JPH0796802B2 - Building - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial field of application> The disclosed technology is used for constructing a building such as a general household for consumer use.
It belongs to the technical field of building structures in which outer shell materials such as panels are fastened to the frame materials such as columns and beams from the outside with joints such as bolts.

<Summary of summary> Thus, the invention of this application forms a room space in which a predetermined number of frame members such as columns and beams to be floored on the base of a building such as the present house form a room, An invention relating to a building in which an outer shell material such as a bearing wall or a floor plate is attached to the frame material, and the frame material forms a frame surrounding the chamber space and has a resistance to horizontal and vertical directions In particular, before and after flooring, two structural laminated materials should not be inserted into the outer shell of the room space defined by the frame material, such as special timbers such as timber and studs. While connecting only the core material consisting of a heat insulating material to form an outer shell material composed of a sandwich shape, it is joined by a joining tool such as nails, while the plurality of frame materials are joined by bolts etc. which are easy to handle. Securely fasten through the tool, and the outside of the frame The invention relates to a building in which shells are integrally engaged to form a framework so as to obtain a proof stress and to improve safety.

<Conventional technology> With so-called unit type houses and 2x4 (two-by-ho) construction methods, a wealth of technical information can be obtained, and construction work is actively carried out in the direction of systematization of production. As a result, technologies in related industrial fields have been introduced and expanded in various ways to contribute to the improvement of civic life.

And nowadays, columns and girders of buildings such as private houses,
Promptness and flexibility of construction on site due to various constraints such as absolute labor shortage of workers such as Japanese style, Western style houses and carpenters, craftsmen, etc. formed of structural members such as beams, inconvenience of material procurement Every year, it has been replaced by a unit-type house designed to promote the building, and in the housing industry, products standardized by JIS have become the majority of building materials.

In addition, as the production of general urban houses progresses, the functional value such as the aesthetics of impressive wood texture and durability of wood has been re-examined, and it is extremely delicate for people living in each region. With the growing desire for wooden houses that are inherently residential, it is not only wood that is used simply because of its price and productivity merits, but also the taste of personal life where you can directly touch the wood visually. The emergence of houses along the line has become high in terms of habitability due to the enhancement of air conditioning equipment.

Thus, in addition to the advantage of the manufacturer that can meet various demands and demands of customers, the so-called 2 × 4 (two-by-ho) construction method also provides the user with a sense of liberation from the wide living space. It has been adopted for large-scale buildings because it has the advantage of being able to obtain a certain living space, and nowadays it can be widely used as a structural element that forms the framework of an emerging wooden structure (laminated wood structure) building structure that uses laminated wood. It is also reliable in terms of strength, has good workability, is inexpensive, and retains the quality of wood. It has been adopted in a wide range of structures such as public facilities such as stations, educational facilities, factories, warehouses, etc. Is becoming.

<Problems to be solved by the invention> However, in general, as a wooden construction, columns are erected on a foundation that is placed as a foundation, girders and beams are placed around the columns, and a frame is solidified by passing through a space between the columns to form girders and beams. With a small roof on top, grass,
The roof is made of roof tiles, metal plates, etc., the floor and ceiling are placed inside the room, and walls are built around it. Depending on the structure of the timber frame, it took a considerable amount of time, labor, and manpower to complete the delivery, and required considerable skill for building.

Also, for example, in the case of a concrete house that uses steel as a frame material, it is difficult to secure sufficient interinability such as floor plans, and even at the planning stage it becomes considerably expensive, and it is not suitable for the common people, The mode of on-site construction of wooden construction that can be obtained at a low price and that makes full use of the workability of wood occupies a strong demand for a long time. Therefore, the conventional construction method is economical and durable in terms of strength. However, there is a drawback that construction is limited.

And because the former wooden house is less likely to have a fireproof structure due to its mainly used materials, it lowers the reliability in safety and has advantages such as earthquake resistance compared to other general brick and stone buildings. However, the use of refractory material is indispensable, which is disadvantageous in that it takes a lot of time and materials, and the ratio to the construction cost increases.

On the other hand, the structure using the large cross-section laminated timber (so-called gluerum beam) of the above-mentioned new wooden structure can be constructed with confidence through the various researches and developments, beyond the limits of conventional pillars and beams. It is widely used because of its high strength and reliability, good workability as it does not lose wood quality, low cost and good feel.

Furthermore, even though it is the same processed wood, a thin plate-like component material such as a laminated board typified by a veneer board has recently come to exhibit amazing strength and resistance as a structural veneer laminated material, and a wall material. , Is often used for building parts such as floor boards.

<Object of the invention> The object of the invention of this application is the technical problem to be solved for the material procurement of the building based on the above-mentioned conventional technology and the construction technology, and when forming a space and flooring a house, Even though the structure is a pillar structure, a frame material that retains sufficient strength to form a framework and an outer shell material made of laminated wood are used to simplify the load bearing structure itself. Is produced in a country rich in timber, is easy to process, convenient to procure, and uses wood with a beautiful texture that has been familiar since ancient times, as well as earthquake resistance, decay resistance, fire resistance, especially The purpose of the present invention is to provide an excellent building which is excellent in dew condensation resistance and which is useful in the field of application of construction technology in the construction industry.

<Means and Actions for Solving the Problem> In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the structure of the invention of the present application, which is based on the above-mentioned object, forms a room space of a building such as a house. Introducing laminated wood that is easy to procure as a frame material that forms a frame and can be easily carried to the site, and before or after the formation of a framework that is fixed to the foundation, the laminated wood is a room space such as a ceiling, roof plate, or floor material. It is used as an outer shell material and is attached from the outside of the frame material, and the outer shell material is provided with a heat insulating material without sandwiching a special wood material such as a rafter or a stud. The partition wall is movably built by, for example, partitioning the room space by using two laminated materials that are sandwiched together as constituent members to take measures to improve the condensation resistance. It is a thing.

<Example> Next, an example of the invention of this application will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 1 (1A ... 1E) is a well-known laminated lumber with a large cross section, and when a building such as an ordinary consumer house is built on a predetermined site, for example, a plurality of or , Is used as a frame material that forms a framework by defining a single chamber space.

Thus, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 2 denotes a house such as a consumer house as a building which forms a part of the gist of the invention of this application. For example, FIG. 1,2
The size is different from the figure. ), The stairwell 3 and the living room 3 ′ are arranged so that when the floor 4 is attached to the foundation 4, as shown in FIGS. The processed frame materials 1A, 1A ... Are placed on the bases 5 at the four corners of the site in a manner similar to a general pillar by an operator using an appropriate scaffold or by carrying in a crane truck to form a frame 6. It will be advanced.

In this embodiment, the floor structure of the house 2 is a so-called rolled joist in which a straight joist is placed on the concrete base 5.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the frame members 1B, 1 which form a framework.
As shown in FIG. 4, C and 1D are used as a cross member for beams, beams, roof beams, etc. to form a frame composed of a frame member 1A and a rafter frame member 1E. To
A notch-shaped notch 8 provided at the upper end of the frame material 1A is provided at a joint 7 where the end of the other frame material 1D is orthogonal to the side surface of the end of the frame material 1A, and at both ends of the beam of the laminated material 1D. Similarly, a notch-shaped notch 8'is formed so as to communicate with each other, and a steel plate 9 as a bracket type connector is inserted and joined to these notches 8 and 8'and bolts 10 and 10 are inserted and fastened. It is framed.

Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the frame member 1A forming the frame is provided with a receiver 11 for installing an appropriate anchor bolt on the lower surface thereof.
Through hole of the frame member 1B used for the joist mode
The metal piece 13 as a fixture is set in a predetermined manner via 12 and bolts 10 and 10 for fastening the frame material 1A and the frame material 1B, and the anchor bolts 14 provided on the concrete foundation 5 are used to set the framework 6 on the foundation 5. The structure is fixed and configured to transmit the load applied to the column, and the frame members 1 are firmly connected to each other as a framework to simplify the construction.

In addition, the roof of the house 2 is formed into a palm shape on the upper part of the stairwell 3 to form a slope to give a design property, and the joint portion 15 of the frame material 1E is appropriately sloped as shown in FIG. Then, the machine bolt 17 as a joint is inserted through the share plate 16 and fastened by inserting the frame members 1E, 1E.

As shown in FIG. 6, the frame members 1A, 1B, 1 forming the frame are
At each joint of C, 1D, and 1E, it is possible to make holes 18 and 18 in the corresponding portions of the frame material 1 so that the head of the bolt 10 and the nut are embedded in the frame material 1.
Further, depending on the joint portion where the end portions of the other laminated members 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E intersect the frame material 1A at right angles, a stirrup or L as a jointing tool.
It is also possible to use the steel plate 19 of the mold and fasten it with the bolt 10.

Thus, in FIG. 7, reference numeral 20 denotes an outer shell material, which is used as a wall material or the like and forms a part of the center of the gist of the invention of this application. As shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of laminated materials (engineering wood) 21, 21 were laminated in three sandwich-like layers with a hard polyurethane 22 having a predetermined thickness as a heat insulating material as a core material on the laminated surface. It is a glued structure and has a heat insulating effect, so it is used as a structural material with excellent condensation resistance, and for example, no special wood sandwiching material such as rafters, studs, studs, etc. is interposed. It is a thing.

The structural single-plate laminated material 21 has, for example, a bending strength of 145 kg / cm ^{2 and} a corresponding drag force.
0 is a frame which is used as a floor plate 28 and has a strength sufficient to support a load such as a load of furniture brought into the house 2 and also forms a frame as a pillar form during flooring. The floor board 28 having a predetermined area is sufficiently supported and stretched at the predetermined height floor positions f1 and f2 of the material 1A.

Then, the structural veneer-shaped laminated material 21 is, for example, a lightweight combination of a predetermined thin-thickness bay pine veneer in a predetermined combination, laminated and bonded in parallel in the fiber direction using a phenol resin adhesive or the like, and has a bending strength. It is a well-known structural member that has a Young's modulus and shear strength superior to that of a single tree and is widely used as a load bearing wall.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, the outer shell material 20 is
Polystyrene 23 in place of the hard polyurethane 22, or only a predetermined heat insulating material such as a ceramic plate is a laminated material of two sheets.
It is also possible to use an outer shell material 20 'which is sandwiched between 21, 21 and stacked in three layers.

In addition, the outer shell material 20 of the heat insulating structure and the structural veneer laminated material 21 have no particular size standard, and there is no restriction on the size of the width and the thickness, and a long product can be obtained. It can be processed by a predetermined woodworking machine, or brought in in a preprocessed form.

Then, when the outer shell material is assembled to the frame 6, as shown in FIG. 2, the outer shell material is exposed to the outer surface of the frame materials 1B and 1D installed at the floor position 11 and the ceiling position 13 of the house 2. Floors on the upper floor of the house 2 are perforated by gimmicks 24, 24 and a plurality of long plate-shaped outer shell materials 20, 20 ... The wall plate 2 shown in FIG. 1 formed by connecting the outer shell members 20, 20 ... to the frame member 1C laterally provided at the position f2 by driving them with appropriate nails 25, 25.
6 cooperates on the strength of the framework 6 required for the house 2.

In the above-mentioned configuration, the outer shell material 20 for structure has no standard in size as described above, and the size of the width and thickness can be freely selected, a long product can be obtained, and processed by a predetermined civil engineering machine on site. And can be carried in freely, as in the embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, a window frame may be provided in the long plate-shaped outer shell member 20, and similarly, a door frame (not shown) may be provided to build a unit door.

Further, it is also possible to process the outer shell material 20 in a predetermined manner and use it as a roof plate 29 of the house 2 as shown in FIG.
In this embodiment, the roof plate 29 can have a sufficient strength even with a single plate material, and can also have a sufficient strength for supporting a predetermined bracket when installing an air conditioner.

Further, the outer shell material 20 is also used as a plate member of the ceiling 30, as shown in FIG. Further, it is also possible to appropriately process the outer shell material 20 in a predetermined manner in consideration of installation of an interior light or the like, and to install conduits for pipes such as cords and cables, pipes, hoses, etc. Utilizing the material strength, for example, sufficient durability can be obtained even when suspending a sports equipment for training such as a sandbag or a suspension ring.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the outer shell material 20 as a wall material is used.
When using as appropriate for the main part, the frame material 1, and
The frame 6 having the outer shell materials 20, 20 as a structural material is first attached to the floor, and the wall materials 31, 31 'having a part of a curved surface as a finish etc. are provided in parallel with the outer shell materials 20, 20'. It is possible to freely construct a panel structure using 31 as a production member by factory production.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, when partitioning a living room 3 ′ of a house 2, a frame member 1 to a frame member 1 forming a frame.
To the rail or beam or floor
Moving wall 32 embedded in 28 and molded using outer shell materials 20, 20 '
By installing the, you can change the size of the room at any time.

Further, as shown in FIG. 15, for the connector (bolt 10) for connecting the frame members 1 forming the frame shown in FIGS.
Ceramic heat-resistant insulation cover 33 that doubles as interior decoration
However, it is attached to the head of the bolt 10 that is exposed to the room from the frame material that forms a frame with an appropriate pattern.

Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the joints requiring special techniques for joining are simplified as much as possible, and the heat insulating cover 34 and the plate (concealed nails) 34 'are provided on the bolts 10 and the nails 25 while using them. As shown in Fig. 16, the interior of the house can be used as an interior decoration so that the house 2 can be made solid while giving a feeling of weight and stability and showing the decorative beams and columns. It gives the volume feeling peculiar to wooden construction, and there is no discomfort, and it is possible to process the interior.

It should be noted that the embodiment of the invention of this application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. For example, the frame material forming the frame may be made of steel or the like. Making the most of this, it is possible to freely design a long corridor.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the invention of the present application, a necessary and sufficient proof stress can be obtained for a house by using a laminated material or a laminated material for a frame material and an outer shell material that basically form a framework. The interior is spacious, and the texture of the wood makes it a feeling of openness, which is a big change from the mortar wall that is narrow as a prejudice, and the production pace of construction also increases due to the use of laminated wood and laminated materials that are easy to process. Various plans for customers,
The excellent effect of being able to provide a design is exhibited.

And, not only the advantage that structural materials such as laminated wood and laminated materials can be obtained at low cost, but also the looseness of the standing that is likely to occur in the conventional construction method, the twisting and warping of materials, or the total waste of the building due to construction. It has an excellent effect that it can be omitted and can make a great contribution to the construction industry.

Since a predetermined strength is ensured in the frame formed by the frame material, the building area occupies a predetermined area and the effective area of the building occupies a high coverage ratio. Further, the outer shell material interposes a special sandwich. Since the heat insulating material is sandwiched between the two laminated materials without being installed from the outside of the frame material that forms the framework, the thickness of the wall material and floor material of the air conditioning room is reduced by having the heat insulating effect. It does not become bulky, has good dew condensation resistance and heat insulation, and has an excellent effect of improving cooling and heating efficiency.

In addition, since the outer shell material does not have a special wood sandwiching material, there is no variation in quality such as dimensions, and since the joining is easy, stable products can be obtained on the supply side of the house. , The texture of wood is used for general houses, and the excellent effect that the space that makes the best use of the color tone and texture can be created from various angles and can be provided satisfying many customers.

Further, it is possible to live in a stable house on the side where the product is used, which is free from twisting and warping even after construction, and durability is further enhanced.

In particular, since the open space and the living room can be widely taken, which has a merit of a feeling of openness, an excellent effect is obtained that a space is obtained and calm.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings are explanatory views of one embodiment of the invention of this application.
Figure is a front view of a house, Figure 2 is a front view of the framework of a house, Figures 3 to 6 are partially perspective enlarged perspective views of joints of integrated materials, and Figures 7 and 8 are perspective views of laminated materials. FIG. 9 is a side view of the mutual connection of the frames of the house, FIGS. 10 to 13 are plan views of the connection between the frame of the house and the outer shell material, FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the joint portion, and FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the decorative body. FIG. 16 is a partial perspective view of the room. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E… Frame material, 26,28,29… Outer shell material (wall material, floor material, roof material), 3,3 ′… Room space, 10,25… Connectors (bolts, Nail), 20, 20 '... Outer shell material, 2 ... Building, 22 ...
Heat insulator (core: hard polyurethane)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A building in which an outer shell material is attached to a predetermined number of frame members fixed to a base to define a chamber space and a frame surrounding the chamber space has a proof stress. , The outer shell material, which is composed of two structural laminated materials sandwiched by only a core material made of a heat insulating material, is integrated with the frame material from the outside through a joint such as a bolt. A building that is characterized by being simply attached.