JPH085105A - Method and equipment for indoor cooling and heating - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable execution of efficient heating or cooling, to reduce a running cost and also to obtain a comfortable indoor environment by making a heating medium flow through a pipe body provided in a floor part. CONSTITUTION:In equipment for indoor cooling and heating wherein a pipe body 10 for making a heating medium flow through is provided in an indoor floor and which cools or heats the inside of a room to a desired temperature by making the heating medium flow through the pipe body 10, the pipe body 10 for making the heating medium flow through is laid, being buried in a heat storage material 26 suppressing radiation of heat from the pipe body 10 and storing the heat, and a heat source mechanism for controlling the temperature of the heating medium to be near the desired temperature and a circulating mechanism for making the heating medium flow through the pipe body 10 are provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an indoor heating / cooling method and an indoor cooling / heating apparatus, and more particularly to an indoor cooling / heating method for laying a pipe on a floor and allowing a heat medium to flow through the pipe to cool or heat the room. And an indoor air conditioner.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 10 shows a floor heating system as a conventional example of a room heating system, in which a pipe for passing a heat medium is laid on the floor to heat the room. In the figure, 5 is a tubular body for passing a heat medium, 6 is a heat dissipation plate, and 7 is a floor material. Tube 5
The heat radiation plate 6 is attached to the upper side of, and the floor material 7 is attached on the heat radiation plate 6. Hot water of about 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. is passed through the pipe body 5 to dissipate heat from the heat dissipation plate 6 into the room for heating. The heat radiating plate 6 is provided so as to efficiently dissipate heat, and it is common to provide a heat insulating material 8 such as urethane foam on the lower surface side of the tubular body 5 so as to prevent the heat from being transferred. Depending on the device, there is a device in which a heat radiation unit in which the tubular body 5 and the heat radiation plate 6 are integrated is installed.

[0003]

Since the floor heating device heats the floor by heating it, the floor heating device has the advantage that it warms from the feet and is comfortable, and it does not pollute the indoor air. However, when heating a large area, There have been problems in terms of cost, such as increased facility costs for laying pipes and circulating a heat medium such as hot water, and fuel costs during operation. In addition, when heating a large area, there is a problem in that it takes time until the temperature of the heat medium rises, which makes it difficult to adjust the temperature of the room.

Further, in the case of the conventional floor heating system, the temperature is 50 ° C.
The room heating is not efficient in comparison with the temperature of the floor surface becomes high because it circulates the heat medium of a very high temperature of 60 ° C. When the temperature of the heat medium is raised, hot flashes are felt and uncomfortable. There was a problem that when the temperature was lowered, the room temperature dropped and it felt cold. The present invention solves the above problems in the conventional floor heating apparatus, performs floor heating by a completely different concept and apparatus configuration from the conventional heating method, and suppresses fuel consumption to achieve extremely efficient heating. It is an object of the present invention to provide an indoor cooling / heating method and an indoor cooling / heating apparatus which can obtain a more comfortable indoor environment than the conventional floor heating apparatus and can be applied to indoor cooling.

[0005]

The present invention has the following constitution in order to achieve the above object. That is, in a room heating / cooling method in which a pipe body for allowing a heat medium to flow is installed on the floor of the room and the room is cooled and heated to a desired temperature by causing the heat medium to flow through the pipe body, the heat medium is caused to flow. The pipe body is embedded and laid in a heat storage body that stores heat by suppressing heat dissipation from the pipe body, and a heat medium whose temperature is controlled to a temperature in the vicinity of the desired room temperature by a heat source mechanism in the pipe body is circulated. It is characterized in that the inside of the room is set to the desired temperature by flowing through. Further, the temperature of the heat medium whose temperature is controlled by the heat source mechanism is set within ± 5 ° C. with respect to the desired room temperature. Further, the flow of the heat medium is controlled so that the temperature difference between the temperature of the heat medium at the inlet side of the tube and the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet side of the tube is within ± 2 to 3 ° C. It is characterized by controlling speed and flow rate. Further, in cooling, it is effective in preventing dew condensation that the temperature difference of the heat medium between the inlet side and the outlet side is within 1 ° C.

[0006] Further, in a room heating / cooling device for installing and cooling a room to a desired temperature by installing a pipe body for allowing a heat medium to flow through on the floor of the room and for causing the heat medium to flow through the pipe body, A heat source mechanism for controlling the temperature of the heat medium to a temperature in the vicinity of the desired temperature, and the heat medium, by laying the flowable pipe body embedded in a heat storage body that stores heat by suppressing heat dissipation from the pipe body. And a circulation mechanism for allowing the fluid to flow therethrough. In addition, the heat storage body is 0.2 ~
Those having a thermal conductivity of 0.3 kcal / m ° C. are preferable. Further, as the heat storage material, cinder concrete formed by adding ceramic particles as a heat storage material to concrete material such as cement is effective, and as the heat storage material, spherical obsidian perlite material is particularly suitable. Further, by using a copper pipe as the pipe body, suitable cooling and heating becomes possible. Further, the heat source mechanism is a heating mechanism, and the heat source mechanism is a cooling mechanism. Also, a liquid is used as the heat medium, water is used as the liquid, and a mixed liquid obtained by adding an antifreeze liquid to water is used as the liquid.

[0007]

According to the indoor cooling and heating method and the indoor cooling and heating apparatus of the present invention, the heat medium heated or cooled by the heat source mechanism is caused to flow through the pipe to heat or cool the floor surface to perform cooling and heating. By setting the temperature of the heat medium flowing through the pipe body to a temperature close to a desired indoor heating temperature or indoor cooling temperature, preferably in the range of about -1 ° C to + 5 ° C, efficient cooling / heating is enabled. The heat storage body has a function of suppressing heat dissipation from the buried pipe body to store heat and a function of performing heat insulation to a certain extent. By setting the action of this heat storage body and the temperature of the heat medium to a desired indoor heating temperature or an indoor cooling temperature vicinity, it is possible to set the floor and the entire room to a substantially uniform temperature, and to efficiently perform the cooling and heating action by radiant heat. We will make it possible to perform comfortable heating or cooling to reduce running costs.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of an embodiment in which a floor heating system is configured as an application example of the indoor cooling and heating method and the indoor cooling and heating system according to the present invention. In the figure, 10 is a copper tube which is a tube body for passing water as a heat medium, 12 is a boiler,
14 is a pump for circulating water, 16 is a fuel tank,
Reference numeral 18 is a branching portion. These boiler 12, pump 14
And the like constitute a heat source mechanism and a circulation mechanism that heat water to flow through the copper pipe 10. The reason why the copper tube 10 is used as the tubular body in the examples is that the thermal conductivity from the tubular body is improved and the durability of the tubular body is taken into consideration. Of course, a tube made of a material other than copper can be used.

When the copper pipes 10 are laid on the floor, the plane arrangement is the same as that of the conventional floor heating device, and the copper pipes 10 are arranged in a meandering manner over the entire floor in the room to be heated. Copper tube 1
The circuit of 0 is a closed circuit between the boiler 12 and the pump 14. It is possible to perform control such that heating is switched for each room by switching the flow of water through the branch path 18. When a large room such as a factory is to be heated, it is preferable to divide it into a number of sections each having a predetermined area, and to provide a heat source mechanism and a circulation mechanism for each section so that they are heated separately.

FIG. 2 shows an actual state in which the copper pipe 10 is installed on the floor.
2 is fixed, and the copper pipe 10 is arranged in the middle of the adjacent joist 22. In the folded portion of the copper pipe 10, a copper pipe 10a bent in a semicircular shape as shown in the figure is used, which is connected to a straight pipe for communication.

There are 8 pipes used in the conventional floor heating system.
mm to 16 mm diameter, but the copper tube 1 used in this embodiment
0 has a diameter of about 28 mm to 50 mm. The reason for using such a large diameter copper pipe 10 in this embodiment is to increase the flow rate of water flowing through the pipe body as much as possible. In the apparatus of the embodiment, the copper pipe 10 having a diameter of about 28 mm was used, and the flow rate when circulating water was set to about 1.5 m / sec so that the reflux could be performed in about 1 minute. Since the time required for reflux depends on the pipe length, the pipe diameter and pipe length are set in consideration of flow velocity during construction.

The conventional floor heating system is based on the idea that a heating medium having a high temperature of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. is caused to flow little by little for heating. Therefore, the flow rate of the heat medium in the conventional apparatus is about 5 liters per minute, but in the floor heating apparatus of the embodiment, about 50 liters of water is flowed per minute. When the water tap is fully opened, the water output is 1
It is about 3 to 20 (liter / minute). In comparison with this, it can be seen that a large amount of water is circulated in this embodiment.
The reason why the large diameter copper pipe 10 is used is to allow a large amount of water to flow.

Further, as a result of increasing the diameter of the copper pipe 10, the volume of the entire pipe can be increased, and the amount of the heat medium stored in the pipe can be made much larger than the capacity of the conventional device. It is possible to circulate and use a large amount of heat medium. The large storage amount of the heat medium brings about an effect that the temperature change of the heat medium can be reduced in addition to the fact that the specific heat of the heat medium is large.

During piping construction, it is necessary to prevent the diameter of the pipe from changing at the connecting portion of the pipe body so that water can flow smoothly. When the flow rate is high, the flow of water is suppressed only by changing the diameter size at the connecting part of the pipe body, vortex flow and bubbles are generated and smooth water flow is disturbed, and the sound of water flow is generated and discomfort occurs. Is given. Therefore, when connecting the copper tube 10, as shown in FIG. 2, the connecting end of the receiving side copper tube 10 is slightly expanded so that the inner diameter does not change when the copper tube 10 is inserted and connected. Good to do. In addition,
It is also possible to butt the connection ends of the pipes of the same diameter and fit the socket on the outer periphery to connect.

When mounting a valve on the copper tube 10, it is preferable to select a valve having an inner diameter equal to that of the copper tube 10. In the apparatus of this embodiment, a large amount of water is circulated at a high speed, so when the valve is closed, a water hammer (shock) occurs, which gives a shock to the pipe body and causes the pipe body to deteriorate. Therefore, it is preferable to use a valve that does not cause such a water hammer when closed.

In the apparatus of the embodiment, the direction of the water flow by the pump 14 is the direction of the arrow. This flow direction is pump 14
The direction from which the water is circulated into the boiler 12 is from the pump 14, but the flow direction is such that once the water is circulated from the pump 14 into the storage tank of the boiler 12, the storage tank acts as a chamber and the sound when water circulates quietly. This is so that

In the construction of the floor heating system of the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, after the copper pipe 10 is installed by assembling the large pulling material 20 and the joist material 22, the cinder concrete is poured on the copper pipe 10 to make the copper. The pipe 10 is buried. In the conventional floor heating system, copper pipe 10
It is often the case that a heat sink is attached to facilitate heat dissipation, but in the embodiment, concrete is poured directly onto the copper pipe 10 without providing a heat sink. The reason for using cinder concrete as the concrete for burying the copper pipe 10 is to form a heat storage material having a heat storage function and a heat insulation function by using cinder concrete having a high heat insulating property.
The specific gravity of ordinary concrete is about 1.8 to 2.2, and the specific gravity of ordinary cinder concrete is about 1.2.
It is 1.0.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a state in which the copper pipe 10 is buried by pouring cinder concrete. Reference numeral 24 is a basic concrete portion formed of normal concrete, in which the copper pipe 10 is arranged on the drawing material 20 and the cinder concrete 2
It is hardened by 6. Cinder concrete 26
Has excellent heat insulating properties, the heat conduction from the copper tube 10 to the floor surface is suppressed and the heat does not escape from the copper tube 10. The cinder concrete 26 functions as a heat storage material. Since the cinder concrete 26 has a heat insulating function and a heat storing function as its important functions in this way, the construction thickness of the cinder concrete 26 must be set appropriately during construction. In the embodiment, the total thickness is 90 mm.

In the embodiment, the thickness of the cinder concrete 26 portion from the upper surface of the copper pipe 10 to the floor surface is 32 mm, and the total thickness of the cinder concrete 26 is 90 mm. The outer dimensions of the copper tube 10 are 28 mm, and the thickness of the large drawing material 20 or the pillow wood is 20 mm. The measurement results of the heating effect of the room, which will be described later, are for this design. If ordinary mortar concrete or ready-mixed concrete is used as the concrete in which the copper pipe 10 is buried, the heat dissipation from the copper pipe 10 is large in these cases, and a suitable heating effect cannot be obtained. This indicates that cinder concrete, which is characterized by heat storage and heat insulation, makes an important contribution in this example.

Cinder concrete is made by mixing ceramic granules as a heat storage material and kneading them. In the examples, the following composition was used as a suitable mixing ratio. Cement: 480 g, river sand: 165 kg (0.1 m ³ ),
Heat storage material: obsidian perlite 1000 liters, additive:
Waterproofing agent 18 liters, water cement ratio 60%, strength 100
The obsidian perlite used as the kg / cm ² heat storage material is formed into a granular body having a diameter of about 2 mm. Figure 4 shows a micrograph of obsidian perlite. In this example, spherical obsidian perlite was used as described above. Looking at the thermal conductivity,
Normal concrete has a thermal conductivity of 0.7-1.2 kcal / m
C., whereas the cinder concrete of the above example has a thermal conductivity of 0.2 to 0.3 kcal / m.degree. It is an important requirement in the present invention to use the heat storage material having a high heat insulating property.

After the cinder concrete 26 is poured and solidified on the copper pipe 10 as described above, the floor finishing material 28 is attached to complete the construction. Of course, a method of laying carpet, carpet, tatami mat, tile or the like instead of the floor finish material 28 is also possible. Since the cinder concrete 26 after curing is extremely dry and easily absorbs moisture, it is preferable to lay a plastic film 29 on the foundation. Only the copper pipe 10 is installed in the cinder concrete 26, and a dissimilar metal other than copper such as a heat sink is never buried. This is because when different kinds of metals are mixed, an electrolytic corrosion action occurs between different kinds of metals and the metals are attacked. If only the copper pipe 10 is embedded in the cinder concrete 26,
In addition to the weak alkaline nature of cement, copper is not corroded and durability can be improved.

The floor heating system of the present embodiment is characterized in that the copper pipe 10 is embedded in the cinder concrete 26 having a high heat insulating property as described above, but at the same time, the temperature of the water flowing through the copper pipe 10 is increased. Another major feature is that the temperature is set to be much lower than the temperature of hot water used in the conventional floor heating system. That is, as the warm water that is made to flow through the pipe in the conventional floor heating device, water heated to about 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. is used, but in the case of this embodiment, an average of 22 ° C. to 2 ° C.
Heat by flowing water at about 8 ° C.

The temperature of the water flowing in the pipe is appropriately set depending on the outside air temperature or the room temperature to be set, but suitable room heating is possible by the following temperature settings, for example.
When the outside air temperature is 10 ° C or higher, the water temperature is 23 ° C or lower, when the outside air temperature is 0 ° C or higher and 10 ° C or lower, the water temperature is 23 ° C to 25 ° C, and when the outside air temperature is -10 ° C to 0 ° C, the water temperature is 25 ° C or higher. 26
℃, outside temperature -15 ℃ -10 ℃ or less water temperature 2
6 to 28 degrees Celsius, water temperature 28 when outside temperature is -15 degrees Celsius or less
C-30C.

22 ° C. to 2 which is set as the water temperature in this embodiment
The temperature of 8 ° C. is a temperature that substantially matches the room temperature to be heated, and is basically the same as the conventional floor heating method in which a heat medium having a temperature much higher than the room temperature to be set is passed. Is different. In this way, it is possible to heat the room by simply passing low-temperature hot water so that heat is not dissipated unnecessarily from the heat medium by embedding the pipe body in the heat storage body such as cinder concrete as described above. This is because the circulation speed of the heat medium is increased to reduce the temperature drop of the heat medium during circulation, and the heat energy loss is reduced by setting the temperature of the heat medium to near room temperature. .

The observation results of the tube temperature, the outside air temperature, and the room temperature when the room is heated by using the floor heating apparatus having the above-mentioned structure will be shown below. In either case, the floor heating system is a boiler-12.
The pump 14 was operated continuously for 24 hours.

[Table 1]

[0026]

[Table 2]

[0027]

[Table 3]

[0028]

[Table 4]

In addition to the tube temperature of the copper tube 10, the above measured values indicate the temperature on the floor surface, the temperature at a height of 60 cm, 150 cm, 250 cm from the floor surface, and the outside air temperature at that time. 2 floor heating system
4 hours continuous operation, the temperature of water flowing in the copper pipe 10 is 21-22
It was set to about ℃. Characteristic points of these observations are
That is, even though the tube temperature is much lower than the temperature of the heat medium used in a general floor heating device, the room temperature is almost equal to the tube temperature. Compared with the conventional floor heating device in which hot water of about 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. is circulated, the heating device of the present embodiment is very characteristic.

Further, the floor heating device of this embodiment is characterized in that the temperature of the floor surface and the temperature of the room away from the floor surface are substantially uniform. That is, in the case of the heating method of this embodiment, the entire room warms up together with the floor surface. As you can see from the fact that the pipe temperature and the room temperature are almost the same, the pipe part, cinder concrete (heat storage body),
It is considered that the floor surface and the indoor space are in a temperature equilibrium state, and each of these portions has a function of equalizing the temperature with each other, thereby eliminating a temperature difference in the whole and thereby performing a heating function.

The room temperature slightly fluctuates due to changes in the outside air temperature, external light entering the room, and the like. The above measurement results also show a tendency that the indoor temperature rises during the time period when the outside air temperature rises during the day and the indoor temperature falls during the time period when the outside air temperature falls in the morning and evening. As described above, in the apparatus of the present embodiment, the effect of temperature equilibrium is exerted to make the temperature of the piping portion and the entire room uniform, so it is considered that there is a complementary effect that the temperature of the piping portion also increases when the indoor temperature rises. To be

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the indoor temperature with respect to the height from the floor surface of the conventional floor heating device and hot air heating device and the heating device of the above embodiment. Graph P shows the case where a conventional floor heating device is used. In this case, the temperature on the floor surface is high, whereas the temperature drops sharply when the floor surface is removed, and the temperature rises substantially in the height direction of the room. It shows that the temperature becomes constant. In the graph, the floor surface is about 30 ° C and the room temperature is 1
It is about 6 ° C.

The graph Q qualitatively shows the tendency of the above-mentioned measurement results in the heating device of the above-mentioned embodiment. In the case of the embodiment, the temperature of the floor surface and the temperature at a position apart from the floor surface are substantially the same, and there is no significant difference between the temperature of the floor surface and the room temperature as shown in the graph P. Graph R shows the case of a conventional hot air heating device, in which case the temperature rises as it rises from the floor surface, and there is a high temperature region near the ceiling in the room.

FIGS. 6 to 8 show measurement records obtained by continuously measuring the water temperature, the outside air temperature, and the room temperature in the floor heating system of the above embodiment. The experimental conditions are a total area of 54 tsubo and a boiler capacity of 3200 kc.
Al / H, kerosene consumption 4.3 liters / H, pump capacity 250 liters / minute, data for 3F of 2F, 3F, and 4F. The water temperature is the temperature A1 at the delivery portion to the conduit 10.
And the temperature A2 at the time of returning through the conduit 10 are measured, and the room temperature is measured near the ceiling (2.4 m from the floor surface).
Temperature B1), a temperature B2 1 m above the floor,
The temperature B3 of the floor surface was measured, and the outside air temperature C at that time was also measured. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the temperature of each part at that time.

The outside temperature C is relatively high in the daytime and low in the morning and evening. Since the measurement time is in winter, the outside temperature is below 10 ° C even during the day, and it drops to about -10 ° C in the morning and evening. The fact that the water temperatures A1 and A2 rise in places indicate that the boiler is igniting and heating at this time. As can be seen from the graph, the ignition interval of the boiler becomes shorter as the outside temperature decreases and becomes wider as the outside temperature rises. When the water temperature falls below 26 ° C, the boiler is ignited. The difference between the water temperature at the time of sending to the copper pipe 10 and the water temperature of the return when the boiler is not ignited is 1 ° C. or less, but when the boiler is ignited, it opens about 2 °. The slight shift in the peak position between the water temperature A1 and the water temperature A2 corresponds to the time difference until the water circulates and returns.

As for the room temperatures B1, B2 and B3, B1 (near the ceiling) is the highest, and B2 and B3 are lower in that order. However, the maximum temperature difference between them is about 3 ° C. Further, the difference between the indoor temperature and the water temperature increases when the outside air temperature is low, and when the outside air temperature rises, the indoor temperature B
It can be seen that 1, B2, B3 and the water temperatures A1, A2 are extremely close to each other. Further, the water temperatures A1 and A2 are maintained at a substantially constant temperature except when the boiler is ignited.
It can be seen that the indoor temperature rises as the outside air temperature rises and falls as the outside air temperature falls.
The indoor temperature fluctuates in this way because the boiler temperature setting is constant, and it is also possible to detect the fluctuation of the outside air temperature and conversely control the boiler temperature so that the indoor temperature becomes constant.

In the above graph, each time domain (T1 to T6)
The fuel consumption for each is also shown. 0.43 liters per hour for T1, 0.27 liters for T2, 1.52 liters for T3, 0.54 liters for T4, 0.2 for T5.
It is 9 liters and 0.17 liters for T6. Since the fuel consumption depends on the ignition time of the boiler, the amount of fuel consumed at night when the outside air temperature decreases and the ignition interval of the boiler becomes short increases.
The consumption of kerosene in the boiler used in the examples is 4.3 liters per hour when combustion is continued. In comparison with this, it can be seen that the device of the present embodiment can effectively reduce kerosene consumption.

As can be seen from the above measurement results, in the case of the floor heating system of this embodiment, the fuel consumption can be reduced to at least about 1/5 of that of the conventional example. This is 3 even in the case of heating water in the floor heating system of this embodiment.
This is because it is a low temperature of about 0 ° C. or less and the amount of heat required for heating water can be extremely small. When heating water with a boiler, the difference between room temperature and water temperature is 5 ° C to 7 ° C.
In the case of the degree, the difference in the fuel consumption amount does not appear so large, but when the temperature difference exceeds a certain temperature, the fuel consumption amount rapidly increases to double or triple.

Since the apparatus of this embodiment allows a large amount of water to flow therethrough as compared with the conventional floor heating apparatus, it is preferable to continuously operate it for 24 hours during use so that the water temperature does not change throughout the day. Even in such continuous operation, the boiler burns only intermittently, so fuel is not wasted. Further, the pump power for circulating the water is also small after the circulation is started once, and the running cost is much lower than that of the conventional floor heating device.

The floor heating apparatus of this embodiment is characterized in that the temperature difference between the floor temperature and the room temperature is set to be extremely small to heat the floor heating apparatus as described above. That is, in the conventional floor heating device, the temperature of the heat medium is 50 ° C. to 60 ° C., the floor temperature is 30 ° C., and the room temperature is about 18 ° C., whereas in the case of this embodiment, the temperature of the heat medium is 25 ° C. Floor temperature and room temperature are 20 ℃ to 25 ℃
℃. Thus, as a result of lowering the hot water temperature to a temperature close to the room heating temperature for heating, the indoor space during heating can be made extremely comfortable. That is, in the conventional floor heating apparatus, when the outside air temperature is low, as a result of raising the hot water temperature to perform heating, there may be a hot sensation in the room, but in the floor heating apparatus of the present embodiment, such a hot sensation There is always a refreshing environment.

Heating is carried out by three types of heat transfer modes of conduction, convection and radiation. Convective heating occurs when the indoor temperature difference is large, and radiant heating strongly appears when the indoor temperature difference is small. In convection heating, body heat is taken from the skin surface by convection, so it feels cold unless the room temperature is raised,
The warmed air rises and heats only the area near the ceiling. As a result, efficient heating is not achieved despite the relatively large heat energy provided.

Floor heating is to heat the floor by both convection and radiation. In normal floor heating, it is said that convection contributes 40% and radiation contributes about 60%. Heat dissipation due to convection q _c [W / m
² ], the heat radiation amount q _r [W / m ² ] due to radiation is expressed by the following equation. _{q c = 2.17 (t f -} t r) 1.31: t f (℃), t r (℃) q r = 5.0 {(t f / 100) 4 - (UMRT / 100) 4}: t f (K) in t _r (K) here, t _f bed temperature, the t _r rt, UMRT is heated plane average radiation temperature. The above equation shows that when the floor temperature and the room temperature are different, the contribution of heat radiation by convection is large, and when the floor temperature and the room temperature are close, the contribution of radiation is large.

From the above equation of q _c , the heat radiation amount by convection is t _f
And Comparing Become extent by the temperature difference between t _r, the temperature difference between t _f and t _r is 1 in the case of 20 ° C.
0.4 when the temperature difference between t _f and t _r is 10 ℃, t _f and t
If the temperature difference of _r is 5 ° C. 0.16, when the temperature difference t _f and t _r is 2 ℃ of 0.05. That is, when the temperature difference between the floor temperature and the room temperature is about 2 ° C., the heat radiation amount by convection is reduced to about 1/20 of the case where the temperature difference is about 20 ° C.

In the case of the floor heating method of the present embodiment, considering that the difference between the floor temperature and the room temperature is within about 2 ° C. to 3 ° C. as described above, the case of the floor heating method of the present embodiment It is considered that the contribution of radiant heating as a function of indoor heating is far greater than that of conventional floor heating methods. The reason why the radiant heating is made efficient is that the water that is not so different from the heating temperature in the room is made to flow as the heat medium flowing through the pipe to enable efficient heating. It is also considered that the reason why the indoor space is obtained as a very comfortable environment is that it is heated by the action of this radiant heating (far infrared rays). It is also considered that the use of a ceramic granular material such as obsidian perlite as the heat storage material has an effect of increasing the radiation efficiency of far infrared rays.

In the above embodiment, since water is continuously circulated and used, it is possible to prevent freezing with only water even in the winter period and to perform suitable floor heating. Of course, a heat medium other than water or water and other liquid such as antifreeze may be mixed and used. Also, the heat medium is not limited to only liquid,
Depending on the case, it is also possible to use gas such as air. Further, in the above embodiment, the cinder concrete was cast on the copper pipe 10 to a required thickness to form a heat storage body, but the material is not limited to the cinder concrete as long as it has the same thermal conductivity as the cinder concrete. An appropriate material can be used. Further, obsidian perlite used in the examples is spherical and is likely to contain bubbles inside the heat storage body and is considered to contribute favorably to the heat insulating property of the heat storage body, but use ceramic granules other than obsidian perlite. Is also possible. Also, in actual construction, it is possible to form a unit of a certain size by laying pipes in the heat storage material in advance and assemble the floor heating system by connecting these units at the construction site. is there.

In the above embodiment, the floor heating system is explained as an example of the indoor cooling and heating system. However, if attention is paid to the action of the copper pipe 10 and the heat storage material, the configuration of the above embodiment is directly applied to indoor cooling. It is possible to That is, it is possible to use it for indoor cooling by passing cold water through the copper pipe 10. FIG. 9 shows another configuration example of the indoor air conditioner. The arrangement of the copper tube 10, the boiler 12, the pump 14, etc. is the same as that of the example shown in FIG. Reference numerals 30 and 32 are a forward header and a return header for controlling branching of the flow path. Reference numeral 34 is a makeup water device, and 36 is a closed expansion tank. 38 is a cooling tower for cooling water, and 40 is a pump.

As for the design of the cooling tower and the like in these devices, if the installation area is 330 m ² , the flow rate of the heat medium is 50 liters / minute, 12 circuits are set, and the temperature difference between the room temperature and the heat medium is 5 ° C., 50 (l / min) × 12 circuits × 60 minutes × 5 ° C./3900 RT≈46.15 Therefore, a cooling tower having a capacity of about 46 refrigeration tons may be used. Use a pump with a maximum flow rate of 600 l / min.

By circulating the water cooled by the cooling tower 38 in this way, the room can be effectively cooled. Also in the case of indoor cooling, water having a temperature lower by about 5 ° C. than the indoor cooling temperature is circulated as in the above embodiment. In this case, since the heat storage body also functions as a heat insulating material, even if the temperature difference between the outside air temperature and the water temperature is 7 ° C. or more, no condensation occurs, which is preferable. During cooling, it is preferable that the difference between the temperature at the inlet of the pipe and the temperature at the return is as small as possible within about 1 ° C. By reducing the temperature difference in this way, dew condensation can be prevented.

Although each of the above embodiments is an example of application of the indoor cooling and heating method, the cooling and heating method according to the present application can control the temperature of the heat source on the heating side or the cooling side as much as possible with respect to the desired indoor temperature when heating and cooling the room or the like. It is based on the idea of setting the temperature close to the room temperature and heating and cooling. The air-conditioning method of this concept is characterized by being the most efficient air-conditioning system in terms of heat energy. The idea of such a heating / cooling method is not limited to the above-described indoor heating / cooling, and can be similarly applied to other fields that utilize thermal energy such as snow melting of roads and roofs of buildings. This makes it possible to use heat more efficiently than the conventional method.

[0050]

According to the indoor cooling and heating method and the indoor cooling and heating apparatus of the present invention, as described above, the temperature of the heat medium is set to the indoor heating temperature or the temperature near the indoor cooling temperature and circulated in the pipe body. As a result, extremely efficient cooling and heating can be achieved, and the running cost of the cooling and heating device can be reduced, and a comfortable indoor environment can be obtained. Further, it is structurally simple, and construction is easy, and it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a failure, and so on.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an overall configuration of a floor heating system as an embodiment of an indoor cooling and heating system.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of constructing a copper pipe.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which cinder concrete is placed.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a fine structure of obsidian pearlite used as a heat storage material.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a temperature distribution inside a room during heating.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing measurement results of water temperature, room temperature and the like when the floor heating device of the example is used.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing measurement results of water temperature, room temperature and the like when the floor heating device of the example is used.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing measurement results of water temperature, room temperature and the like when the floor heating device of the example is used.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of an indoor air conditioner.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of piping in a floor portion of a conventional floor heating device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 Copper Pipe 6 Heat Radiating Plate 10 Copper Pipe 12 Boiler 14 Pump 16 Fuel Tank 20 Daiki Material 22 Joist Material 26 Cinder Concrete 28 Floor Material 29 Plastic Film 34 Make-up Water Supply Device 38 Cooling Tower

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. An indoor cooling / heating method for cooling / heating a room to a desired temperature by installing a pipe body for allowing a heat medium to flow therethrough on a floor in a room, and allowing the heat medium to flow through the pipe body. The pipe body to be circulated is embedded and laid in a heat storage body that stores heat by suppressing heat dissipation from the pipe body, and a heat medium whose temperature is controlled to a temperature near the desired indoor temperature by a heat source mechanism in the pipe body. A room temperature adjusting method, wherein the room temperature is set to the desired temperature by circulating the air through a circulation mechanism. 2. The indoor cooling and heating method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heat medium whose temperature is controlled by the heat source mechanism is set within ± 5 ° C. with respect to the desired indoor temperature. 3. The heat medium such that the temperature difference between the heat medium on the inlet side of the tube and the temperature of the heat medium on the outlet side passing through the tube is within ± 2 to 3 ° C. The indoor cooling and heating method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flow rate and the flow rate of the air are controlled. 4. The indoor cooling and heating method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature difference between the heating medium on the inlet side and the outlet side is 1 ° C. or less during cooling. 5. An indoor cooling and heating apparatus for cooling and heating an interior of a room to a desired temperature by installing a pipe body for allowing a heat medium to flow therethrough on an indoor floor and allowing the heat medium to flow through the pipe body. A heat source mechanism and a heat medium for laying a pipe to be flowed therein so as to be embedded in a heat storage body that stores heat by suppressing the dissipation of heat from the pipe, and that controls the temperature of the heat medium to a temperature near the desired temperature. An indoor cooling and heating device, characterized in that a circulation mechanism for allowing the above to flow through the pipe is provided. 6. The heat storage material is 0.2 to 0.3 kcal / m ° C.
The indoor cooling and heating device according to claim 5, wherein the indoor cooling and heating device has the following thermal conductivity. 7. The indoor cooling and heating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the heat storage body is cinder concrete made by adding ceramic particles as a heat storage material to a concrete material such as cement. 8. The indoor air conditioner according to claim 7, wherein the heat storage material is a spherical obsidian perlite material. 9. The indoor cooling and heating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a copper pipe is used as the pipe body. 10. The indoor heating device according to claim 5, wherein the heat source mechanism is a heating mechanism. 11. The indoor cooling and heating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the heat source mechanism is a cooling mechanism. 12. A liquid is used as the heat medium, wherein the liquid is used as a heat medium.
The indoor cooling and heating device according to 1. 13. The indoor cooling and heating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein water is used as the liquid. 14. The indoor cooling and heating apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a mixed liquid obtained by adding an antifreeze liquid to water is used as the liquid.