JPH08196152A - Regulator for daylighting of structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To synthetically and efficiently utilize the sunlight in a greenhouse, a house, etc. CONSTITUTION: This daylighting regulator is obtained by installing an outer light transmitting member 1 and inner light transmitting members 2, attached in two layers to a roof part of a greenhouse, etc., capable of limiting the transmission of the sunlight, an angle regulating mechanism 3 capable of regulating the angle of the inner light transmitting members 2 and further a solar cell unit 4. For example, the outer light transmitting member 1 is a half mirror and the inner light transmitting members are glass having an angle selectivity varying the light transmitting properties with angles. Thereby, limitative daylighting with restriction on transmission of the sunlight, positive daylighting by utilizing reflection, selective light screening for wavelengths, an improvement in heat insulating properties by the formation of a double roof and power generation and utilization of excessive energy from the sunlight, etc., can be carried out to effectively utilize the sunlight in a greenhouse or a house.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a house for plant cultivation,
The present invention relates to a lighting adjustment device for structures that receive sunlight such as greenhouses and houses, and for other structures that require lighting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a lighting control device for buildings, for example, a light amount control greenhouse is proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-67).
417). This device is equipped with a shading plate with an adjustable tilt angle on the roof of a glass greenhouse, and changes the shading plate angle according to the temporal change of the intensity of the sunlight, and when the sunlight is strong, this is wholly or partially. When the sunlight is weak, the sunlight is totally taken in, and the shading plate is used as a reflector so that the reflected light can also be taken in to change the intensity and incident angle of sunlight during the day. Corresponding to, it intends to effectively utilize the sunlight as a whole.

However, in this light amount control greenhouse, when the sunlight is strong, the light is simply shielded, so that the visible light necessary for plant growth may be insufficient. Also, when the sunlight is strong to some extent, it partially blocks the sunlight, so there is a large temperature difference between the place in the greenhouse that receives direct sunlight and the place in the shade, and the temperature inside the greenhouse becomes unbalanced. there is a possibility. Then, in a plant which is directly exposed to sunlight, leaf temperature rises and the amount of transpiration of water becomes excessive. In addition, there is a drawback that no measure can be taken for the change in spectrum due to the change in time of sunlight.

On the other hand, in a building such as a house, conventionally, in order to improve the cooling effect and protect privacy, glass having a surface-treated surface or glass to which a film is attached may be used. However, such a glass uniformly reduces the transmittance thereof regardless of the intensity of sunlight. Therefore, there is a problem that the illuminance becomes insufficient when the sunlight is weak.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above problems in the prior art, enables efficient and comprehensive utilization of light in buildings such as greenhouses and houses, and other structures, and the spectrum of light rays. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lighting adjustment device that is also adjustable.

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention according to claim 1 provides an outer light-transmitting member in which a structure lighting adjustment device is attached to an outer wall of a structure in two layers. And an inner light-transmitting member, and an angle adjusting mechanism capable of adjusting the angle of at least one of the outer light-transmitting member and the inner light-transmitting member, and the angle of the outer light-transmitting member or the inner light-transmitting member. The adjustable material is a material having a different light transmission performance depending on an incident angle of a light ray. In addition to the above, according to the invention of claim 2, the inner surface of the outer light transmission member and the inner light transmission member are The outer side surface has a light reflecting function, and has a light condensing member on at least one end side between the outer light transmitting member and the inner light transmitting member.

Here, "a material having a different light-transmitting property depending on the incident angle of a light beam" refers to a material whose transmitted light amount changes according to a change of the incident angle of a light beam. In addition, with such materials,
To combine with a selective transmission function (for example, infrared cut or ultraviolet cut) for the wavelength of light, or to superimpose a plurality of transparent members with different selective transmission functions in a multiple structure and adjust their angles individually. Allows the overall transmission spectrum to be adjusted to the desired one.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in a greenhouse, for example, a non-rotating light-transmitting member is provided with a preselected selective light-transmitting function (for example, cutting light rays of a specific wavelength), and an angle-adjusting light-transmitting member is provided. , Using materials with different translucency depending on the change of the incident angle of the light ray, or by adding a selective translucent function to it, in response to the change of the incident angle and spectrum of sunlight depending on the season and time, By adjusting the angle, it is possible to obtain the most suitable light quantity and spectrum for the organisms grown in the greenhouse. Then, if the energy of the reflected light rays is collected for the adjustment and the light energy is converted into electricity or heat energy by a solar cell or a heat collecting device and used, the solar energy can be used to the maximum extent. it can.

Further, if this technique is applied to the roof or the side wall of a general building or house, the living environment in the building can be optimally adjusted, and the energy of the reflected light is used to heat and cool the room or other heat sources. It can be used as an energy source and can be a building with a great energy saving effect.

Particularly, when a special limitation is required for the irradiation spectrum, a plurality of transmission members having different transmission light spectra with adjustable angles are superposed in a multiple structure, and the angles thereof are adjusted individually, so that the transmitted light can be adjusted. The spectrum of can be adjusted comprehensively.

Further, when the non-rotating side light-transmitting member is inside, if the light-transmitting member has a diffractive refraction structure (for example, template glass or frosted glass), the effect of the light-transmitting member whose angle can be adjusted is synergized with that in the room. It is also possible to obtain more uniform illumination.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of an embodiment of a lighting control device for a structure. This device is installed in two layers on the roof of a building such as a greenhouse (not shown), and adjusts the outer light-transmitting member 1 that limits the transmission of rays of harmful wavelengths or intensities of sunlight and the transmitted light according to the angle. It has an inner light-transmitting member 2 and an angle adjusting mechanism 3 for adjusting the angle of the inner light-transmitting member 2 among them. Further, in this embodiment, the solar cell unit 4 is provided at the end on one side between the inner and outer translucent members.

The outer translucent member 1 is, for example, a half mirror facing inward, has a light transmittance of about 80%, and is fixedly arranged so as to form a roof of a building. The back surface 1a has a light reflecting effect to some extent. The inner light-transmissive member 2 is a glass having angle selectivity with different light transmissivity depending on the angle, for example, it reflects light at an incident angle of 0 ° to 60 °, and light at other incident angles is normal glass. Is transparent as well. Although detailed description is omitted, such glass has been commercialized.

The angle adjusting mechanism 3 is composed of an operating rod 31 extending in the width direction of the building, a connecting rod 32 linked to the operating rod 31, a support shaft 33 fixed to the operating rod 31, and the like. The support shaft 33 is rotatably supported at a fixed position from a building through a support mechanism (not shown). The solar cell unit 4 includes a light collector 41 and an angle control device 4 for the light collector 41.
2, has a battery 43 and the like.

In such a lighting adjustment device, when strong sunlight hits the outer light-transmissive member 1 from the direction indicated by arrow A in the figure, the incident angle α of the sunlight on the inner light-transmissive member 2 is 6 degrees.
Aim within 0 °. By doing so, about 80% of sunlight comes in through the outer light-transmitting member 1, but some light rays are reflected in the direction of arrow B depending on the incident angle,
The remainder penetrates in the direction of arrow C. Therefore, if the angle of the inner light-transmitting member is adjusted, it is extremely easy to adjust the amount of light transmitted in the direction of arrow C to an appropriate amount. On the other hand, arrow B
The light reflected in the direction is reflected by the back surface 1a of the outer translucent member 1 having a light reflection effect, and travels toward the light collector 41 of the solar cell. Therefore, the reflected light is concentrated on the light collector 41, and this is converted into electric energy by the battery 43. At night, in winter, etc., the inner light-transmissive member 2 is located at the position shown by the chain double-dashed line in the figure. As a result, the inner and outer translucent members 2 and 1 form a double wall structure, and the airtight heat insulating effect is improved.

According to the present daylight adjusting device, the inner transparent member 2
By adjusting the angle of, the amount of light transmission inside the building can be adjusted to an optimum amount. Then, excess light energy can be converted into electric energy, and the energy can be effectively used. Further, if the solar cell is replaced with a heat collecting device, the solar energy can be converted into heat energy, which can be used for heating and cooling, hot water and the like.
Further, due to the double wall structure, a heat insulating effect can be obtained in the fully closed state. Further, when artificially illuminating the inside of a building, if the inner light-transmitting member 2 is opened, the illumination efficiency can be increased by the reflection effect of the outer light-transmitting member 1.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment. The device of this example is
The difference from the device of FIG. 1 is that the angle adjusting mechanism 3 is configured as a link and a guide device. The angle adjusting mechanism 3 includes a fixed rail 35, a roller 36 attached to one end of the inner light-transmissive member 2 and guided by the fixed rail 35, a shaft 37 rotatably connecting the inner light-transmissive members 2 to each other, and attached to this. The roller 38, the moving rail 39 that is moved in the direction of the arrow D while guiding the roller 38, and the like. The light collectors 41 of the solar cell are provided on both sides. This device also has the same effects as the device of FIG. 1, but since the inner light-transmitting member 2 is continuous, a double glass is always formed, so that the heat insulating property is further improved.

FIG. 3 and subsequent figures show various embodiments. In the figures below, only the glass configuration is shown to simplify the figure,
The angle adjustment mechanism is omitted. In FIG. 3, the outer and inner translucent members 1 and 2 are an ultraviolet cut glass and a heat ray reflective glass that selectively block ultraviolet rays and infrared rays, respectively, and both glasses are provided with an angle adjusting mechanism. The ultraviolet cut glass transmits, for example, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of about 340 to 400 nm, which is experimentally proved to be useful for plant growth, and cuts ultraviolet rays having a shorter wavelength. The heat ray reflective glass is glass to which a heat ray reflective film is attached, and particularly cuts infrared rays having a wavelength of 780 nm or more significantly. Such ultraviolet rays and infrared rays are UV in the figure.
, And UR, and these paths are indicated by arrows. Both glasses do not interfere with the transmission of the visible light L.

When such a device is applied to a greenhouse, it is possible to reduce the durability of the heat ray reflective film when the both glasses 1 and 2 are completely closed, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), without being necessary for the growth of plants. In addition to blocking the characteristic ultraviolet rays,
The infrared cut can suppress the unnecessary rise of the internal temperature. Further, it is possible to obtain the medium temperature greenhouse effect in the period when the sunlight is weak. When the heat ray-cutting glass 2 is tilted as shown in FIG. 7B, infrared rays are appropriately introduced directly or as reflected light, and the greenhouse temperature can be maintained at a required temperature during a low temperature season or the like. In this case, since the inner light-transmissive member 2 is divided, a light reflection effect occurs between the members, and uniform light collection is achieved. FIG. 7C shows a case where infrared rays are cut and ultraviolet rays are limitedly introduced. (D) is a case where both glasses are opened and sunlight is taken into the maximum. Furthermore, if the angles of the two sets of translucent members whose translucency with respect to the wavelength of the light beam changes depending on the angle are set to change independently, the spectrum of the sun rays that changes with time is adjusted to the desired spectrum. It is also possible to do. In the case where the angles of both the glasses can be adjusted in this way, as shown in FIG. 8E or FIG. 8F, a translucent protective member 5 is provided above or below the glass to prevent the sealing property. It is desirable to ensure heat retention.

FIG. 4 shows an example of utilizing the light reflecting action of the outer light-transmitting member. As shown in (a) of the figure, when the sunlight is inclined, when the plant planted on the ground is targeted,
A dead zone F where sunlight does not hit occurs due to the portion E where the sunlight hits wastefully and the side wall of the building. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 1B, for example, a heat ray reflective glass having a light reflecting function is used as the outer translucent member 1,
This is tilted so that the reflected light impinges on the dead zone F. In this way, effective use of sunlight can be achieved.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which the lighting adjustment device achieves both lighting control and energy saving when the structure is a house. The outer translucent member 1 is provided with a condensing portion of the solar cell on the front surface 12 side and an infrared reflection film on the rear surface 11 side, and the angle can be adjusted. The inner light-transmissive member 2 is an ultraviolet cut filter that is fixedly provided, and has a waterproof and heat retaining function. There may be partial ventilation windows and slits. In this device, when fully closed as shown in FIG. 1A, sunlight can be used for the solar cell, and infrared rays and ultraviolet rays can be cut to improve the cooling effect in the house and prevent sunburn of furniture and the like. it can. By appropriately tilting the outer light-transmitting member 1 as shown in (b), visible light and infrared rays can be introduced in a limited manner, and the room can be heated to an appropriate temperature.

In the figure (c), when sunlight hits from the range shown by the arrow, the outer light-transmitting member 1 on the sunlit side is closed and the one on the opposite side is opened to generate power on one side and to Illumination is shown on the other side where it does not hit. In this case, the reflective roof 6 may be additionally equipped, as shown by a chain double-dashed line.
By doing so, when sunlight hits from the direction indicated by the chain double-dashed line, it can be reflected by the reflective roof 6 and used for power generation. In the range of high sunlight as shown by the arrow in (d), the sunlight can be maximally utilized for both power generation and daylighting by setting the outer translucent member 1 in a substantially horizontal state. Further, as in (e), if the sunlight is taken in from the sunlit side and the opposite side is closed to improve the heat insulating effect, a favorable condition for heating can be realized.

The lighting adjustment device of the present invention is not limited to a fixedly constructed building such as a greenhouse or a house, but can be applied to a prefabricated building or a portable building such as a small greenhouse. is there.

[0024]

As described above, according to the present invention, in the invention of claim 1, the inner and outer light-transmitting members are provided in two layers, and at least one of them is made of a material having a different light-transmitting property depending on the incident angle. By making it adjustable, it is possible to limit the use of sunlight by restricting it, positively adopt it by using reflection, selectively shade the wavelength, and improve the heat insulation by forming a double roof. The multifaceted effective use of sunlight in the structure can be achieved. In the invention of claim 2, surplus energy of sunlight can be further utilized as electric energy or heat energy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a main part of a lighting adjustment device of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a main part of a lighting adjustment device of another embodiment.

FIG. 3A to FIG. 3F are explanatory views of a lighting adjustment device of still another embodiment.

FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are explanatory views of an example in which the reflection function of the outer translucent member is used.

5A to 5E are explanatory views of a case where the lighting adjustment device is used for lighting and energy saving in a house.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 outer translucent member 2 inner translucent member 3 angle adjusting mechanism

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An outer light-transmitting member and an inner light-transmitting member, which are attached to the outer wall portion of a structure in two layers, and an angle adjustment for adjusting the angle of at least one of the outer light-transmitting member and the inner light-transmitting member. And a mechanism, wherein the outer light transmissive member or the inner light transmissive member whose angle can be adjusted is a material having a different light transmissive property depending on an incident angle of a light beam. 2. The inner side surface of the outer light-transmissive member and the outer side surface of the inner light-transmissive member have a light reflecting function, and are gathered on at least one end side between the outer light-transmissive member and the inner light-transmissive member. The lighting control device for a structure according to claim 1, further comprising an optical member.