JPH0746A - Method for artificial cultivation of lyophyllum decastes sing. by method for covering soil with granular molding made of inorganic fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To carry out the artificial cultivation of many excellent fruit bodies throughout the whole year by filling a culture medium containing charcoal and corn bran in a heat-resistant culture container, thermally sterilizing the culture medium, then inoculating spawns of Lyophyllum decastes Sing., into spawn inoculating holes culturing the spawns and developing the mushroom. CONSTITUTION:Corn bran is added and mixed with wood flour and water is then added thereto to provide 65% moisture content as a basis. The resultant culture medium 6 is then filled in a heat-resistant culture container 1 to bore a spawn inoculating hole 7, further closed with a lid 4 having a sterilizing filter 5, thermally sterilized and cooled. Separatelt purely cultured spawns 8 of Lyophyllum decastes Sing. are inoculated into the spawn inoculating holes to carry out the culturing and maturing. The fungi in the top surface of the fungal bed are then scratched to cover the culture medium with a granular molding, etc., of inorganic fiber. Water is furher supplied to develop the mushroom in a fruit body developing chamber at 18-22 deg.C.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
hyllum decades (Fr.) Sin
g. ] The artificial cultivation method of [1] relates to the cultivation of the hyphae and the fruiting body production technology.

[0002]

2. Description of the Prior Art The Hatake shimeji mushroom which is the subject of the present invention is a very good variety developed by the present applicant as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. It is applicable to and developed the artificial cultivation method.

Next, the conventional patent document (publication) discloses a method for cultivating this species and mushrooms close to this species, and the difference from this method will be described. "Cultivation method" is inoculated with Hatake shimeji mushroom to a mixture of sawdust, compost, rice bran, etc., and water at 20 ° C.
Cultivated at ~ 24 ° C to make a bacterial mass, 20 ° C-24 ° C
It is a method for cultivating Hathatake shimeji, which is buried in soil at ℃ to naturally generate fruiting bodies. However, as described above, the inoculum of the present invention, under different natural environment, is cultivated, the growth period is long, and the occurrence time is limited by the season, the number of harvests is small, therefore, The annual yield per land area is small, which is a big difference from the present invention.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-169913 “Cultivation method of Hatake shimeji” This invention is also different from the Hatake shimeji of the present invention.
Therefore, the cultivation method is also different. That is, mixing sawdust, poultry manure, mulch, bran, etc. with water, filling a wide-mouthed bottle, making a cave in the center, sterilizing, inoculating the above-mentioned cave with inoculum of Hatake shimeji, when the mycelium is full, inoculum Is removed, water is added, the bottle is inverted, placed in a dark place at room temperature of 16 to 18 ° C and humidity of 70 to 90%, and the bottle is returned to its original state to generate fruiting bodies. It is not a method of covering the fungus bed with soil and generating fruiting bodies. Further, in the present invention, it is not necessary to turn the bottle upside down or put it in a dark place, which is also a big difference.

According to the "cultivation method of Hatake shimeji mushroom" described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-169915, a seedling planting hole is made in a raw wood such as a flat, oak, etc. It was placed on a waste tree lined up in a planting hole with a depth of ~ 50 cm, covered with soil, and then naturally cultivated to obtain fruiting bodies. Is limited by the season, and mass production is difficult, which is different from the institutional cultivation method such as the present invention, which is capable of planned production at all times. As for the cultivation of Hatake shimeji, other than this, corn blanc is used for the medium material as in the present invention, a cylindrical cultivation container having a main body with a filter mounting cap and an easily removable lid is used, and the soil covering material is s There is no example of using inorganic fiber granular moldings such as plans.

[0006] The method for cultivating basidiomycetes of Shimeji is described in JP-A-62-205721: A) Shimeji [in the examples, beech slug (Lyophyll)
rum ulmarium)] inoculates a solid culture medium containing sawdust as a main component, cultivated at 20 ° C to 30 ° C,
B) Rotating the fungus to obtain the cultured mycelium, B) Aging step of culturing the above-mentioned cultured mycelium at 13 ° C to 22 ° C to obtain a fruiting body-generating group, C) Obtaining the fruiting body-generating group at 13 ° C to 20 ° C, and illuminance of 50 Less than looks, fruit body primordium forming step of culturing at high humidity, D) Shimeji mushrooms including fruit body forming step of culturing the above-mentioned fruit body primordia at 10 ° C to 20 ° C, illuminance 50 lux to 500 lux, high humidity It is a cultivation method. According to the publication, the feature of the invention described in this publication is that a large and good fruiting body is formed by culturing at a lower temperature in the step (B) than in the step (A) as compared with the conventional method. ing.

On the other hand, the present invention differs not only in its species but also in its cultivation method, as is clear from the claims. The "indoor cultivation method of Hatake shimeji mushroom" described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 244320/1990 is as follows: bark compost, sawdust, rice bran, calcium,
It uses chicken manure, mulch, ash, etc. As the material for covering the fungal bed upper part for generating fruiting bodies, soil formed by weathering of rock or a mineral substance having a particle diameter of 2 mm or less, which can retain water and has air permeability, It can grow and pass through. Specifically, upland soil containing organic matter and nutrients, soil in the forest and other surface layers, river sand that does not contain organic matter and nutrients, soil in the forest and other lower layers, particle size 2 m
It is a method of using mineral substances such as Kanuma soil, Hyuga soil, Akadama soil, perlite, and quartz which are less than m. On the other hand, the invention of the present application is different from the cultivation base component and the coating material substance on the upper surface of the fungus bed in that the cultivation method is different, as is clear from the claims.

[0008] The "method for artificially cultivating mushrooms" described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-297327 uses sawdust, bran, rice husks, rice bran, soybean meal and the like as culture base components. Further, as a material for covering soil, a method using mulch soil, mountain soil, sand, Kanuma soil, vermiculite, porous glass, and super absorbent resin is described. On the other hand, in the present invention, as is clear from the claims, both the culture substrate component and the soil covering material substance on the upper surface of the fungus bed are different, and the cultivation method is different. The configuration, operation, and effect of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0009]

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present inventors have made it difficult to artificially cultivate the conventional art, and have made Hatake shimeji mushroom suitable for artificial culturing, and to solve it, as described in the above-mentioned respective publications, As a result of various trials and studies, the objective was to develop the artificial cultivation method of the present invention in order to improve the fact that the yield and the harvesting time are not so different from those of nature. Specifically, I made an effort as a research subject to be able to stably produce a large number of excellent fruiting bodies throughout the year regardless of the season depending on the cultivation facility.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

(1) Method for artificially cultivating seedlings of the present invention (a) Production of medium Sugi sawdust used as a medium for the method of the present invention is deposited in a clean place, a suitable amount of water is replenished, and left standing for about 3 to 6 months. . This is to sufficiently remove the resin, tannin and the like which are growth inhibitory substances of mycelia. After that, 20 to 30% of corn blanc (corn bran) is added and mixed as a carbon source, water is added and stirred, and (b) Filling and perforating into a container This is filled into a heat-resistant container, and a seed inoculation hole is placed in the center thereof. Perforate. Next, (c) Sterilization Sterilization is performed at 120 ° C. for about 1 hour. After that, (d) cooling inoculation, the inoculation hole provided in the above-mentioned medium is inoculated with the inoculation hole of the present invention, which has been cooled and separately cultivated separately. Then, (e) bacterial bed maturation, culturing at a culture temperature of 24 ° C to 26 ° C for 70 days to 90 days,
Use a mature bed. (F) Fruit Body Generating Treatment The upper surface of the mature fungus bed of (e) above is scratched, covered with an inorganic fiber granular molding such as Esplan under the trade name of Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd., and water is supplied. Then, (g) it is transferred to the fruiting body generating chamber and left to stand in the fruiting body generating chamber at 18 ° C to 22 ° C for about 20 days. After that, mushrooms. (H) Harvesting After 10 to 15 days, the mushrooms that have completed growth can be harvested.

[0011]

[Examples] Hatake shimeji [Lyop] which is the object of the present invention
hyllum decades (Fr.) Sin
g. ] Is an artificial cultivation method which has been difficult to artificially grow. First, the sawdust medium of the present invention is mainly composed of cedar sawdust, which is deposited in a clean place for 3 months or more to remove mycelial growth inhibitory substances (resin, tannin, etc.) and beech sawdust added. Corn-bran (corn bran) 20 to 30% as a carbon source and other nutrients are added and mixed, and water is added to the mixture to fill a heat-resistant container. This container is made of heat-resistant plastic (polypropylene, polycarbonate, etc.) and has a shape shown in FIG.
A bag whose shoulder part is detached or a bag made of a heat resistant film (see FIG. 4) is used, and the capacity is usually 800 ml to 1000 ml.
Then, a tight stopper (FIG. 2-4) provided with a sterilization filter (FIGS. 2 and 4) on the upper portion thereof (currently, a PP urethane cap is used. ] It is designed to fit. In the case of a bag, a cylinder for fixing the cap of the bag (Fig. 4-3) is fitted on the upper portion as shown in Fig. 4, the mouth of the bag is folded back from the inside, and the cap with the urethane filter is sealed. The capacity of the bag is the same as the former, 800 ml to 1000
ml. The above-mentioned container is filled with the above-mentioned culture medium to make an inoculum inoculation hole having a size of a human finger and a depth of about 10 cm. Then, this is sterilized by high-pressure steam at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. After sterilization and cooling overnight at 18 ° C. to 20 ° C., separately purely cultivated inoculum of Hatake shimeji of the present invention is inoculated into the inoculum hole. Incidentally, the pure culture method of the seed culture of Hatake shimeji mushroom is similar to the method generally performed in the pure culture of other edible mushrooms. To grow a large amount of this, inoculate the inoculum cultured on the malt extract agar medium with 850
A cedar sawdust or beech sawdust or a sawdust medium containing both of them mixed in a wide-mouthed bottle of ml and supplemented with corn blanc as a nutrient source and inoculated and cultured at 25 ° C. for about 30 days may be used.

Then, the culture medium inoculated with the inoculum described above is cultured at a culture temperature of 24 ° C. to 26 ° C. for 70 to 90 days, and the upper surface of the fully matured bed is scratched to cover the soil with esplan. Its thickness is about 5 mm to 15 mm. Next, water was replenished, and when it was allowed to stand in a fruiting body generating chamber at 18 ° C to 22 ° C, juvenile mushrooms appeared in about 20 days, and then 10 days to 1
Growth can be completed in 5 days, and mature Hatake shimeji can be harvested.

As the inorganic fiber granular molding for coating the fungus bed of the present invention defined in the scope of claim [Claim 2], the particle size of the brand name Esplan of Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. is about 1 mm. The following table gives a detailed description of an experimental example in which 5 mm is applied to the surface of the bacterial bed and the thickness is 5 mm to 15 mm.

[0014]

[Table 1] Table 1 Type of soil cover and amount of fruiting bodies (Note) Mixed medium of cedar wood grain 4, beech wood flour 4 and corn blanc 2 is 950 ml in each medium.
00g) Average value of 90 or more. The numbers below Esplan indicate the particle size.

[0015]

[Table 2] Table 2 Particle size of Esplan and the amount of fruiting body production of Hatake shimeji (g / 1000 g of medium)

[0016]

[Table 3] Table 3 Esplan thickness of soil cover and amount of fruit body of Hatake shimeji mushroom (g / medium 1000g) (Note) A particle size of 1 to 5 mm is used. The inorganic fiber granular molded product used in the present invention, the trade name Esplan of Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd., has the physical properties shown in the following table [Table 4]. .

[0017]

[Table 4] Table 4 Physical properties of Esplan Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. System cultivation development sales group materials

Comparison with other soil covering materials: As a result of trial cultivation using various soil covering materials, the following results were obtained with the esplan soil covering having the best results. 1) When the soil was covered with clay only ... No fruiting bodies were found. 2) When the soil was covered with sand only ... No fruiting bodies were found. 3) When soil is covered only with vermiculite ...
The amount of fruiting bodies generated per 00 g was 80 g or less, and the morphology was often deformed, resulting in poor results. Further, this vermiculite absorbs water slowly and cannot be sufficiently absorbed unless it is immersed in water for a day and night, and the absorbed water is sticky and the soil covering operation is difficult, resulting in lack of practicality. 4) When soil was covered with upland soil (black loam soil) ... Normal-form fruiting bodies were generated, but the amount generated was 120 per 1000 g of bacterial bed.
It is as small as g (see Table 1) and easily causes pest damage, and its control is difficult and lacks practicality. 5) When soil is covered with a mixture of vermiculite and sand ...
It showed the best results except for the esplan cover soil (Table-
1)), the amount of fruiting bodies generated was about 20% less than that of esplan cover soil, and it became clear that the cover operation was inferior. 6) When the soil is covered with esplan ... The morphology of fruiting bodies is normal, and the amount of generation is the largest, about 160 to 200 g. The soil covering operation is the easiest since it is only necessary to cover the dried one with water and then supply water. It was From the above results, Esplan is the most excellent compared with other soil covering materials, which is due to the excellent physical properties of Esplan, which established the artificial cultivation method of Hatake shimeji I think.

[0019]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention having the above-described structure is not suitable for artificial cultivation, and the artificial cultivation has a very complicated means and requires a lot of time. Therefore, the present invention [Lyophyllum decastes (F.
r. ) Sing. ] The cultivation method suitable for artificial cultivation (bacterial bed cultivation) has been developed and cultivated, and it is possible to systematically produce and ship in a planned manner according to demand without being limited to the production season. The invention of the present application By covering the upper surface of the bacterial bed after maturation of the inoculum with esplan, it has the effect of shortening the number of days of fruit body generation and increasing the amount of fruit body generation. The present invention solves the cultivation method of Hatake shimeji medaka, which has conventionally required extremely complicated means and a lot of time for artificial cultivation, by using the covering material by its characteristics (described below). 1. Compared with soil covered with soil, vermiculite, sand, or a mixture thereof, the amount of fruiting bodies generated was large and the morphology was also good (see Table-1). 2. Good water retention and no need for water supply after covering with soil (see Table 4). 3. Since water absorption is fast, it is sufficient to supply water after covering with soil, and because it can cover soil in a dry state, it is easier to handle than other materials, and soil covering is easy to automate (see Table 4). Compared with this, it is necessary to absorb water such as vermiculite and soil before covering with soil, which is difficult to cover with soil. 4. It is hard to get harmful fungi such as mold and bacteria and harmful insects such as mushroom flies. 5. As described in detail in the experimental data of the above-mentioned examples, the method of the present invention was able to exhibit further effects by adopting the brand name Esplan of Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. as the soil covering material on the fungus bed of the present invention. It is a thing.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 (A) is a side view of the fruiting body of Hatake shimeji of the present invention.

FIG. 1 (B) is a photograph showing the state of fungi in the bag culture method of the mushrooms of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of bacterial bed culture in the case of bottle culture in one example of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which fruit bodies (mushrooms) are generated by covering the fungal bed with soil.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view in the case of bacterial bed culture using a bag.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which fruit bodies are generated in the fungus bed using the bag.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Container and bag 2 Shoulder part of bottle 3 Bag cap fixing cylinder 4 Cap 5 Sterilization filter 6 Culture medium (sawdust medium) 7 Inoculum inoculation hole 8 Inoculum 9 Soil cover

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] April 19, 1994

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] Brief description of the drawing

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 (A) is a side view showing the morphology of the fruiting body of Pleurotus cornucopiae of the present invention, and (B) a photograph showing the mushrooming state and the morphology of the organism in the bag culture method of Pleurotus cornucopiae of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of bacterial bed culture in the case of bottle culture in one example of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which fruit bodies (mushrooms) are generated by covering the fungal bed with soil.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view in the case of bacterial bed culture using a bag.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which fruit bodies are generated in the fungus bed using the bag.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 container and bag 2 shoulder part of bottle 3 bag cap fixed cylinder 4 cap 5 disinfection filter 6 culture medium (sawdust medium) 7 inoculum inoculum 8 inoculum 9 cover soil

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Wood powder and corn blanc are used as a culture base component of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, and the mixture is mixed with water to add a medium having a water content of 65% as a standard to a cylindrical container body and a disinfectable upper part to be sterilized. Filled in a heat-resistant culture vessel consisting of a lid having a sealed stopper with a filter, inoculate it, inoculate an inoculation hole, heat sterilize it, and then cool it. Inoculate the inoculation hole,
After culturing and ripening, and scratching the upper surface of the fungus bed, cover the soil with a granular molding made of inorganic fibers such as Esplan under the trade name of Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.
A method of artificially cultivating Hatake-shimeji-miji which is characterized in that it is mushroomed in a fruiting body generating chamber at ℃. 2. The brand name Esplan of Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd., which is a granular molded article made of inorganic fiber used as the covering material of the present invention, has a particle size of about 1 mm to 5 mm and has a thickness of 5 on the fungal bed surface.
The method for artificially cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the method is from 15 mm to 15 mm.