JPH0826329B2 - Coal making equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a peat charcoal production apparatus for producing peat charcoal by burning lawn mowing debris.

“Prior art” A large amount of rice husks, sawdust, twigs (with green leaves), wood residues, etc. are generated, but only a small portion of them is discarded or incinerated. On the other hand, recently, a large amount of lawn mowing debris has been generated with the increase in golf courses. When all of them are discarded, an unpleasant odor is generated with the passage of time, which causes the generation of harmful insects. And recently, lawn mowing debris at golf courses and the like is often not thrown away or buried due to an agreement with the locals. As a solution, an incinerator has been installed. It is very difficult to burn the lawn mowing debris that has been squeezed in the incinerator, and it may be dried after the lawn mowing as a pretreatment for incineration, but the drying work requires a wide area and labor according to the sun, and labor costs are high. The reality is that it is too expensive and practically impossible.

There are many problems in burning lawn cuttings, and it is a difficult problem to provide an incinerator at an appropriate price.
On the other hand, lawn mowing debris is not used as a raw material, but sawdust, chaff, etc. are used as a raw material to produce peat charcoal.If the above lawn mowing dust can be used for peat charcoal production, fertilizers and snow melting materials can be used. Can be used as, and is effective from the viewpoint of resource utilization, and the processing cost of lawn mowing debris is low as a whole.

As a conventional example of the coal-coal manufacturing apparatus, that shown in "Kun-coal kiln automatic fire extinguishing apparatus" of Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Sho 62-170745 and "Biogas and Smoke manufacturing method" of JP-A No. 61-209293. There is. In the former case, the raw material is put into the Kun charcoal kiln body, which is a container, ignited from above, and the main body is covered with a canopy. Exhaust smoke from the chimney on the lid. The latter is equipped with a compression device that also serves as a feed device for the raw material, an indirect heating furnace, and a biogas collecting and processing device, and the raw material is supplied to the compression device and sent to the pyrolysis tube of the indirect heating furnace after compression. Then, the charcoal is discharged from the outlet end of the pyrolysis tube having a reduced diameter.

"Kun charcoal kiln automatic fire extinguisher" in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-170745
In the Kun coal kiln disclosed in (1), since it is self-combusted without using fuel, only a considerably dry raw material is used. (2) It becomes batch production and continuous automatic production is not possible. (3) Exhaust gas generated when the raw material is smoldered is discharged into the air as it is, but there is a defect that the exhaust gas has an extremely strong odor regardless of which raw material is used. Although the odor of the exhaust gas can be deodorized by a deodorizing device, the exhaust gas containing tar contains a tar component, so that the tar component must be sufficiently removed to be sent to the deodorizing device, which requires a considerable device. Also, the activated carbon used in the deodorizer has a very short life at high temperatures, so it is necessary to sufficiently cool the exhaust gas sent to the deodorizer, the cooling device has a large capacity, and the entire device is large-scale and expensive. Will end up.

In the "Biogas and Smoke Production Method" of JP-A-61-209293, the supplied raw material is compressed and the volume is reduced. The lawn mowing debris has a particularly large volume reduction, and there is a problem of how to feed the raw material into the compression device. At the same time, the compression device also serves as a material feeding device. Then, the raw material is carbonized and further reduced in volume as it goes through the pyrolysis tube. Therefore, since the raw material advancing through the pyrolysis tube was kept in a consolidated state at an appropriate pressure, the outlet end was narrowed so as to maintain a spring action. The compression load adjustment for feeding and consolidating the raw material is performed by controlling the compression load adjustment gate by the compression load control circuit. Even if such control is added, the heating source and the feed rate of the raw material are also related, and the overall control device becomes complicated.
And due to the structure of the exit end of the pyrolysis tube, due to variations in the quality of the charcoal, it does not operate properly, which causes the charcoal to become powdery or hinders discharge, and compression was insufficient. In this case, the material may not be sealed and a large amount of air may conversely enter from the outlet end and burn. Further, in this conventional example, the device for extracting the exhaust gas is not allowed to be complicated, the control of the suction fan is necessary, and there is a possibility that the coal will not be turned into charcoal unless proper gas suction is performed. As a result of the above, the second conventional example becomes expensive.

Therefore, the present inventor has previously proposed the invention of Japanese Patent Application No. 1-85362. According to the device proposed earlier, the first,
It was decided to solve the problem of the second conventional example and provide a simple peat coal manufacturing apparatus capable of continuously producing peat coal.

The invention of Japanese Patent Application No. 1-95362 previously proposed by the present inventor heats the raw material of the coal-coal in the trough by the combustion device. However, if the temperature is set to the firing temperature, the combustion device becomes large and should be made small. The heating of the charcoal becomes uneven and it is difficult to make a compact device. In addition, it is equipped with a water jacket to reduce the temperature of discharged coal and extinguish the fire, but a large amount of water must be supplied and discarded. Therefore, if a water jacket is installed in the water storage system, the water jacket becomes too large and the coal output passage must be long. In order to prevent the water temperature in the water jacket from rising and to limit the amount of water used, a radiator may be installed in the middle of the cooling water pipe circulated by a pump to cool the fan, but this makes the device complicated and expensive. Of course, the product charcoal discharged from the coal outlet must not ignite and must be cooled down sufficiently.

Therefore, the present inventor has proposed a device relating to Japanese Utility Model Application No. 2-3788 and solved the problem of the previously proposed coal output device of the coal coal manufacturing device. That is, the problem was solved by improving the trough, arranging the heating device as an electric heating device on the lower surface of the trough to improve the thermal efficiency, and supplying an incombustible gas to the container-shaped peat charcoal container for receiving the peat charcoal discharged.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Each of the above-mentioned coal-coal manufacturing apparatuses previously proposed by the present inventor is rotated by horizontal axes parallel to both ends of a trough horizontally arranged in a cross section. A sprocket wheel is freely supported, and a horizontal shaft that supports a pair of sprocket wheels at either one or both ends is connected to a rotating prime mover, and an endless chain with an adapter is hung between the sprocket wheels at both ends on the same side. Installed in parallel, both ends of the scraper in the crossing direction in the traveling direction of each chain were attached to each chain, and the raw material inlet was provided on one of the troughs and the charcoal outlet was provided on the other,
A heating device is arranged below the trough. When this is operated, the scraper moves on the trough bottom plate, which causes the lawn cuttings to move. This lawn mowing debris is heated from the heating device through the trough bottom plate and carbonized. It has been found that the thermal efficiency decreases after about 6 months of use.

The cause is that the trough bottom plate becomes wavy due to heating.
Since the scraper is linear and intersects in the traveling direction, it tends to follow the trough bottom plate to some extent even when it is wavy. However, there may be a part where the scraper and the trough bottom plate do not contact. Then, the trough bottom plate and the scraper do not come into contact with each other in the shallow recess formed in the trough bottom plate, but the coal coal powder accumulates in the recess, and the scraper moves on the coal coal powder so that the scraper becomes flat. Since the charcoal adhered to the trough bottom plate does not move, when it is repeatedly heated by the heating device, it changes to carbide having extremely high hardness and adheres to the trough bottom plate. This carbide should burn if the temperature rises, but since the charcoal is burnt, the temperature inside the trough cannot rise to the temperature at which the char is burned.

The coal layer adhered to the trough bottom plate reduces the thermal efficiency of heating the inside of the trough from the heating device. Therefore, the trough is made cylindrical so that the heat transfer surface of the trough does not undulate due to heating, the screw is housed in the trough, and the processed material is fed by the screw, and the trough is heated by the heating device. It was confirmed that there was a phenomenon in which a solidified layer 48 of coal char was formed in the clearance between the screw blade 47 and the inner wall of the trough 1 as shown in Fig. 4, and the thermal efficiency was lowered. This clearance cannot be reduced from the viewpoint of manufacturing and thermal deformation of the trough 1.

According to the present invention, a screw blade is provided so as to move into the trough, and when the trough is heated from the outside, a wavy portion is generated in the trough and the treated material is fixed to the trough. It is an object of the present invention to provide a coal-coal manufacturing apparatus that is prevented by improvement and does not adhere to the heat transfer surface.

"Means for Solving the Problem" The present invention is provided with a screw that is driven to rotate in a trough that is circular in cross section and that is arranged in the lateral direction, and has a raw material inlet on one side and a charcoal outlet on the other side. In the charcoal manufacturing apparatus, a heating device is provided below the trough, and the screw is provided with a large number of chain supporting members that reach the spiral line in a radial manner on the rotating shaft such that the chain supporting portion is on the spiral line centering on the rotating shaft. The coal charcoal manufacturing apparatus is characterized in that a chain, which is loosely arranged substantially along the spiral line, is attached to a chain support portion of the support member.

[Examples] Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First
The figure is a vertical sectional view showing the whole. A trough 1 having a circular cross section and arranged in the lateral direction has a screw 2 which is rotationally driven inside.
It has. End plates 3 are fixed to both ends of the trough 1. Bearings 4 and 5 are fitted to the end plate 3. The bearing 4 is attached to the end plate 3 so as not to move axially, and the bearing 5 is attached to the end plate 3 movably in the axial direction. A screw shaft 6, which is a rotating shaft, is fixed to the bearings 4 and 5. A large number of chain support members 7 reaching the spiral line are fixed to the screw shaft 6 so that the chain support portion 7a is located on the spiral line centering on the screw shaft 6. A chain 8 arranged substantially along the spiral line is attached to the chain support portion 7a of the chain support member 7. The chain 8 is stretched loosely, and it is desirable that the chain 8 be stretched loosely to the outside of the spiral line. That is,
When the chain 8 comes to the lowest position in the circumferential direction of the trough 1, it is desirable that the chain 8 is in contact with the inner wall of the trough 1 and has a long length in contact with the inner wall of the trough 1.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the AA cross section and the A′-A ′ cross section of FIG. 1 on the same plane. The chain support member 7 is a rectangular steel member arranged in the radial direction. Branch numbers 1 to 4 are given depending on the position of the support member. Each chain support member 7-1 and 7-2, 7-2 and 7-3, 7-3 and 7
-4, 7-4, and 7-1 are divided into four in the circumferential direction, are sequentially arranged in the direction of the quarter pitch axis, and are similarly arranged at each pitch. However, although the pitch is the same in this embodiment, the pitch may be changed in accordance with changes in the volume of the processed material and other changes. The chain support portion 7a and the chain 8 are attached by the chain 8 as shown in FIG.
Is a chain, in which the chain support portion 7a of the chain support member 7 is fitted into one piece 8a and welded 9 to these.

As shown in FIG. 1, the chain 12 hung on the sprocket wheel 11 fixed to the screw shaft 6 is a variable speed electric motor.
It is hung on a sprocket wheel 14 fixed to the shaft end of 13.

A raw material supply port 15 is provided at one upper part of the trough 1 in the longitudinal direction, and a coal coal outlet 16 is provided at the other lower part.
A raw material supply device 17 is attached to the raw material supply port 15. The raw material supply device 17 is a conveyor case with a rectangular cross section that rises from the hopper 18 provided on the ground toward the raw material supply port 15 of the trough.
The hopper 18 and the raw material supply port 15 communicate with each other at 19.
Parallel shafts 21a, 21b, 21c rotatably supported from the bottom of the hopper 18 to the conveyor case 19 are provided.
At both ends of b and 21c, sprocket wheels 22a, 22b and 22c, respectively.
Has been fixed. A pair of left and right endless chains 23 are hung between the sprocket wheels 22a and 22c using the sprocket wheel 22b as an intermediate vehicle, and scrapers 24 (only a part of which are shown) are attached to the chain 23 at equal intervals. axis
A drive motor (not shown) is connected to 21c.

The edge of the outlet opening of the coal coal outlet 16 has a shape in which the lower edge is receded from the vertical surface, and a lid 26 that rotates around a pin shaft 25 provided on the outlet 16 is provided. Horizontal bar secured to lid 26
A weight 28 is fixed to 27 so that its position can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction of the bar 27.

The middle part of the trough 1 is in the furnace body 29, and the furnace body 29 is made up of front and rear furnace walls 31, side walls 32 and ceiling walls 33. The ceiling wall 33 is semicircular, and the side walls 32 and the ceiling wall 33 are Both sides are sandwiched by iron plates with a heat insulating material 34 in between. Trough 1 in road body 29
Four gas burners 36 are arranged in parallel below. A chimney 37 is attached to the furnace body 29 through the ceiling wall 33.

A blower 39 driven by a variable speed electric motor 38 is provided, and a smoldering gas outlet pipe 41 that communicates the inside of the trough 1 with the suction port of the blower 39, and a stake that communicates between the discharge port of the blower 39 and the smoldering gas combustion burner 42. A burning gas supply pipe 43 is provided. A part of the smoldering gas feed pipe 43 is a vertical pipe portion 43a, and the vertical pipe portion 43a extends downward from the branch portion 43b and opens into a removable tar receiving tank 40.

The smoldering gas combustion burner 42 is located next to the gas burner 36,
The heat of the gas burner 36 burns the gas released from the smoldering gas combustion burner 42. The variable speed of the blower 39 allows the trough 1 to pass through the smoldering gas outlet pipe 41.
The ratio of the smoldering gas derived from the inside to the total amount of the smoldering gas generated in the trough 1 is variable.

The operation of the present invention in the above configuration is as follows. The case where the raw material is lawn mowing is described as an example. When the device starts to operate, the shaft 21c of the raw material supply device 17 rotates counterclockwise, the chain 23 moves in the direction of arrow A in the figure, and the sprocket wheel 14 rotates when the screw drive motor 13 rotates. Sprocket wheel 11 through chain 12
And the screw shaft 6 rotates, the screw 2 is supported by the bearings 4 and 5 and rotates. The rotation direction is the direction in which the treated material advances from the raw material supply port 15 side to the coal coal outlet 16 side. Also, the variable speed motor 38 for the blower is energized to
Rotate 39. Then, the gas burner 36 is ignited by an ignition device (not shown).

The lawn mowing debris fed from the hopper 18 at the raw material feeding port has a short grass lawn like a loose piece, so when it is fed, it reaches from the hopper 18 to the bottom of the front of the conveyor case 19. When the lawn mowing debris is put into the hopper 18 to a predetermined depth, the lawn mowing debris closes the inlet of the conveyor case 19, and the conveyor case 19 is sealed on the inlet side, so that material sealing is performed. Along with the movement of the lower part of the chain 23 in the Y direction, the scraper 24 moves to send the lawn mowing debris in the Y direction. As a result, the lawn mowing debris on the inlet side of the conveyor case 19 is sent to the raw material supply port 15, and the trough 1 is fed from the raw material supply port 15.
Get in. Between the chain support parts 7a of the chain support members 7 which are adjacent to each other, the chain 8 is attached not to be stretched but to be loosened, so that in the state of FIG. Lateral supports 7a-1, 7a
Between -4, it leans toward the inner wall of the trough 1. Then, between the chain support portions 7a-1 and 7a-4 in the lateral direction and the chain support portion 7a-3 in the upper direction, it leans away from the inner wall of the trough 1. When the screw 2 is rotated 45 degrees counterclockwise from the state shown in FIG. 2, the state shown in FIG. 4 is reached, and the chain support portions 7a-1 and 7a-4 of the adjacent chain support members 7 in the downward diagonal direction are adjacent to each other. When the chain 8 leans, it contacts the lower quadrant of the trough 1 with respect to the circumferential direction of the trough 1, and the longitudinal direction of the trough 1 substantially follows the spiral line centered on the screw shaft 6 when viewed in plan. The diagonal direction. Then, the chain support parts 7a-1, 7a-4 of the chain support member 7 in the downward oblique direction and the chain support parts 7a-2, 7a-3 of the chain support member 7 in the upward oblique direction come to the upper and lower positions, respectively. The chains 8 between are the upper chain supports 7a-
Lower chain support parts 7a-1, 7a-4 depending from 2, 7a-3
Sagging around. Between the upper chain support portions 7a-2 and 7a-3, it leans away from the inner wall of the trough 1. The chain 8 between the adjacent chain support portions 7a changes its posture as the screw 2 rotates and takes the above posture. Since the chain 8 substantially follows the spiral line centered on the screw shaft 6, the advance of the chain 8 is given by the rotation of the screw 2.
Therefore, the grass clippings that come in from the raw material supply port 15 are chains 8.
Sent by. Then, the lawn mowing debris heated through the trough 1 by the heating of the gas burner 36 is smoldered and carbonized while the trough 1 is directed to the charcoal outlet 16. The carbonized lawn mowing debris moves at the bottom of the trough 1, but at the bottom of the trough 1, the chain 8 sequentially moves in contact with the inner wall of the trough 1. And even if the trough 1 is deformed by heating, the chain 8
Since it is loosely stretched, the point of movement in contact with the lower inner wall of the trough 1 remains unchanged. Therefore, the carbonized lawn mowing debris is sent without sticking to the inner wall of the lower portion of the trough 1.

The blower 39 partially sucks the gas generated by heating the lawn mowing debris. The gases generated by heating the lawn mowing debris are roughly classified into water vapor released by drying the moisture contained in the lawn mowing debris and unburned combustible gas generated by incomplete combustion of the lawn mowing debris. is there. The gas in the trough 1 is sucked into the blower 39 through the smoldering gas outlet pipe 41 and discharged, and the gas is a smoldering gas feed pipe 43.
Sent to the smoldering gas combustion burner 42 by the
The gas blown out from the above burns under the heated gas of the gas burner 36,
The trough 1 is heated, and the unburned gas is completely burned by itself, and the exhaust gas of the burners 36 and 42 is discharged from the chimney 37. The gas passing through the smoldering gas supply pipe 43 is separated into tar in the vertical pipe portion 43a, and the tar is stored in the tar receiving tank 40.

The peat charcoal that has reached the peat charcoal outlet 16 is filled in the peat charcoal outlet 16, and its weight is added to the outlet lid 26.

When the amount of coal in the coal outlet 16 increases, the weight of the coal pushes the outlet lid 26, and the outlet lid 26 is opened around the pin shaft 25 against the rotational force of the weight 28 to produce coal. The discharged charcoal enters a carrier (not shown).

Here, the rotation speed of the variable speed variator 38 that drives the blower 39 is adjusted as follows. When the blower 39 is capable of sucking all the gas generated from the lawn mowing debris in the trough 1 and operating at full capacity, the charcoal has a high temperature and is ignited when it is discharged to the outside. Therefore, conventionally, the temperature of the coal charcoal outlet was surrounded by a water cooling jacket to lower the temperature in advance, or the charcoal charcoal was discharged into a carbon dioxide gas atmosphere and waited until the charcoal temperature fell below the ignition temperature. Conventionally, the blower 39 is operated by a constant-speed electric motor, and its ability is to suck all the gas generated from the lawn mowing residue in the trough 1.

When the speed of the variable speed motor 38 is gradually reduced, the blower 39
The amount of gas sucked by is reduced. When the amount of gas sucked by the blower 39 is reduced, the coal-fired coal that goes out from the coal-fired coal outlet 16 comes out to the outside in the state where water vapor is diffused. Then, after a while, the water content is dissipated and dried at its own temperature, and at the same time, the temperature is lowered by evaporation of water.

Trough 1 diameter 300 mm, trough 1 external temperature 5
At the temperature of 50 ° C, the position of the coal gas outlet pipe 41 is arranged on the outlet side of the trough 1, and when the operation is performed, about 80% of the gas generated in the trough 1 is extracted by the blower 39, and the coal discharged is It releases hydrogen gas, and if left to stand, it will naturally dry in about 5 minutes. In the apparatus for producing coal charcoal proposed by the present inventor, when the coal char is stuck to the bottom surface of the trough, it cannot be burnt unless it is heated to about 650 ° C., and the thermal efficiency was significantly reduced. No sticking of charcoal was found.

The amount of gas generated in the trough 1 changes depending on the water content of the raw material, the type of raw material, the feed amount of the raw material, the feed rate, the heating temperature, etc. Therefore, if the conditions are constant, the rotation speed of the blower 39 can be made constant. , Because that is an exception,
It is desirable that the blower 39 has a variable suction capacity.

Although the speed of the variable speed electric motor 38 for driving the blower 39 can be manually adjusted, when the same kind of raw material, for example, lawn cutting waste is to be charcoal-burned, a temperature sensor 44 arranged in the conveyor case 19 as shown in FIG. Detects the humidity around the lawn mowing debris and controls the variable speed electric motor 38 via the control device 45. That is, when the humidity detected by the humidity sensor 44 is high, the variable speed motor 38
Is increased to increase the ratio of the generated gas amount in the trough 1 to be sucked by the blower 39, and when the humidity is low, the variable speed motor 38 is decelerated to decrease the ratio of the generated gas in the trough 1 to be sucked by the blower 39. In any case, after the humidity sensor 44 detects, the lawn mowing debris at the position of the humidity sensor 44 is controlled by giving a time lag for being carried into the trough 1.

The manufactured charcoal is used as a fertilizer or a snow melting agent. or,
It has become known that by diluting tar with water and using it as tar fertilizer, there is an aftereffect that wobble does not occur even if worms do not occur.

In the embodiment, the treated product can be used by cutting a lawn mowing scrap with a twig or the like having a green leaf.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the present invention, a trough of an apparatus for producing coal charcoal has a circular cross section, and a screw accommodated in the trough has a chain support portion on a spiral line centered on the rotation axis. Since the chain loosely arranged substantially following the spiral wire is attached to the chain support portion of the support member, the coal char does not stick to the trough bottom where the coal char moves. Therefore, the thermal efficiency does not decrease.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is A of FIG.
-A and A'-A 'cross-sectional view including the cross section, FIG.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view as seen from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is the same sectional view as FIG. 2 showing the action, and FIG. 5 is a flow sheet showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of a conventional example, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 1 …… Trough, 2 …… Screw, 3 …… End plate 4,5 ……
Bearing, 6 ... Screw shaft, 7,7-1,7-2,7-3,7-4 ...
... Chain support members, 7a, 7a-1, 7a-2, 7a-3, 7a-4.
Chain support part, 8 …… chain, 8a …… one piece, 9 …… welding, 11 …… sprocket wheel, 12 …… chain, 13 ……
Variable speed electric motor, 14 ... Sprocket wheel, 15 ... Raw material supply port, 16 ... Coal charcoal outlet, 17 ... Raw material supply device, 18 ...
… Hopper, 19 …… Conveyor case, 21a, 21b, 21c ……
Shafts, 22a, 22b, 22c …… sprocket wheels, 23 …… chains, 24 …… scrapers, 25 …… pin shafts, 26 …… lids, 27
...... Horizontal bar, 28 ...... Weight, 29 ...... Furnace body, 31 ...... Furnace wall, 32 ...... Side wall, 33 ...... Ceiling wall, 34 ...... Insulation material, 36 ......
Gas burner, 37 …… chimney, 38 …… variable speed electric motor, 39 ……
Blower, 40 ... Tar receiving tank, 41 ... Burning gas outlet pipe, 42 ... Burning gas combustion burner, 43 ... Burning gas feed pipe, 43a ... Vertical pipe part, 43b ... Branch part, 44 …… Humidity sensor, 45 …… Control device, 47 …… Screw blade, 48 ……
Solidified layer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A screw having a circular cross section, which is rotationally driven in a laterally arranged trough, a raw material inlet is provided on one side of the trough, and a charcoal outlet is provided on the other side, and a heating device is provided below the trough. In the charcoal manufacturing apparatus, the screw is provided with a large number of chain supporting members radially reaching the spiral line so that the chain supporting unit is located on the spiral line centering on the rotating shaft, and the chain supporting unit of the supporting member is provided. An apparatus for producing charcoal, characterized in that a chain that is loosely arranged so as to substantially follow the spiral wire is attached to.