動さ
せていくことによって、第２図に示すように、Ｉ形突合
せ形状の開先溶接に対して、溶着金属領域Ａの狭い多層
溶接を行うことができる。As described above, the laser light that is narrowed down by the lens 5 and enters a high energy density state between the surfaces 3 and 4 to be welded has a narrow groove shape, that is, the surfaces 3 and 4 to be welded close to each other.
Therefore, it is possible to suppress the spread of the laser focusing diameter in the direction of the groove wall surface that would lower the energy density state while repeating the multiple reflections, and to maintain the high energy density state. And reach the deep groove. Therefore, in FIG. 1, by supplying the filler wire or the metal powder to the groove bottom side, first, the weld overlay of the groove bottom can be made, and thereafter, the filler wire or the metal powder supply region is sequentially moved upward to the groove. As shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to perform the multi-layer welding in which the weld metal region A is narrow with respect to the groove welding of the I-shaped butt shape by moving the welding region.
従来は、前記したように、板厚が増すと開先幅を板表面
側で大きくとる必要があるために、大出力（15KWクラ
ス）のCO2レーザ装置を用いた場合にも板厚40〜50mmが
実用上の限界と考えられる。また開先幅をより狭くする
ために、狭開先TIG溶接法を用いたとしても、10〜12mm
の開先幅が必要である。しかしながら上記においては板
厚70mm程度の被溶接部材に対しても、１〜3mm程度の狭
開先状態で溶接が可能であり、低歪、高精度の厚板溶接
を行うことができる。また厚板の溶接を電子ビーム溶接
で行う場合には、被溶接部材を真空チャンバーに入れて
行う必要があり、溶接コストが高くなるが、上記は大気
中で行うことが可能であるので、より安価な溶接コスト
で低歪、高精度の厚板溶接が可能となる。なお、上記レ
ンズ５として長焦点レンズを用いると、被溶接面３、４
間での多重反射回数が少なくなり、エネルギロスをより
小さくできることになる。Conventionally, as described above, as the plate thickness increases, it is necessary to make the groove width larger on the plate surface side. Therefore, even when a high power (15 KW class) CO 2 laser device is used, the plate thickness 40 ~ 50mm is considered to be the practical limit. Moreover, even if the narrow groove TIG welding method is used to make the groove width narrower, it is 10 to 12 mm.
Groove width is required. However, in the above, even a member to be welded having a plate thickness of about 70 mm can be welded in a narrow groove state of about 1 to 3 mm, and thick plate welding with low distortion and high accuracy can be performed. Further, when the thick plate is welded by electron beam welding, it is necessary to put the member to be welded in a vacuum chamber, which increases the welding cost, but since the above can be performed in the atmosphere, It enables low distortion and highly accurate thick plate welding at low welding cost. When a long focus lens is used as the lens 5, the surfaces 3 and 4 to be welded are
The number of times of multiple reflections during the period is reduced, and the energy loss can be further reduced.
（発明の効果） 上記のようにこの発明のレーザ溶接方法においては、被
溶接部材の被溶接面間の幅、すなわち開先幅を狭め、こ
の開先内へと入射されるレーザ光は、入射時のエネルギ
密度状態が略維持されて上記被溶接面間で反射を繰返し
ながら入射方向深部側へと達するようになされているの
で、このレーザ光によって開光底部側の溶接が可能とな
り、したがって厚板等においても狭開先状態でのレーザ
溶接を行うことが可能となる。(Effect of the invention) As described above, in the laser welding method of the present invention, the width between the surfaces to be welded of the member to be welded, that is, the groove width is narrowed, and the laser light incident into the groove is incident. Since the energy density state at that time is substantially maintained and the reflection is repeated between the surfaces to be welded to reach the deep side in the incident direction, the laser beam enables welding on the bottom side of the light-opening side, and thus the thick plate. It is possible to perform laser welding in a narrow groove state even in such cases.
第１図はこの発明のレーザ溶接方法の一実施例を説明す
るための要部模式図、第２図は上記によってなされたレ
ーザ溶接結果の断面模式図、第３図は被溶接面間で反射
しながら開先底部から出射するレーザ光出射強度と開先
上端への入射強度との比を求める際の測定方法の模式
図、第４図は第３図の測定方法で求めた入射強度に対す
る出射強度の割合と板厚との関係を示すデータ、第５図
は従来のレーザ溶接法の説明図、第６図は従来のレーザ
溶接結果の断面模式図である。 １、２……被溶接部材、３、４……被溶接面。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an essential part for explaining an embodiment of a laser welding method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laser welding result obtained as described above, and FIG. 3 is a reflection between surfaces to be welded. However, the schematic diagram of the measurement method when obtaining the ratio of the emission intensity of the laser light emitted from the bottom of the groove and the incident intensity at the upper end of the groove, FIG. 4 is the emission for the incident intensity obtained by the measurement method of FIG. Data showing the relationship between the strength ratio and the plate thickness, FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a conventional laser welding method, and FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of the result of the conventional laser welding. 1, 2 ... Welded member, 3, 4 ... Welded surface.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭50−92243（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭60−221185（ＪＰ，Ａ) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-50-92243 (JP, A) JP-A-60-221185 (JP, A)
Claims (1)
する被溶接面を、レーザ光を反射可能に加工しておき、
上記被溶接面によって形成される開先の上端中央部又は
その近傍の位置を焦点としてレーザ光を照射し、上記被
溶接面間で上記レーザ光の反射を繰返しながら入射方向
深部側に導くと共に、開先底部側に供給したフィラワイ
ヤ、金属粉末等の溶加材と共に開先底部及びその近傍を
溶融することにより開先底部の溶接を行い、次いで上記
溶加材の供給領域を開先上方へと移動させることでＩ形
突合せ形状の開先溶接を行うことを特徴とするレーザ溶
接方法。1. I-shaped butt-welded members to be welded, which are opposed to each other, are processed so that they can reflect laser light.
Irradiate laser light with the focus at the center of the upper end of the groove formed by the welded surface or in the vicinity thereof, and lead to the incident direction deep side while repeating reflection of the laser light between the welded surfaces, The groove bottom is welded by melting the groove bottom and its vicinity together with the filler wire such as the filler wire and metal powder supplied to the groove bottom side, and then the supply region of the filler material is moved to above the groove. A laser welding method characterized by performing groove welding of an I-shaped butt shape by moving.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62321885A JPH0745112B2 (en) | 1987-12-19 | 1987-12-19 | Laser welding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62321885A JPH0745112B2 (en) | 1987-12-19 | 1987-12-19 | Laser welding method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01162588A JPH01162588A (en) | 1989-06-27 |
| JPH0745112B2 true JPH0745112B2 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
Family
ID=18137489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62321885A Expired - Fee Related JPH0745112B2 (en) | 1987-12-19 | 1987-12-19 | Laser welding method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0745112B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104874919A (en) * | 2015-05-16 | 2015-09-02 | 上海交通大学 | Thick plate and narrow gap laser welding method |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120181255A1 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-07-19 | Bruck Gerald J | Flux enhanced high energy density welding |
| JP5580788B2 (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2014-08-27 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Laser welding method for thick steel |
| CN108526690A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-14 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | The pre- filler narrow gap welding new method of myriawatt grade laser |
| DE102021122892A1 (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-03-09 | Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh | Semi-finished product provided with a window for laser welding for producing an electrical contact element and method for producing an electrical contact element and electrical contact element |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5092243A (en) * | 1973-12-18 | 1975-07-23 | ||
| JPS60221185A (en) * | 1984-04-17 | 1985-11-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | Welding method of thin steel sheet by laser beam |
-
1987
- 1987-12-19 JP JP62321885A patent/JPH0745112B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104874919A (en) * | 2015-05-16 | 2015-09-02 | 上海交通大学 | Thick plate and narrow gap laser welding method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01162588A (en) | 1989-06-27 |
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