JPH074748B2 - Machining program creation method for optical copy grinding machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a method for creating a machining program in an optical copying grinding machine.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, in an optical copying grinder, a grindstone head provided with a rotatable grindstone is moved in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and
It is turned around the turning axis. A servomotor has recently been used as a turning mechanism for turning the grinding wheel head, which shortens the setup time during work and greatly contributes to automation of grinding.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) By the way, when a work is processed with a rotatable grindstone in the above-mentioned optical copying grinder, the machining point and the center of the turning axis are not in a fixed position due to wear or replacement of the grindstone. However, there is a problem that the grindstone sometimes interferes with the work when the grindstone head is rotated, which makes the machining program very complicated.

An object of the present invention is to enable calculation of a positional relationship between a machining point and a center of a turning axis by a simple operation, and to create a machining program that avoids interference between a grindstone and a workpiece at the time of turning movement caused by the positional relationship. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for creating a machining program in the optical copy grinding machine.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention moves a grindstone head provided with a rotatable grindstone in an X-axis and Y-axis direction in an optical copying grinding machine. As a machining program creating method for grinding the workpiece with the grindstone by swiveling and swiveling around the swivel axis, a program of simultaneous two-axis by the X-axis and the Y-axis of the grindstone head is read and then obtained in advance. X between the center of the turning axis and the center of the whetstone tip radius
The program analyzes the program by reading the distance between the axis and the Y-axis and the radius of curvature of the grindstone tip radius, and if it is determined that the grindstone interferes with the workpiece when the grindstone head turns, the grindstone head is moved to X
A method for creating a machining program in an optical copying grinding machine for simultaneously controlling three axes of an axis, a Y-axis and a turning axis to create a machining program so as to avoid interference.

(Operation) By adopting the machining program creating method in the optical copying grinding machine of the present invention, a simultaneous biaxial program by the X-axis and Y-axis of the grindstone head is read, and then the center of the swivel axis determined in advance is read. The program is analyzed by reading the X-axis and Y-axis distances from the center of the whetstone tip radius and the radius of curvature of the whetstone tip radius. Based on this analysis result,
When it is determined that the grindstone interferes with the work when the grindstone head is rotated, the grindstone head is moved to the X-axis, Y-axis, and swivel axes.
A machining program was created to simultaneously control the axes and avoid interference.

When the actual grinding process is performed based on this machining program, the grindstone is smoothly machined without interfering with the work.

(Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Referring to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, in the optical copying grinding machine 1 as a grinding machine, particularly, the processing information is input to the storage device,
This operation panel 3 is provided with an operation panel 3 for outputting, and a frame 5 accommodating a storage device and an automatic controller for the grinding machine based on the storage device is attached.

The optical copying grinder 1 is provided with a base 9 on the left side of the machine base 7 in FIG. 13, and is movable on the base 9 in the Y-axis direction (left and right direction in FIG. 13). A Y-axis slide 11 is provided. On this Y-axis slide 11, an X that can be moved in the X-axis direction (left and right direction in FIG. 14) is used.
A shaft slide 13 is provided, and the X-axis slide 13 is moved in the X-axis direction by an X-axis drive motor 15 which is interlocked and connected.

A swivel base 17 is provided on the X-axis slide 13 so as to freely swivel, and a grindstone head 19 is provided on the swivel base 17. On the right side of FIG. 13 of the grindstone head 19, there is held a grindstone 21 which is rotatable and can be raised and lowered.

An X-axis handle 23 and a Y-axis handle 25 are provided on the front surface of the machine base 7. The X-axis handle 23 and the Y-axis handle
When the operator manually operates 25, the revolving base 17 including the grindstone 21 and the grindstone head 19 can be moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

A table 27 that holds the work W is provided at a position facing the grindstone 21 on the right side of the upper surface of the machine stand 7.
Is movable in the X-axis direction along the guide surface of the X-axis moving table 29 provided on the lower surface.

On the lower surface of the X-axis moving base 29, a Y-axis moving base 31 having a guide surface movable in the Y-axis direction is provided, and the Y-axis moving base 31 moves in the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis moving table 31 is movable in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction in FIG. 13) and is moved up and down by Z-axis driving means 33 such as an electric motor.

With the above configuration, the work is placed on the table 27, and the X
It is positioned in the axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, and the grindstone 21
Is rotated at a predetermined number of rotations to move the grindstone 21 in the X axis direction, the Y axis direction, and the turning direction, so that the work W is ground by the grindstone 21.

A projector for projecting the grinding surface is provided above the grinding surfaces of the grindstone 21 and the work W, and the grindstone 21 and the work W are projected on the screen 35 provided above the machine base 7. The projection magnification can be selected in several steps.

More specific configurations of the Y-axis slide 11, the X-axis slide 13 and the swivel base 17 are shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, a rotatable ball screw 37 is supported by the base 9, and this ball screw 37 has a nut member attached to the center of the lower surface of the Y-axis slide 11. 39 is screwed. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, guide rails 41 extending in the Y-axis direction are laid on both left and right sides of the base 9, and the guide member 43 guided by the guide rails 41 is Y-shaped. It is provided on the lower surface of the shaft slide 11.

With the above configuration, when the Y-axis drive motor (not shown) is driven, the ball screw 37 is rotated, and the Y-axis slide 11 is moved in the Y-axis direction via the nut member 39. The guide member 43 is guided along the guide rail 41 when the Y-axis slide 11 is moved in the Y-axis direction.

As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, a rotatable ball screw 45 is supported on the Y-axis slide 11, and the ball screw 45 is provided at the center of the lower surface of the X-axis slide 13. The attached nut member 47 is screwed. Also,
As shown in FIG. 10, guide rails 49 extending in the X-axis direction are laid on the left and right sides of the Y-axis slide 11, and a guide member 51 guided by the guide rails 49.
Is provided on the lower surface of the X-axis slide 13.

With the above structure, when the X-axis drive motor 15 is driven, the ball screw 45 is rotated, so that the nut member is rotated.
The X-axis slide 13 is moved in the X-axis direction via 47. The guide member 51 is guided along the guide rail 49 when the X-axis slide 13 is moved in the X-axis direction.

A rotatable ball screw 53 is supported on the X-axis slide 13 as shown in FIGS. 9 and 11, and one end side of the ball screw 53 (right side in FIG. 9). A gear 55 is fitted in. Further, another gear 57 is meshed with this gear 55, and this gear 57 is attached to one end wall of the X-axis slide 13 so that the output shaft of the servo motor 59 is
It is attached to 61.

A nut member 63 is screwed onto the ball screw 53.
In the U-shaped groove 65 formed on the upper surface of the nut member 63, a hemispherical engagement pin 67 attached to the lower surface of the swivel base 17 is provided.
Are engaged.

As shown in FIG. 10, on the X-axis slide 13, circumferential engaging protrusions 69A, 69B are formed,
Engagement recess grooves 71A, 71B engaged with the engagement protrusions 69A, 69B
Is formed on the lower surface of the swivel base 17.

With the above configuration, when the servo motor 59 is driven, the ball screw 53 is rotated via the output shaft 61, the gear 57 and the gear 55. Since the nut member 63 is screwed into the ball screw 53 and the engaging pin 67 is engaged with the groove 65 of the nut member 63, the rotation of the ball screw 53 causes the nut member to rotate.
By moving 63 in the Y-axis direction in FIG. 11,
As shown in FIG. 12, the swivel base 17 is swiveled within the range of the angle θ around the tip of the grindstone 21.
Since the grindstone head 19 is provided on the swivel base 17, the grindstone head 19 is swung.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a configuration for creating a machining program in this embodiment. In FIG. 1, the grindstone 21
There is a teaching section 73 for aligning the tip of each of the three points with the reference line K of the screen 35, and the whetstone head registered by this teaching section 73.
The X-axis and Y-axis distances α and β between the center of the turning axis of 19 and the center P of the tip radius of the grindstone 21 and the radius of curvature γ of the tip radius are arithmetically processed by the arithmetic processing unit 75 to store temporary data. Stored in the unit 77.

On the other hand, input data to create a machining program
The processing program is read from 79 into the machining program creating unit 81, and the program creating unit 81 creates a simultaneous biaxial machining program for the X-axis and Y-axis of the grindstone head 19, and the program analyzing unit 83 analyzes the machining program. As a result of analysis by the program analysis unit 83, when the grindstone 21 and the workpiece W interfere with each other during the turning movement of the grindstone head 19, the machining program creation unit 81 re-edits.

In this case, α, β, stored in the data storage unit 77
Based on γ, the X-axis, the Y-axis and the turning axis of the grindstone head 19 are simultaneously controlled to create a machining program in which the grindstone 21 does not interfere with the work W and the program output section 85 outputs the machining program.

On the display unit 73, the tip of the grindstone 21 is moved to the reference line K of the screen 35.
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, as shown in FIG. 2, a reference line K on the screen 35 is touched by a processing point having a tip R of the grindstone 21 at points A, B, and C. Register and teach at 3 locations.

The arithmetic processing unit 75 arithmetically processes α, β, γ shown in FIG. 3, that is, in order to calculate the unknowns α, β, γ, for example, as shown in FIG. Angle θ ₁
The turning center O (X ₀₁ , Y ₀₁ ) when tilted and the center P (X ₁ , Y ₁ ) of the tip γ of the grindstone 21 are x ₁ = x ₀₁ −α sin θ ₁ + β cos θ ₁ (1) y ₁ = Y ₀₁ −α cos θ ₁ + β sin θ ₁ (2)

Further, from the relationship between the reference line y = K and γ which is the tip radius of the grindstone 21, y ₁ + γ = K (3)

From the above formula (3), γ = K−y ₁ = Co (3)

From the above equations (1), (2) and (3), α = (x ₀₁ −x ₁ ) sin θ ₁ + (y ₀₁ −y ₁ ) cos θ ₁ … (4) β = (y ₀₁ −y ₁ ). sin θ ₁ + (x ₁ −x ₀₁ ) cos θ ₁ (5)

Therefore, α, β, γ are obtained by knowing several points of arbitrary data (X _on , Y _on , θ _n ) from the equations (3), (4), and (5), and are stored in the data storage unit 77. It is temporarily stored.

Next, in the machining program creating section 81, data is inputted from the input section 79. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the turning angle is 10 ° when P ₁ → P _{2 and} the turning angle when P ₂ → P _3. If you want to process at 5 °, perform P ₁ → P ₂ at a swivel angle of 10 ° in step 1, change the swivel movement from 10 ° to 5 ° in step 2, and then perform step 3
If you create a machining program that performs P ₂ → P ₃ machining with a turning angle of 5 °, interference will occur in step 2. This interference is analyzed by the program analysis unit 83.

Therefore, in consideration of the dimensions of α, β, γ stored in the data storage unit 77, the machining program creating unit 81 creates the interference avoiding program as shown in FIG. That is,
In FIG. 6, in step 2, the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the turning axis of the grindstone head 19 are controlled at the same time, thereby avoiding interference and outputting from the program output unit 85.

The operation of teaching the grindstone 21 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 7. If it is determined in step S1 whether or not the teaching is completed, and if the teaching is not completed, the teaching is performed in step S2. If the teaching is completed, α, in step S3
The arithmetic processing unit 75 performs arithmetic processing on the values of β and γ, and temporarily stores the data of α, β, and γ in the data storage unit 77 in step S4, and then ends.

The operation of creating the interference avoiding machining program will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 8. In step S5, the machining program creating unit 81 executes a program for two simultaneous X and Y axes of the grindstone head 19 from the input unit 79. Read in. Α, β, γ temporarily stored in the data storage unit 77 in step S6
Is read into the machining program creating section 81.

In step S7, the program analysis unit 83 analyzes the program. As a result, it is determined in step S8 whether or not they interfere with each other. If there is no interference, the program output unit 85 outputs the program as it is in step S9.

If it is determined in step S8 that there is interference, step S1
At 0, the X-axis, Y-axis, and turning axis of the grindstone head 21 are simultaneously controlled to create a program for avoiding interference, and at step S11, the program is output from the program output unit 85 and the process ends.

In this way, since an interference avoiding machining program in which the grindstone 21 does not interfere with the work W can be easily created, when the actual grinding is performed based on this machining program, the grindstone 21 does not interfere with the work W and is smooth. Can be processed into

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be implemented in other modes by making appropriate changes.

[Effects of the Invention] As will be understood from the above description of the embodiments, according to the present invention, a program for simultaneous two-axis by the X-axis and the Y-axis of the grinding wheel head is read, and then the previously determined turning axis is read. The program is analyzed by reading the X-axis and Y-axis distances between the center of the and the center of the whetstone tip radius and the radius of curvature of the whetstone tip radius. Based on the result of this analysis, if it is determined that the grindstone interferes with the workpiece when the grindstone head is swiveling, a machining program that controls the grindstone head to simultaneously control the X-axis, Y-axis, and swivel axis to avoid the interference is easy. Can be created.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the main part of the present invention, a block diagram of a configuration for creating an interference avoidance machining program, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an example of teaching a grindstone on a screen, and FIG. 3 is a turning center of a grindstone head. Fig. 4 is an example diagram showing the relationship between the turning center of the grindstone head for calculating the values of α, β, γ and the grindstone, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the grindstones. Is an explanatory diagram for creating an interference avoiding machining program because it does not interfere with the work, FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the teaching operation, FIG. 8 is a flowchart for creating the interference avoiding machining program, and FIG. 9 is in FIG. IX is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line IX, FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG. 9, FIG. 11 is a plan view in FIG. 9, and FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the grindstone head and the grindstone. The plan view shown in FIG. 13 is an optical system of an embodiment for carrying out the present invention. Front view of the stomach grinding machine, FIG. 14 is a right side view in Figure 13. 1 ... Optical copying grinder, 17 ... Revolving base 19 ... Grindstone head, 21 ... Grindstone 35 ... Screen, 59 ... Servo motor 73 ... Teaching section, 75 ... Arithmetic processing section 77 ... Data storage section, 79 ... Input section 81 ... Machining program creation part 83 ... Program analysis part 85 ... Program output part

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A process of grinding a workpiece with a grindstone by moving a grindstone head equipped with a freely rotatable grindstone in an optical copying grinding machine in the X-axis and Y-axis directions and rotating about a turning axis. As a program creating method, a program of simultaneous two-axis by the X-axis and Y-axis of the grindstone head is read, and then the X-axis and Y-axis between the center of the swivel axis and the center of the grindstone tip radius which are obtained in advance are read. The distance and the radius of curvature of the whetstone tip radius are read and the program is analyzed. If it is determined that the whetstone interferes with the workpiece when the whetstone head is turning, the whetstone head is simultaneously moved to the X-axis, Y-axis and turning axis. A method for creating a machining program in an optical copying grinding machine, which is characterized in that a machining program is created so as to avoid interference.