JPH0826866A - Special fertilizer manufacturing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] Deodorize and sterilize organic waste that does not contain harmful substances in a short period of time to turn it into fertilizer. [Structure] A reaction step in which calcium oxide 5 is added and mixed in the presence of water to organic waste 2 such as excess sludge / slag derived from food production, animal and plant residues, livestock excrement, etc. for a predetermined time, After the reaction, the organic waste 2A is left to stand for a predetermined period of time and then aged at least once during the standing period to perform deodorization, sterilization, fermentation and fertilization.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a special fertilizer production method and apparatus for producing fertilizer from organic sludge and sludge derived from food production, animal and plant residues, and organic waste such as livestock excrement. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The conventional treatment method for converting organic waste into fertilizer is to mechanically dehydrate it as much as possible and then dry it to make it into fertilizer. Is generally discarded. Further, these organic wastes are aerobically maintained and fermented and decomposed by aerobic fermentation to make fertilizers, or conversely, they are anaerobically kept and fermented and decomposed by anaerobic fermentation to utilize gas and fertilize. It was

[0003]

However, although the above-mentioned drying / incineration method is a safe and reliable method, it consumes a large amount of energy such as petroleum, and exhaust gas treatment costs a lot of construction cost and maintenance cost. It is gradually disappearing and disappearing.

Further, although the aerobic treatment method is most popular at present, there is a restriction on the place of installation from the viewpoint of odor, and there is no compatibility between the place where the organic waste is generated and the place where the fertilizer is consumed after the treatment. In many cases. Due to this consistency, this aerobic treatment method may also consider transporting organic waste from the place where the organic waste is generated to the place where the fertilizer is consumed, that is, the place where the fertilizer is apt to meet the restrictions of the installation site. However, it is difficult to realize in terms of transportation cost and odor control during that time.

Further, the anaerobic treatment method has a high construction cost, requires various qualified personnel from the aspect of maintenance, and has a difficult aspect such as treatment of desorbed liquid. Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can easily treat exhaust gas such as odors, has a low restriction condition of the installation place, and simplifies the device configuration to reduce the construction cost and the maintenance cost. An object of the present invention is to provide a special fertilizer manufacturing method and an apparatus for the same.

[0006]

In order to solve the above problems, the method for producing special fertilizer of the present invention is applied to the production of excess sludge and sludge derived from food production, animal and plant residues, and organic waste such as livestock excrement. A reaction step in which calcium oxide (CaO) is added and mixed in the presence of water and reacted for a predetermined time, and the organic waste after the reaction is left for a predetermined time and at least 1
It is preferable that the method comprises a ripening step in which the organic waste is turned over more than once, and a drying step of the organic waste is added between the reaction step and the aging step. It is advisable to add and mix calcium oxide in a ratio of 1 to 25, preferably 3 to 10 relative to 1000 (90% by weight).

The special fertilizer manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has a feeder for temporarily storing and quantitatively supplying organic waste such as surplus sludge and sludge derived from food manufacturing, animal and plant residues, and livestock manure. And a raw material storage container made of calcium oxide (C
aO) is temporarily stored and a calcium oxide supplier for quantitatively supplying calcium oxide corresponding to the supply amount of the supplier, and the organic waste and the calcium oxide are received and mixed and reacted in the presence of water. A stirring reaction tank, and an aging section having a yard and a turning machine for leaving the organic waste after the reaction discharged from the stirring reaction tank for a predetermined time,

Further, it is preferable that a dryer is interposed between the stirring reaction tank and the aging section.

[0009]

The reaction mechanism of the special fertilizer production method having the above structure is unclear, but calcium oxide (CaO) is
It reacts violently with the water contained in the organic waste to form calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) ₂ ), which generates heat, and at the same time, calcium oxide combines with carbon dioxide to form calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO ₃ )). ₂ ), the pH is increased to 11 or more to kill Escherichia coli and other harmful bacteria, and further react to form calcium carbonate. This calcium oxide simultaneously reacts with methyl mercaptan, a carboxylic acid compound, a protein, and a sulfur compound to form a mercaptide ((CH ₃ S) ₂
Ca), calcium carboxylate ((R-COOH) ₂ C
a), amino acid calcium salt (R ・ NH ₂・ COO
H ₂ ) Ca) and calcium sulfide (CaS), and these calcium compounds are hardly soluble substances, and their odorous components are removed.

At the same time, in these complicated reaction processes,
Oxygen is generated, and ammonia is decomposed to decompose the nitrogen in the molecular state.
Use it as a raw gas, or release elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide
I do. In addition, Ca (OH) created from CaO₂, C
a (HCO₃)₂, CaCO ₃Odor in the micropores of fine particles of
Ingredients may be adsorbed to prevent odor diffusion.

Then, the organic waste after the above reaction step is left for a predetermined time and is cut back one or more times to complete the above reaction, and a new aerobic fermentation of the components of the organic waste. As a result, the molecular weight is reduced and fertilization is promoted.

Further, if there is a drying step between the reaction step and the aging step, a large amount of water contained in the organic waste after the calcium oxide reaction treatment can be removed, and the volume is reduced and the aging is performed. Facilitates in-process treatment.

Organic waste (water content of 90% by weight)
If the amount of calcium oxide is less than 1 relative to 1000, the effect cannot be expected, and if it is more than 25, the amount of calcium oxide becomes excessive and adverse effects occur.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a flow sheet diagram of the special fertilizer manufacturing apparatus of the present invention. This special fertilizer manufacturing apparatus 1 is an organic waste 2 such as surplus sludge / slag, animal and plant residues, and livestock excreta derived from food manufacturing. Is temporarily stored, and a raw material storage 4 having a supply device 3 for quantitatively supplying the calcium oxide (CaO) 5 is temporarily stored and the calcium oxide 5 is quantitatively determined according to the supply amount of the supply device 3. For supplying calcium oxide 6, a stirring reaction tank 7 for receiving the organic waste 2 and the calcium oxide 5 and carrying out a mixing reaction in the presence of water, and an organic material after reaction discharged from the stirring reaction tank 7. Yard 8 and turning machine 9 for leaving waste 2A for a predetermined time
And an aging section 10 having.

The organic waste 2 is not limited to the exemplified ones, but it must be capable of causing various reactions by adding and mixing calcium oxide 5. The raw material storage 4 is provided below the hopper 20 with a feeder 3
It is composed by attaching. The hopper 20 is for temporarily storing the organic waste 2 and stably sending the organic waste 2 to the feeder 3 so that an error does not occur in the supply amount of the feeder 3. The feeder 3 is of a screw type, but is not particularly limited thereto, and may be of any type as long as the organic waste 2 can be variably and quantitatively supplied. good. In this embodiment, the supply amount of the organic waste 2 is changed by changing the rotation speed of the screw.

The calcium oxide feeder 6 is a hopper
It is configured by attaching a fixed quantity feeder 31 to the lower part of 30. The hopper 30 is almost hermetically sealed and is provided with sufficient moisture-proof measures. Further, although the screw feeder or the table feeder is used as the quantitative feeder 31, the quantitative feeder is not limited to this, and the calcium oxide 5 can be quantitatively changed by varying the calcium oxide 5 at a ratio set according to the supply amount of the organic waste 2. Any material that can be supplied to

The stirring reaction tank 7 has a raw material receiving hopper 40 for temporarily receiving the organic waste 2 supplied from the raw material storage 4 and the calcium oxide 5 supplied from the calcium oxide feeder 6. This raw material receiving hopper 40
A raw material feeding device 41 is provided in the lower part.
41 has screws 42, 43 in opposite
By rotating the shaft 44 in the same direction, the raw material composed of the organic waste 2 and the calcium oxide 5 is conveyed to the left and right, and is fed into the tank 45 from the supply hole (not shown) on average. It is something. This tank 45 has a shaft 46
Two agitators 48 each having a plurality of four-bladed agitating blades 47 are provided, and two water sprinklers 49 are further provided. These two stirrers 48 are provided in the tank 45 so that the stirring blades 47 thereof are staggered, and the sprinkler 49 is provided with a pipe 50 and a plurality of nozzles 51. The two agitators 48 are rotated by a motor (not shown) equipped with a variable speed reducer, and the water sprinkler 49 further increases pressure of water received from the water supply source 52 in the water receiving tank 53 by the water pressure pump 54. It will be. Therefore, the raw material charged into the tank 45 on average by the raw material charging device 41 stays in the tank 45 for a predetermined time, for example, about 7 to 15 minutes, and is sprayed with water by the sprinkling device 49 as necessary. The two agitators 48 are used for mixing, various chemical reactions are carried out in the process, and sterilization and deodorization are carried out to render them harmless.

The organic waste 2A, which has been mixed and reacted in the stirring reaction tank 7, falls from a gate (not shown) provided in the lower portion of the stirring reaction tank 7 to a conveyor 60, and the conveyor 60 is used to It is sent to the aging section 10.

The ripening section 10 allows the organic waste 2A after the reaction to be left in the yard 8 for a predetermined time, for example, for 2 days to 2 weeks, and at the same time, at least by the turning machine 9
It is to switch back more than once. The yard 8 is made of concrete, and when installed outdoors, a roof is provided to prevent the effects of wind and rain. The turning machine 9 may be of any type as long as it can cut back the raw material after the reaction that has been left on the yard 8.

Next, a method of manufacturing the special fertilizer manufacturing apparatus 1 having the above-mentioned structure will be described. Excess sludge and sludge derived from food production, animal and plant residues, organic waste 2 such as livestock excrement is collected by a collection vehicle and transported to a stockyard, etc., and immediately placed on a conveyor or other transportation means. Storage 4
It is put into the hopper 20 of and stored. A certain amount of the organic waste 2 is supplied to the raw material receiving hopper 40 of the stirring reaction tank 7 by the feeder 3 located below the hopper 20. On the other hand, the calcium oxide 5 contained in a container or the like is put into the hopper 30 of the calcium oxide feeder 6, and the calcium oxide 5 is used as a raw material at a ratio set according to the amount of the organic waste 2 fed by the constant quantity feeder 31. Supply to the receiving hopper 40. In addition, the raw material receiving hopper
The above-mentioned raw material is thrown into the tank 45 on average by the raw material feeding device 41 at the lower part of 40. In this charging process, the water pressure pump 54 is operated as necessary to spray water on the raw material with the water sprinkler 49, and the raw materials are stirred and retained for 7 to 15 minutes by the two stirrers 48 to cause a chemical reaction. Deodorize and sterilize. After this, take out the organic waste 2A after the reaction from the tank 45,
The fertilizer can be transported to the yard 8 by the conveyor 60, leveled by the turning machine 9, and the raw material can be turned back and aged at a predetermined interval to produce a special fertilizer.

FIG. 2 is a flow sheet diagram of a special fertilizer dryer. This dryer 70 is mainly used for stirring reaction tank 7 and aging section when the water content of organic waste 2A after reaction is high. Ten
It is provided between and. The drying device 70 receives the organic waste 2A after the reaction carried by the conveyor 60 in a charging tank 71, and a constant quantity feeder 72 provided under the charging tank 71 controls the rotary dryer main body 73 The organic waste 2A is charged into one end side, and the organic waste 2A is gradually moved to the other end side by the rotation of the rotary dryer main body 73, and is dried by the hot air from the heat generating furnace 74 in the moving process, while the hot air is lowered in temperature. Is discharged from the rotary dryer main body 73, processed by the exhaust gas processing device 75, and discharged into the atmosphere. The dried organic waste 2A is discharged from the rotary dryer main body 73, is put into the product hopper 77 by the conveyor 76, and is transferred from the hopper to a transport vehicle or the like for use as a special fertilizer, as described above. It may be transported to the yard 8 by the conveyor 76 and used as special fertilizer after aging for a predetermined time.

Table 1 shows the analytical values of the special fertilizer manufactured by the special fertilizer manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG.

[0023]

[Table 1] In addition, 5m from the installation location of the special fertilizer production equipment shown in Fig. 1.
The measured value of the odor concentration at a distant position was lower than the value in Table 2 (the concentration measuring method is in accordance with the bad smell prevention method).

[0024]

[Table 2]

[0025]

As described in detail above, according to the method for producing a special fertilizer of the present invention, a spoilage odor and coagulability due to contaminants, lipids, microorganisms, etc. can be obtained without requiring a large-scale and complicated process. Excess sludge and sludge from food factories, animal and plant residues, livestock excrement, and other organic wastes are treated in large amounts in a short time to deodorize and sterilize, further destroying coagulability and facilitating dehydration. Also, it can be used as an organic fertilizer.

Further, if there is a drying step between the reaction step and the aging step, it is possible to remove a large amount of water contained in the organic waste after the calcium oxide reaction treatment, and the volume is reduced, It facilitates the treatment in the aging process.
Therefore, the space for the aging process can be narrowed, and since the water content is low, it can be transported easily and can be used as a fertilizer as it is.

Organic waste (water content of 90% by weight)
If the amount of calcium oxide is less than 1 relative to 1000, the effect cannot be expected, and if it is more than 25, the amount of calcium oxide becomes excessive and adverse effects occur. Therefore, by adding a small amount of calcium oxide, the organic waste can be made harmless and odorless, and can be used as a special fertilizer.

Further, according to the special fertilizer manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, the above method can be efficiently realized, and since calcium oxide is used, rust is prevented from being generated by uric acid and the like, and durability is enhanced.

Furthermore, the presence of a drying device enables the above method to be efficiently realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet diagram of a special fertilizer manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flow sheet diagram of a dryer attached to the special fertilizer manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Special Fertilizer Manufacturing Equipment 2 Organic Waste 2A Organic Waste After Reaction 3 Feeder 4 Raw Material Storage 5 Calcium Oxide 6 Calcium Oxide Feeder 7 Stirring Reaction Tank 8 Yard 9 Cutter 10 Dryer 70 Dryer

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical indication C05F 3/06 H 7537-4H 5/00 7537-4H 7/00 301 H 7537-4H Z 7537-4H

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A reaction in which calcium oxide (CaO) is added and mixed in the presence of water to organic waste such as surplus sludge / slag derived from food production, animal and plant residues, livestock excrement, etc. for a predetermined time. A method for producing a special fertilizer, which comprises a step and an aging step in which the organic waste after the reaction is allowed to stand for a predetermined time and at least one cut is performed during the standing. 2. The method for producing a special fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein a drying step of organic waste is added between the reaction step and the ripening step. 3. The organic waste (water content of 90% by weight)
The method for producing a special fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein calcium oxide is added and mixed in a ratio of 1 to 25, preferably 3 to 10 relative to 1000. 4. A raw material storage comprising a feeder for temporarily storing and quantitatively supplying organic waste such as surplus sludge / slag derived from food production, animal and plant residues, and livestock excrement. In the presence of water, which temporarily stores calcium oxide (CaO) and quantitatively supplies calcium oxide corresponding to the supply amount of the supplier, and which receives the organic waste and calcium oxide, 2. A special fertilizer production apparatus comprising: a stirring reaction tank for mixing and reacting with each other, and a aging section having a yard and a turning machine for leaving the organic waste after the reaction discharged from the stirring reaction tank for a predetermined time. 5. The special fertilizer manufacturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a dryer is interposed between the stirring reaction tank and the ripening section.