JPH08132009A - Plant chip decomposing device and method for decomposing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To quickly compost vegetable chips. [Composition] A room temperature fermenting bacteria group and a primary nutrient source for the room temperature fermentation bacteria group are mixed into the vegetable chips contained in the processing container (2), and the room temperature fermentation bacteria group first decomposes and grows the primary nutrient source. . In the meantime, the surfaces of the plant chips are rubbed against each other by an external force to generate innumerable scratches, and the room temperature fermenting bacteria group grown by the nutrient source can be introduced into the plant chips from the scratches. As a result, the room temperature fermenting bacteria group grows even inside the plant chips, and rapidly decomposes the cellulose component and the lignin component. In addition, appropriate air is introduced into the processing container to suppress the growth of anaerobic fermentative bacteria that cause a bad odor, and also suppress the temperature rise in the processing container, and the growth of hyperthermia that makes wood difficult to decompose and decompose. Can be suppressed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for decomposing plant chips, and in particular, it relates to a method for decomposing organic waste obtained by mixing wood chips, bamboo chips, straw, etc. containing cellulose and lignin components with manure and the like. The present invention relates to a plant chip decomposing apparatus and a decomposing method for decomposing it in time, composting or decomposing it.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In nature, plant resources, especially woody resources, are decomposed into lignin and cellulose in collaboration with microorganisms and various animals. Therefore, cellulose and lignin are the largest amounts of organic substances present on the earth, and various methods for effectively utilizing cellulose and lignin are being sought. Here, cellulose is a linear polymer in which glucose is β-1,4-bonded and is a hard-to-decompose substance because it has crystallinity. However, conventionally, cellulose is chemically decomposed to give alcohol or fuel. The conversion of compounds into microbial proteins is being studied. On the other hand, lignin is converted into humus and the like under natural conditions, but since it is a substance that is more difficult to decompose than cellulose, lignin produced by the pulp industry is
The current situation is that almost no active use is attempted.

Attempts have also been made to decompose cellulose and lignin by microorganisms, but in the natural world, cellulose coexists with hemicellulose, lignin and the like to form a strong tissue, so that a large amount of wood can be decomposed cheaply. Is still a difficult theme to solve. Furthermore, in a study of lignin degradation using aerobic bacteria, it was reported that when pine bark chips were treated in a mixed culture solution of Bacillus and Cellulomonas for 35 days, a maximum of 43.6% was degraded. (Microorganisms vol.5 (1989) 30P-39P
"Trial of decomposition of lignin by bacteria and utilization of useful resources"
Hidekuni Kawakami, 51P-57P "Cellulase for the utilization of wood resources" Motoo Arai, Sawa Murao) Thus, the decomposition of lignocellulose requires the coexistence of not only lignin-degrading bacteria but also bacteria capable of degrading cellulose. It is reported that there is.

On the other hand, in the compost made from wood waste,
Bark compost is known. Wood waste contains a large amount of lignin, phenol, tannin, etc., but since these substances are firmly bound to cellulose, cellulose, which is relatively easily decomposed, is also a substance that is not easily decomposed. Therefore, in order to ferment these to compost, first, the bark is left for a few years, then crushed, and then subjected to high temperature fermenting for 1 to 2 months in the primary fermentation and left to stand, and the primary fermentation is completed in 8 to 9 months. . Secondary fermentation is carried out for a few months. Thus, making bark compost required years of bacterial degradation. Therefore, conventionally, in order to compost or decompose and destroy a large amount of wood, a vast area and microbial decomposition for a long time have been required.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems that the conventional techniques had when decomposing plant chips, and a large amount of lignin was obtained in a short time. And cellulose can be decomposed and composted or eliminated, and the plant chips can be decomposed in a small-scale facility, and environmental pollution due to foul odors and organic waste is minimal. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved plant chip decomposing apparatus that can be suppressed to the limit and a method for decomposing the same.

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a plant chip decomposing apparatus constructed according to the present invention comprises a processing container for containing the plant chips and a room temperature fermenting bacterium in the plant chips. Group and means for mixing the nutrient source of the room temperature fermenting bacteria group, for example means for scratching the surface of the vegetable chips such as a stirring device and a rotating device, and means for introducing air into the processing container ing. Further, the above apparatus has a water content in the processing container of 40% by weight or more, preferably 7% by weight.
It is preferable to provide a means for maintaining the content of 0% by weight or more and a temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature in the processing container to 20 ° C. or more and 42 ° C. or less, preferably about 28 ° C. ± 5 ° C.

[0007] Further, the room temperature fermenting bacteria group mixed in the plant chips is an aerobic room temperature fermentation selected in a nutrient source in which the aluminum ion concentration is kept at 0.1 mM or more and 0.5 mM or less at room temperature and in the presence of air. A group of bacteria such as at least Bacillus sp. , Yeast, Aci
netobacter Iwoffii, Pseudo
monas Piketti, P. Piketti
i, Acinetobacter sp. , Nocar
dia sp. And the like are preferable.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for decomposing plant chips contained in a processing container. The decomposition method is that the plant chips are mixed with a room temperature fermenting bacteria group and a nutrient source of the room temperature fermentation bacteria similar to the bacteria group applied to the above-mentioned decomposing device, and the surface of the plant chips is scratched and aerated. However, it is characterized by fermenting and decomposing plant chips. At that time, the water content in the processing container is maintained at 40% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more, and the temperature in the processing container is 20 ° C. or more 4
It is preferable to maintain the temperature at 2 ° C. or lower, preferably about 28 ° C. ± 5 ° C. Further, it is preferable that the vegetable chips are preliminarily subjected to high temperature treatment. It is also preferable to apply mechanical pressure treatment to the vegetable chips in advance.

[0009]

According to the apparatus and method of the present invention, since the room temperature fermenting bacteria group and the nutrient source of the room temperature fermenting bacteria group, for example, manure and the like are mixed in the vegetable chips contained in the processing container, the room temperature fermentation bacteria group is contained. First, it decomposes nutrients such as manure and grows easily. Then, because the surface of the vegetable chips are rubbed against each other by an external force such as stirring or rotation to cause innumerable scratches, it is possible to enter the room temperature fermentative bacteria that have grown from the scratches into the inside of the vegetable chips by the nutrient source. Becomes As a result, the room temperature fermenting bacteria group grows even inside the plant chips, and rapidly decomposes the cellulose component and the lignin component.
At that time, according to the present invention, since air is introduced into the processing container, it is possible to suppress the growth of the anaerobic fermenting bacteria group that causes a bad odor or the like. Moreover, since the temperature inside the processing container is prevented from rising due to the air, it is possible to suppress the growth of hyperthermia which carbonizes the wood and makes it difficult to decompose it. In the treatment, it is possible to destroy the strong structure of the vegetable chip by preliminarily subjecting the vegetable chip to a high temperature treatment in advance, and sterilize the bacteria contained in the vegetable chip from the beginning. Only the fermenting bacteria group can be effectively grown. In addition, decomposition can be promoted by applying mechanical pressure at that time.

In the treatment, the water content in the treatment container is maintained at 40% by weight, preferably 70% by weight or more, and the temperature in the treatment container is kept at 20 ° C or higher and 42 ° C or lower, preferably about 28 ° C ± 5 ° C. By holding at, the decomposition reaction can proceed more rapidly.

Further, as a room temperature fermenting bacteria group to be mixed in the vegetable chips, aerobic selected in a nutrient source in which the aluminum ion concentration is maintained at 0.1 mM or more and 0.5 mM or less at room temperature and in the atmosphere. Cold-fermenting bacteria, such as at least Bacillus sp. , Yeas
t, Acinetobacter Iwoffii, P
Pseudomonas Piketti, P. Pik
etti, Acinetobacter sp. , N
ocardia sp. When a group of bacteria including, for example, is used, these groups of bacteria can grow to a high concentration, and most of them can adsorb and decompose indole, skatole, P-cresol, etc. (malodorous substance) of manure, It also has nitric acid reducing ability, denitrifying ability, and nitrifying ability.
Further, even if the organic matter is decomposed and proliferated, coagulation and sedimentation does not occur, so that the organic matter can be continuously decomposed without producing sludge, and thus a high decomposition treatment capacity can be secured. In addition, bacteria that produce malodorous substances of acidic fatty acids are also excellent in that they do not produce malodor because they cannot grow under these conditions. Also, if the decomposition method is mainly used to decompose wood chips by bacteria that can grow at high temperatures, the decomposition process will take several months,
Odor is generated because ammonia is generated during decomposition. Compared with these, according to the method, the vegetable chips can be decomposed in a short time without generating a bad odor.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A plant chip disassembling apparatus and a disassembling method constructed according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a simple construction of an embodiment of a plant chip decomposing apparatus constructed according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the decomposing device 1 is provided with a horizontally-arranged barrel-shaped processing container 2, and in the processing container 2, a wood chip to be processed through an inlet 3 and a group of bacteria that decomposes the wood chip. , And the primary nutrient source of the bacterial group. Also the processing container 2
A stirring device 4 having screw-shaped fins is rotatably provided inside, and wood chips, bacteria groups,
It is possible to mix the primary nutrient sources with each other and rub the surfaces of the wood chips against each other to cause numerous scratches on the surfaces. Further, the processing container 2 is provided with a water sprinkler 5 for adjusting the amount of water in the processing container, a temperature controller 6 for controlling the temperature in the processing container, and an aeration port 7 for aerating the inside of the processing container. It is provided and is configured so that the environment during the decomposition process can be optimally adjusted.

The decomposition processing apparatus of the present invention can decompose not only wood chips but also various vegetable chips containing a cellulose component and a lignin component such as bamboo chips, straw chips, rice chips and the like. . Further, in the illustrated example, a configuration in which the surfaces of the wood chips are rubbed with each other by the stirring device 4 to cause innumerable scratches is adopted, but the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. The gist of such a configuration is to cause scratches on the surface of the wood chips and facilitate invasion of room temperature fermenting bacteria, so any machine that can damage the surface of the wood chips can be used. It goes without saying that it is possible to adopt physical and chemical means.

Further, according to the knowledge of the present inventors, the bacterial group used in the decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms, for example, the activated sludge method, has a very low concentration of 0.1 to 0.5 mM, preferably 0.1 mM to 0. Precipitation occurs in the presence of aluminum ion of about 2 mM. Then, in the presence of this aluminum ion, a nutrient source, for example, manure from animal breeding households or various industrial wastes was given to selectively grow the bacteria, and a bacterial group having the following properties was obtained.

First, the selected bacteria group did not give off a rotten odor, unlike the bacteria of the activated sludge method. This indicated that by adding a low concentration of aluminum ions to the nutrient source, bacteria that formed a spoilage odor were removed in the process of decomposing organic matter. Next, the selected bacteria group is the odor caused by the decomposition process of organic matter,
Adsorbs and decomposes indole, skatole, P-cresol, etc. Further, the selected bacteria group can grow at a much higher concentration than the bacteria group used in the conventional activated sludge method and the like, and the decomposition treatment can be speeded up. Furthermore, many of the selected bacterial groups not only can adsorb and decompose indole (malodorous substance), but also have nitric acid reducing ability, denitrifying ability, and nitrifying ability, so that they do not cause aggregation and precipitation even if they decompose and grow organic substances. Therefore, you can continue to decompose organic matter without producing sludge,
It was found that it has the optimum performance to decompose a large amount of cellulose and lignin components at high speed.

Bac is included in the selected bacteria group.
illus sp. , Yeast, Acinetoba
cter Iwoffii, Pseudomonas
Piketti, P.M. Piketti, Acine
Tobacco sp. , Nocardia sp.
Was included.

These bacteria groups maintain the water content in the processing container at 40% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more, and the temperature in the processing container at 20 ° C. or more and 42 ° C. or less, preferably 28 ° C. ± 5. By maintaining the temperature at about 0 ° C. and further appropriately aerating, it is possible to grow while suppressing the growth of anaerobic bacteria and hyperthermia that cause a bad odor and a delay in decomposition.

Next, a description will be given of an embodiment in which the wood chips are decomposed by using the processing container 2a of 10 liter scale and the processing container 2b of 2000 liter scale.

1. Decomposition of wood chips by the 10 liter processing vessel 2a First, the bacteria group selected as described above is added to the processing vessel 2a containing the wood chips and used as a nutrient source for growing bacteria at home. Raw garbage and the like were added to adjust the water content to 60 to 70% and the temperature was kept at 28 ° C. Processing container 2
The wood chips in a have a brown color characteristic of humic substances. When the untreated wood was observed under a microscope, it was observed that the brown substance and the transparent fibrous cellulose portion were bound in various forms.

Further, when the wood that is being decomposed by the bacteria and is being composted is dissolved in water and viewed under a microscope, it is observed that many small pieces of brownish brown material and transparent cellulose pieces are formed. It was Some of them were in the middle of decomposition, some of which were transparent and the other part was still dark brown. The chips on the third day of this treatment were taken, put in 100 ml of water, and crushed by Ultratrax.
The total organic carbon content (TOC) of this solution was analyzed.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, decomposition 3
The amount of organic carbon possessed by the chips on the day was 41 ppm per 1 g (wet weight), but as the days went by, the amount of organic carbon decreased due to the decomposition of bacteria into carbon dioxide gas, and the carbon concentration fell to around 25 ppm. Thus, the chips were decomposed into lignin and cellulose, and the cellulose was further decomposed into glucose. It has been shown that these organic substances are transformed into carbon dioxide gas by bacteria.

Furthermore, the chips in the garbage processing machine were taken out 1 g each day by day, put in 100 cc of water, and the amount of organic carbon (▲) and undecomposed in the soluble components decomposed by bacteria to a small extent. The amount of organic carbon (□) in the insoluble component chips was examined. As shown in FIG. 3, the chips were almost decomposed by bacteria around the 5th day, and the insoluble components fell around 10 ppm. On the other hand, the amount of soluble components increases daily, and the maximum value (20
ppm) has been reached. Thus, it can be seen that when the bacteria applied to this example were used, they were mostly decomposed in about 5 and a half days and were decomposed into soluble components including small cellulose fragments and brown book substances such as glucose. This means that it took several years to compost the bark (bark), and when the bacteria applied to the present example were used, the composting was rapid in a short time. Have been shown to occur.

For comparison, when this was observed using a commercially available bark compost (Takeda Incubator 21), it was found that the bark compost contained a mixture of small cut brown materials and fibrous cellulose. Was there. Similar to the case of this example, 1 g of the wet weight was taken and placed in 100 cc of water to examine the organic carbon content of the soluble component and the insoluble component.
As shown in FIG. 4, the soluble component found in bark compost was 50.5% of the total amount of organic carbon, and it was found that a considerable amount of bark components were decomposed by bacteria.
On the other hand, 74% of the chip compost decomposed for 8 days in this example was a soluble component. Therefore, according to the present example, the 8th day compost was able to cope with the bark compost produced for several years, or the decomposition performance was further improved.

[0025] Further, it has been attempted to decompose plant chips by using high heat fermenting bacteria. Next, the decomposition method using the high heat fermenting bacterium will be compared with the decomposition method using the room temperature fermenting bacterium according to the present embodiment. When making compost,
Straw and rice husks may be added to adjust the water content. And, in order to decompose plant chips such as straw and rice husk, high heat fermenting bacteria have been used conventionally. In this case, the normal-temperature bacteria grow first, and then the hyperthermia grows to separate and decompose lignin such as straw and cellulose, resulting in a long-term decomposition process. As already explained, since lignin and cellulose are strongly bound to each other in plant chips, it is difficult for them to be decomposed by bacteria, and when a thermophilic bacterium is used in this state, cellulose lignin is not decomposed,
The wood was carbonized, making it more difficult for bacteria to decompose it. In this respect, according to the present embodiment, since the bond between lignin and cellulose is released by the room temperature fermenting bacterium, it is possible to promptly promote the decomposition reaction without causing carbonization of wood.

2. Decomposition of wood chips by the 2000 liter processing vessel 2b Since a wood chip treating apparatus of about 2000 liters requires a large amount of seed bacteria, in the experiment, the procedure as shown in FIG. Then, the bacteria in the processor were sequentially grown to a 100-liter machine and then to a 2000-liter machine, and the start-up operation was performed. Species start-up schedule 10 liter machine day (seed bacterium 1) 7 days 100 liter machine (seed bacterium 2) 6 days 2000 liter machine 6 days

As a pretreatment, as shown in FIG. 6, the wood chips to be decomposed were put in a 2,000 liter machine and subjected to high heat treatment. The charged 480 kg of wood chips contained a moisture content of 46.2%, the solid content was 258 kg and the water content was 222 kg, and the volume of the wood chips was 1.4 cubic meters. After adding 352 liters of water to this to increase the moisture content, high heat was applied with a burner. The internal temperature of the processor was kept at 124 ° C. for 30 minutes. The temperature of the wood chips rose on average to 57 ° C. After high heat treatment, it was left to stand. Add water at 16:45 and 74.6
Moisture content increased to%. Wood chips showed 32-33 ° C. Then, to the wood chips subjected to the high heat treatment in this way, the inoculum started up as described above was added.

In this way, 10 wood chips were previously prepared.
By heating to 0 ° C. or higher, the structure is partially destroyed to facilitate decomposition, and bacteria contained in the wood chips can be sterilized in advance, and only the inoculum added in this example can be grown.

Further, in another experiment, when the straw of a stable containing horse dung was decomposed, a considerable number of nematodes were observed in the straw under a microscope. These nematodes are considered to be horse parasites, but when the high heat treatment at 100 ° C. or higher was performed prior to the decomposition treatment, the nematodes as described above were not found. Therefore, performing the high heat treatment as the pretreatment is effective also in the sense of preventing various organisms from being mixed in the treatment machine. Although wood chips can be relatively easily decomposed by the device of the present invention, straw or the like has a structure in which two layers of cellulose fibers having different properties are glued together, so that the wood chips are considerably left as they are. It has been found that it is effective to apply mechanical pressure in advance to destroy the two-layer structure and then to carry out the decomposition treatment in order to exhibit the property of being difficult to decompose. In another experiment, when decomposing bamboo chips, as a pre-treatment, the bamboo chips are divided into very small fiber fragments by steaming and rolling, which can promote microbial decomposition. It will be possible.

The seed bacteria and the primary nutrient source of the seed bacteria, for example, organic matter such as manure, were put into the wood chips pretreated as described above, and then the drum of the 2000-liter machine was rotated. Air at 28 ° C was blown in through the outlet.
Since the 2000 liter machine is a large radiator, the wood chips initially showed 21 ° C (room temperature). Further, in order to grow the room temperature fermenting bacteria, a water content of about 74 to 75% is optimal, so water was added to raise the water content. The moisture content was maintained by adding 278 liters on the first day, 167 liters on the second day in the morning and 48 liters in the afternoon. Also, when the bacteria increase and the wood chips begin to decompose, the organic matter becomes carbon dioxide and water, and the moisture content increases without adding moisture to the processor, and on day 6, it reached 77.9%. Rose (see Figure 7).

When the temperature of the wood chips was observed, as shown in FIG.
The wood chips in the liter machine gradually began to generate heat when bacteria began to decompose by eating horse manure, and eventually rose to near 30 ° C. The blower heater, which was used as a heat source to warm the wood chips and rapidly grow the bacteria, was cut on the 4th day, but the wood chips remained stable at 28 to 30 ° C until the end of the experiment on the 7th day. I kept it.

Further, at the experimental stage, it is possible to examine the degree of decomposition of wood chips by using a total organic carbon measuring instrument or a microscope, but it is difficult to examine the degree of decomposition of wood chips one by one at the on-site treatment plant. is there. Therefore, various measurements were made for the purpose of making a simple decomposition index, and one of them was electric conductivity. At each time, a certain amount of decomposed wood chips was taken out, put in a certain amount of water and stirred, and the electric conductivity (EC) of the water was measured. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, the EC value did not change at 4.4 during the first day, but when the bacteria grew and the decomposition of the wood chips started, it started to increase from around the 2nd day, 4th, 5th, 6th
On day one, it rose to 6.3-8.4. This change was in good agreement with the graph of temperature change shown in 8. That is, it is considered that when the bacteria started to decompose the wood chips, the cells were destroyed and the ions were eluted from the inside, and the ions were dissolved in the water, so that the electric conductivity was increased. Therefore, by observing the electrical conductivity at the treatment site,
It is possible to adjust the degree of decomposition of the vegetable chips, and it is possible to stop the decomposition reaction at various stages such as a composting stage or a complete decomposition stage.

Regarding the change in the solid amount of the wood chips, as shown in FIG. 7, the solid value on day 0 was 258 kg. As shown in FIG. 10, when the wood chips were taken out after 7 days at 10 o'clock and weighed, the total weight was 648 kg. Moisture content is 74%, so solid weight is 168 kg
Met. Solid weight of wood chips at the start of the reaction is 258
Since it was kg, it is considered that about 90 kg was changed to water and carbon dioxide (FIG. 10). Looking at the apparent volume 4
It was reduced to about one-third. This was the same as the result previously observed in the example of the 10-liter machine.

FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the EC value and the change in solid content. As shown in the figure, the first solid amount is 1
As a result, it can be seen that the electric conductivity is increasing with the decrease, and this also shows that the EC value can be easily used as an index indicating the degree of decomposition of the wood chips.

Next, let us look at the changes over time in the primary nutrient source of the bacterial species. As already explained, in order to decompose wood chips by bacteria, the bacteria must first be sufficiently grown by a primary nutrient source. In the previous example using the 10 liter machine, vegetable scraps and the like were used as the primary nutrient source for growing the bacterial group, but in the example using this 2000 liter machine, horse manure was used as the primary nutrient source. I was there. Take 1 gram of wood chips taken out from the 2000 liter machine at each time zone, put it in 100 ml of water and sonicate for 10 minutes to take out the soluble components, and then a glass with a 0.22μ hole that does not let bacteria pass. The contents were taken out with a fiber filter.
When the amount of this organic carbon was measured, as shown in FIG. 12, soluble nutrients contained in horse manure as a primary nutrient source of bacteria existed for one day, but became zero after the second day and the bacteria were eaten. It showed that he had done it. That is, according to this example, it was revealed that the bacteria group had consumed all the primary nutrients and were sufficiently proliferating in only one day.

On the other hand, regarding the process in which the wood chips are decomposed into small fragments and become soluble components, by referring to FIG. 12, until the first day, few wood chips were decomposed by bacteria and became small, It can be seen that it increased from the second day. Therefore, bacteria first eat and proliferate horse manure, and when horse manure as an organic substance of a nutrient source disappears, they start eating wood chips, and decomposition progresses rapidly. In the meantime, it is considered that the wood chips are rubbed in the rotating drum to weaken and become fibrous cellulose in the meantime, and bacteria are invaded from scratches attached to the surface thereof to promote decomposition. In another example, rice straw was thrown into a 2,000-liter processor for a long time and decomposed, but it took longer than wood chips to form small fibers. Therefore, the rice straw is preferably subjected to mechanical treatment such as shearing as a pretreatment.

As described above, when the wood chips were made to eat by the bacteria and the water on the 3rd day was evaporated to compare with the commercially available bark compost, almost the same products were produced. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to form bark compost, which has conventionally required several years, in a decomposition process of only 3 days, and to effectively utilize wood resources. It has become possible.

3. Other Examples (1) Straw decomposition treatment Further, the inventors of the present invention used a 10-liter machine and 2,000.
Straw was decomposed using a liter machine. With a 10-liter machine, cut straw and put it in
In a 000-liter machine, straw and wood chips were mixed and subjected to a high temperature treatment at a chip temperature (average temperature) of 57 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then treated. With a 2000-liter machine, a primary nutrient source (horse dung) sufficient for primary growth of bacterial groups
Wood chips containing was used.

When the process of decomposition of straw fibers by bacteria is observed with a microscope, it is composed of a layer in which jagged structures are tightly bundled and two layers in which flat fiber structures are overlapped. Had a harder structure than rice straw. Therefore, it is 57 ℃ 30 with 2000 liter machine.
After a high-temperature treatment for a minute, the straw was rapidly separated into two layers in a 2,000-liter drum, which allowed the bacteria to quickly decompose the cellulose and, like rice straw, produce fragments of disjointed fibers. became. Further, in this case, nematodes as seen in the 10-liter machine which was not subjected to the high temperature treatment were not found, and it was confirmed that the high temperature treatment has a bactericidal ability.

(2) Decomposition treatment of bamboo chips Next, an attempt was made to decompose bamboo chips containing a large amount of horse manure. The bamboo chips used were formed by steaming with steam, crushing with a roller, and cutting into small pieces. An inoculum grown on the wood chip of the previous example was mixed into such a bamboo chip, and the decomposition process was observed. As a result, it was observed that the ends of the bamboo chips were eroded by bacteria, and the fibers became loose as if they were hung from the ends. Overall, for the bacterial decomposition of bamboo chips, like wood chips,
There was no difficulty.

[0041]

As described above, according to the apparatus and method of the present invention, the plant chips contained in the processing container are mixed with the room temperature fermenting bacteria group and the nutrient source of the room temperature fermenting bacteria group, such as excrement. Therefore, the room temperature fermenting bacteria group first decompose the nutrient source such as manure and easily grow. Then, because the surface of the vegetable chips are rubbed against each other by an external force such as stirring or rotation to cause innumerable scratches, it is possible to enter the room temperature fermentative bacteria that have grown from the scratches into the inside of the vegetable chips by the nutrient source. Becomes As a result, the room temperature fermenting bacteria group grows even inside the plant chips, and rapidly decomposes the cellulose component and the lignin component. At that time, according to the present invention,
Since air is introduced into the processing container, it is possible to suppress the growth of anaerobic fermenting bacteria that causes a bad odor or the like. In addition, since the rise in temperature inside the processing container is suppressed by the air,
It is also possible to suppress the growth of hyperthermia which carbonizes the wood and makes it difficult to decompose it. In the treatment, it is possible to destroy the strong structure of the vegetable chip by preliminarily subjecting the vegetable chip to a high temperature treatment in advance, and sterilize the bacteria contained in the vegetable chip from the beginning. Only the fermenting bacteria group can be effectively grown. In addition, decomposition can be promoted by applying mechanical pressure at that time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a plant chip decomposition processing apparatus configured according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes over time in the amount of organic carbon contained in wood chips.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes over time in the amount of organic carbon contained in wood chips for insoluble components and soluble components.

FIG. 4 is a chart comparing commercial bark compost with wood chip compost formed according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a procedure for growing a bacterial group applicable to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a chart showing a procedure of high heat treatment of wood chips applicable to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a table showing an example of changes over time in decomposition and fermentation of wood chips.

FIG. 8 is a chart showing changes in temperature during the decomposition and fermentation process of wood chips.

FIG. 9: Electric conductivity (E in the decomposition and fermentation process of wood chips
It is a chart which shows change of C).

FIG. 10 is a chart showing components of wood chips after decomposition.

FIG. 11: Solid content and EC in the decomposition and fermentation process of wood chips
It is a chart which shows the relationship with a value.

FIG. 12 is a chart showing changes in the amount of organic carbon in the decomposition and fermentation process of wood chips.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Wood Chip Decomposing Device 2 Processing Container 3 Wood Chip Inlet 4 Stirrer 5 Sprinkler 6 Heating Device 7 Air Inlet

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location // C12N 1/20 F 8828-4B D 8828-4B

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. An apparatus for decomposing plant chips contained in a processing container, comprising means for mixing a room temperature fermentation bacterium group and a nutrient source of the room temperature fermentation bacterium group into the plant chips, An apparatus for decomposing a vegetable chip, comprising: a device for scratching the surface of the vegetable chip; and a device for introducing air into the processing container. 2. The plant chip decomposing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for adjusting the water content in the processing container. 3. The plant chip decomposing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature in the processing container. 4. The room temperature fermentative bacteria group has an aluminum ion concentration of 0.1 mM or more and 0.5 m or more at room temperature and in the presence of air.
A group of aerobic cold-fermenting bacteria selected from nutrient sources maintained below M. 3.
Or the plant chip decomposing apparatus according to any one of 3). 5. The bacterial group comprises at least Bac
illus sp. , Yeast, Acinetoba
cter Iwoffii, Pseudomonas
Piketti, P.M. Piketti, Acine
Tobacco sp. , Nocardia sp.
2. Including any one of the following:
The plant chip decomposing device according to any one of 2, 3 and 4. 6. The plant according to claim 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the water content in the processing container is maintained at 40% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more. Decomposing device for sexual chips. 7. The temperature in the processing container is 20 ° C. or higher 42
7. The plant chip decomposing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the temperature is set to not more than 0.degree. C., preferably about 28.degree. 8. The means for damaging the vegetable chips in the processing container is a stirring device, according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. Plant chip decomposer. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the means for scratching the vegetable chips in the processing container is a rotating device. Plant chip decomposer. 10. When decomposing the plant chips contained in the treatment container, the plant chips are mixed with a room temperature fermenting bacteria group and a nutrient source of the room temperature fermenting bacteria to damage the surface of the plant chips. A method for decomposing plant chips, which comprises fermenting and decomposing plant chips while attaching and aerating. 11. The water content in the processing container is 40% by weight.
The method for decomposing plant hips according to claim 10, characterized in that the amount is maintained at 70% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more. 12. The temperature in the processing container is 20 ° C. or higher and 4
The method for decomposing a vegetable chip according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that it is maintained at 2 ° C or lower, preferably about 28 ° C ± 5 ° C. 13. The room temperature fermenting bacteria group has an aluminum ion concentration of 0.1 mM or more and 0.5 m at room temperature in the presence of air.
11. A group of aerobic cold-fermenting bacteria selected from nutrient sources maintained below M, 11.
13. The method for decomposing a vegetable chip according to either 11 or 12. 14. The bacterial group comprises at least Ba
cillus sp. , Yeast, Acinetob
acter Iwoffii, Pseudomonas
Piketti, P.M. Piketti, Acin
etobacter sp. , Nocardia s
p. 2. Any one of the claims 1 to 3 is included.
The method for decomposing a vegetable chip according to any one of 0, 11, 12 and 13. 15. The plant chip according to claim 10, 11, 12, 13 characterized in that it is pre-heated.
Or the method for decomposing a vegetable chip according to any one of 14). 16. The plant chip is subjected to mechanical pressure treatment in advance, 10.
The method for decomposing a plant chip according to any one of 2, 13, 14 and 15.