JPH0785667B2 - Electric motor - Google Patents
Electric motorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0785667B2 JPH0785667B2 JP62206912A JP20691287A JPH0785667B2 JP H0785667 B2 JPH0785667 B2 JP H0785667B2 JP 62206912 A JP62206912 A JP 62206912A JP 20691287 A JP20691287 A JP 20691287A JP H0785667 B2 JPH0785667 B2 JP H0785667B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- superconductor
- electric motor
- moving body
- piezoelectric
- rotary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、小型にして軽量な電動機に関し、特に、超音
波技術及び超伝導技術を適用した電動機に関するもので
ある。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a small and lightweight electric motor, and more particularly to an electric motor to which ultrasonic technology and superconducting technology are applied.
従来、小型にして軽量な電動機の一種として超音波モー
タと通称されるものが知られており、この超音波モータ
の代表的構成例としては、弾性体と圧電素子列とを２層
に接着して円環状又は直線状に形成して撓み振動を行わ
せる第１の要素と、回転子等の移動体として動作させる
板状の第２の要素と、前記複数の圧電素子に対して位相
の異なる複数の交流電圧を印加する第３の要素、及びこ
れらの各要素を支持する第４の要素から構成されるもの
がある。Conventionally, what is commonly called an ultrasonic motor is known as a kind of small and lightweight electric motor. As a typical configuration example of this ultrasonic motor, an elastic body and a piezoelectric element array are bonded to two layers. And a plate-shaped second element that operates as a moving body such as a rotor and has a different phase with respect to the plurality of piezoelectric elements. Some are composed of a third element that applies a plurality of alternating voltages and a fourth element that supports each of these elements.
この超音波モータにおいては、第１の要素の圧電素子に
対して第３の要素より交流電圧を印加させることにより
第１の要素に撓み振動を発生させ、第１の要素と当該第
１の要素に接着させた第２の要素との間に生ずる摩擦力
により第２の要素を回転又は平行移動させることにより
電動機として動作させるものである。その具体例は、例
えば、日経マグロウヒル社発行の「日経エレクトロニク
ス（No.423,1987年６月15日号,PP.111〜117）」に発表
されている。In this ultrasonic motor, a bending vibration is generated in the first element by applying an AC voltage from the third element to the piezoelectric element of the first element, and the first element and the first element The second element is operated as an electric motor by rotating or translating the second element by a frictional force generated between the second element and the second element bonded to the second element. A specific example thereof is published in "Nikkei Electronics (No.423, June 15, 1987, PP.111-117)" published by Nikkei McGraw-Hill, Inc.
しかしながら、前記従来の超音波モータにおいては、第
１の要素の撓み振動部と第２の要素の移動体との間の摩
擦によって摩耗劣化するという問題があった。However, the conventional ultrasonic motor has a problem that it is worn and deteriorated due to friction between the flexural vibration part of the first element and the moving body of the second element.
本発明は、前記問題点を解決するためになされたもので
ある。The present invention has been made to solve the above problems.
本発明の目的は、第１の要素の撓み振動部と第２の要素
の移動体との間の摩擦をなくすることができる技術を提
供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of eliminating friction between the flexural vibration part of the first element and the moving body of the second element.
本発明の目的は、耐久性に優れた小型、軽量の電動機を
提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a small and lightweight electric motor having excellent durability.
本発明の前記ならびにその他の目的と新規な特徴は、本
明細書の記述及び添付図面によって明らかになるであろ
う。The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.
本願において開示される発明の電動機においては、超伝
導体と弾性体と圧電素子列とを３層に接着して円環状又
は直線状に形成した第１の要素と、超伝導体をループ状
に形成した第２の要素と、前記第１の要素における複数
の圧電素子に対して位相の異なる複数の交流電圧を印加
する第３の要素を備えたことを最も主要な特徴とするも
のである。In the electric motor of the invention disclosed in the present application, a superconductor, an elastic body, and a piezoelectric element array are adhered to three layers to form a first element formed in an annular or linear shape, and a superconductor in a loop shape. The most main feature is that the second element formed and the third element for applying a plurality of alternating voltages having different phases to the plurality of piezoelectric elements in the first element are provided.
前述の手段によれば、撓み振動を行わせる部分の表面に
超伝導体を接着するとともに、移動体として動作させる
ループ状の部分に超伝導体を設けることにより、前記移
動体に永久電流を流して磁界を発生させ、撓み振動を行
う部分の表面に接着した超伝導体の反磁性効果（マイス
ナー効果）による磁気斥力により、移動体と撓み振動を
する部分とを非接触状態とするとともに、前記反磁性効
果による磁気斥力により移動体を駆動することができる
（撓み振動を行う部分と移動体との摩擦力により移動体
駆動する前記従来技術とは移動体の駆動原理が根本的に
異なる）ので、前記従来技術のように摩擦力を利用する
方式とは異なり摩耗劣化が生じない。これにより、耐久
性に優れた小型、軽量の電動機を提供することができ
る。According to the above-mentioned means, a superconductor is adhered to the surface of a portion where flexural vibration is performed, and a superconductor is provided in a loop-shaped portion that operates as a moving body, so that a permanent current is passed through the moving body. The magnetic repulsive force by the diamagnetic effect (Meissner effect) of the superconductor adhered to the surface of the part that vibrates flexibly vibrates the moving body and the part that vibrates vibrates in a non-contact state. Since the moving body can be driven by a magnetic repulsive force due to the diamagnetic effect (the driving principle of the moving body is fundamentally different from that of the above-mentioned prior art in which the moving body is driven by the frictional force between the portion that performs flexural vibration and the moving body). Unlike the method of utilizing the frictional force as in the above-mentioned conventional technique, wear deterioration does not occur. This makes it possible to provide a small and lightweight electric motor having excellent durability.
以下、本発明の一実施例を図面を用いて具体的に説明す
る。An embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.
なお、実施例を説明するための全図において、同一機能
を有するものは同一符号を付け、その繰り返しの説明は
省略する。In all the drawings for explaining the embodiments, parts having the same function are designated by the same reference numerals, and repeated description thereof will be omitted.
第１図は、本発明を回転形電動機に適用した一実施例の
概略構成を示す展開分解図、第２図は、第１図に示すII
−II切断線で切断した断面図、第３図は、第１図に示す
III−III切断線で切断した断面図である。FIG. 1 is a development exploded view showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotary electric motor, and FIG. 2 is a II shown in FIG.
-II is a sectional view taken along the line II, and Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 1.
It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected by the III-III cutting line.
本実施例の回転形電動機は、第１図に示すように、樹脂
等の磁界を通過させる物質からなる回転板1A中に超伝導
体11が波状の円環状に配設された回転移動体１と、前記
超伝導体11と対向して配設された超伝導体からなる突起
状部23を有する振動体２が備えられている。この振動体
２に２枚の圧電セラミック板3A,3Bがλ/4（λは振動の
波長）だけずらして重ね合わせられた圧電セラミック積
層体（以下、圧電素子列という）３が接着されている。
そして、圧電セラミック板3A、3Bのそれぞれの上にはそ
れぞれ電極3A1、3B1が設けられ、それぞれ位相が90度異
なる交流電圧を加える。圧電セラミック板3A,3Bは、支
持台４に設けられている支持部4Aで支持されている。As shown in FIG. 1, the rotary electric motor of this embodiment has a rotary moving body 1 in which a superconductor 11 is disposed in a wavy annular shape in a rotary plate 1A made of a substance such as resin that allows a magnetic field to pass therethrough. And a vibrating body 2 having a protruding portion 23 made of a superconductor and arranged so as to face the superconductor 11. A piezoelectric ceramic laminate (hereinafter referred to as a piezoelectric element array) 3 in which two piezoelectric ceramic plates 3A and 3B are overlapped with each other with a shift of λ / 4 (λ is a vibration wavelength) is bonded to the vibrating body 2. .
Then, electrodes 3A 1 and 3B 1 are provided on the piezoelectric ceramic plates 3A and 3B, respectively, and AC voltages having phases different by 90 degrees are applied to them. The piezoelectric ceramic plates 3A and 3B are supported by a support portion 4A provided on the support base 4.
前記回転移動体１は、第１図及び第２図に示すように、
樹脂等の磁界を通過させる物質からなる回転板1A中に超
伝導体を波状の円環状（ループ状）に形成された波状の
円環状超伝導体11が設けられている。その波状の円環状
超伝導体11の超伝導の性質を利用して永久電流が流され
るようになっている。この波状の円環状超伝導体11の波
の周期は、前記振動体２の基体部の下面に接着されてい
る圧電素子列３の配列周期とは互いに素の数となるよう
に構成されている。The rotary moving body 1 is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
A corrugated annular superconductor 11 is provided in which a superconductor is formed in a corrugated annular shape (loop shape) in a rotating plate 1A made of a substance such as resin that allows a magnetic field to pass therethrough. A permanent current is made to flow by utilizing the superconducting property of the wavy annular superconductor 11. The wave cycle of the wavy annular superconductor 11 is configured to be relatively prime to the array cycle of the piezoelectric element rows 3 bonded to the lower surface of the base portion of the vibrating body 2. .
前記振動体２は、第２図に示すように、上面側の超伝導
体21と弾性体22とを重ねた突起状部23を円環状に配列
し、弾性体22の基体部の下面に圧電素子列３が接着され
ている。超伝導体21は反磁性効果を有する超伝導物質か
らなり、弾性体22は例えばシリコンゴム等の弾性物質か
らなっている。また、前記振動体２の突起状部23の超伝
導体21は、第３図の振動体２の振幅特性曲線（Ｙは回転
移動体１の回転方向をＸとしたときの振動体２の半径方
向距離、Ｚは振動体２の振動方向、Ｐは振幅が最大とな
る点、Ｑは振幅が最小となる点である）に示す振幅が最
大となる点Ｐに設けられ、このＰ点で出力を取り出す。
また、支持台４の支持部4Aは、第３図の振幅特性曲線の
最小となる点で固定される。As shown in FIG. 2, the vibrating body 2 has a projecting portion 23 in which a superconductor 21 on the upper surface side and an elastic body 22 are superposed and arranged in an annular shape, and a piezoelectric body is formed on the lower surface of the base portion of the elastic body 22. The element array 3 is adhered. The superconductor 21 is made of a superconductor having a diamagnetic effect, and the elastic body 22 is made of an elastic substance such as silicon rubber. Further, the superconductor 21 of the projecting portion 23 of the vibrating body 2 is an amplitude characteristic curve of the vibrating body 2 in FIG. 3 (Y is a radius of the vibrating body 2 when the rotational direction of the rotary moving body 1 is X). Direction distance, Z is the vibration direction of the vibrating body 2, P is a point where the amplitude is maximum, and Q is a point where the amplitude is minimum). Take out.
The support portion 4A of the support base 4 is fixed at the minimum point of the amplitude characteristic curve of FIG.
なお、前記圧電素子列３は、電圧を印加することにより
伸縮するいわゆる圧電効果を有する圧電物質の小片を、
同じ電圧を印加した時に伸縮する方向がそれぞれ逆向き
となるように、交互に円環状に配列したものにしてもよ
い。The piezoelectric element array 3 is a small piece of a piezoelectric material having a so-called piezoelectric effect that expands and contracts when a voltage is applied.
They may be arranged in an annular shape alternately so that the directions of expansion and contraction when the same voltage is applied are opposite to each other.
そして、前記超伝導体が液体ヘリウム，液体窒素，液体
水素等の極低温から常温までのいずれの環境下に配置さ
れるかは、その材料に応じて選択される。The environment in which the superconductor is placed, such as liquid helium, liquid nitrogen, or liquid hydrogen, from very low temperature to room temperature is selected according to the material.
次に、本実施例の回転形電動機の動作を簡単に説明す
る。Next, the operation of the rotary electric motor of this embodiment will be briefly described.
前記第１図に示すような構造を有する要素の圧電素子列
に位相が90度異なる２相の交流電圧を印加すると、圧電
素子の伸縮により圧電素子列３と超伝導体21及び弾性体
22からなる突起状部23を有する振動体２は、撓み（たわ
み）振動を行い、かつこの振動は圧電素子列３に印加す
る電圧の極性に応じて進行方向が逆転する進行波を形成
する。一方、回転移動体１の波状の円環状超伝導体11は
永久電流により磁界を発生させており、この磁界との振
動体２上の突起状部23の超伝導体21の反磁性効果によ
り、回転移動体１上の波状の円環状超伝導体11と前記突
起状部23の超伝導体21との間に斥力が生じ無接触状態で
保持することが可能となる。また、前記突起状部23の超
伝導体21は撓み振動を行い、かつこの振動は進行波を形
成するため突起状部23の超伝導体21と回転移動体１の波
状の円環状超伝導体11との間に生じる斥力は、波状に形
成された円環状超伝導体11の波の周期と圧電素子列３の
配列周期が互いに素の数としているため、回転移動体１
の波状の円環状超伝導体11と突起状部23の超伝導体21と
の間に生じる斥力に不平衡状態が発生し、前記突起状部
23の超伝導体21が行う撓み振動の進行波とは逆方向に回
転移動体１が回転する。When a two-phase AC voltage having a phase difference of 90 degrees is applied to the piezoelectric element array having the structure shown in FIG. 1, the piezoelectric element array expands and contracts, the piezoelectric element array 3, the superconductor 21, and the elastic body.
The vibrating body 2 having the protruding portion 23 made of 22 performs flexural vibration, and this vibration forms a traveling wave in which the traveling direction is reversed depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element array 3. On the other hand, the wavy annular superconductor 11 of the rotary moving body 1 generates a magnetic field by a permanent current, and due to this magnetic field, the diamagnetic effect of the superconductor 21 of the protrusion 23 on the vibrating body 2 causes A repulsive force is generated between the wavy annular superconductor 11 on the rotary moving body 1 and the superconductor 21 of the protrusion 23, and it is possible to hold the superconductor 21 in a non-contact state. Further, since the superconductor 21 of the protrusion 23 performs flexural vibration, and this vibration forms a traveling wave, the superconductor 21 of the protrusion 23 and the wavy annular superconductor of the rotary moving body 1 The repulsive force generated between the rotating moving body 1 and the piezoelectric element array 3 is a prime number because the wave period of the wavy annular superconductor 11 and the array period of the piezoelectric element rows 3 are relatively prime numbers.
An unbalanced state occurs in the repulsive force generated between the wavy annular superconductor 11 and the superconductor 21 of the protrusion 23,
The rotary moving body 1 rotates in the direction opposite to the traveling wave of the flexural vibration performed by the superconductor 21 of 23.
前述の動作説明から明らかなように、振動体２と回転移
動体１とが無接触状態を保持する電動機が実現できる。As is clear from the above description of the operation, it is possible to realize the electric motor in which the vibrating body 2 and the rotary moving body 1 maintain the non-contact state.
以上、本発明を実施例にもとづき具体的に説明したが、
本発明は、前記実施例に限定されるものではなく、その
要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々変更可能であること
は言うまでもない。The present invention has been specifically described above based on the embodiments,
It is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments and can be variously modified without departing from the scope of the invention.
例えば、前記実施例では、本発明を回転形電動機に適用
した例で説明したが、本発明は、リニア形電動機にも適
用できる。For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to a rotary electric motor has been described, but the present invention can also be applied to a linear electric motor.
以上、説明したように、本発明によれば、回転移動体部
分と撓み振動体部分とを無接触状態に保持し回転移動体
部分と撓み振動体部分との摩擦劣化の発生を無くし、耐
久性に優れた小型、軽量の電動機を実現できるという効
果がある。As described above, according to the present invention, the rotary moving body portion and the flexural vibration body portion are held in a non-contact state, the occurrence of frictional deterioration between the rotary moving body portion and the flexural vibration body portion is eliminated, and durability is improved. It is possible to realize an excellent small and lightweight electric motor.
第１図は、本発明を回転形電動機に適用した一実施例の
概略構成を示す展開分解図、第２図は、第１図に示すII
−II切断線で切断した断面図、 第３図は、第１図に示すIII−III切断線で切断した断面
図である。 図中、１……回転移動体、２……振動体、３……圧電素
子列、11……超伝導体からなる波状の円環状超伝導体、
21……超伝導体、22……弾性体、23……突起状部であ
る。FIG. 1 is a development exploded view showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotary electric motor, and FIG. 2 is a II shown in FIG.
-II is a sectional view taken along the cutting line, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the cutting line III-III shown in FIG. In the figure, 1 ... Rotating moving body, 2 ... Vibrating body, 3 ... Piezoelectric element array, 11 ... Wavy annular superconductor composed of superconductor,
21 ... Superconductor, 22 ... Elastic body, 23 ... Projection.
Claims (1)
接着して円環状又は直線状に形成した第１の要素と、超
伝導体をループ状に形成した第２の要素と、前記第１の
要素における複数の圧電素子に対して位相の異なる複数
の交流電圧を印加する第３の要素を備えたことを特徴と
する電動機。1. A first element in which a superconductor, an elastic body, and a piezoelectric element array are adhered in three layers to form an annular or linear shape, and a second element in which the superconductor is formed in a loop shape. And a third element for applying a plurality of alternating voltages having different phases to the plurality of piezoelectric elements in the first element.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62206912A JPH0785667B2 (en) | 1987-08-20 | 1987-08-20 | Electric motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62206912A JPH0785667B2 (en) | 1987-08-20 | 1987-08-20 | Electric motor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6450772A JPS6450772A (en) | 1989-02-27 |
| JPH0785667B2 true JPH0785667B2 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
Family
ID=16531137
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62206912A Expired - Fee Related JPH0785667B2 (en) | 1987-08-20 | 1987-08-20 | Electric motor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0785667B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105429432B (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-10-13 | 新乡学院 | A kind of continuous output device of superconduction Meisser effect process acting |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3493274A (en) | 1967-12-18 | 1970-02-03 | Little Inc A | Magnetic support systems |
-
1987
- 1987-08-20 JP JP62206912A patent/JPH0785667B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3493274A (en) | 1967-12-18 | 1970-02-03 | Little Inc A | Magnetic support systems |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6450772A (en) | 1989-02-27 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |