JPH0842013A - Natural cooling device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a high cooling effect almost without need of electric power, by constituting the external wall of a building with a water-retentive porous wall material and providing water paths making the wall material wet and air paths conducting air along true want material ana placing vegetation at the outside or the external wall. CONSTITUTION:A number of air slit paths 5 pierced on both front and rear faces are formed horizontally in the porous wall material 4. A vertical recess 6 is formed at both side plates. A water supply pipe 12 is connected to the upper end of a cooling wall 2. The outer face of cooling wall 2 is covered with vegetation 13 composed of natural ivy. The wall 3 is made of a double-structure of the external and internal wall materials 3a, 3b. The clearance therebetween is used for a forcible convection space 14 which is connected to an exhaust outlet 14a opened on the external wall material 3a at the upper side and also connected to an suction inlet 14b opened on the internal wall material 3b at the lower side. The external wall material 3a is directly heated by the sunlight and the air in the space 14 is heated and raised and then discharged from the exhaust outlet 14a. By this rising stream, the indoor air is sucked into the suction inlet 14b and discharged and the outside air is conducted through the cooling wall 2 by the negative pressure brought at that time.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a natural cooling system for a building for cooling a house or the like by utilizing the evaporative cooling action of water and planting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The cold air introduction method utilizing evaporative cooling has been practiced in private houses since ancient times. It has a sunny garden and a cool garden covered with trees in the front and rear of the room. By placing an unglazed jar containing water, the water in the jar is cooled by the evaporation of water from its surface, and the inflowing air is humidified and cooled.

However, in a densely populated area, it is often difficult to obtain a garden with abundant trees or a garden with a lot of sunlight. Therefore, there is no choice but to rely on a cooling facility using electric power. It was not there.

[0004]

However, the cooling equipment using electric power is expensive to install, and
There is a problem in that a large amount of electric power is consumed during use, and particularly in urban areas, the so-called heat island phenomenon occurs in which the outside air temperature of the entire region rises due to the hot air discharged by the cooling equipment.

In view of the above problems, the present invention has been made for the purpose of providing a natural cooling device capable of cooling using evaporative cooling of ancient times in a modern dense urban space.

[0006]

The features of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned conventional problems and achieving the initial object are as follows.
At least a part of the outer wall of the building is formed of a water-retaining porous wall material, and the outer wall is provided with a ventilation path in which air can flow in contact with the porous wall material, and water is supplied to the porous wall material. The natural cooling device (claim 1) is provided with a means, and a planting is installed outside the porous wall material to introduce air into the room through the ventilation passage.

As the porous wall material, unglazed bricks are preferable in terms of strength, durability and water retention (claim 2), but concrete materials can also be used. Further, it is preferable that the ventilation passage is provided so as to penetrate through the porous wall material, and if it is desired to take in cool air from the wide surface of the wall, it is preferable that the ventilation passage be penetrated horizontally toward the inside and outside of the wall (claim 3). The air passage may be provided by passing the passage vertically through the porous wall material, or may be provided along the porous wall material.

Further, the outer wall is constructed by stacking rectangular porous wall members having ventilation passages that penetrate horizontally in the front-rear and left-right directions, and each wall member has a continuous passage in the joint in the horizontal direction. A horizontal water passage made of water material is provided, and a vertical water passage made of water material is provided between the left and right porous wall materials, and water supply means for supplying water from the upper end of the vertical water passage is used. Is preferred (claim 4). Further, the ivy can be highly effective in a small space for planting (claim 5), but in addition to this, trees may be planted along the outer wall. Furthermore, as a means for introducing air into the room, inside the outer peripheral surface of the building, by forming a forced convection space to generate an updraft by heating by sunlight and exhaust the indoor air to the outside, without requiring electric power,
Although it is possible to blow air (claim 6), a fan may be used for taking in air.

[0009]

In the natural cooling device of the present invention, the outside of the outer wall is covered with trees to block direct sunlight, and moreover, a transpiration caused by planting forms a cool part in the leaf shadow, and the water from the water supply means forms a part of the outer wall. Since the porous wall material is in a wet state, the entire outer wall is cooled by the vaporization of water. And
By passing air through the outer wall cooled in this wet state by evaporation, the air is humidified and simultaneously cooled, and cool air is supplied to the room (claim 1).

Further, by using unglazed bricks as the porous wall material, durability can be maintained even under moist conditions, and an appropriate water retention capacity can be provided (claim 2). ). Further, when a large number of ventilation passages are provided horizontally penetrating inward and outward, the air cooled from the entire wall surface can be introduced into the room (claim 3).

Further, a horizontal water passage is provided for each step of the stacked porous materials, and a vertical water passage leading to the horizontal water passage is provided. Water is supplied, the wet condition can be maintained well, and the entire wall surface can be evenly moistened (Claim 4). By using ivy for planting, a large space is required. Without doing so, a high outer wall cooling effect can be obtained (Claim 5).

Furthermore, by providing a forced convection space inside the outer surface of the building where the heated indoor air is exhausted, the outer surface is heated by the solar radiation, and the air rises and is exhausted. Then, the air cooled in the outer wall is forcibly introduced due to the negative pressure in the room at that time, and the cooling air is introduced without requiring any special forced air supply means such as a fan (claim 6). .

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a building, and a cooling wall 2 for cooling ventilation is provided on one side of the building, and a negative pressure is generated in the room by forcibly exhausting air on the other side, thereby introducing outside air. Wall 3 with built-in outside air introduction means
Is provided.

The cooling wall 2 is constructed by stacking a large number of porous wall members 4 made of unglazed bricks as shown in FIG.
The porous wall member 4 has a large number of slit-shaped ventilation passages 5, 5 ... Opened in the front and rear surfaces in the horizontal direction, and vertical recesses 6, 6 formed on both side surfaces. Has been done. For example, the size is a rectangle having a width of 240 mm in the left-right direction, a height of 115 mm in the vertical direction, and a depth (front-back thickness) of 200 mm, and the width of the recess 6 is 80 mm and the depth is 5-6 mm.
Use one.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, a large number of wall members 4 are stacked vertically and horizontally to construct a cooling wall 2. The cooling walls 2 are continuously stacked on the wall members 4, 4 ,. A water-permeable material 7 made of a non-woven fabric is placed in the center of the surface, and joint mortars 8 and 8 are placed in front of and behind the water-permeable material 7, which are sequentially stacked up and down
A horizontal lateral water passage 9a is formed by the water passage material 7 in each stage.

Further, between the left and right wall members 4, 4, ..., Vertical holes continuous in the vertical direction are formed by the recesses 6, 6 on both side surfaces.
The mortar 8 is filled by inserting the reinforcing bar 11 which is erected from the foundation into the vertical holes 10a, which are placed every other hole, and embedding the reinforcing bar 11. The remaining vertical holes 10b are filled with the water-permeable material 7 made of the same non-woven fabric as described above to form a vertical water passage 9b. The upper end of the vertically oriented water passage 9b is opened to communicate with the upper end of the cooling wall 2.

A water supply passage 12 constituting a water supply means is connected to the upper end of the cooling wall 2. The water supply passage 12 is adapted to be supplied to the top surface of the porous wall member 4 so that a required amount of water flows down into the vertically oriented water passage 9b. Further, the outer surface of the cooling wall 2 is provided with a planting 13 made of natural creepers.

The wall 3 has a double structure of an outer wall material 3a and an inner wall material 3b, and a forced convection space 14 is provided between them.

In the space 14, an exhaust port 14a opened in the outer wall member 3a communicates with the upper side, and an intake port 14b opened in the inner wall member 3b communicates with the lower side. When the outer wall material 3a is warmed by direct sunlight, the air in the space 14 is warmed and rises, and is discharged from the exhaust port 14a. Due to the rising flow at this time, the indoor air is sucked into the intake port 14b and exhausted, and the negative pressure generated at that time introduces the outside air through the cooling wall 2.

FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The surrounding wall of this building 20 is the same cooling wall 2 as described above, and the roof 21 is provided with outside air introducing means for exhausting indoor air.

A vertical cylinder 22 is formed at the top of the roof 21, and a wind tunnel 23 oriented in the horizontal direction is attached to the top of the vertical cylinder 22 at a position orthogonal to the vertical cylinder 22 to form a forced exhaust means. The indoor air is exhausted by the rising airflow in the vertical cylinder 22 caused by the heating of the roof and the vertical cylinder and the negative pressure in the vertical cylinder 22 caused by the wind passing through the wind tunnel 23, whereby the cooling wall 2 is discharged. Outside air is introduced into the room through the ventilation passages 5, 5 ...

In the natural cooling device of each of the embodiments described above, the water supply passage 1 is passed through the water passages 9a and 9b with respect to the porous wall member 4.
By supplying water from 2 and keeping the whole in a wet state, the cooling wall 2 is cooled by the heat absorption by the evaporation of water from the surface of the wall material, the interception of solar radiation by the planting of ivy and the heat absorption by the evaporation of water. It When outside air is introduced into the room through the ventilation passage 5 in this state, the outside air is humidified and cooled in the ventilation passage 5 and is introduced into the room. In addition, according to the experiment in which the test body using the unglazed brick was placed in the experimental wind tunnel and ventilated, the leeward air temperature was 25.4 ° C. while the leeward air temperature was 29.5 ° C. and the humidity was 60%. A humidity of 83% was obtained.

In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the outside air is forcibly introduced by a natural ascending airflow or the like, but in addition to this, a fan using an electric motor may be used as the air supply means. Further, when using a wall material having a ventilation passage that penetrates the cooling wall in the horizontal direction, the air that has penetrated the wall material may be collected and supplied to a duct. Furthermore, in addition to the wall member having the ventilation passages penetrating it, one surface in the ventilation passage may be constituted by the wall member.

[0025]

As described above, the natural cooling apparatus of the present invention absorbs water into the water-retaining porous wall material to bring it into a wet state, and the planting is performed on the outer side thereof, so that the water is evaporated. Due to heat absorption and water vapor evaporation of the planting, it becomes an outer wall at a temperature lower than the outside air temperature, and by contacting this and ventilating the air, the air is cooled by heat conduction and humidification to the porous wall material, and this is sent to the room As a result, the indoor space is cooled, and even in urban areas where there is not a large space shaded by trees, a high cooling effect can be obtained with almost no electric power. Further, unlike the conventional cooling device, the hot air absorbed for cooling is not discharged to the outside, so that a so-called heat island phenomenon can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the outline of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the porous wall material used in the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional front view showing a stacked state of the porous wall materials.

FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view of the same.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional side view of the above.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view schematically showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1,20 Building 2 Cooling wall 3 Wall 3a Outer wall material 3b Inner wall material 4 Porous wall material 5 Ventilation path 6 Recess 7 Water material 8 Mortar 9a Horizontal water passage 9b Vertical water passage 10a, 10b Vertical hole 11 Rebar 12 Water supply passage 13 Planting 14 Forced convection space 14a Exhaust port 14b Intake port 21 Roof 22 Vertical cylinder 23 Wind tunnel

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. At least a part of an outer wall of a building is constituted by a water-retaining porous wall material, and the outer wall is provided with an air passage for allowing air to flow in contact with the porous wall material, and the porous wall A natural cooling device comprising water supply means for moisturizing a wall material, planting on the outside of the porous wall material, and introducing air into the room through the ventilation passage. 2. The natural cooling device for a building according to claim 1, wherein the porous wall material constituting the outer wall is made of unglazed brick. 3. The natural cooling device for a building according to claim 1, wherein a large number of ventilation passages having a small diameter are provided so as to extend through the inner and outer surfaces of the porous wall material and are oriented in the horizontal direction. 4. An outer wall is formed by stacking rectangular porous wall members having a ventilation passage that penetrates horizontally in the front-rear and left-right directions.
A horizontal water passage made up of water passages that are continuous in the horizontal direction is provided at each joint of each wall material, and a vertical water passage made up of water passages is formed between the left and right porous wall materials. 4. The natural cooling device for a building according to claim 1, further comprising a water supply means provided to supply water from an upper end of the vertically oriented water passage. 5. The natural cooling device for a building according to claim 1, wherein the plant is composed of ivy having crawled on the outer wall surface. 6. A forced convection space is formed inside the outer peripheral surface of the building as a means for introducing air into the room so as to generate an ascending air current by heating by solar radiation and exhaust the indoor air to the outside. The natural cooling device for buildings according to 4 or 5.