JPH0823769A - Plant growing method using plant growing floor - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To provide a method for growing plants free of disease by using a medium that can be replaced according to the change of the growing crop and is shielded from the surroundings. [Structure] The bag is made of a thermoplastic resin non-woven fabric on the top and side faces, and the non-woven fabric is made of non-woven fabric (a) that is permeable to water vapor but impermeable to liquid and is 1/3 of the area of the bottom of the bag.
In the bag formed of the water-permeable sheet (b), a plant growing floor filled with a medium material for growing plants is placed in a dish-shaped container for receiving water, and a nonwoven fabric on the upper surface of the plant growing floor is placed. A method for growing a plant, which comprises cutting a part of the plant and planting a plant seedling in the opening formed by the cutting.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to flowers such as carnations, lisianthus, stocks, goldfish and the like, as well as green beans, pods, honey leaves, Chinese cabbage, tomatoes,
The present invention relates to a method for growing plants using a plant cultivation floor useful for growing agricultural products such as cucumbers.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For cultivating a plant, a ridge is formed in a house or a tunnel and sown on the ridge.
Method of germination, growing, making ridges in the field, sowing, covering the surface of this ridge with a wide mulching film material, and when germinating, cut the mulching material part of the seedling into a circle or a cross, and from here How to grow sprouted seedlings (actual fair 6-94
No. 1), a planter is filled with a culture soil, and the plant is seeded and germinated, or a plant seedling is planted and grown.

However, in multi-cultivation of greenhouses and tunnel houses, it is necessary to utilize facilities more highly, for example, to change the type of crops to be grown depending on the time. PH, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. are required to be adjusted according to the crop, and depending on the type of crop, it is necessary to change the conditions of the soil immediately before. Therefore, it is necessary to set a fallow period or re-plow ridges. ,There is a need to.

The method using the planter container is convenient to carry, but since the commercially available plastic white planter has a high transmittance of visible light, the growth of roots is inhibited, and the spinach, spinach, Pansies can grow only small dwarf crops, resulting in a small yield. Also, in order to prevent crop diseases, fumigation of soil is required, but in conventional open fields and greenhouses, it is necessary to treat the soil of the entire slaughterhouse, which is troublesome and increases the amount of chemicals used. There was a problem.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is capable of changing the medium according to the change of the crop to be grown,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for growing a plant that facilitates fumigation of the culture soil and is less susceptible to external pathogens.

[0006]

The first object of the present invention is to provide a bag having an upper surface and a side surface having a basis weight of 20 to 100 in order to facilitate movement.
g / m ² , visible light reflectance of 60% or more, breathability of 1
A thermoplastic resin non-woven fabric of 0 to 200 seconds / 100 cc, which is made of a non-woven fabric (a) that is permeable to water vapor but impermeable to liquid, and has a bottom area ⅓ or more of which is a water-permeable sheet ( In the bag formed in b), a plant-growing floor filled with a medium material for growing plants is placed in a dish-shaped container that receives water, and openings are formed at predetermined intervals on the upper surface of the plant-growing floor. The present invention provides a method for growing a plant, characterized by forming a plant and planting a plant seedling in the opening.

Further, in order to suppress the amount of visible light that hits the roots of crops, promote root development and improve crop yields, the second aspect of the present invention is the above-mentioned non-woven fabric (a) for plant growing floors. , The back side is black, the front side is white or silver color, and the bag-like object is formed so that the black side of the non-woven fabric is on the inner side thereof, and the transmittance of visible light is 30% or less. Moreover, by using a sheet through which plant roots cannot pass as a water-permeable sheet (b) that conducts water to the medium from the bottom surface of the plant growing floor, it is easy to clean up the growing floor after the plant has finished growing. The present invention provides a method for growing a plant.

[0008]

[Function] Since the growth bed is filled with the medium material, the medium is shielded from the surroundings, there is no risk of infection by pathogenic bacteria, and the fertilizer is not washed away, so the dose can be reduced and it is easy to carry. It is easy and can be replaced with an appropriate medium each time the crop is switched.

(Detailed Description of the Invention) Nonwoven fabric (a), which is one of the materials constituting the bag-like material filled with the medium material, has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² and a visible light reflectance. Is 60% or more, and breathability is 10 to 200 seconds /
A 100 cc non-woven fabric made of a thermoplastic resin, which is a non-woven fabric that allows water vapor to pass through but does not permeate liquids such as water and liquid fertilizer.

Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride and copolymers thereof. These resins can be used alone or as a mixture. High-density polyethylene is desirable in terms of price and white performance.

The basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² means that
This is because if it is less than 20 g / m ² , the strength of the bag-like material is insufficient and the reflectance is lowered, and if it exceeds 100 g / m ² , breathability cannot be imparted and the cost becomes high. A preferable basis weight is 30 to 60 g / m ² . The reflectance of visible light (wavelength 400 to 800 nm) is set to 60% or more because if it is less than 60%, it becomes difficult to keep the ground temperature below that of the open field. The preferred reflectance is 75-100%
Is.

The air permeability (permeability according to the Gurley method of JIS P8117) is set to 10 to 200 seconds / 100 cc because the nonwoven fabric itself is insufficient in strength below 10 seconds / 100 cc and high reflectance is maintained. Becomes difficult,
At the same time, liquids such as liquid fertilizer, water, and pesticides easily flow out from the inside of the bag, and when it exceeds 200 seconds / 100 cc,
Poor heat dissipation effect due to water evaporation. Preferred breathability is 20
-100 seconds / 100 cc, more preferably 25-75 seconds / 100 cc.

The fiber thickness of the non-woven fabric (a) is not particularly limited, but in order to improve the reflectance, it is better to be as thin as possible, generally about 0.1 to 10 μm, preferably 5 μm or less. is there. The thickness of the non-woven fabric is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of workability and the like, about 0.1 to 0.5 mm is suitable. The back surface of the nonwoven fabric (a) is black,
The surface is white or silver and has a visible light transmittance of 3
It is 0% or less, and the bag-shaped product is formed such that the black surface of the non-woven fabric is on the inner surface side thereof.

By making the surface white or silver, the reflectance of visible light is improved, the amount of light that hits the leaves and stems of the growing crop is increased, the growth of the crop is promoted, and the yield is improved. To do. By making the inner surface black, light is absorbed into this black layer as much as possible, the amount of visible light reaching the medium is reduced, and moss and algae are not generated between the medium material and the inner surface of the nonwoven fabric, Promotes root development.

The non-woven fabric (a) whose front surface is a white or silver reflective layer and whose back surface is a black light absorbing layer is
For example, it is manufactured by the following methods (a) to (e). (A) The back surface of a white non-woven fabric produced by flash spinning high-density polyethylene is solid-printed using black ink such as black (black) gravure printing ink, offset printing ink, screen printing ink. (B) White pigments such as titanium oxide and barium sulfate, a non-woven fabric produced by flash spinning of a thermoplastic resin containing 3 to 15% by weight of aluminum powder, and a thermoplastic containing 0.5 to 5% by weight of carbon black. A resin and a non-woven fabric manufactured by a flash spinning method are bonded together using an adhesive.

(C) The back surface of the white or silver non-woven fabric is solidly black-printed with a black (ink) gravure printing ink, an offset printing ink, a screen printing ink or the like. (D) After applying the anchor coating agent on the surface of the black non-woven fabric, aluminum is vapor-deposited. (E) Apply white paint or aluminum paint on the surface of the black non-woven fabric and dry it. This non-woven fabric (a) forms the upper surface, the entire side surface and a part of the bottom surface of the bag.

Water- permeable sheet Since the non-woven fabric (a) has no water-permeable property, water is supplied to the medium through the water-permeable sheet (b) forming the bottom of the bag. Examples of the water-permeable sheet (b) include water-permeable woven cloth, non-woven cloth, felt, and resin film, which are 1 to 5
It may be perforated with a hole having a diameter of mm.

Among these, the basis weight is 40 to 80 g /
m ² , the warp fineness of 50 to 100 denier, the weft fineness of 50 to 100 denier, the number of warp threads per 2.54 cm (1 inch) is 30 to 100, and the number of weft threads is 30.
~ 100 plain woven fabrics, which are plain woven fabrics through which plant roots cannot pass, such as Toyobo Co., Ltd.
Root-proof water-permeable sheet "BKS0812", "BKS98"
12 "or" BKB0812 "(trade name), or a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 45 to 100 g / m ² obtained by the spunbond method, for example," Mariace A05 "manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation.
040, A05050 "(trade name) and the like are preferable, and use of these facilitates post-cleaning of the growing bed after plant growth is completed. If a water-permeable sheet that allows the roots to pass through is used, there is a concern that the roots penetrating this sheet may extend and pathogenic bacteria from the earth may infect plants through the roots.

The bags bags of non-woven fabric and water permeable sheet bonded overlapping the ends by ultrasonic or adhesive is processed into square, cylindrical bag. The size of the bag depends on the application, but for tunnel cultivation and greenhouse cultivation, the length is 30 so that it is easy to carry.
The size is ˜55 cm, width 60 to 75 cm, and height 10 to 25 cm. For household use, in addition to the above dimensions, for use in which the growing bed of the present invention is inserted into a planter or a water tray, a rectangular or tubular object according to the dimensions of the planter or the water tray accommodation portion is used. Dimensions. For example, 8 to 20c vertically
m, width 30-100 cm, height 5-15 cm square shape,
It has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 10 to 30 cm and a length of 30 to 100 cm.

Medium material Medium materials include leaf soil, rock wool, peat moss,
Rice cake charcoal, water moss, sawdust, urethane foam,
Akadama soil, Kanuma soil, etc. are mentioned, and these may be mixed and used. A fertilizer, an insecticide, and a heat retaining agent may be added to the medium material.

Dish-shaped container The dish-shaped container used in the present invention is a container for receiving water when irrigated and fertilized and gradually supplying it to the medium. The dish-shaped container means a container having a large opening at the top. , Its depth does not matter. The dish-shaped container is made of polyethylene, polypropylene,
It can be molded with a hard thermoplastic resin such as ABS resin or vinyl chloride resin or a reinforced polyester resin.

A plant growing floor (3) is formed by filling the plant growing floor bag (1) with the medium material (2) and sealing the opening of the bag (FIG. 1) (FIG. 2). . By providing pores (6) having an area of 0.2 to ²⁰ mm ² at a density of 0.1 to 20 pieces / cm ² on the upper surface of the nonwoven fabric of the bag of the plant growing bed (3), if necessary. It is possible to stabilize the moisture evaporation effect.
(FIG. 1) The shape of the pores provided in the upper part of the bag is circular,
Any one such as an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, and a hexagon can be selected.

Method for growing plants FIG. 3 shows a state in which the plant growing beds shown in FIG. 1 are arranged in a row in a house. The seedlings (7) grown in the seedling raising pot are used as a non-woven fabric on the upper surface of the raising bed (3) in a round hole having a diameter of 3 to 5 cm or 5c.
An m-square opening (8) is provided and the seedlings are transplanted to a growing bed.
This is placed in a container (5) containing water (4). At this time, for the purpose of slowing the evaporation of water (4) in the container, a felt (11) made of water-absorbent pulp, for example, 70% rayon.
A water-absorbent felt of 30% polyester may be laid between the growing bed (3) and the container (5).

The irrigation or liquid fertilizer application is carried out by spraying from above the growing bed (3) or by pouring it into the container (5). The sprayed water or the water poured into the container (5) is received by the container (5), and the water-permeable sheet (1
Absorbed from b) into the medium.

[0025]

【Example】

(Example 1) A high-density polyethylene was produced by flash spinning. A white non-woven fabric having a reflectance of about 90%, a basis weight of about 51 g / m ² , and a thickness of about 0.15 mm was produced by flash spinning. The back side of the white non-woven fabric is black solid gravure printed with black ink, the basis weight is about 52 g / m ² , the light reflectance on the outer side is about 90%, and the breathability is about 30 seconds / 100.
A white / black non-woven fabric having a cc and visible light transmittance of about 3% was obtained.

This water-impermeable white / black non-woven fabric (a),
A plain woven fabric that does not allow the roots to pass through [Toyo Boseki Co., Ltd.'s root-proof sheet "BKS9812" (trade name)] is connected by sewing, and this is further sewn into a bag shape (black inside), and further inside the bag. Fill the medium material and sew the bag mouth to create a vertical 87c as shown in FIG.
m, width 25 cm, height 8 cm, edges of the upper surface, side surfaces, and lower surface were white / black non-woven fabrics, and about 2/3 of the area of the lower surface was plain weave fabric to form a plant growing floor.

On the upper surface of this plant-growing bed, 6 x 6 cm lengths were provided in 2 rows at 30 intervals, a total of 6, to provide holes for seedling transplantation. A water-absorbing pulp felt was laid in a container having a depth of 3 cm arranged in a research house in Mikado Kako Co., Ltd., Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture, and water was poured into the container at a depth of 1.5 cm. Six of these were prepared.

On the absorbent pulp felt in this container,
Place 6 of the above-mentioned plant-raising beds, and plant seedlings of rapeseed greens to a height of 3 to 5 cm in the seedling pot from the hole marked with X together with the medium (5 cm in length, 5 cm in width, 5 cm in height) (Heisei 6
On March 6th, the total number of seedlings was 36), and April 14th, 1994
Harvested on the day. Average yield per share is 135
g / strain, and no strain with pest damage was found. The maximum yield per strain was 156 g / strain. The root of Chinese cabbage was never released from the bag.

(Comparative Example 1) In the house of Example 1, ridges after cultivating green beans were cultivated to provide new ridges, and seedlings of Chinese cabbage were planted at the same time as in Example 1 between the plants. (Seedlings raised at the same time as in Example 1), and irrigation and management were performed at appropriate times. Disease occurred and 8.3% of the strains died. April 14
The harvest started on the day. Average yield per share is 10
It was 6.8 g / strain, and the maximum yield per strain was 124 g / strain.

Example 2 Instead of Chinese cabbage seedlings,
Plant the sunny lettuce seedlings raised in the nursery pot,
A non-woven fabric "Mariace A05050" (trade name; basis weight 50 g / m ² ) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used as the root-proofing sheet, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except for using the non-woven fabric.
Harvested on the 22nd of the month. The average yield per share is
It was 181 g / strain, and the maximum yield per strain was 201 g / strain.

(Comparative Example 2) Instead of Chinese cabbage seedlings,
Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the sunny lettuce seedlings grown in the nursery pot were planted, and harvested on April 22, 1994. Average yield per share is 164.2
g / strain, and the maximum yield per strain is 18
It was 3 g / strain.

[0032]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The plant growing bed of the present invention is easy to carry, and when a plant is grown using this, the occurrence of pests and diseases is extremely small.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway schematic view of a growing bed.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a plant growing floor.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a state in which growing beds are arranged in a line in a house.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Bag 2: Medium material 3: Plant growing floor 4: Water 5: Dish-shaped container 6: Fine hole 7: Seedling 8: Opening 11: Water absorbing felt

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A bag has a top surface and a side surface through which water vapor permeates but does not permeate water but has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² , a visible light reflectance of 60% or more, and a breathability of 10 to 200 seconds / 100 cc. It is made of resin non-woven fabric (a) and has a bottom area of 1
In a bag formed with a permeable sheet (b) of / 3 or more, a plant growing bed obtained by filling a medium material for growing plants is placed in a dish-shaped container that receives water, A method for growing a plant, characterized in that openings are formed at predetermined intervals on the upper surface of the plant growth floor, and plant seedlings are planted in the openings. 2. The non-woven fabric (a) has a black back surface and a white or silver front surface, and the bag-shaped material is formed such that the black surface of the non-woven fabric is placed on the inner surface side of the non-woven fabric. 2. The method for growing a plant according to claim 1, wherein the water-permeable sheet (b) does not allow the roots of the plant to pass through.