JPH08507364A - 天然ガスの液化方法および装置 - Google Patents
天然ガスの液化方法および装置Info
- Publication number
- JPH08507364A JPH08507364A JP7517817A JP51781795A JPH08507364A JP H08507364 A JPH08507364 A JP H08507364A JP 7517817 A JP7517817 A JP 7517817A JP 51781795 A JP51781795 A JP 51781795A JP H08507364 A JPH08507364 A JP H08507364A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- natural gas
- gas
- fraction
- liquid
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/88—Quasi-closed internal refrigeration or heat pump cycle, if not otherwise provided
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.天然ガスを液化する方法において該方法が: a)天然ガスをメタンの臨界圧力に大きいか少くとも等しい圧力で、この冷却の 終りに天然ガスが濃密相の形態になるような温度で冷却し、 b)ステップa)から得られる濃密相の少くとも一部分を、機械的エネルギによ る膨脹によってガスの圧力を減少させるように設計された装置によって膨脹させ 、液化し、濃密相の状態から液相の状態へ転換して液化天然ガスを形成させるこ とを遷移相を経ないで行う、 という少くとも2つのステップを含むことを特徴とする方法。 2.液化された天然ガスがステップb)の終りにほぼ大気圧に近い圧力となるこ とを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。 3.請求項2に記載の天然ガスを液化する方法において、 ステップb)の間に得られた液相の膨脹が気体留分が現れるまで続き、 その後、 ステップc)の間に液体留分と気体留分とを分離し、 ステップd)の間に、ステップc)から得られる気体留分を天然ガスの非膨脹 留分との熱交換プロセスに通し、 この非膨脹留分をステップe)の間に行われたこの熱交換の終りに膨脹させて 、液体留分と蒸気留分とに分離する液体−蒸気混合物を形成し、 ステップc)とe)とから得られる液体留分を再統合して、液化天然ガスを形 成し、 ステップc)とe)とから得られる気体留分の少くとも一部分を再圧縮してス テップa)にリサイクルする、という数段のステップを遂行することを特徴とす る方法。 4.タービンが天然ガスを濃密相の状態から液相の状態に膨脹させるのに用いら れる装置であることを特徴とする、請求項2から3までのうちの1項に記載の天 然ガスを液化する方法。 5.請求項2から4までのうちの1項に記載の天然ガスを液化する方法において 、ステップa)の間に天然ガスから得られる気体留分を使う熱交換によって天然 ガスを冷却することと、この気体留分をタービンの中で膨脹させこと、およびこ の膨脹させた気体留分を圧縮ステージの間に少くとも部分的に再圧縮してリサイ クルすることを特徴とする方法。 6.請求項2から5までのうちの1項に記載の天然ガスの液化方法において、少 くとも1つのリサイクルされた気体留分を2つのステップで圧縮すること、およ びこれらの圧縮ステージの終りにおいてガスを周囲の冷媒を使用して冷却するこ とを特徴とする方法。 7.請求項2から6までのうちの1項に記載の天然ガスの液化方法において、ス テップa)の間に冷媒の混合物を蒸発させることによって天然ガスを冷却し、こ れによって蒸気相の状態で得られた混合物を次に周囲の冷媒との熱交換のプロセ スによって圧縮し、濃縮し、膨脹させてリサイクルすることを特徴とする方法。 8.少くとも2つの異なる圧力レベルで冷媒の混合物を膨脹させ、蒸発させるこ とを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。 9.請求項2から8までのうちの1項に記載の天然ガスの液化方法において、天 然ガスが重い炭化水素を含む場合、液化すべき天然ガスに含まれる最も重い炭化 水素をステップa)に先立つ吸収ステージで分離することを特徴とする方法。 10.天然ガスを構成する混合物の臨界圧力よりも大きい圧力レベルでステップ a)を遂行することを特徴とする、請求項2から9までのうちの1 項に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 11.液化すべきガスのクリコンデンバールより大きい圧力でステップa)を遂 行することを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 12.7および20MPaの間の範囲にある圧力で、ステップa)を遂行するこ とを特徴とする、請求項10および11に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 13.ステップa)の終りにおける天然ガスの温度が165Kと230Kとの間 の範囲にあることを特徴とする、請求項2から13までのうちの1項に記載の天 然ガスの液化方法。 14.ステップb)の終りに得られる気体留分が20%より大きいか等しことを 特徴とする、請求項3に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 15.天然ガスがメタンより重い炭化水素を含む場合、これらの炭化水素をステ ップa)の間に優勢である圧力よりも低い圧力で遂行される予備的ステップの間 に少くとも部分的に分離することを特徴とする、請求項2から10までのうちの 1項に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 16.膨脹後メタンより重い炭化水素の濃度をもつ液体留分を生成するような温 度まで天然ガスをステップa)の間に冷却し、次にこの液体留分を分離すること を特徴とする、請求項2から13まで、および13から15までのうちの1項に 記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 17.あまり熱伝導的でない要素からなるタービンの中でステップb)を遂行す ることを特徴とする、請求項2から10まで、および請求項13のうちの1項に 記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 18.タービンのロータが熱伝導的でない合成材料からできていることを特徴と する、請求項17に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 19.ステップa)とd)との間の熱交換を向熱交換器の中で遂行することを特 徴とする、請求項2から10までの項、および13、17項に記載 の天然ガスの液化方法。 20.熱交換器の低温サイドに5Kより少ない温度差、高温サイドに10Kより 少ない温度差がある熱交換器の中を天然ガスを通すことによってステップd)の 熱交換を遂行することを特徴とする、請求項2から10まで、および13項、1 7項のうちの1項に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 21.ステップb)の間の膨脹を少くとも2つの連続するタービンによって遂行 し、第1の部分的膨脹からの液体−蒸気混合物を気体留分と液体留分とに分離し 、気体留分をステップd)に送り、残りの液体留分を第2のタービンで膨脹させ 、第2の膨脹の終りにおける液体留分が、この方法によって生成される液化天然 ガスの一部を形成することを特徴とする、請求項2から10項まで、および13 、17項のうちの1項に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 22.ステップb)からの気体留分の少くとも一部分をステップe)からの液体 留分と向流によって接触させ、結果としての液体留分をステップb)からの液体 留分と再統合させて液化天然ガスを形成させ、結果としての気体留分をステップ e)からの気体留分と再統合させて窒素分の豊富な気体留分の少くとも一部を形 成させて排出することを特徴とする、請求項2から10項および13項、17項 のうちの1項に記載の天然ガスの液化方法。 23.前項までのどの1項かに記載する方法を具体化する装置において、該装置 が液化する天然ガスを冷却し、濃密相にすることのできる少くとも1つの装置( E2)と、少くとも1つの冷却手段(R1)とを含み、前記1つの装置(E2) が天然ガスを液化するために濃密相の状態で膨脹させることのできる少くとも1 つの手段(T4)に直接結合されていることを特徴とする装置。 24.天然ガスを濃密相の状態で膨脹させることのできる手段が少くとも1つの 膨脹タービンからできており、その少くとも1つの要素が非常に熱伝導的でない 材料からできていることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の天然ガスの液化のため の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR93/15719 | 1993-12-30 | ||
| FR9315924A FR2714720B3 (fr) | 1993-12-30 | 1993-12-30 | Procédé et appareil de liquéfaction d'un gaz naturel. |
| FR9402024A FR2714722B1 (fr) | 1993-12-30 | 1994-02-21 | Procédé et appareil de liquéfaction d'un gaz naturel. |
| FR94/02024 | 1994-02-21 | ||
| PCT/FR1994/001535 WO1995018345A1 (fr) | 1993-12-30 | 1994-12-26 | Procede et appareil de liquefaction d'un gaz naturel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08507364A true JPH08507364A (ja) | 1996-08-06 |
| JP3602130B2 JP3602130B2 (ja) | 2004-12-15 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51781795A Expired - Lifetime JP3602130B2 (ja) | 1993-12-30 | 1994-12-26 | 天然ガスの液化方法および装置 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5651269A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0687353B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3602130B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100356093B1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU684885B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2156249C (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2126876T3 (ja) |
| FR (1) | FR2714722B1 (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO303850B1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1995018345A1 (ja) |
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| JPH11248346A (ja) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-09-14 | Inst Fr Petrole | ガスの液化方法および装置 |
| JP2003517561A (ja) * | 1999-12-17 | 2003-05-27 | エクソンモービル アップストリーム リサーチ カンパニー | 膨張冷却による天然ガスの液化方法 |
| JP2008509374A (ja) * | 2004-08-06 | 2008-03-27 | ビーピー・コーポレーション・ノース・アメリカ・インコーポレーテッド | 天然ガス液化方法 |
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| JP2018530726A (ja) * | 2015-08-21 | 2018-10-18 | ガスコンサルト リミテッドGasconsult Limited | 液化天然ガス製造プロセス |
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| US10533794B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-01-14 | Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. | Hydrocarbon gas processing |
| US10551118B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-02-04 | Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. | Hydrocarbon gas processing |
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| US11543180B2 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2023-01-03 | Uop Llc | Hydrocarbon gas processing |
| FR3075938B1 (fr) | 2017-12-21 | 2020-01-10 | Engie | Procede et dispositif de liquefaction d'un gaz naturel |
| JP7150063B2 (ja) | 2018-06-07 | 2022-10-07 | エクソンモービル アップストリーム リサーチ カンパニー | 高圧圧縮および膨張による天然ガスの前処理および前冷却 |
| WO2020040952A1 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Primary loop start-up method for a high pressure expander process |
| WO2022033714A1 (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-02-17 | Cryostar Sas | Simplified cryogenic refrigeration system |
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- 1994-02-21 FR FR9402024A patent/FR2714722B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-26 JP JP51781795A patent/JP3602130B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-26 EP EP95905171A patent/EP0687353B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-26 AU AU13883/95A patent/AU684885B2/en not_active Expired
- 1994-12-26 CA CA002156249A patent/CA2156249C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-26 ES ES95905171T patent/ES2126876T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-26 KR KR1019950703632A patent/KR100356093B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-26 WO PCT/FR1994/001535 patent/WO1995018345A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-26 US US08/507,277 patent/US5651269A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1995-08-29 NO NO953377A patent/NO303850B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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| US3616652A (en) * | 1966-09-27 | 1971-11-02 | Conch Int Methane Ltd | Process and apparatus for liquefying natural gas containing nitrogen by using cooled expanded and flashed gas therefrom as a coolant therefor |
| JPS5981483A (ja) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-05-11 | エア・プロダクツ・アンド・ケミカルズ・インコ−ポレイテツド | メタンの液化方法 |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11248346A (ja) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-09-14 | Inst Fr Petrole | ガスの液化方法および装置 |
| JP2003517561A (ja) * | 1999-12-17 | 2003-05-27 | エクソンモービル アップストリーム リサーチ カンパニー | 膨張冷却による天然ガスの液化方法 |
| JP2008509374A (ja) * | 2004-08-06 | 2008-03-27 | ビーピー・コーポレーション・ノース・アメリカ・インコーポレーテッド | 天然ガス液化方法 |
| JP2015061994A (ja) * | 2004-08-06 | 2015-04-02 | ビーピー・コーポレーション・ノース・アメリカ・インコーポレーテッド | 天然ガス液化方法 |
| JP2014522477A (ja) * | 2011-06-15 | 2014-09-04 | ガスコンサルト リミテッド | 天然ガスの液化プロセス |
| JP2018530726A (ja) * | 2015-08-21 | 2018-10-18 | ガスコンサルト リミテッドGasconsult Limited | 液化天然ガス製造プロセス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2714722B1 (fr) | 1997-11-21 |
| KR100356093B1 (ko) | 2003-01-29 |
| EP0687353A1 (fr) | 1995-12-20 |
| ES2126876T3 (es) | 1999-04-01 |
| JP3602130B2 (ja) | 2004-12-15 |
| NO303850B1 (no) | 1998-09-07 |
| KR960701346A (ko) | 1996-02-24 |
| NO953377L (no) | 1995-08-29 |
| NO953377D0 (no) | 1995-08-29 |
| US5651269A (en) | 1997-07-29 |
| WO1995018345A1 (fr) | 1995-07-06 |
| CA2156249C (fr) | 2006-03-21 |
| CA2156249A1 (fr) | 1995-07-06 |
| AU684885B2 (en) | 1998-01-08 |
| AU1388395A (en) | 1995-07-17 |
| FR2714722A1 (fr) | 1995-07-07 |
| EP0687353B1 (fr) | 1998-11-11 |
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