JPH08150346A - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a vertical crusher by which even waste having various properties such as municipal refuse is effectively crushed. CONSTITUTION: In a cylindrical casing 1 in which a feeding port 2 for waste and a discharge port 3 for crushed waste are installed in the upper and the lower parts respectively, a driving shaft 4 is fitted. The driving shaft 4 is provided with a crude crushing mechanism A consisting of a bag breaker 5, a distribution plate 6 and a breaker 7, a crushing mechanism B with a swing hammer 10, a compression crushing mechanism C with a ring hammer 12, and a discharge blade 13 in order.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vertical crusher for crushing waste such as municipal waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a vertical crusher, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-33985 previously proposed by the applicant of the present invention can be mentioned. In this known invention, as shown in FIG. 10, a casing 31 is provided with a bag breaker 32, a distribution plate 33, and a crushing mechanism D by a swing hammer 34. In this device, the waste introduced from the upper conveyor 35 is driven by a motor 37, and the bag breaker 3 on the distribution plate 33 is driven.
After falling on 2, where bags such as garbage bags are broken,
It is evenly distributed around the periphery by the distribution plate 33. Then, after being crushed by the crushing mechanism D by the swing hammer 34, it is discharged from the discharge port 36 by its own weight.

In this way, the bagged waste is crushed by the bag crusher, evenly distributed to the periphery by the distribution plate, and then crushed, so that effective crushing can be performed.

As another conventional vertical crusher,
JP-B-52-37625 can be mentioned.
In this known invention, a breaker arm as a coarse crushing mechanism, a crushing wheel as a compression crushing mechanism, and a discharge blade are provided in a casing. In this apparatus, the waste that is input from above is first roughly crushed by the large impact force of the breaker arm, then finely crushed by the crushing wheel, and then discharged by the discharge blade.

In this way, since the crushed material is once roughly crushed, effective crushing is performed even if coarse waste is mixed.

[0006]

However, when the wastes are municipal wastes, most of them are put in garbage bags, and are represented by concrete pieces, wood, wire, plastics, strings, cloths, and garbage. As described above, due to various miscellaneous properties, there is a drawback that efficient crushing cannot be performed when crushing this municipal solid waste with a conventional vertical crusher.

For example, the vertical crusher disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-33985 does not have a coarse crushing mechanism for coarsely crushing coarse waste such as concrete pieces and wood. It has the drawback that it must be crushed sufficiently with
In the vertical crusher of JP-A-37625, since the bag is not provided with a bag breaker or a distribution plate that breaks the garbage bag and distributes it evenly to the surroundings by the distribution plate, waste is concentrated and falls. It has the disadvantage that it cannot be effectively crushed with a breaker arm or a grinding wheel.

An object of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and a vertical crusher capable of efficiently crushing wastes having various miscellaneous properties such as municipal waste. Is to provide.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, a vertical crusher according to the present invention comprises a bag crusher in a casing, a distribution plate, a coarse crushing mechanism including a breaker, and crushing by a swing hammer. Mechanism, a compression crushing mechanism using a ring hammer, and a discharge vane are sequentially provided, and the bag crusher has a plurality of protrusions, and a horizontal center distance L ₁ between the drive shaft center and the protrusions is 25 mm or more. Casing radius R 3
There were at least two protrusions of 0% or less, and the horizontal distance L ₂ between the center of the drive shaft and the inside of the protrusion was increased toward the upper part of the protrusion.

Further, a plurality of projections having a space on the inner peripheral surface of the casing are provided so as to be located between the swing hammers, and the upper side portion of the casing and the discharge port are connected by a circulation duct. Further, the circulation duct was inclined and started up, and a vertically downward foreign matter chute was provided in the middle of the circulation duct.

[0011]

The waste contained in the dust bag, which is thrown in just above the bag destroyer from the waste supply port, is evenly distributed to the surroundings by the distribution plate after the dust bag is twisted by the bag destroyer. Then, the coarse crushing mechanism by a breaker performs coarse crushing of the coarse waste, then the crushing mechanism by a swing hammer crushes it into fine pieces, and the compression crushing mechanism by a ring hammer crushes it into smaller pieces. Water with high water content is squeezed out. The finally crushed waste is discharged by the discharge blade.

[0012] As described above, the dust bag thrown right above the bag breaker straddles the projection of the bag breaker and tries to stay at that position by its own weight, but the projection rotates horizontally at high speed. The thin garbage bag is twisted, and the centrifugal force distributes the waste evenly around it.If long strings or bent wires are mixed in the garbage bag, the inside of the protrusion (drive shaft) These contaminants sprinkled on the side)
The centrifugal force moves outward and tries to be caught by the protrusion, but since the protrusion is provided with an inclination, even if these contaminants are caught by the protrusion, they are further moved outward by the centrifugal force and separated from the protrusion.

Although a cloth or a plastic sheet is not easily crushed by a swing hammer alone, the cloth and the plastic sheet are cut and crushed and dropped by the protrusions and the swing hammer having an interval on the inner peripheral surface of the casing.

Then, the cutting and crushing is repeated again by the lower projection and the swing hammer, and the swing hammer, the ring hammer, and the rotation of the discharge blade generate wind due to the fan effect in the casing. This wind is positively discharged from the discharge port by the discharge blade, and then circulated into the casing through the circulation duct.

Some of the waste that is thrown in from directly above and hit by a breaker or a swing hammer is splashed upward, some of which reach the communication port of the circulation duct, and some of which have a small unit mass circulate. The force of the generated wind pushes it back into the casing, and metal pieces with a large unit mass overcome the wind force and enter the circulation duct to reach the foreign matter chute.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a casing, a waste material supply port 2 is provided on an upper side portion thereof, and a crushed material discharge port 3 is provided at a lower portion thereof. Reference numeral 4 denotes a drive shaft supported by bearings in the lower part of the casing. A distribution plate 6 having a bag breaker 5 is fixed to the upper end of the drive shaft, and a plurality of breakers 7 are provided at the lower part of the drive plate as shown in FIG. The coarsely crushing mechanism A is configured by being swingably mounted.

A holding cylinder 19 fixed to the drive shaft 4 is also provided.
A plurality of swing hammers 10, which are swingable by a plurality of vertical axes 9, are attached to the outer periphery of each in a multi-stage manner to form a crushing mechanism B as shown in FIG.

At the lower part of the crushing mechanism B, a plurality of ring hammers 12 are rotatably mounted by a plurality of vertical axes 11 arranged outside the vertical axis 9 as shown in FIG. Configure.

A plurality of discharge blades 13 are rotatably mounted on the bottom end of the holding cylinder 19 by a shaft 9 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the vertical axes 8, 9 and 11 are drawn so as to be lined up in the radial direction, but actually they are arranged so as to be displaced in the circumferential direction as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4.

Further, a belt conveyor 14 for dropping the waste material is provided directly above the bag crusher 5 at the waste material supply port 2, and a discharge box 15 is connected to the discharge port 3 so as to be located above the casing 1. The communication port 16 of the part and the discharge box 15 are connected by a circulation duct 17.

Reference numeral 20 denotes a protrusion provided on the inner peripheral surface of the casing 1, and the protrusion 20 is arranged in two steps vertically and oppositely along the inner surface of the casing 1 as shown in FIGS. Has been done. Reference numeral 22 is a blast discharge damper that is openably and closably attached to the upper opening of the casing 1.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the bag breaker 5 includes a distribution plate 6
It is fixed vertically to the top and has two protrusions 21 on the top. In FIG. 6, L ₁ is the center of the drive shaft 4 and the protrusion 2
Horizontal center distance from 1 to 25 mm to casing radius R
Up to 30% of that, and L ₂ is the center of the drive shaft 4 and the protrusion 2
It is a horizontal distance inside 1 and becomes larger as it goes above the protrusion 21. 7 and 8 are front views of the bag crusher 5 of another embodiment. FIG. 7 shows a straight sloped surface consisting of the curved line of FIG. 2, and FIG. The plates are fixed at appropriate intervals and all satisfy the above-described conditions described in FIG.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described. The waste in the dust bag, which is thrown in from the belt conveyer 14 from directly above the bag destroyer 5, falls directly above the distribution plate 6, and the dust bag tries to stay at that position by its own weight. The distribution plate 6 has two protrusions 21 at positions that take the size of the dust bag into consideration. Since the protrusions 21 rotate horizontally at a high speed, the dust bag is broken. Then, the waste that has been broken is distributed plate 6
Will be distributed evenly around. Further, even if a contaminant such as a long string or a bent wire is caught by the protrusion 21, since the slope is provided inside the protrusion, the contaminant moves to the outside by the centrifugal force and is separated from the protrusion 21.

The minimum dimension of the horizontal center distance L ₁ between the center of the drive shaft 4 and the projection 21 is 25 mm, which means that dust contained in a small nylon bag can be reliably fed from directly above. This is because it was taken into consideration that the bag is torn by the bag breaker 5, and the maximum dimension is 30 of the casing radius R.
The reason why the percentage is set is that the size of a large nylon bag for business use is taken into consideration, and that the wider the gap, the higher the effect of tearing by the protrusions. In addition, the casing radius R when the casing 1 is a square tube is the radius of the inscribed circle of the square tube.

As described above, the waste discharged from the trash bag crushed by the bag crusher 5 and scattered around the periphery by the distribution plate 6 is roughly crushed by the breaker 7 of the coarse crushing mechanism A to the lower crushing mechanism B. To fall.

Then, in the crushing mechanism B, the crushing mechanism using the swing hammer 10 impact crushes, and since the unit mass is small, such as plastic sheets, cloth, and garbage, the waste that is less affected by the impact crushing is the casing. Shear fracture occurs between the protrusion 20 and the swing hammer 10 provided in FIG.

As described above, the plurality of projections 20 provided on the casing 1 are provided in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. 3, and the space between the projections 20 and the projections 20 is increased. Since there is an interval between the two, the waste that has been subjected to shear crush falls from this interval, and the protrusion 2 immediately below is dropped.
0 and the swing hammer 10 again undergo shear fracture.

Thereafter, the compression crushing mechanism C using the ring hammer 12 crushes the particles into smaller pieces and the waste water having a large water content such as food waste is squeezed out.

Finally, the crushed waste is discharged by the vane 13.
Is discharged to the discharge box 15 through the discharge port 3.

Further, the swing hammer 10 and the discharge blade 13
Due to the rotation of the fan 1 and the like, wind is generated in the casing 1 due to the fan effect. After being discharged from the discharge port 3, this wind is circulated through the circulation duct 17 into the upper portion of the casing 1.

FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b) show another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 (a) is provided with a circulation duct 23 which is inclined from the discharge box 15 and started up. In the middle of the duct 23, a vertically downward foreign matter chute 24 is provided vertically downward, and a connecting portion with the casing 1 is a circulation duct 17 communicating with the inside of the main body 1 as in FIG.

In this embodiment, the waste that is thrown in from directly above is hit by the breaker 7 and the swing hammer 8. However, some of the hit waste is splashed upward. The portion reaches the communication port 16 on the circulation duct 23, falls from the circulation duct 17 in the foreign matter chute 24, and is collected from the lower end opening thereof.

As described above, the mainly splashed metal is a metal, which is collected as a foreign substance and recycled. Stones and concrete lose energy by being crushed at the time of impact and are less likely to be repelled, and since garbage has less repulsive force, impact energy is less likely to be absorbed and repelled, so that it hardly enters the foreign matter chute 24. .

Further, a small unit mass is pushed back into the casing 1 by the force of the circulating wind, and a metal piece having a large unit mass overcomes the force of the wind to enter the circulation duct and reach the foreign matter chute 24.

FIG. 9 (b) is the same as FIG. 9 (a) except that the circulation duct 23 has an inverted L shape.

[0037]

[Effect] Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects. A bag crusher, a distribution plate, a coarse crushing mechanism consisting of a breaker, a crushing mechanism using a swing hammer, a compression crushing mechanism using a ring hammer, and a discharge vane are provided in this order, which enables efficient crushing. Since it is integrated into one device, the pre-treatment device and the post-treatment device are unnecessary.

The crusher has a plurality of protrusions, and at least two protrusions having a horizontal center distance L ₁ between the center of the drive shaft and the protrusions of 25 mm or more and 30% or less of the casing radius R are included.
Since the horizontal distance L ₂ between the center of the drive shaft and the inner side of the protrusion is larger toward the upper side of the protrusion, the thin dust bag is twisted and is evenly distributed around by the centrifugal force, so that it is crushed. The crushing effect of the machine can be enhanced. Also, 1
When crushing is concentrated in a place, local crushing force is generated and vibration is likely to occur, but since waste is evenly distributed around the area, it is possible to reduce vibration and wire the waste. Even if the string is mixed, the protrusion is inclined, so even if these mixed substances are caught on the protrusion, they will be separated from the protrusion by centrifugal force, so that the function as a bag breaker can be maintained. .

Further, by providing a plurality of projections having a space on the inner peripheral surface of the casing so as to be located between the swing hammers, even the cloth, the plastic sheet, the garbage, etc., which are not easily crushed by the impact, can be placed in the casing. Since the shredder is repeatedly subjected to shearing and shredding between it and the swing hammer, it is often shredded even with cloth, etc.By installing the circulation duct, the wind generated by the fan effect circulates in the circulation duct and the casing. However, the ratio of the bad odor caused by dust to the outside is extremely reduced, and the surrounding environment is improved, so that a large deodorizing device is unnecessary. By providing a vertically downward foreign matter chute in the middle of the circulation duct,
Foreign substances such as metals are efficiently collected, and there is also an effect of reducing wear and the like.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.

5 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view of the bag breaker.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged side view showing another example of the bag breaking device.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged side view showing another example of the bag breaking device.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing another example of the circulation duct.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Casing 2 Supply Port 3 Discharge Port 4 Drive Shaft 5 Bag Breaker 6 Distribution Plate 7 Breaker 10 Swing Hammer 12 Ring Hammer 13 Discharge Blade 14 Belt Conveyor 15 Discharge Box 16 Communication Port 17 Circulation Duct 20 Projection 21 Protrusion 23 Circulation Duct 24 Foreign matter chute A Coarse crushing mechanism B Crushing mechanism C Compression crushing mechanism

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A coarse shredding mechanism including a bag breaker, a distribution plate, and a breaker, which is mounted on a drive shaft mounted in a cylindrical casing having a waste supply port on the upper part and a shredding waste discharge port on the lower part. A vertical crusher characterized in that a crushing mechanism using a swing hammer, a compression crushing mechanism using a ring hammer, and a discharge blade are sequentially provided. 2. The bag breaking device has a plurality of protrusions, and a horizontal center distance L ₁ between the center of the drive shaft and the protrusions is 25 m.
At least two protrusions having a length of m or more and 30% or less of the casing radius R are provided, and a horizontal distance L ₂ between the center of the drive shaft and the inner side of the protrusion is larger toward the upper portion of the protrusion. The vertical crusher according to claim 1. 3. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of protrusions having a space are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the casing so as to be located between the swing hammers. 4. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein an upper side portion of the casing and the discharge port are communicated with each other by a circulation duct. 5. The vertical crusher according to claim 4, wherein a vertically downward foreign matter chute is provided in the middle of the circulation duct.