JPH076797B2 - 2-axis rotating laser - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laser used for automatic measurement of excavator excursion in a tunnel machine excavation method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in a tunnel machine excavation method using a tunnel excavator such as a shield machine or a tunnel borer, in order to confirm whether or not the tunnel is excavated as planned, the horizontal displacement of the tunnel excavator is checked. And vertical deviations are measured.

The most general method of surveying is
As shown in FIG. 6, the horizontal displacement amount of the tunnel excavator A is visually measured by the transit 101 and the horizontal staff 102, and the vertical displacement amount of the tunnel excavator A is level 1.
This is a manual visual surveying method in which visual measurement is performed by using 03 and the vertical staff 104.

As another surveying method, as shown in FIG. 7, a gyro compass 20 capable of measuring the deflection angle of the excavator A is used.
1 and the water level gauge 202 to which the communication pipe principle is applied, the relative horizontal displacement amount is calculated from the excavation movement distance of the excavator A and the deflection angle measured by the gyro compass 201, and the water head of the water level gauge 202 is calculated. This is a method of measuring the position with a water pressure converter or the like to measure the relative amount of vertical deviation, and is a method capable of automatic measurement.

In addition to these, there is a measuring method utilizing the straightness of the laser beam. In this method, as shown in FIG. 8, a laser beam emitting device 3 arranged behind the excavator A is used.
The laser beam L is emitted from 01 on the planned line of the tunnel or in parallel to the planned line to visually measure the irradiation spot S of the laser beam L on the tunnel excavator A portion, an image processing device such as a video camera, or a two-dimensional position. This is a method capable of automatic measurement by measuring the position with a laser beam detector 302 such as a sensor and calculating the horizontal deviation and the vertical deviation.

[0006]

The horizontal excursion amount and the vertical excursion amount of the tunnel excavator A must be measured regularly or at regular intervals as the excavator A advances. However, with the manual visual survey method, excavation is interrupted after each survey and a plurality of survey technicians perform surveys. Since this survey requires a considerably long time, it is disadvantageous in improving the efficiency of excavation, labor saving, and automation of excavation. Moreover, there is a problem that human error is likely to occur in the survey.

The method using the gyro compass 201 and the water level gauge 202 can continuously measure the horizontal displacement amount and the vertical displacement amount of the tunnel excavator A without interrupting the excavation. However, since the skid of the excavator A cannot be measured by the gyro compass 201, the horizontal error may increase as the excavation progresses. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly correct the horizontal deviation by another method.

In the conventional method using a laser beam, the absolute deviation amount from the horizontal and vertical planned lines can be measured with one laser beam L, continuous automatic measurement can be performed, and skid can be prevented. There is no risk of error. However, in this method, it is necessary to install the laser beam detector 302 on the optical path of the laser beam L and also on a shield machine (excavator), and it takes a lot of time and effort to align the laser beam detector 302. become. In addition, since the light receiver has a large volume because it has a built-in camera for image processing and the like, a mounting space cannot be secured in a shield machine having a diameter of 2000 mm or less.

Therefore, as shown in FIG.
The rotary laser 401 that rotates the laser beam and projects it on the object
A laser beam LV that rotates on a vertical plane parallel to the planned line and a laser beam LH that rotates on a plane parallel to the planned line and orthogonal to the vertical line are used to measure the deviation amount of the excavator A. I invented to perform leveling at the same time.

The laser 401 used in this prior invention is
For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the laser beam emitting unit 4
11, the laser beam L output from the laser beam emitting unit 411 is deflected at a right angle, and an optical element 412 such as a pentaprism provided rotatably around its incident optical axis and this optical element 412 are rotated. And a driving device 413.

When this laser 401 is used, the irradiation points of the laser beams LH and LV move on a horizontal or vertical linear scanning line on the object, so that the laser beam detector 402H for horizontal deviation detection is used. If the laser beam detector 402L for vertical displacement detection is installed at an arbitrary position on the scanning line of each laser beam LH, LV, the horizontal displacement amount and the vertical displacement amount of the excavator A can be measured simultaneously, and You can also level out at the same time.

Therefore, each laser beam detector 402
The H and 402L need only be aligned in one of the vertical and horizontal directions, and the labor and time required to install the laser beam detectors 402H and 402L can be significantly reduced. did it.

However, according to this prior invention, 2
It is necessary to use the rotary laser 401 of the table at the same time,
There is a problem that it takes time and time to adjust the rotation planes of the laser beams LH and LV of the two rotary lasers 401 to the vertical or the planned gradient, respectively.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a laser beam detector for automatic surveying can be installed in an excavator easily and in a short time, and a tunnel excavator with high accuracy can be provided. It is an object of the present invention to provide a biaxial rotation type laser capable of automatically measuring a deviation amount and having a simple structure.

[0015]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laser beam emitting unit 1 and a laser beam L emitted from the laser beam emitting unit 1 as shown in FIG. 1, for example. A beam splitter 2 for splitting and outputting in two directions orthogonal to each other, and an optical element provided so as to deflect each of the split laser beams L1, L2 in a perpendicular direction and rotatable about respective incident optical axes. 3a and 3b, and drive devices 4a and 4b that rotate the optical elements 3a and 3b, respectively.

[0016]

[Operation] The laser beam L emitted from the laser beam emitting unit 1 is converted into two laser beams L by the beam splitter 2.
By splitting into 1 and L2, and deflecting and rotating at right angles by the optical elements 3a and 3b, the split laser beams L1 and L2 simultaneously rotate around two orthogonal rotation axes.

From the rear of the excavator A, these two rotating laser beams L1 and L2 rotate on the vertical plane where one laser beam L1 passes through the planned line of the tunnel and the other one. When irradiation is performed while rotating on a sloped plane orthogonal to the vertical plane on the planned line, the projections of both laser beams L1 and L2 on the excavator A draw vertical scanning lines and horizontal scanning lines. .

The horizontal deviation and the vertical deviation of the excavator A can be determined by visually measuring the intersection of the scanning lines or by arranging a laser beam detector at the intersection or any point on each scanning line. You can measure automatically.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a principle view of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an essential part of a biaxial rotation type laser according to an embodiment of the present invention. This biaxial rotation type laser is a laser beam emitting unit. 1 and
Laser beam L emitted from laser beam emitting unit 1
Beam splitter 2 that divides the beam into two and outputs in two different directions
And the optical elements 3a and 3b, which rotate the respective divided laser beams L1 and L2 in the directions at right angles, and rotate around the respective incident optical axes, and the optical elements 3a and 3a.
and drive devices 4a and 4b for rotating b respectively.

The laser beam emitting unit 1 comprises a laser element 11 for converting electric energy into light energy, and an optical system 12 arranged on the optical path of a laser beam L output from the laser element 11.

The laser element 11 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a helium laser element, a neon laser element, a semiconductor laser element or the like which is generally used in civil engineering, construction, surveying and the like. In this embodiment, a semiconductor laser device that is compact but capable of outputting a powerful laser beam is used.

The beam splitter 2 is arranged at an angle of 45 ° on the emission optical axis L0 of the laser beam emission unit 1,
A pentaprism 3a as an optical element for deflecting the laser beam L1 passing through the beam splitter 2 at a right angle is arranged behind the beam splitter 2 on the emission optical axis L0, and makes the laser beam L2 reflected by the beam splitter 2 at a right angle. Penta prism 3b as an optical element for deflecting
Are arranged on the optical axis orthogonal to the emission optical axis L0 at the spectral point P.

Each of the driving devices 4a and 4b may be configured to rotate the penta prisms 3a and 3b around the incident optical axis of the penta prism 3a or the penta prism 3b. For example, similarly to a drive device that drives an optical element that deflects a laser beam in a known rotary laser, it may be configured by a motor that can control rotation with high precision, such as a servo motor or a stepping motor.

The installation point O of this laser is a laser beam L deflected by both pentaprisms 3a and 3b.
It is set to the point where 1 and L2 intersect.

As shown in FIG. 3, this laser is arranged behind the tunnel excavator A, and one laser beam L1 rotates on the vertical plane parallel to the planned line of the tunnel, and the other laser beam L1 When irradiation is performed while rotating on a gradient plane parallel to the line and orthogonal to the vertical plane, both laser beams L are excavated on the excavator A.
The projection of 1 and L2 draws a vertical scanning line and a horizontal scanning line.

By arranging the laser beam detector 5H at an arbitrary point on each vertical scanning line and arranging the laser beam detector 5V at an arbitrary point on a horizontal scanning line, the horizontal displacement of the excavator A can be obtained. Vertical deviation can be automatically measured.

That is, the laser beam detector 5H for detecting the horizontal deviation may be installed by adjusting only the horizontal position at an arbitrary position on the vertical scanning line. Since the light beam detector 5V needs to be installed by adjusting only the vertical position at any position on the horizontal scanning line, it is much easier than the case where the vertical and horizontal positions are adjusted and installed. Moreover, the position can be adjusted in a short time.

Further, the absolute deviation amount of the excavator A from the horizontal and vertical planned lines can be continuously automatically measured by the laser beam L, and there is no possibility of causing an error with respect to skid. Highly accurate measurement is possible.

In addition, a laser beam L emitted in two directions
1 for laser beam emitting unit 1 as a light source for L2
Since one laser beam emitting unit 1 is shared,
The structure is simple and can be implemented easily and inexpensively.

In addition to the measurement of the deviation amount of the tunnel excavator A, this laser can also be used for positioning at right angles, positioning in two directions at right angles, positioning in one direction, and the like.

For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the laser beam L1, on two vertical planes xz, yz intersecting each other at right angles.
By rotating L2, it is possible to perform right-angled positioning around the intersection line of both vertical planes xz and yz, and at the same time to position the laser in four directions at 90 ° intervals from the installation point.

As shown in FIG. 5, the laser beam L
By rotating 1 and L2 with respect to the vertical plane xz and the horizontal plane xy, it is possible to perform the right-angled positioning and the positioning on the x-axis where the vertical plane xz and the horizontal plane xy intersect.

Further, the pile driving position and the equipment setting position P1, P
When positioning 2, P3, ..., etc., as shown in FIG. 5, one laser beam L1 is rotated on a horizontal plane xy, and the other laser beam L2 is on a vertical plane xz oriented in a predetermined direction. By rotating at, the pile driving position, each instrument installation position P1, P2, P3, ..., And the like on a straight line where the laser beams L1 and L2 intersect on a predetermined horizontal plane xy,
And it can be indexed in a short time.

[0034]

As described above, according to the present invention, the laser beam emitted from the laser beam emitting unit is divided by the beam splitter into two directions which are orthogonal to each other, and the divided laser beam is outputted. The laser beams can be simultaneously rotated on two planes orthogonal to each other by deflecting the optical elements by the drive device around the incident optical axis while deflecting the optical elements in the right-angle direction.

Therefore, by arranging the laser beam detector at an arbitrary point on the vertical scanning line and arranging the laser beam detector at an arbitrary point on the horizontal scanning line,
Horizontal excursion and vertical excursion of the excavator can be automatically measured and level can be set.

That is, the laser beam detector for detecting the vertical deviation needs only to adjust the position in the horizontal direction at the time of installation, and the laser beam detector for detecting the horizontal deviation only needs to adjust the position in the vertical direction at the time of installation. Therefore, the laser beam detector can be easily installed in the excavator in a short time.

Since the laser beam can be used to measure the absolute deviation amount from the horizontal and vertical planned lines,
Highly accurate deviation measurement can be performed continuously.

In addition, since one laser beam emitting unit is commonly used as the laser beam emitting unit as the light source of the laser beam emitted in two directions, the structure is simple and can be implemented easily and inexpensively. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a principle diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part of a biaxial rotation type laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a method of measuring a deviation amount of a tunnel face and a leveling method using an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a principle diagram of positioning in four directions and right-angled positioning using one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a positioning method on one horizontal line according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional method of measuring the deviation amount of a tunnel face by visual inspection.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of another conventional method for measuring the deviation amount of a tunnel face using a gyro compass and a water level gauge.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional method for measuring the deviation amount of a tunnel face by a laser.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a deflection amount measuring method for a tunnel face according to the prior invention.

FIG. 10 is a principle diagram of a conventional rotary laser.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Laser Beam Emitting Unit 2 Beam Splitter 3a Penta Prism 3b Penta Prism 4a Driving Device 4b Driving Device L Laser Beam L1 Laser Beam L2 Laser Beam

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A laser beam emitting unit (1), and a beam splitter (2) for dividing and outputting a laser beam (L) emitted from the laser beam emitting unit (1) in two directions orthogonal to each other. Each divided laser beam (L
1) and (L2) are deflected at right angles, and the optical elements (3a) and (3b) are rotatably provided around the respective incident optical axes, and the optical elements (3a) and
Drive devices (4a) and (4) for rotating (3b) respectively.
b) A two-axis rotary laser comprising: [0001]