JPH08216655A - Heat pump type air conditioner for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle capable of preventing deterioration of a heating feeling due to cold air blowout at the time of starting to drive a heater and clearing away cloudiness at an early stage even in the case when a window glass becomes cloudy due to indoor conditions of high humidity, etc. CONSTITUTION: Hot water supplied to a heater core 39 in a duct 3 is heated by heat exchange with a high temperature and high pressure refrigerant discharged from a refrigerant compressor 23 by a refrigerant/water heat exchanger 24. Air ventilation to the inside of a car room is stopped by making applied voltage to a bower motor 2c zero in the case when temperature of hot water flowing in the heater core 39 is lower than set temperature and a temperature difference between water temperature and outside air temperature is smaller than a specified temperature value. Additionally, even when the water temperature is lower than the set temperature, at the time when the temperature difference between the water temperature and the outside air temperature is larger than the specified temperature value, ventilating air of low air capacity is blown out from a defroster blowouthole 14 in an outside air mode state.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle, which performs so-called warm-up control to prevent blowout of cold air at the start of heating operation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in a vehicle equipped with a water-cooled engine, engine cooling water is used as a heat source for heating, but when the heating operation is started when the temperature of the cooling water is still low when the engine is started, the engine is heated sufficiently. The air that has not been blown is blown into the passenger compartment, which gives an occupant an unpleasant feeling. Therefore, in the conventional auto air conditioner, as shown in FIG. 10, when the heating operation is started, the cooling water temperature Tw is the predetermined water temperature T.
When the temperature is 1 (for example, 30 ° C.) or less, so-called warm-up control (cold air prevention mode) is performed in which the blower and the refrigeration cycle are stopped to prevent the blowing of cold air.

On the other hand, electric vehicles that cannot use engine cooling water as a heat source for heating are often equipped with a heat pump type air conditioner. For example, hot water heated by a high pressure refrigerant (high temperature) is used as a heat source (or high pressure). A heating operation is performed using the refrigerant as a heat source. Also in this electric vehicle, warm-up control for preventing blowout of cold air is performed until the heat source temperature (hot water temperature, refrigerant temperature) reaches a predetermined temperature, similar to the engine-equipped vehicle (gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, etc.). .

[0004]

However, in the heat pump type air conditioner mounted on the electric vehicle, as the outside air temperature becomes lower, the amount of heat absorbed by the outdoor heat exchanger (acting as an evaporator) decreases, so that the high pressure The temperature of the refrigerant also decreases. As a result, as shown in FIG. 11, the water temperature rises more slowly than in the vehicle equipped with the engine. Therefore, if the operation of the blower is stopped by the warm-up control until the water temperature reaches the predetermined water temperature, the start of air blowing will be delayed as compared with the vehicle equipped with the engine. Specifically, using the graph of FIG. 11,
When the water temperature reaches 30 ° C, the warm-up control is released and air is blown. When the outside air temperature is -5 ° C,
Start of air blowing from an engine-equipped vehicle is t2-t1 minutes (about 3-5
Min) It will be delayed.

This delay in the start of air blowing not only delays the actual start of heating (hot air blowing), but also causes the window glass to become cloudy under high humidity indoor conditions due to the large number of passengers and the climate such as rain and snow. However, there is a problem that the windshield cannot be cleared due to the stop of air flow. The present invention was made based on the above circumstances, and its purpose is to:
(EN) Provided is a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle, which can prevent deterioration of heating feeling due to blowing of cold air at the start of heating operation and can clear cloudy weather early even when window glass is clouded under high humidity indoor conditions. Especially.

[0006]

The present invention has the following features to attain the object mentioned above. In claim 1,
A duct connecting the inside air introduction port or the outside air introduction port and at least one of the plurality of air outlets opening in the vehicle compartment, and introducing air into the duct from the inside air introduction port or the outside air introduction port to the blowout port A blower for blowing air toward the inside and outside air switching door that opens the outside air introduction port by closing the inside air introduction port when the outside air mode is set, and when the defroster mode is set, Of these, the outlet switching door that opens the defroster outlet that blows air toward the window glass of the vehicle, the heat medium circulation circuit in which the heat medium circulates, and the circulation direction of the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor according to the air conditioning mode. A heat pump type refrigeration cycle for switching, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor and the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit, and Air heating means disposed in a duct and connected to the heat medium circulation circuit, for heating air passing through the heat medium that has undergone heat exchange with the refrigerant in the heat exchanger as a heat source, and a heat medium flowing through the air heating means. Heat medium temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of, the outside air temperature detecting means for detecting the outside air temperature, the air conditioning mode determining means for determining the air conditioning mode, and when the heating mode is determined by this air conditioning mode determining means, The inlet mode control means for setting the outside air mode to control the inside / outside air switching door, and the temperature of the heat medium detected by the heat medium temperature detecting means when the heating mode is determined by the air conditioning mode determining means. When the heat medium temperature determining means for comparing and determining with a predetermined value and the heat medium temperature determining means determines that the temperature of the heat medium is lower than the predetermined value,
A temperature difference determination unit that determines a temperature difference between the temperature of the heat medium detected by the heat medium temperature detection unit and the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature detection unit with a determination value, and the outside temperature is determined by this temperature difference determination unit. When it is determined that the temperature of the heat medium is lower than the determination value than the temperature, the temperature of the heat medium is higher than the outside air temperature by the first blower control unit that stops the operation of the blower and the temperature difference determination unit. When it is determined that the temperature is higher than the determination value, the blower is provided such that a predetermined air flow rate that is smaller than the air flow rate set when the temperature of the heat medium is determined by the heat medium temperature determination means to be the predetermined value or higher. And a blower outlet mode control unit that sets the defroster mode to control the blower outlet switching door when at least the second blower control unit is executed. Characterized in that was.

In the second aspect of the present invention, a duct that connects the inside air introduction port or the outside air introduction port to at least one of the plurality of air outlets opening in the vehicle compartment, and the air from the inside air introduction port or the outside air introduction port into the duct. And a blower that blows air toward the air outlet, and an outside air switching door that closes the inside air inlet and opens the outside air inlet when the outside air mode is set, and a defroster mode is set. Occasionally, a blowout port switching door that opens a defroster blowout port that blows air toward the window glass of the vehicle among the plurality of blowout ports, and a heat pump type that switches the circulation direction of the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor according to the air conditioning mode. A refrigerating cycle, an air heating means arranged in the duct, for heating air passing through the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor as a heat source, and Refrigerant temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant medium flowing through the air heating means, outside air temperature detection means for detecting the outside air temperature, air conditioning mode determination means for determining the air conditioning mode, and heating mode by this air conditioning mode determination means. When it is determined that the outside air mode is set, the inlet mode control means for controlling the inside / outside air switching door, and the heating mode is determined by the air conditioning mode determination means,
Refrigerant temperature determination means for comparing the refrigerant temperature detected by the refrigerant temperature detection means with a predetermined value, and when the refrigerant temperature is determined to be lower than the predetermined value by the refrigerant temperature determination means, the refrigerant temperature detection means The temperature difference between the detected refrigerant temperature and the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature detection means is compared with a judgment value to determine the temperature difference, and the temperature difference determination means determines that the refrigerant temperature is higher than the outside air temperature. When it is determined to be smaller than the value, the first blower control means for stopping the operation of the blower, and when it is determined that the refrigerant temperature is larger than the outside temperature by the temperature difference determination means, the determination value is greater than the determination value,
Second blower control means for controlling the operation of the blower so as to obtain a predetermined blow rate smaller than the blow rate set when the coolant temperature is determined by the coolant temperature determining means to be equal to or higher than the predetermined value, and at least the blower When the second blower control means is executed, the blower outlet mode control means for setting the defroster mode and controlling the blower outlet switching door is provided.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the vehicle heat pump type air conditioner according to the first or second aspect, the blowout port mode control means sets the defroster mode when the first blower control means is executed. And controlling the outlet switching door.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle according to the second aspect, the refrigerant temperature detecting means includes a refrigerant pressure detecting means for detecting a condensation pressure of the refrigerant condensed by the air heating means. And a refrigerant temperature calculating means for calculating the refrigerant temperature from the refrigerant pressure detected by the refrigerant pressure detecting means.

[0010]

(Claim 1) The heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit is heated by heat exchange with the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor of the heat pump type refrigeration cycle, and then, in the duct. The air passing through the air heating means is heated when flowing through the air heating means. The heated air is blown into the vehicle compartment from the air outlet to perform the heating operation. In this heating operation, when the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the air heating means is lower than a predetermined value, the required heating performance cannot be obtained, so the operation of the blower is stopped or the blower is operated so that the air volume becomes low. To control.

Specifically, the temperature difference between the temperature of the heat medium and the outside air temperature is obtained and compared with the judgment value. When the temperature of the heat medium is smaller than the judgment value than the outside air temperature, the operation of the blower is stopped. To prevent the blowing of cold air. Further, when the temperature of the heat medium is higher than the outside air temperature by the judgment value or more, the blown air of low air volume is blown out from the defroster outlet in the outside air mode. As a result, even if the window glass is fogged under high humidity vehicle interior conditions, it is possible to clear the fogging of the window glass early. The low air flow rate refers to a predetermined air flow rate that is smaller than the air flow rate set when the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the air heating means is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.

(Claim 2) When the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor of the heat pump type refrigeration cycle flows through the air heating means, the air passing through the air heating means is heated, and the heated air is heated. Heating operation is performed by being blown into the vehicle compartment from the air outlet. In this heating operation, when the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the air heating means is lower than a predetermined value, the required heating performance cannot be obtained, so the operation of the blower is stopped or the operation of the blower is controlled so that the air volume becomes low. To do.

Specifically, the temperature difference between the refrigerant temperature and the outside air temperature is obtained and compared with the judgment value. When the refrigerant temperature is lower than the judgment value than the outside air temperature, the blower is stopped to stop the cool air. Prevent speech bubbles. Further, when the refrigerant temperature is higher than the outside air temperature by the determination value or more, the blown air of a low air volume is blown out from the defroster outlet in the outside air mode. As a result, as in the case of claim 1, even if the window glass is fogged under high humidity vehicle interior conditions, it is possible to clear the fogging of the window glass early. Note that the low air volume refers to a predetermined air volume that is smaller than the air volume set when the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the air heating means is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.

(Claim 3) When the first blower control means is executed, that is, when the operation of the blower is stopped, even if the operation of the blower is stopped, the vehicle travels naturally from the outside air inlet or As a result, outside air enters the duct. Therefore, if the outlet mode is set to the defroster mode, the wind having a temperature substantially the same as the outside air flows into the vehicle compartment through the defroster outlet, and the effect of clearing the window glass can be expected.

(Claim 4) In the heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 2, the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the air heating means detects the condensation pressure of the refrigerant condensed by heat exchange with the air by the air heating means. , Can be calculated from the condensation pressure (refrigerant pressure).

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, an embodiment of a vehicle heat pump type air conditioner of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. (First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a heat pump type air conditioner (hereinafter abbreviated as an air conditioner) mounted on an electric vehicle. The air conditioner 1 of this embodiment has a blower 2 (a blower of the present invention) integrally formed with an inside / outside air switching means (described below), a duct 3 for guiding the blown air sent from the blower 2 into the vehicle interior, A heat pump type refrigeration cycle 4 that forms a refrigerant circulation circuit, a hot water cycle 5 that forms a hot water circulation circuit (heat medium circulation circuit of the present invention), and an electronic control unit 6 that controls the operation of each air conditioner (see FIG. 2). / Hereinafter referred to as ECU 6) and the like.

The blower 2 comprises a blower case 2a integrally provided with an inside / outside air switching box 7, a centrifugal fan 2b housed in the blower case 2a, and a blower motor 2c for rotationally driving the centrifugal fan 2b. The air flow rate (the rotation speed of the blower motor 2c) is determined according to the voltage (blower voltage) applied through the drive circuit 2A (see FIG. 2).

The inside / outside air switching box 7 is formed with an inside air inlet 8 for introducing air inside the passenger compartment (hereinafter referred to as inside air) and an outside air inlet 9 for introducing air outside the passenger compartment (hereinafter referred to as outside air). In addition, the inside / outside air switching door 10 that selectively opens and closes the inside air introduction port 8 and the outside air introduction port 9 according to the suction port mode (outside air mode, inside air mode) is rotatably supported. The inside / outside air switching door 10 is driven by an actuator 11 (see FIG. 2) such as a servomotor to fully open the outside air introduction port 9 when the outside air mode is set, and the inside air introduction port 8 when the inside air mode is set. Fully open. The inside / outside air switching means includes an inside / outside air switching box 7 having an inside air inlet 8 and an outside air inlet 9, and an inside / outside air switching door 1.
It consists of 0 and.

The duct 3 comprises a cooler case 12 connected to the blower case 2a and a heater case 13 connected to the cooler case 12. The heater case 13 has an outlet (a defroster outlet 14 that blows air toward the windshield, a face outlet 15 that blows air toward the upper half of the occupant, and a foot that blows air toward the passenger's feet). An air outlet 16) is provided, and air outlet switching doors 17 to 19 that selectively open and close the air outlets 14 to 16 according to the air outlet mode are rotatably supported.

The outlet switching doors 17 to 19 are driven by actuators 20 to 22 (see FIG. 2) such as servomotors. Further, the outlet mode includes a defroster mode for opening the defroster outlet 14, a face mode for opening the face outlet 15, a bi-level mode for opening both the face outlet 15 and the foot outlet 16, and a foot mode for opening the foot outlet 16. Etc. are set.

The refrigeration cycle 4 includes a refrigerant compressor 23, a refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24, a first pressure reducer 25, and an outdoor heat exchanger 2.
6, a second decompressor 27, an indoor evaporator 28, an accumulator 29, a refrigerant flow path switching means (described below), a refrigerant pipe 30 connecting these, and the like, and a refrigerant flow path according to the air conditioning mode. To change. The air conditioning mode includes a cooling mode for performing a cooling operation, a heating mode for performing a heating operation, a dehumidifying mode for performing a dehumidifying operation, and a defrosting operation for performing a defrosting operation when frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 26 is detected during the heating operation. Frost mode is set. However, in this embodiment, the cooling mode and the heating mode will be described.

The refrigerant compressor 23 compresses and discharges the gas refrigerant sucked into the refrigerant compressor 23, and drives the electric motor 31.
(See FIG. 2) is incorporated, and the refrigerant discharge amount changes according to the rotation speed of the electric motor 31. The electric motor 31 changes the rotation speed based on the frequency characteristic of the inverter 32. The output frequency of the inverter 32 (that is, the electric motor 3
The rotation speed of 1 is variable according to the operating position of the temperature adjusting lever 34 provided on the operation panel 33 (see FIG. 2).

The refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24 has a double pipe structure made of a metal such as aluminum alloy having excellent heat conductivity, and has a hot water passage 24a connected to the hot water pipe 35 of the hot water cycle 5 on the inner peripheral side. A refrigerant passage 24b connected to the refrigerant pipe 30 is formed on the outer peripheral side. This refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24
The high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 23 flows through the refrigerant passage 24b, and the hot water circulating in the hot water cycle 5 flows through the hot water passage 24a. Heat exchange takes place.

The first decompressor 25 is composed of a capillary tube, an expansion valve, etc., and is used for the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24 during heating operation.
The refrigerant sent from is decompressed and expanded. Outdoor heat exchanger 26
Is installed outside the vehicle compartment (for example, in a place where it is likely to receive traveling wind), and performs heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing inside and the outside air blown by the electric fan 36. It should be noted that during the heating operation, it functions as an evaporator that evaporates the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant decompressed by the first decompressor 25 by heat exchange with the outside air, and during the cooling operation, the refrigerant sent from the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24 It works as a condenser to condense and liquefy by heat exchange with the outside air.

The second decompressor 27 is composed of a capillary tube, an expansion valve, etc., and decompresses and expands the refrigerant sent from the outdoor heat exchanger 26 during the cooling operation. The indoor evaporator 28 is installed in the cooler case 12 and exchanges heat between the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant decompressed by the second decompressor 27 and the air blown from the blower 2 during the cooling operation. As a result, the refrigerant flowing inside the indoor evaporator 28 deprives the latent heat of evaporation from the air passing through the indoor evaporator 28 and evaporates, whereby the indoor evaporator 2
The air passing through 8 is cooled.

The accumulator 29 separates the refrigerant flowing therein into a liquid refrigerant and a gas refrigerant, stores the liquid refrigerant, and sends only the gas refrigerant to the refrigerant compressor 23. The refrigerant flow path switching means switches the flow direction of the refrigerant circulating through the refrigeration cycle 4 according to the air conditioning mode, and includes the first electromagnetic valve 37 and the second electromagnetic valve 37.
And a solenoid valve 38. The first electromagnetic valve 37 and the second electromagnetic valve 38 are opened by receiving energization, and closed by stopping energization. However, the first solenoid valve 37 opens during the cooling operation and closes during the heating operation. The second electromagnetic valve 38 opens during the heating operation and closes during the cooling operation.

Here, the flow of the refrigerant in the cooling mode and the heating mode will be described. B) Cooling mode (first solenoid valve 37: ON, second solenoid valve 3
8: OFF). The refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 23 passes through the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24 → the first electromagnetic valve 37 → the outdoor heat exchanger 26 → the second pressure reducer 27 → the indoor evaporator 28 → the accumulator 29,
It is again sucked into the refrigerant compressor 23 (the flow of the refrigerant is shown by an arrow C in FIG. 1). (B) Heating mode (first solenoid valve 37: OFF, second solenoid valve 38: ON). The refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 23 passes through the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24 → the first pressure reducer 25 → the outdoor heat exchanger 26 → the second electromagnetic valve 38 → the accumulator 29, and again the refrigerant compressor 23.
Are sucked in (the flow of the refrigerant is shown by an arrow H in FIG. 1).

The hot water cycle 5 comprises the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24, the hot water heater core 39 (the air heating means of the present invention), the combustion heater 40, the water pump 41, and the hot water pipe 35 connecting them. It is configured.
In this embodiment, an antifreeze liquid (eg, ethylene glycol aqueous solution) is used as the hot water (heat medium of the present invention) circulating in the hot water cycle 5.

The hot water type heater core 39 is used in the heater case 1.
It is installed in 3 and heats the passing air by heat exchange with the hot water flowing inside. However, hot water heater core 3
9 is arranged so that the air flowing in the heater case 13 can bypass the hot water heater core 39. Further, in the heater case 13, a pair of air mix doors 42 is rotatably supported to adjust the ratio of the amount of air passing through the hot water heater core 39 and the amount of air bypassing the hot water heater core 39. The air mix door 42 is an actuator 43 such as a stepping motor or a servo motor.
(See FIG. 2).

The combustion type heater 40 mixes the fuel pumped from a fuel pump (not shown) with combustion air and burns it.
The hot water is heated by heat exchange with the combustion gas generated during the combustion. The combustion gas that has finished the heat exchange with the hot water is discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 40a. However, this combustion type heater 40 is used when the outside air temperature is low (for example, about 0 ° C.).
In addition, the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24 is used as an auxiliary heating device when hot water cannot be sufficiently heated. The combustion heater 40 adjusts the fuel supply amount and the combustion air amount that are pumped from a fuel pump (not shown) so that the combustion amount (heat generation amount) is “Hi” and the combustion amount is “Lo”. It can be used by switching to two stages.
The water pump 41 circulates hot water in the hot water cycle 5 by being energized and started.

The ECU 6, as shown in FIG.
a (Central processing unit), ROM 6b, RAM 6c, A
The D / D converter 6d, the input interface 6e, the output interface 6f and the like are operated by receiving electric power from the vehicle-mounted power source 44 (DC200V) via the junction box J. The junction box J is also connected to a traveling inverter I that controls the rotation speed of the traveling motor M.

The ECU 6 includes sensors (inside air sensor 4
5, the outside air sensor 46, the solar radiation sensor 47, the refrigerant pressure sensor 48, the post-evaporation temperature sensor 49, the water temperature sensor 50, the defrost sensor 51), and the sensor values input based on various operations on the operation panel 33. The operation of each air conditioner is controlled based on the input signal and the control program input in advance. The inside air sensor 45 detects the temperature in the vehicle interior (inside air temperature) and outputs it as the inside air temperature signal Tr to the ECU 6
Output to. The outside air sensor 46 (outside air temperature detecting means of the present invention) detects the temperature outside the vehicle compartment (outside air temperature) and outputs it to the ECU 6 as an outside air temperature signal Tam. The solar radiation sensor 47 is
EC is detected as the amount of solar radiation signal Ts by detecting the amount of solar radiation into the passenger compartment
Output to U6.

The refrigerant pressure sensor 48 detects the high pressure (condensation pressure) of the refrigeration cycle 4 and outputs it as a refrigerant pressure signal Pd to the ECU 6. The post-evaporation temperature sensor 49 detects the air outlet temperature of the indoor evaporator 28 to detect the post-evaporation temperature signal T.
It is output to the ECU 6 as e. The water temperature sensor 50 is installed, for example, in a state where the temperature sensitive portion is in contact with the end of the hot water heater core 39, detects the temperature of the hot water, and outputs it to the ECU 6 as a water temperature signal Tw. The defrost sensor 51 is installed on the surface of the refrigerant pipe 30 that is the inlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 26 during the heating operation, detects the temperature of the refrigerant, and outputs it to the ECU 6 as a refrigerant temperature signal THD. The inside air sensor 45, the outside air sensor 46, the post-evaporation temperature sensor 49, the water temperature sensor 50,
The defrost sensor 51 is composed of a temperature sensitive element such as a thermistor.

The operation panel 33 is arranged on an instrument panel (not shown) in the vehicle compartment, and as shown in FIG. 2, the temperature control lever 34 and the blower 2 for setting the room temperature.
An air volume lever 52 for setting the air flow rate, a suction port mode switch 53 for switching the suction port mode, an air outlet mode switch 54 for switching the air outlet mode, an air conditioner switch 55 for activating the refrigeration cycle 4, and the like are provided. In addition, the temperature adjusting lever 34 changes the rotation speed of the refrigerant compressor 23 (that is,
The output frequency of the inverter) can be set.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. (Cooling Mode) When the cooling mode is set, the first solenoid valve 37 opens and the second solenoid valve 38 closes. Therefore, in the refrigeration cycle 4, after the high temperature and high pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 23 is condensed and liquefied by the heat exchange with the hot water in the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24, it passes through the first solenoid valve 37 and the outdoor heat It is guided to the exchanger 26 and is further condensed and liquefied by heat exchange with the outside air blown by the electric fan 36 in the outdoor heat exchanger 26. This liquid refrigerant is decompressed when passing through the second pressure reducer 27 to become a low-temperature atomized refrigerant, and the duct 3
The air is sent to the indoor evaporator 28 installed therein, and the indoor evaporator 28 exchanges heat with the air blown from the blower 2 to evaporate and evaporate. The vaporized refrigerant is gas-liquid separated by the accumulator 29, and only the gas refrigerant is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 23.

On the other hand, in the hot water cycle 5, the hot water circulated by the operation of the water pump 41 is heated by the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24 by receiving latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant. The heated hot water is heated by the hot water heater core 3 installed in the duct 3.
9 flowing through the hot water heater core 39 according to the opening degree of the air mix door 42 (the indoor evaporator 28
Heated air). However, in the case of maximum cooling, the air mix door 42 fully closes the hot water heater core 39, so that all the cold air cooled by the indoor evaporator 28 bypasses the hot water heater core 39. Hot water heater core 39
After being mixed with the cold air that bypasses the hot water heater core 39, the air heated in (1) is blown into the vehicle interior from the air outlet (mainly the face air outlet 15) corresponding to the set air outlet mode, The passenger compartment is cooled.

(Heating Mode) When the heating mode is set, the first solenoid valve 37 is closed and the second solenoid valve 38 is opened. Therefore, in the refrigeration cycle 4, after the high temperature and high pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 23 is condensed and liquefied by the heat exchange with the hot water in the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24, the first pressure reducer 2
When passing through 5, the refrigerant is decompressed to become a low-temperature mist-like refrigerant, flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 26, and is heat-exchanged with the outside air blown by the electric fan 36 to be evaporated and vaporized. After passing through the second solenoid valve 38, the vaporized refrigerant is stored in the accumulator 29.
The gas-liquid separation is carried out at, and only the gas refrigerant is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 23.

On the other hand, in the hot water cycle 5, as in the cooling mode, the hot water circulated by the operation of the water pump 41 is heated by receiving the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant in the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24, and then the hot water type. When flowing through the heater core 39,
The air passing through the hot water heater core 39 is heated according to the opening degree of the air mix door 42. However, in the case of maximum heating, the air mix door 42 fully opens the hot water heater core 39, so that all the air that has passed through the indoor evaporator 28 passes through the hot water heater core 39 and is heated. The heated air is mixed with the air that bypasses the hot water heater core 39, and then blown into the vehicle compartment from the air outlet (mainly the foot air outlet 16) corresponding to the set air outlet mode, The passenger compartment is heated. The temperature of the blown air in the cooling mode and the heating mode is adjusted by changing the output frequency of the inverter 32 by the temperature adjusting lever 34 of the operation panel 33 to control the rotation speed of the refrigerant compressor 23. However, the mixing ratio of the cold air and the warm air may be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the air mix door 42.

Next, the warm-up control performed at the start of the heating operation will be described. Air conditioner 1 of this embodiment
Then, when the heating operation is started, the hot water heater core 3
If the temperature of the hot water flowing through 9 is low, the desired heating effect cannot be obtained, so the following warm-up control is performed. This warm-up control will be described based on the operation of the ECU 6. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the control contents of the ECU 6. First, the counters and flags used for the warm-up control calculation processing are initialized (step 100).

Subsequently, the air conditioning mode is determined (step 110 / air conditioning mode determination means). If it is determined in this determination that the mode is not the heating mode (determination result NO), the determination in step 110 is repeated. When the heating mode is determined (determination result Y
ES) controls the inside / outside air switching door 10 to set the inlet mode to the outside air mode (step 120 / inlet mode control means), and controls the outlet switching doors 17 to 19 to set the outlet mode to the defroster mode. Set to (Step 13
0 / outlet mode control means).

Then, the sensor values (Tw, Tam) of the water temperature sensor 50 and the outside air sensor 46 are read (step 140). Then, the read water temperature Tw and the preset water temperature T1 (predetermined value of the present invention) are compared and determined (step 150 / heat medium temperature determination means). Here, the set water temperature T1 is, as shown in FIG. 4, the blower voltage VX → V
It is a temperature for determining whether or not to increase to 1 (however, VX <V1), which is, for example, 30 ° C. Blower voltage V
1 is a minimum applied voltage to the blower motor 2c that can be adjusted by the air volume lever 52, and is, for example, 6V.

When Tw <T1 in this judgment (judgment result N
O) is the temperature difference (Tw-Ta) between the water temperature Tw and the outside air temperature Tam.
m) and a preset temperature value ΔT1 (determination value of the present invention)
Is compared and determined (step 151 / temperature difference determination means). Here, the temperature value ΔT1 is the defroster outlet 14
It is a reference value for determining whether or not the occupant feels uncomfortable when the blown air is blown from, for example, 14 ° C. When Tw-Tam <ΔT1 in this judgment (judgment result NO),
As shown in, keep the blower voltage at 0 (step 1
52 / first blower control means), and returns to step 151.
As a result, when the water temperature Tw is lower than the set water temperature T1 and the occupant feels uncomfortable when blowing air, the blowing of air into the vehicle compartment is stopped.

In the judgment of step 151, Tw-Tam ≧
When ΔT1 (determination result is YES), as shown in FIG.
Blower voltage = V3 (step 153 / second blower control means). This blower voltage V3 is a voltage corresponding to an amount of air that can clear the windshield without causing discomfort to passengers by blowing air into the passenger compartment even when the water temperature Tw is equal to or lower than the set water temperature T1. , For example, 4.5V. As a result, even if the water temperature Tw is equal to or lower than the set water temperature T1, if the windshield is likely to be fogged, a small amount of blown air can be blown toward the windshield from the defroster outlet 14.

After the process of step 153 is executed, the process returns to step 150 again. By the determination in step 150,
When Tw ≧ T1 (determination result is YES), the outlet mode is set based on the outlet mode characteristic (map) input to the ECU in advance (step 170). However, in the heating operation, the foot mode is mainly set, and hot air is blown from the foot outlet 16.

After the outlet mode is set, the water temperature Tw read in the previous step 140 and the preset water temperature T2 (for example, 50 ° C.) are compared and judged (step 1).
70). When Tw <T2 in this judgment (judgment result NO)
Increases the blower voltage in proportion to the rise in the water temperature so that the blower voltage = V2 (where V2> V1) when Tw = T2 due to the rise in the water temperature Tw (step 18).
0). Specifically, based on the water temperature signal Tw input from the water temperature sensor 50, a current signal or the like is output to the blower drive circuit 2A, and the blower drive circuit 2A applies a predetermined blower voltage to the blower motor 2c. Adjust the air volume.

On the other hand, in the determination at step 170, Tw ≧ T2
If (YES in the determination result), the blower voltage is set to V2 (step 190). The blower voltage V2 is the maximum applied voltage to the blower motor 2c which can be adjusted by the air volume lever 52, and is 12V, for example. After executing the processing of step 180 or step 190, this control is ended.

(Effect of the First Embodiment) In the air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment, the temperature Tw of the hot water flowing through the hot water heater core 39 is set at the set water temperature T1 by executing the above-mentioned warm-up control at the start of the heating operation. Lower (Tw <T1),
When the temperature difference between the water temperature Tw and the outside air temperature Tam is smaller than the preset temperature value ΔT1 (Tw-Tam <ΔT1),
The operation of the blower 2 is stopped, and it is possible to prevent the cool air from blowing into the vehicle interior. Further, in this case, if the suction port mode is fixed to the outside air mode, outside air is introduced into the duct 3 as the vehicle travels even if the blower 2 is stopped. Alternatively, even when the vehicle is stopped, the outside air naturally flows into the duct 3. For this reason, the air having a temperature substantially the same as the outside air flows into the vehicle compartment from the defroster outlet 14 and an effect of clearing the windshield can be expected.

On the other hand, even if the water temperature Tw is below the set water temperature T1,
When the temperature difference between the water temperature Tw and the outside air temperature Tam is equal to or higher than the temperature value ΔT1 (Tw-Tam ≧ ΔT1), the blown air with a low air flow (blower voltage = V3) blows the defroster air to the extent that it does not make passengers uncomfortable. It is blown out from the outlet 14 toward the windshield. As a result, even when the windshield is fogged due to high humidity in the passenger compartment, the fog can be cleared early.

In the warm-up control of this embodiment, the water temperature Tw is related to the blower voltage as shown in FIG. 6 when the blower voltage is switched (VX and V1).
May have hysteresis (T0 and T1). Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the relationship between the temperature difference between the water temperature and the outside temperature (Tw-Tam) and the blower voltage indicates that when the blower voltage is switched (0 and V3), the hysteresis (ΔT0 ΔT1) may be included.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 8 is an overall schematic view of a vehicle heat pump type air conditioner 1. In the air conditioner 1 of this embodiment, the indoor condenser 56 of the refrigeration cycle 4 is arranged in the duct 3 as an air heating means. In the following description, parts having the same functions as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same names and numbers as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In the refrigeration cycle 4, the flow direction of the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 23 is switched by the four-way valve 57 and the electromagnetic valve 58. A) Operation in the cooling mode (solenoid valve 58: OFF). In this cooling mode, the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 23 flows to the outdoor heat exchanger 26 via the four-way valve 57 and is condensed by heat exchange with the outside air blown by the electric fan 36 in the outdoor heat exchanger 26. Liquefy. The liquefied refrigerant is
It is decompressed by the second decompressor 27 and becomes a low temperature and low pressure atomized refrigerant which is supplied to the indoor evaporator 28 arranged in the duct 3 and is heat-exchanged with the air blown from the blower 2 by the indoor evaporator 28. Evaporate and vaporize. After the gas-liquid separation of the vaporized refrigerant by the accumulator 29, only the gas refrigerant is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 23 (the flow of the refrigerant is shown by an arrow C in the figure).
On the other hand, the air cooled by the indoor evaporator 28 is blown into the vehicle compartment from the selected outlet (mainly the face outlet 15).

(B) Operation in heating mode (solenoid valve 58: O
N). In this heating mode, the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 23 flows to the indoor condenser 56 arranged in the duct 3 via the four-way valve 57, and the air blown from the blower 2 is discharged in the indoor condenser 56. It is condensed and liquefied by heat exchange. The liquefied refrigerant is decompressed by the first decompressor 25 to be a low-temperature and low-pressure atomized refrigerant, which is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 26, and exchanges heat with the outdoor air blown by the electric fan 36 in the outdoor heat exchanger 26. It is evaporated and vaporized. This vaporized refrigerant passes through the solenoid valve 58 to the accumulator 29, and is separated into gas and liquid by the accumulator 29, and then only the gas refrigerant is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 23 (the refrigerant flow is indicated by an arrow H in the figure). Shown).
On the other hand, the air heated by the indoor condenser 56 is blown into the vehicle compartment from the selected outlet (mainly the foot outlet 16).

In the cooling mode and the heating mode, the temperature of the blown air is adjusted by changing the refrigerant discharge amount of the refrigerant compressor 23 by the temperature adjusting lever 34. As described in the first embodiment, the temperature control lever 34 changes the output frequency of the inverter 32 to change the rotation speed of the electric motor 31 in accordance with the lever position, so that the refrigerant discharge of the refrigerant compressor 23 is performed. You can change the amount.

Next, the warm-up control at the start of the heating operation will be described. The control content of the ECU 6 that executes the warm-up control is performed in the same processing procedure as in the first embodiment. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the ECU 6. However, the air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment is
Since the condensation heat of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle 4 is used as the heating heat source instead of using the hot water described in the first embodiment as the heating heat source, it is necessary to detect the refrigerant condensation temperature Tc. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, a pressure sensor 59 (refrigerant pressure detecting means of the present invention) is provided in the outlet pipe of the indoor evaporator 28 to detect the condensing pressure Pc of the refrigerant, and the condensing pressure Pc. The refrigerant temperature (condensation temperature Tc) that correlates with the condensation pressure Pc is calculated from.

Therefore, in step 240, the detection value (condensing pressure Pc) of the pressure sensor 59 is read in place of the water temperature Tw, and in step 250 the condensing temperature Tc is calculated from the condensing pressure Pc (refrigerant temperature calculating means of the present invention. ). Then, in steps 260, 261, 280 and 290, each process is executed using the condensation temperature Tc calculated in the previous step 250 instead of the water temperature Tw.

Also in this embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained. That is, the condensation temperature Tc of the refrigerant condensed in the indoor condenser 56 is lower than the set temperature T1 (T
c <T1) and when the temperature difference between the condensation temperature Tc and the outside air temperature Tam is smaller than a preset temperature value ΔT1 (Tc-T
When am <ΔT1), the operation of the blower 2 is stopped and the blowing of cold air into the passenger compartment is prevented. Also, the condensation temperature Tc
Even if the water temperature is lower than the set water temperature T1, the temperature difference between the condensation temperature Tc and the outside air temperature Tam is equal to or higher than the temperature value ΔT1 (Tc−Tam ≧ ΔT1
), The blast air with a low air flow (blower voltage = V3) is blown out from the defroster outlet 14 toward the windshield to the extent that it does not make passengers feel uncomfortable. It can be cleared.

[Modification] In the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to an air conditioner for an electric vehicle, but it may be applied to an air conditioner for a vehicle equipped with an air-cooled engine. Although the accumulator cycle is configured in the first and second embodiments, it may be used as a receiver cycle. Specifically, in the refrigeration cycle 4 shown in the first embodiment, between the refrigerant / water heat exchanger 24 and the first pressure reducer 25, and the outdoor heat exchanger 26.
A receiver is installed between the second pressure reducer 27 and the second pressure reducer 27. In the refrigeration cycle 4 shown in the second embodiment, the outdoor heat exchanger 26
Between the second decompressor 27 and the indoor condenser 56 and the first
A receiver is installed between each pressure reducer 25.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a vehicle heat pump type air conditioner (first embodiment).

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the control contents of the ECU (second embodiment).

FIG. 4 is a voltage characteristic diagram that determines a blower voltage according to a water temperature.

FIG. 5 is a voltage characteristic diagram that determines a blower voltage based on a temperature difference between a water temperature and an outside air temperature.

FIG. 6 is a voltage characteristic diagram in which hysteresis is added to the graph shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a voltage characteristic diagram in which hysteresis is added to the graph shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is an overall schematic diagram of an air conditioner according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the control contents of the ECU (second embodiment).

FIG. 10 is a relationship diagram between a water temperature and a blower voltage related to the conventional warm-up control.

FIG. 11 is a graph comparing the degree of increase in water temperature.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Vehicle heat pump type air conditioner 2 Blower (blower) 3 Duct 4 Heat pump type refrigeration cycle 5 Hot water cycle (heat medium circulation circuit) 6 ECU 8 Inside air inlet 9 Outside air inlet 10 Inside / outside air switching door 12 Cooler case (duct) 13 Heater case (duct) 14 Defroster outlet 15 Face outlet 16 Foot outlet 17 Air outlet switching door 18 Air outlet switching door 19 Air outlet switching door 23 Refrigerant compressor 24 Refrigerant / water heat exchanger (heat exchanger) 39 Hot water Type heater core (air heating means) 46 outside air sensor (outside air temperature detection means) 50 water temperature sensor (heat medium temperature detection means) 56 indoor condenser (air heating means) 59 pressure sensor (refrigerant pressure detection means)

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shizuo Tsuchiya 1-1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya city, Aichi Prefecture Nihondenso Co., Ltd.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A duct connecting an inside air introduction port or an outside air introduction port with at least one of a plurality of air outlets opening in a vehicle compartment; and introducing air from the inside air introduction port or the outside air introduction port into the duct. A blower that blows air toward the outlet, an inside / outside air switching door that closes the inside air introduction port to open the outside air introduction port when an outside air mode is set, and a defroster mode is set, Of the multiple outlets, the outlet switching door that opens the defroster outlet that blows air toward the window glass of the vehicle, the heat medium circulation circuit through which the heat medium circulates, and the discharge from the refrigerant compressor according to the air conditioning mode A heat pump type refrigeration cycle that switches the circulation direction of the refrigerant, and performs heat exchange between the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor and the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit. A heat exchanger, an air heating unit arranged in the duct and connected to the heat medium circulation circuit, for heating air passing through as a heat source, the heat medium heat-exchanged with the refrigerant in the heat exchanger; The heat medium temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the heating means, the outside air temperature detecting means for detecting the outside air temperature, the air conditioning mode determining means for determining the air conditioning mode, and the heating mode by the air conditioning mode determining means. When determined, the inlet mode control means for setting the outside air mode to control the inside / outside air switching door; and, when the heating mode is determined by the air conditioning mode determination means, detected by the heat medium temperature detection means. Heat medium temperature determining means for comparing the temperature of the heat medium with a predetermined value, and the heat medium temperature determining means determines the heat medium temperature when the heat medium temperature determining means determines that the temperature of the heat medium is lower than the predetermined value. Temperature difference determining means for comparing the temperature difference between the temperature of the heat medium detected by the detecting means and the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature detecting means with a determination value; When the temperature of is determined to be lower than the determination value, the first blower control means for stopping the operation of the blower, and the temperature difference determination means, the temperature of the heat medium is more than the determination value than the outside air temperature. When it is determined that it is larger, the operation of the blower is controlled so that a predetermined air flow rate smaller than the air flow rate set when the temperature of the heat medium is determined by the heat medium temperature determination means to be equal to or higher than the predetermined value is obtained. A second blower control means for controlling the blower outlet mode control means for controlling the blower outlet switching door by setting the defroster mode when at least the second blower control means is executed. Toponpu type air-conditioning apparatus. 2. A duct connecting the inside air introduction port or the outside air introduction port to at least one of a plurality of air outlets opening in the vehicle compartment; and introducing air from the inside air introduction port or the outside air introduction port into the duct. A blower that blows air toward the outlet, an inside / outside air switching door that closes the inside air introduction port to open the outside air introduction port when an outside air mode is set, and a defroster mode is set, Of the multiple outlets, a blower outlet switching door that opens the defroster outlet that blows air toward the vehicle window glass, and a heat pump refrigeration cycle that switches the circulation direction of the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor according to the air conditioning mode. An air heating unit that is disposed in the duct and heats air passing through as a heat source of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor; Refrigerant temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant medium flowing through the stage, outside air temperature detection means for detecting the outside air temperature, air conditioning mode determination means for determining the air conditioning mode, and this air conditioning mode determination means determines the heating mode. At the time of, when the outside air mode is set and the inside / outside air switching door is controlled, the inlet mode control means, and when the air conditioning mode determination means determines the heating mode, the refrigerant temperature detected by the refrigerant temperature detection means And a coolant temperature determination means for comparing the coolant temperature with a predetermined value, and when the coolant temperature determination means determines that the coolant temperature is lower than the predetermined value, the coolant temperature detected by the coolant temperature detection means and the outside air temperature detection means. In the temperature difference determination means for comparing the temperature difference with the outside air temperature detected by the comparison with the determination value, the temperature difference determination means determines that the refrigerant temperature is lower than the outside temperature and is smaller than the determination value. When it is determined that it is determined that the first blower control means for stopping the operation of the blower, and the temperature difference determination means determines that the refrigerant temperature is higher than the outside air temperature by the determination value or more, the refrigerant temperature determination means Second blower control means for controlling the operation of the blower so as to obtain a predetermined air flow rate that is smaller than the air flow rate set when the refrigerant temperature is determined to be equal to or higher than the predetermined value, and at least the second air blower control means. When the above is executed, a heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle, comprising: an outlet mode control means for setting the defroster mode and controlling the outlet switching door. 3. The vehicle heat pump type air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outlet mode control means sets the defroster mode when the first blower control means is executed. A heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle, which controls an outlet switching door. 4. The heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the refrigerant temperature detecting means detects the condensing pressure of the refrigerant condensed by the air heating means, and the refrigerant pressure detecting means. A heat pump type air conditioner for a vehicle, comprising: a refrigerant temperature calculating means for calculating a refrigerant temperature from a refrigerant pressure detected by the means.