JPH0821A - Method for delaying germination of seeds and structure thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Object] The present invention mainly provides a germination delaying treatment method and a delaying structure in which the germination time of plant seeds is delayed for a certain period in cold regions and the seeds do not die in the winter due to freezing or the like. To do. [Composition] A step of putting plant seeds between layers of a film made of biodegradable plastic and sealing the periphery by heat sealing or coating the outer periphery of the plant seeds with a binder or the like, And a step of coating the seed with a biodegradable plastic after the step. A seed germination delay structure characterized in that the outer periphery of a plant seed is coated with biodegradable plastic. The biodegradable plastic uses a linear polyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid or a copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 4-hydroxybutyric acid.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is intended to allow the seeding work to be carried out earlier than the optimal seed sowing period by delaying the germination period of the plant seeds for a certain period, mainly in cold regions.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally known plant seeds are coated on the seed surface with a water-soluble binder or the like for the purpose of promoting germination, controlling insects and adding fertilizers, and sowing the seeds. Further, for the purpose of sowing wheat and rice at the same time, the number average molecular weight of the rice seed surface is 400 ~ 1,000, and
A material coated with polybutadiene having a viscosity at 20 ° C. of 100 to 500 centipoise is invented and known (Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-33523).

[0003]

When seeds are sown in autumn in cold regions, the seeds have to wait for a germination period of several months while maintaining their germination ability. From seeding to emergence, the seeds will be left in the soil with water absorption, especially at 0 ° C.
When it goes down to below, there is a disadvantage that the absorbed water freezes and the seed freezes. Moreover, although the one coated with polybutadiene has excellent storage properties at room temperature,
It is not suitable for storage in sub-zero temperatures. In addition, when it is covered with polybutadiene, there is a disadvantage that sufficient water is not supplied to the seeds at the time of germination. In addition, polybutadiene remains in the ground even after germination, which causes soil pollution. Therefore, in view of the drawbacks of the prior art of the present invention, air, water, etc. are not supplied to the seeds during the storage period until the germination time, and air and water are supplied at the germination time. It is an object to provide a method and a structure for delaying germination of plant seeds in a particular situation.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention has a structure in which the outer periphery of a plant seed is hermetically covered with a biodegradable plastic, and the seed is shielded from outside air and water for a certain period of time. This is a method for delaying germination of seeds, in which seeds of plants are put between layers of the film and the periphery thereof is heat-sealed. Furthermore, it is a germination delay treatment method in which coated seeds are hermetically coated with biodegradable plastic. As biodegradable plastics, polyethylene-based polymers, vinyl-based polymers, polyester-based, polyether-based, polyurethane-based, polyamide-based, and natural polymer-based plastics have been developed. The thickness of the film to be coated is determined based on the relationship with the underground temperature, the delay period, etc., but in order to delay it for 6 months in cold regions, a film with a thickness of about 0.1 mm is used.

In the present invention, since it is used for agricultural land, it is completely biodegradable by microorganisms, has no rejection reaction to living organisms by an ecological system, and is a naturally recyclable raw material, that is, petroleum. It is desirable that the material is one that does not depend on chemistry, and that it satisfies the four elements such that it can be processed by existing processing techniques. For example, a linear polyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid or a copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 4-hydroxybutyric acid is used. This plastic can be changed in melting point, crystallinity, hardness, toughness, etc. by changing the content of the latter acid. In addition, additives can be added, and physical properties can be changed by adding nucleating agents (boron nitride, talc, micro mica, chalk, etc.), plasticizers, fillers, and colorants. Therefore, by utilizing these characteristics, the germination delay time of the present invention is controlled and the workability is improved.

[0006]

The seeds according to the method for treating the structure of the present invention sow the treated seeds when the temperature in the ground becomes low. In general, biodegradable plastics are decomposed by microorganisms in the ground at room temperature for about two weeks to return to carbon dioxide and water, but when the seed is sown in late autumn, the activity of microorganisms slows because it is below 5 ° C. , The resolution is extremely low. Further, since the seeds are hermetically covered with the film layer made of biodegradable plastic, the supply of air and water to the seeds is cut off for a certain period from the time of sowing in the soil. Furthermore, in the case of autumn sowing, the temperature does not germinate because it is lower than the germination condition temperature. Then, in the spring when the resolution of microorganisms in the ground rises after a lapse of a predetermined time, the plastic is decomposed by the microorganisms in the ground or is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to start decomposition, and the hermetically sealed state of the seeds is broken. Then, water and air will be supplied to the seeds from the ground, and if the temperature conditions for germination are also met, the seeds will germinate. On the other hand, the plastic continues to decompose, eventually leaving no shadow or shape.

[0007]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. Spring wheat seeds 2 are placed between layers of a film 1 (0.1 mm thick) made of biodegradable plastic made of a linear polyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, and a heat seal 3 is further applied to the outer periphery thereof. By doing so, a sealed single coating was prepared (Example 1). A double-coated film was prepared using the same film (Example 2). These biodegradable plastic film-coated seeds (Examples 1 and 2) and untreated spring wheat seeds were applied to a sandy loam field in the suburbs of Sapporo city for 100 wards each.
The seeds were sown on November 28th (underground temperature of about 1 ° C.), and then soil with a thickness about 3 times the seed diameter was covered. The germination rate of each offspring after one week passed from the completion date of snow melting (April 3 (ground temperature of about 5 ° C.)) was as shown in Table 1.

[0008]

[Table 1]

Furthermore, the coated seed of Example 1 (spring wheat)
Table 2 shows a comparative study of the yield between the case of sowing in the northern part of Sorachi region of Hokkaido (snow area) in the autumn and the case of sowing uncoated seeds in the spring (conventional practice).

[0010]

[Table 2]

As described above, it was revealed that the seeds of Example 1 sown in early winter had a higher yield and an earlier harvest time than the conventional spring sown seeds. It was also found that the double-coated one as in Example 2 delayed germination as compared with the single-coated one. Therefore, if the thickness of the plastic coating is changed according to the ground temperature of the place to be sown in early winter, it is possible to germinate wheat according to the thaw. In this example, as a coating method of biodegradable plastic,
Although seeds were placed between the film layers and the periphery of the seeds was sealed by heat sealing or the like, the present invention is not limited to this, and the molten plastic may be directly attached to the seeds. good. However, it is necessary to prevent the seed itself from dying due to the melting temperature (100 ° C. or higher). Therefore, it is advisable to protect the seed by coating the outer periphery of the seed coated with a binder or the like as in the prior art with molten biodegradable plastic. Although spring wheat was used as the seed used in this example, the seed is not limited to this and any plant seed may be used.

[0012]

[Effect] As described above, in the seed treatment method and structure according to the present invention, since the supply of water and air to the seed is shut off by the plastic film, the fall in the ground temperature in autumn During the period from sowing to the spring when the underground temperature rises, germination is prevented and the seeds are not supplied with water or the like, so that even if the soil freezes, it will not die due to frost damage. Then, in the spring, which is suitable for seed growth, the underground temperature rises and the activity of microorganisms is activated, so the biodegradable plastic is decomposed and the seeds are supplied with water and air, so that germination is promoted. become. Furthermore, since it is possible to cultivate the field and sow seeds in the fall, it is not necessary to wait for the snowmelt in the spring to cultivate the field, so it is possible to reduce the work and extend the growth period in the spring. It can be expected to rationalize agricultural production and increase profits.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a coating process according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which seeds are doubly covered.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 biodegradable plastic film 2 seeds 3 heat seal

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shunichi Takai 5-3-3 Kitano, Kitano, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for delaying germination of seeds, which comprises placing seeds of a plant between layers of a film made of biodegradable plastic and sealing the periphery by heat sealing. 2. A method for delaying germination of seed, which comprises a step of coating the periphery of the plant seed with a binder or the like, and a step of coating the seed with a biodegradable plastic after the step. 3. A seed germination delay structure, characterized in that the outer periphery of the plant seed is coated with biodegradable plastic. 4. The germination of seed according to claim 3, wherein the biodegradable plastic is a linear polyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid or a copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 4-hydroxybutyric acid. Delay structure.