JPH07508910A - 外科用超音波ハンドピース,および振動および線形動特性を維持するエネルギ・イニシエータ - Google Patents
外科用超音波ハンドピース,および振動および線形動特性を維持するエネルギ・イニシエータInfo
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- JPH07508910A JPH07508910A JP6513106A JP51310694A JPH07508910A JP H07508910 A JPH07508910 A JP H07508910A JP 6513106 A JP6513106 A JP 6513106A JP 51310694 A JP51310694 A JP 51310694A JP H07508910 A JPH07508910 A JP H07508910A
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- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/32007—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with suction or vacuum means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
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Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
外科用超音波ハンドピース、および振動および線形動特性を維持するエネルギ・
イニシェーク
1、発明の分野
本発明は、外科用超音波ハンドピース、および始動時および負荷下の振動および
線形動特性を維持するエネルギ・イニシエータに関する。更に、外科用超音波ハ
ンドピースの一部としての管状構造(flue construcHon)およ
び長形のテーパ状パイプ・ツール構造が、エネルギ・イニシエータを含む回路に
より付勢される振動トライバによって駆動される。
2、開示の背景
本文に記述されているのは、長形のテーパ状パイプ・ツールの振動および線形動
特性を開始して維持するエネルギ・イニンエータ回路を備えた外科用超音波I\
ンドビースである。管状部(flue)は、前記ツールと同軸状に存在する。
米国特許第4.223.676号は、管状部が振動ツールを包囲する先端部で終
る長手方向に振動する切開ツー・ルを有する外科用超音波ハンドピースを開示し
ている。米国特許第4.223,676号の開示は、同特許における外科用機器
がこれに開示され請求されたものによって実質的に先例され改善されているため
、参考のため本文に援用され、当該開示の一部とされる。この米国特許第4.2
23.676号の教示により作られるハンドピースが、約10.2cm (4イ
ンチ)より短い長さであり更に約17.8Cm(ツイフチ)より短い長さの延長
部を持ったツールを有する。これまで、約17.8cm(ツイフチ)より大きな
ツールの要求は満たされておらず、このような長形のツールを用いるのに必要な
管状部および振動エレクトロ二ノクスは開発されていなかった。
当訪開示における譲受人により所有される米国特許第4,747.820号は、
体部が管状部アダプタに対して回転できるように構成された堅牢なプラスチック
管状部、即ちハンドピースの遠端部に取付けられた部片を具有する。この体部と
アダプタとは、特に管状部体部に曲ったツールを収容するためカーブが存在する
場合に、その間の相対的な回転運動を許容するための2つの別々に作られた堅牢
なプラスチック部分である。支持リブを持つ可撓性に富むポリマーの別の管状部
が示され、適当な連結形態を持つ堅牢なアダプタに収受されるものとして記述さ
れている。
長形ツールが潅注と冷却流体を長形ツールの先端部付近の事前吸引口に供給する
ためより長い管状部を必要とすることは論理的と思われるが、多くの未解決の技
術的事項は構成要素の長さを単に延長することを越えた解決法を必要としている
。管状部の構造の長さを増すためには、必要な強度を持たせて長形ツールの大き
くなったサイズの全てをカバーするの1こ必要な冷却流を提供する改善を必要と
する。ここに開示された管状部は、患者を損なわないように、かつガスケットの
如き使用が容易な方法でハンドピースを封止するために柔軟なポリマーから作ら
れることが望ましい。シリコーン・ゴムの如き軟質ポリマーは、非常に小さな桁
強さ即ち曲げ強さを持ち、従って、長形ツールからの支持がないと、例え長形ツ
ールが内部で同軸状に配置されても撓み、管状部は重力の作用力下で長形ツール
に抗するように反りことがあり、このためツールの振動を減衰する。このように
、周囲の即ち包囲する冷媒が中心から外れた管状部の変位によって阻害され、管
状部と長形ツールとの間の同心性を維持する必要が依然として未解決の問題のま
まである。
更に、長形ツールの全ての側面および全域に等しく接近するように潅注流体の分
散は、長手方向に関する問題である。流体の流れは、重力ならびに管状部の反長
い先端部における振動を開始するためには、電子振動回路は、不要の隣接する共
振状態で電気機械的振動系を平衡(即ち、ロックアツプ)させる始動時の遷移オ
ーバーシュートを避けるために特別の注意を必要とする。前記の隣接的な不要の
共振は、特に低い方の基本共振を有する長形の機械的振動体によって存在する。
高調波は、振動体の長さの関数として、(高調波あるいは極の)周波数領域にお
けるより短い間隔を結果として生じる基本周波数の整数倍である。例えば、米国
特許第4.587,958号は、始動時の遷移条件において結果として生じる開
始スパイク即ちオーバーシュートではな(、予め定めた平坦量に波形を維持する
ことによって電力増幅器を遷移電流が過剰に駆動することを阻止する始動時イン
パルス低減回路を有する。必要とされるものの2倍以上となり得るスパイクを阻
止するためピーク電流波形の抑制が有効であることが認められるが、相互コンダ
クタンス演算増幅器に対する電力付加率を制御する回路は開示されていない。
ピーク開始電流が増幅器性能に影響を及ぼす唯一の要因ではないことが理解され
る。始動後で負荷下の一貫した動作特性については、発振回路における増幅器へ
電力が供給される率は、米国特許第4.587,958号には開示されない方法
で特に制御されねばならない。増幅器の応答特性における通常の変動が、特定の
種類の特定の増幅器が入力電力に応答する状態に著しく影響を及ぼし得る。この
ような変動の低減および均一な応答が望ましい。
機械的な残響システムを駆動する電気回路への単なる電力の供給における問題は
、このシステムのばね定数と調和して振動するよう設計された機械的構造の共振
周波数の同調の結果として生じる。電気的駆動回路は本質的に柔軟性に富み、機
械的システムよりも更に容易に幾つかの周波数で振動し得る。その結果、電子回
路の駆動刺激が所定の共振周波数と異なる周波数で機械的構造を付勢し得る。
エレクトロエックスにより与えられる駆動とは独立的である音響バイブレータの
多くの機械的共振モードが存在する。この状態が生じると、機械的システムは、
有効な変位を生じない状態で振動することになり、電気的発振器からのエネルギ
出力が浪費される。駆動周波数が機械的システムの高調波と一致することを保証
するため濾波を用いることができるが、これは複雑な回路設計を必要とし、現在
ある発振回路に対して改装することはできない。動作周波数が機械的システムの
望ましい共振周波数になるように振動の開始および維持を制御する方法が要求さ
れる。
&服9嬰房
エネルギ・イニシエータは、望ましくは約23キロヘルツの予め定めた周波数で
動作する外科用超音波ハンドピースを駆動するための電子発振器を含んでいる。
振幅制御部は、超音波振動レベルの設定を許容するよう電子発振器を動作させる
ことができる。周波数調整器が振幅制御部と電子発振器との間に接続されること
カ望マしい。周波数制御フィードバック・ループは、予め定めた望ましい周波数
付近の外科用超音波ハンドピースの線形動特性を維持する周波数調整器の一部で
あり得る。
相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器は、周波数制御フィードバック・ループの利得を
制御するための電子発振器の一部として含めることができる。相互コンダクタン
ス演算増幅器に対する単位時間当たりの電流付加を遅延するため回路を振幅制御
部に接続することにより、始動時その他における超音波機器に対する遷移の影響
を改善することが望ましい。この回路は、1つの方向へ電流付加を遅延しかつ他
の電流の流れ方向において回路をリセットする切換えシステムを含む。相互コン
ダクタンス演算増幅器は、その出力電流がバイアス電流およびそれに対する入力
電圧に正比例する電流出力装置であることが望ましい。動作中、バイアス電流は
、周波数制御フィードバック・ループに対する利得または振幅の調整として働く
ことができる。この回路は、相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器へ印加されるバイア
ス電流をも制限する緩速始動を与えることにより、始動時の周波数応答およびこ
れからの出力電流を変更し、あるいはこれに印加されるピーク・バイアス電流を
制限する。この緩速始動回路は、相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器に対する全バイ
アス電流の印加の遅延を設定するための抵抗/キャパシタンス・ネットワークを
含む。
外科用超音波ハンドピースは、種々の長さあるいは形態の交換可能な超音波ツー
ルを含む。使用中、基部で把持されたハウジングがハンドピースを制御する。
トランスジューサがこのハウジング内部に看かれ、このハウジングの軸心に沿っ
て配置される。このトランスジューサは、その−次共振を外科手術のため充分な
運動をするように望ましい周波数付近で且つその軸心に沿って振動させるように
選定あるいは設計される。結合部材が、トランスジューサに対して適合され、前
記ハウジング内で軸心に沿ってトランスジューサから離れる方向に延長すること
が望ましい。パイプ・ツールは、各パイプ・ツールが、ツール、結合部材および
トランスジューサの組立体が望ましい周波数および(または)波長付近で振動す
るように同調された異なる長さおよび(または)形態になるよう、結合部材に対
して交換自在に取付は可能である。波長は、動作周波数により除される材料内の
音速に等しい。前記緩始動回路、即ちエネルギ・イニシエータ回路は、交換自在
なツールを振動させる電子発振器に関して使用することができる。交換可能な取
付はツールの長さは、パイプ・ツールが作られた材料とその形態の関数であり、
ツールはこれにより望ましい予め定めた周波数、即ち23キロヘルツで共振する
ように同調される。このパイプ・ツールは、1波長より長く、少なくとも4分の
5波長、あるいは4分の7波長であるこ1が最も望ましい。
外科用超音波ハンドピースのパイプ・ツールに対して冷媒を指向するための管状
部は、中心を通る軸心に対してかつパイプ・ツールを貫通して同心同軸状に延長
するための、中空であり長形で半硬質である中心胴部を含む。漏斗部は、最も望
ましくは中心胴部の一端部にあり、パイプ・ツールの振動先端部内に貫通して挿
入される時この先端部を最初に収受するように近位Iに配置される。ノズルは前
記漏斗部とは反対側にあって中心胴部に取付けられている。このノズルは、パイ
プ・ツールと中心胴部との間の環状空間からの流体を環状に流れるように指向す
るため、外科用超音波ハンドピースの遠端部の振動先端部に向けてテーパ状にな
っている。前記漏斗部とノズルは、中心胴部の材料より柔軟であるジュロメータ
硬度を持つ柔軟材料から作られることが望ましい。中心胴部は、ジュロメータ硬
度がより大きいことが望ましい。中心胴部の弾性率は、漏斗部またはノズルのい
ずれの弾性率より大きいことが最も望ましい。中心胴部は、ポリスルフォン管材
の如き押し出し成形された透明なポリマーであることが望ましい別体片から作ら
れる。ノズルおよび漏斗部は、成形されたシリコーン・ゴムから作られ、両者間
の窪み即ち小径部によって相互に接続されてこの窪みが支持用の押し出し成形さ
れた透明管によって包囲されるようにする。
中心体部は、別個に、望ましくは、またあるいは中心胴部の近郊に接着される漏
斗部より大きなジュロメータ硬度を持つシリコーン・ゴムの成形構造で作られる
。ノズルは、断面積がより小さい故に同じシリコーン・ゴムで成形されるが中心
胴部よりも柔軟性に富んでいる。
漏斗部は、いずれかの管状部構造において、冷却/事前吸引流体を供給するため
の管材を収受するための肩部を持つ開口を含む。補強縁部は、いずれかの結合部
において、振動先端部に対してノズルを同軸状に配置する同心状支持部として働
くようにノズル内部で長手方向に延長し、これにより環状空間内に流れる流体が
前記縁部間で案内されることが望ましい。
図面の簡単な説明
図1は、内部を示し内部の構成要素を示すためにハウジングの一部を取除いた外
科用超音波ハンドピースの斜視図、
図2は、断面による管状部と内部の長形のテーパ状パイプ・ツールの側面図であ
り、図1の線2−2に関する断面において見える如きそれらの相対的な同軸状の
配lを示す図、
図3は、図2における線3−3に関する断面において見える如き図2の管状部と
長形のテーパ状パイプ・ツールの断面図、図4は、パイプ・ツールが4分の7波
長までの長さである長手方向に沿って生じる応力と変位の振幅を示すプロ・ット
に並べてパイプ・ツールを示す図、図5は、パイプ・ツールが4分の5波長まで
の長さである長手方向に沿って生じる応力と変位の振幅を示すプロットに並べて
パイプ・ツールを示す図、図6は、図1の外科用超音波ハンドピースを23キロ
ヘルツで駆動する電子構成要素の概略ブロック図、
図7は、コンデンサの充電率により制御されるランプ回路を有する望ましいエネ
ルギ・イニシェークの細部を示す図6のブロックとして示された緩速始動回路、
即ちエネルギ・イニシェーク回路の概略ブロック図である。
発明の詳細な説明
請求の範囲は、特に事例として示され説明される振動および線形動特性を維持す
る、クシ材用超音波ハンドピース、管状部あるいはエネルギ・イニシエータに対
する構造に限定されるものではない。請求の範囲は、発明に先立つ当業者の知識
に照らして変更されあるいは考察される如き本願の請求の範囲の記載により定義
される発明に先立つ当業者の現在の知識に照らして検討されるべきものである。
本文において用いられる如く、近いあるいは後方とはユーザに近いことを意味し
、遠いあるいは前方とは患者に近いことを意味する。幾つかの図面に見出される
如き参照番号は、構成要素が同じである場合に同じである。
図1は、トランスジューサ12と、電気コイル13と、外科用超音波ハンドピー
ス10の長手方向を表わす軸心Aに沿って貫通して延長する結合部材14とを囲
むハウジング11を含む外科用超音波ハンドピースlOを示す一部断面斜視図で
ある。ハウジング11の前方には、このハウジング11からその遠端部16まで
テーパ状をなすノーズ・コーン15が存在し、この遠端部にはその付近で軸方向
に振動する金属片即ち切開パイプ・ツール24を同軸状に包囲するノーズ・コー
ン延長管状部17が取付けられる。前記の軸方向に振動する切開パイプ・ツール
24は金属であることが望ましいが他のものでよく、パイプ・ツール24の先端
部18は前記管状部17を越えて軸心Aに沿って長平方向に延長する。米国コロ
ラド州Boulder、Longbow Drive5920のValleyI
ab社製のCUSAシステム200が、本文に開示する変更された構成要素を駆
動するため用いられた。
潅注および吸引のための2本のチューブ20.21からなるマニフォールド組立
体19は、軸心Aに平行に位置するようにそれぞれハウジング11の頂部および
側部に位置する。チューブ20は、先端部18に向けて流れるように管状部17
を介する無菌の潅注流体および冷却流体を供給するように、遠端部16付近で管
状部17に接続している。結合部材14によって先端部18に生じる振動は、音
響波と応力を生じて、結果として一部のエネルギを熱に変換することになる。
吸引チューブ21は、(以下に述べるように管状部17と内孔22(図3参照)
との間に入口を提供する、図2、図4および図5のみに示される小径の)予備呼
吸口18aの少なくとも一方を介して流体を吸引する。パイプ・ツール24の内
孔22は、先端部18とチューブ21の結合部23との間に延長する。
図2において、図1の線2−2に関して示されるように、管状部17の拡大断面
側面図が示される。図1および図2において、管状部17の望ましい全長が図に
入り切らないので、細部が見えなくなる程度、あるいは直径と長さの関係が歪め
られ、外科用超音波ハンドピース10と管状部17と切開端部18の相対的長さ
の理解ができない程に外科用超音波ハンドピース10の断面を縮小することなく
、管状部17が一部を落として短く示されている。
動作において、先端部18は、強度が高く軽屋で結合部材より低い密度、かつ生
物学的に不活性であるように、望ましくは約6.3mm (4分の1インチ)の
外径および約2mm (約0.078インチ)の内径のチタン合金チューブから
作られた長形のテーパ状金属パイプ・ツール24の作用端部である。パイプ・ツ
ール24は、音響振動体の部分である時、望ましい実施例において先端部18が
約200マイクロメートル(0,008インチ)の移動量即ち最大ストロークで
軸心Aに沿って長手方向に往復運動するように、毎秒23.000サイクルの望
ましい振動数で振動するよう設計される。チューブ20内の潅注流体は、管状部
17と長形パイプ・ツール24との間の環状空間内を通過して、このツールから
熱を取る。
潅注流体は、図2、図4および図5で先端部18付近に示される予備吸引口18
aを介して吸上げられ、結合部・23を経てノーズ・コーン15付近でチューブ
21へ戻される。このように潅注流体が流れ、冷却中に、内孔22を介して手術
部位から取除くため切開組織や血液の如き残層の運動を助けることができる。先
端部18の長手方向の超音波振動はこれが接触する組織を粉砕(fragmen
【)する。振動の変位(excursion)、即ち振幅および周波数は、電子
的に維持され、本文に述べるように、振動が長形のパイプ・ツール24のガウス
特性設計即ち高調波設計、および実施される外科手術の要件に一致するようにあ
る程度調整可能である。望ましい共振周波数およびチップの変位を生じるための
パイプ・ツール24の設計の動作パラメータが図4および図5に示され、これら
の図はそれぞれ7/4波長および5/4波長の長形パイプ・ツールを示している
。
振動先端部18の超音波運動は、パイプ・ツール24の形態および長さと関連し
ており、図4および図5に示されるように、振動先端部18の自由端部における
変位が最大になる。故障を避けるため、振動パイプ・ツール24の一部はガウス
カーブ特性で整形され、その結果前記自由端部の変位が増加しても、実質的に平
坦な応力をもたらす。上記の望ましい寸法を持つチタン合金製のパイプ・ツール
においては、23キロヘルツの周波数における各波長の軸方向スパンは、約22
゜1cm(8,フインチ)である。このため、パイプ・ツール24の全長は、5
/4波長に対しては約30.5cm (12インチ)、7/4波長に対しては約
40゜6cm(15インチ)となる。
多数の形状、ならびにその組合わせは、機械的共振子として理論的に取扱って用
いられた。軸方向における最大弾性応力の領域を拡張することにより更にできる
だけ大きな振幅を生じるように適当な形状による試み(米国特許第2. 984
゜154号参照)が行われた。特定の技術的用途が共振要素の数量を4つ、即ち
、入力、ノードおよび出力の断面、および伝達比に制限したので、結果として生
じる振動問題の解決は、振動パイプ・ツール24のテーパ状部分に対するガウス
特性である関数を導く。
チューブ25.26は、図1における矢印により示される如き外科用超音波ハン
ドピース10に対する冷媒の循環を行う。先に述べたように、トランスジューサ
12の音響振動は、電気的エネ・ルギを軸心Aに沿ってパイプ・ツール24を経
て振動先端部18に至る長手方向の機械的振動運動へ変換する。望ましいトラン
スジューサ12は、電気コイル巻線13に流れる振動電流を生じる磁界により付
勢されるニッケル合金のラミネート層構造を有する音響振動子である。コイル巻
線13は、毎秒23,000サイクル(23キロヘルツ)の交流で励起される。
結果として生じる望ましいニッケル合金のラミネート構造の長手方向の振動運動
は、ノーズ・コーン15の遠端部から振動先端部18の遠端部まで延長する望ま
しいテーパ状のチタン合金のパイプ・ツール24によって増幅される。このパイ
プ・ツール24は、トランスジューサ12に対してねじ27でその間に介挿され
た結合部材14を用いて取付けられる。延長するチタンのパイプ・ツール24の
テーパ状壁部は、これが毎秒23,000サイクルで振動する如き1!械的構造
となるように設計される。
図2に示された管状部17の一実施例は、管状部17の端部が柔軟で可撓性に富
むことが望ましいので、異なるポリマー材料から作られることが象ましい。中心
で長年方向に貫通する軸心Aの周囲で同軸状に延長するため中空で長形の半剛性
である中心胴部28がある。中心胴部28は、近端部は漏斗部29で終り、遠端
部ではノズル30で終っている。管状部17は、比較的弾性に富む性質を持つこ
とにより漏斗部29が外科用超音波ハンドピース10のノーズ・コーン15上に
固く嵌合して使用されたシリコーン・ゴムの弾性により流体蜜のガスケット状の
シール31を形成する、シリコーン・ゴムから主として作られることが望ましい
。
図1および図2において、管状部17は、約29cm(11,5インチ)である
その望ましい長さより短く示される。漏斗部29における直径は、管状部17が
そのノズル30に向けて略々テーパ状を呈する如くである。中心胴部28は、全
体にわたって中空である。補強リッジ32がノズル30内部を長手方向に延長し
ている。凹部34が、中心胴部28の外側を囲繞し、近くはノズル30からノズ
ル30のテーパ部まで延長している。この凹部34は、図示した実施例における
補強のため周囲に中空の支持用シリンダ35を収受するように設計される。中空
の支持用シリンダ35は、中心胴部28の曲げに対して補強するため凹部34内
に収まる寸法の押し出し成形されたポリスルフォンの管状形態であることが望ま
しい。あるいはまた、中心胴部28は、より剛性の大きな構造、即ち、図にはこ
のような大きな剛性の成形材料の断面の様子は明らかでなく、その一体構造は特
に図示されていないが、更に大きな弾性を持つ共押し出し成形材料の肉厚の壁部
で作ることができる。当業者であれば、これがいかに達成できるかは理解できる
であろう。
漏斗部29は、軸心Aおよび中心胴部28の残部に対して直径方向に全体的に拡
大されて(゛する。この漏斗部29は、その内側と外側との間に流体の流通ボー
ト36を含んでいる。このポート36は、流体を内部の肩部のある開口37に配
置するチューブ20から通過させるように構成され、その近い面38がら遠方に
延長する。流体は、チューブ20からポート36を経て管状部17へ流れ、特に
管状部17とパイプ・ツール24との間の環状空間33に流れる。補強リッジ3
2は、(漏斗部29または中心胴部28より小さな断面積を有する)ノズル30
を支持して、同軸状に貫通する振動先端部18付近でテーバ状のチタンの振動パ
イプ・ツール24に対して同心状に保持する(図2および図3参照)。更に重要
なことは、リッジ32がパイプ・ツール24あるいは振動先端部18を緊締せず
に、依然として潅注流体と冷媒の流れを分離して、その結果パイプ・ツール24
に沿って先端部18に対してこれが層状に流れるようにすることである。その結
果、冷媒は流れかりフジ32間にあるように案内される。
特に、図2、図4および図5によく示されるように、長形のテーパ状パイプ・ツ
ール24が、その患者に接触する端部(細片化用)において振動先端部18を有
し、かつ近端部(取付は用)においてねじ嵌合部39を有する。ねじ27は、図
1に示されるように、長形のテーバ状パイプ・ツール24の結合部材14に対す
る取外し自在な接続を可能にする。長形のテーパ状パイプ・ツール24は、ねじ
27を有する延長部41と、約17mm(1/4インチ)の直径を持つ約15a
m(5インチ)の長さの直線状パイプとから作られることが望ましい。延長部4
1は、約2mm (0,078インチ)の内径を持つ中空のものである。延長部
41の遠端部において図5に部分断面で示されるねじ結合部(ねじ27から離れ
ている)は、ツール24の振動先端部18の後部42と共働する。即ち、ツール
24は、約2. 5mm (0,1インチ)の前方部における直径にテーパ状を
呈する振動先端部18からなっている。後方部の直径は、約6mm(7/32イ
ンチ)であり、先端部18の長さは約9cm(3,5インチ)である。小さな肩
部43は、約5.5cm(21/8インチ)であり、直径が約7mm (1/4
インチ)である中空シリンダ44の始端を画定する。中空シリンダ44は、ねじ
結合部により延長部41へ保持されて、5/4波長のパイプ・ツール24に対す
る長形のテーバ状パイプ・ツール24の全長が約30cm (12インチ)とな
るようにする。774波長は、1/2波長だけ、即ち、約9 1/2cm(4,
3インチ)長い。増えた長さは、延長部41の遠端部と中空シリンダ44との間
に付加された図4に示される中空スペーサ42による。この中空スペーサ42も
また、中空シリンダ44と同じ内径と外径である。
外科用超音波ハンドピース10は、周波数調整器に対する緩速始動回路即ち回路
45と本文で呼ばれるエネルギ・イニシエータ45によって駆動される。回路4
5は、図6のブロック図に略図的に示され、図7に特に示される。周波数調整の
ためのエネルギ・イニシエータ45は、共振特性および変動する負荷における動
作が可能である外科用超音波ハンドピース10により駆動される如き振動先端部
18の予め設定された振動モードおよび線形動特性を維持する。電子発振器46
が、外科用超音波ハンドピース10を予め定めた周波数、望ましくは23キロヘ
ルツで駆動する。図6における制御パネル47における振幅制御部は、電子発振
器46に接続される。制御パネル47の振幅制御は、超音波振動レベルの手動の
設定を可能にする。望ましくは全波整流器48の形態における周波数調整器は、
制御パネル47の振幅制御部と電子発振器46間を接続する。周波数制御フィー
ドバック・ループ49は、周波数調整器を含み、全波整流器48と帯域通過フィ
ルタ50のブロックを形成する破線によって示される。周波数制御フィードバッ
ク・ループ49は、使用中、外科用超音波ハンドピース10と振動パイ、プ・ツ
ール24の線形動特性を略々予め定めた周波数に維持する。切開用のパイプ・ツ
ール24からのフィードバック51は、帯域通過フィルタ50を介して周波数制
御フィードバック・ループ49へ送られる。
電子発振器46の一部として含まれる相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52は、周
波数制御フィードバック・ループ49に対する利得を制御する。特に、切開尖端
部からのフィードバック51は、低域通過ノツチ・フィルタ53を介して相互コ
ンダクタンス演算増幅器52へ送られる。パルス波の図は、(図6にブロックと
して示される)回路構成要素の作用を示しかつ電子発振器46の望ましい実施例
の動作を規定するべ(図6全体に示されている。
制御パネル47の振幅制御部に接続された緩速始動回路45は、外科用超音波ハ
ンドピース10の振動パイプ・ツール24における遷移の作用を改善するため、
相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52に対する単位時間当たりの電流印加速度を減
じる。図7に示された緩速始動回路45は、単位時間当たりの電流印加速度を減
じるための一方向にこの回路45を付勢し、消勢と同時に、相互コンダクタンス
演算増幅器に対する単位時間当たりの電流印加速度を減じる用意をさせるためこ
の回路をリセットする。外科用超音波/1ンドピース10が再始動または負荷時
に遷移の影響を受ける時、回路45は演算相互コンダクタンスに対する入力を遅
延させる用意がある。望ましいスイッチング・システムは、電子発振器46の遮
断および始動に従ってコンデンサを充電し放電するために使用される増幅器トラ
ンジスタでよい。この作用は図6における加算増幅器54に関して上記のパルス
波図に示される。
図7は、緩速始動回路45が、バイパス・バッファ56と並列のランプ回路55
を含む破線ブロックとして示される。電子発振器46が動作しておらず緩速始動
回路45が始動するよう設定されるならば、足踏みスイッチ57その他により許
容される如き制御パネル47からの電力の流れが電流をランプ回路55へ送る。
ランプ回路55におけるコンデンサが充電されて、このため速度に依存する始動
を生じる。
相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52は、電流出力装置であり、この電流出力装置
からの出力電流がそのバイアス電流と入力電圧とに正比例して、定常状態の動作
時にはバイアス電流が周波数制御フィードバック・ループ49に対する利得即ち
振幅の調整として働く。緩速始動回路45は、相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器5
2に対する単位時間当たりのバイアス電流印加速度を減じることにより、始動時
に相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52へ印加されるバイアス電流を制限し、また
これにより周波数応答およびこれからの出力電流を修正するため振幅制御部に接
続している。
緩速始動回路45は、相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52に対する単位時間当た
りのバイアス電流印加速度を減じるため、制御パネル47の振幅制御部に接続し
ている。この緩速始動回路は、同様に相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52に対す
るピーク・バイアス電流の印加速度を制限することができ、始動時における過剰
駆動バイアス電流を阻止する。緩速始動回路45は、既に調べたように、相互コ
ンダクタンス演算増幅器52に対する全バイアス電流の印加を遅延させるための
抵抗/キャパシタンス・ネットワークを含むこともできる。
■
寸
国際調査報告
国際調査報告
υS 9308614
フロントページの続き
(72)発明者 クレイツマン、アレクサンダー・ニスアメリカ合衆国ニューヨ
ーク州11357.ビーチバースト、ワンハンドレッドシックスティース・スト
リート 9−IS
(72)発明者 オーリッチネイ、マイケル・ディーアメリカ合衆国コロラド用
80301.ボールダー、ホワイト・ロック・サークル 4781−ビー
(72)発明者 ローズ、エメリー・ニスアメリカ合衆国ニューヨーク州111
06.クィーンズ、アストリア、32 ストリート
Claims (21)
- 1.共振特性および変動負荷時の動作が可能である外科手術用超音波器具の予め 設定された振動モードと線形動特性を維持する周波数調整器用のエネルギ・イニ シエータ45であって、 予め定めた周波数で前記超音波器具を駆動する電子発振器46と、前記電子発振 器46に接続されて、超音波振動レベルの設定を可能にする振幅制御部と、 前記振幅制御部と前記電子発振器46との間の周波数調整器と、前記超音波器具 の線形動特性を前記予め定めた周波数の付近に維持する、前記周波数調整器にお ける周波数制御フィードバック・ループ49と、前記周波数制御フィードバック ・ループ49に対する利得制御のため、前記電子発振器46の一部として含まれ る相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52と、前記外科手術用超音波器具における遷 移の作用を改善するため、前記振幅制御部に接続されて、前記相互コンダクタン ス演算増幅器52に対する単位時間当たりの電流印加速度を減じる回路55と を備えるエネルギ・イニシエータ。
- 2.前記回路55が、該回路55を前記単位時間当たりの電流印加速度を減じる 一方向に付勢し、消熱と同時に、前記外科手術用超音波器具が始動時または負荷 時に遷移の作用を受ける時、前記回路55に相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52 に対する単位時間当たりの電流印加速度を減じる用意をさせるよう該回路をリセ ットするため付設されたスイッチング・システムを含む請求項1記載のエネルギ ・イニシエータ。
- 3.前記相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52が、電流出力装置であり、該電流出 力装置からの出力電流がバイアス電流と入力電圧とに正比例して、定常状態の動 作時に前記バイアス電流が前記周波数制御フィードバック・ループ49に対する 利得即ち振幅の調整として働く請求項1記載のエネルギ・イニシエータ。
- 4.前記振幅制御部に接続されて、前記相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52に対 する単位時間当たりのバイアス電流印加速度を減じる前記回路55が、始動時に 前記相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52に印加されるバイアス電流を制限して周 波数応答および出力電流を修正する請求項3記載のエネルギ・イニシエータ。
- 5.前記振幅制御部に接続されて、前記相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52に対 する単位時間当たりのバイアス電流の印加速度を減じる前記回路55が、前記相 互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52に対して印加されたピーク・バイアス電流を制 限して、始動時に過剰駆動するバイアス電流を阻止する請求項4記載のエネルギ ・イニシエータ。
- 6.前記回路55が、前記相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52に対する全バイア ス電流の印加を遅れさせる抵抗/キャパシタンス・ネットワークを含む請求項5 記載のエネルギ・イニシエータ。
- 7.種々の異なる長さおよび形態またはいずれかの交換可能な外科手術用超音波 器具用のハンドピースであって、 使用中手近に保持される、前記ハンドピースを保持するハウジング11と、前記 ハウジング11の内部にあって、軸心に沿って配置され、少なくとも1つの望ま しい周波数および波長付近で外科手術に充分な運動をするように前記軸心に沿っ て振動するよう選択されるトランスジューサ12と、前記トランスジューサ12 に嵌合され、該トランスジューサ12から前記ハウジング11内部の前記軸心に 沿って遠方に延長する結合部材と、各パイプ・ツール24が少なくとも1つの望 ましい周波数および波長付近で振動するよう同調された異なる長さおよび形態ま たはそのいずれかを呈するように、前記結合部材に対して取付け可能なパイプ・ ツール24と、共振特性において変動負荷時に動作することが可能である外科手 術用超音波器具の予め設定された振動モードおよび線形動特性を維持する、周波 数調整器に対するエネルギ・イニシエータ45と を備え、該エネルギ・イニシエータが、前記トランスジューサ12を駆動する電 子発振器46と、前記電子発振器46に接続されて、超音波振動レベルの設定を 可能にする振幅制御部と、 前記振幅制御部と前記電子発振器46との間の周波数調整器と、前記外科手術用 超音波器具の線形動特性を望ましい周波数付近に維持する、前記周波数調整器に おける周波数制御フィードバック・ループ49と、前記周波数制御フィードバッ ク・ループ49に対する利得制御のため、前記電子発振器46の一部として含ま れる相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52と、前記振幅制御部に接続されて、前記 相互コンダクタンス演算増幅器52に対する単位時間当たりの電流印加速度を減 じて、前記外科手術用超音波器具に嵌合される異なる長さおよび形態またはその いずれかの取付け可能なパイプ・ツール24の動作を改善する回路55とを含む ハンドピース。
- 8.前記各パイプ・ツール24が、前記ハンドピースの音響的構造の一部である 時、約23キロヘルツの少なくとも1つの望ましい周波数付近で振動するように 同調された異なる長さおよび形態またはそのいずれかを呈する請求項7記載の前 記結合部材に取付け可能なパイプ・ツール。
- 9.変位長さが、約23キロヘルツの望ましい周波数付近で振動するように同調 された各パイプ・ツール24の材料、長さおよび形態の関数である請求項8記載 の前記結合部材に取付け可能なパイプ・ツール。
- 10.前記各パイプ・ツール24の長さが、一波長より大きく、少なくとも5/ 4波長、あるいは7/4波長である請求項9記載の前記結合部材に取付け可能な パイプ・ツール。
- 11.振動する長形のパイプ・ツール24を有し、該バイブ・ツール24を包囲 する環状空間を形成し、かつハンドピースから前記パイプ・ツール24上の振動 先端部18まで延長する外科用超音波ハンドピース用の管状部17であって、中 心を通る軸心と同軸状に、かつ前記パイプ・ツール24を介して延長するように 中空で長形の半剛性である中心胴部28と、内部に挿入される時、前記パイプ・ ツール24の振動先端部18を最初に収受する、近い部分として前記中心胴部2 8の一端部における漏斗部29と、前記中心胴部上の漏斗部29と反対側にあっ て、前記環状空間からの流体の環状流を指向するため前記外科用超音波ハンドピ ースの振動遠端部18に向けてテーパ状を呈するノズル30と を備える管状部。
- 12.少なくとも前記漏斗部29と前記ノズル30とが、約30のジュロメータ 硬度を有する弾性材料から作られる請求項11記載の超音波ハンドピース用の管 状部。
- 13.前記中心胴部28が、前記ノズル30または前記漏斗部29よりも高いジ ュロメータ硬度を有する材料から作られる請求項11記載の超音波ハンドピース 用の管状部。
- 14.前記中心胴部28の騨性率が、前記ノズル30または前記漏斗部29のい ずれかの弾性率より大きい請求項11記載の超音波ハンドピース用管状部。
- 15.前記中心胴部28が、前記ノズル30または前記漏斗部29より高いジュ ロメータ硬度を有する材料から作られ、該漏斗部29が前記ハンドピースの周囲 に封止口部31を有する請求項11記載の超音波ハンドピース用の管状部。
- 16.前記中心胴部28が、押し出し成形された透明なポリスルフォン・チュー ブである請求項15記載の超音波ハンドピース用の管状部。
- 17.前記ノズル30および前記漏斗部29が、シリコーン・ゴムから成形され 、小径の凹部34によって相互に接続され、該凹部34が押し出し成形された透 明なポリスルフォン・チューブにより包囲される請求項16記載の超音波ハンド ピース用の管状部。
- 18.前記ノズル30および前記中心胴部28が、該中心胴部28の近傍部分に 接着される前記漏斗部29より高いジュロメータ硬度を有するシリコーン.ゴム の成形構造である請求項11記載の超音波ハンドピース用の管状部。
- 19.前記漏斗部29が、シリョーン・ゴムで成形され、約20のジュロメータ 硬度を有する請求項18記載の超音波ハンドピース用の管状部。
- 20.前記漏斗部29が、冷却流体および予備吸引流体を供給するチューブを収 受する肩部付き開口37を含む請求項11記載の超音波ハンドピース用の管状部 。
- 21.前記ノズル30の内部で長手方向に延長する補強リッジ32が、前記超音 波ハンドピースの振動先端部18に対して前記ノズル30を同心状かつ同軸状に 支持するように働き、前記管状部17と前記振動先端部18間の環状空間を通る 流体が、潅注を案内するために前記管状部とノズル先端部間に同心性を維持する 請求項11記載の超音波ハンドピース用のノズル。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US98293692A | 1992-11-30 | 1992-11-30 | |
| US982,936 | 1992-11-30 | ||
| PCT/US1993/008614 WO1994012108A1 (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-09-17 | An ultrasonic surgical handpiece and an energy initiator to maintain the vibration and linear dynamics |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07508910A true JPH07508910A (ja) | 1995-10-05 |
| JP2554851B2 JP2554851B2 (ja) | 1996-11-20 |
Family
ID=25529663
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6513106A Expired - Fee Related JP2554851B2 (ja) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-09-17 | 外科用超音波ハンドピース,および振動および線形動特性を維持するエネルギ・イニシエータ |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5421829A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0768840B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2554851B2 (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE210408T1 (ja) |
| AU (2) | AU672227B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2150487C (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE9321021U1 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2168278T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1994012108A1 (ja) |
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- 1993-09-17 EP EP93921528A patent/EP0768840B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-17 DE DE9321021U patent/DE9321021U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-17 CA CA002150487A patent/CA2150487C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-17 AT AT93921528T patent/ATE210408T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-17 WO PCT/US1993/008614 patent/WO1994012108A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-09-17 ES ES93921528T patent/ES2168278T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-17 DE DE69331343T patent/DE69331343T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-17 JP JP6513106A patent/JP2554851B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1994
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- 1996-07-29 AU AU60788/96A patent/AU691118B2/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69331343T2 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
| AU691118B2 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
| JP2554851B2 (ja) | 1996-11-20 |
| ES2168278T3 (es) | 2002-06-16 |
| US5421829A (en) | 1995-06-06 |
| AU6078896A (en) | 1996-10-24 |
| AU4858893A (en) | 1994-06-22 |
| WO1994012108A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| EP0768840B1 (en) | 2001-12-12 |
| ATE210408T1 (de) | 2001-12-15 |
| DE9321021U1 (de) | 1995-09-07 |
| CA2150487A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| CA2150487C (en) | 2000-11-21 |
| EP0768840A1 (en) | 1997-04-23 |
| DE69331343D1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
| AU672227B2 (en) | 1996-09-26 |
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