JPH0875128A - Microwave incineration method and related technology - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To prevent the evaporation of microwaves from being delayed due to the liquid flowing from the incinerator and evaporated / condensed by microwaves to accumulate in the lower part of the processing chamber. It is possible to ignite and / or burn the material to be incinerated with high safety and reliability without increasing the size of the device, and it is possible to quickly perform reignition or reburning. [Structure] A microwave-exciting liquid-absorbing refractory material 21 is provided on almost the entire bottom surface of the processing chamber 10. A heating element 23 formed of a heating wire is arranged almost evenly around the outside of the steel plate forming the inner peripheral wall of the inner wall of the processing chamber 10. The plasma torch 36 is installed in the rear portion of the lower end of the processing chamber 10. In the processing chamber 10, a microwave irradiator 40 for irradiating the incinerator and the absorbent refractory material 21 with microwaves is provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a microwave incineration method, an incinerator, and a liquid-absorbent refractory material for incinerating various wastes in various fields including medical wastes, food wastes and the like. Regarding

[0002]

Prior Art and Problems to be Solved
In the incinerator disclosed in No. 64020, in the primary combustion chamber, an incineration object containing a relatively large amount of liquid such as water is dried by microwave irradiation for easy combustion, and then the incineration object is efficiently incinerated. can do. Combustion with microwaves is performed by generating heat from the inside of the incinerated material.
It is also effective for heating the residual liquid in the container, for example, the residual liquid in the glass container used for blood test and urine test, and that it can be efficiently incinerated as it is if it is an incinerated material after easy burning. As a result, it is not necessary to increase the heat-exposed area of the incinerated material or to stir the heat-treated material in order to improve the heat-receiving efficiency. Therefore, it can be easily and safely incinerated by installing it near each site where waste is generated, and it can be used from the general environment for environmental hygiene preservation such as medical waste and various biochemical wastes during pharmaceutical research and manufacturing. It is possible to quickly and appropriately dispose of wastes that should be completely isolated and stored, and food-related wastes that are highly perishable and have a bad odor, without any delay.

As described above, in general, when an incinerator containing a relatively large amount of liquid such as water is irradiated with microwaves in the processing chamber such as the primary combustion chamber, the liquid contained in the incinerator is removed. As a whole, it is possible to rapidly evaporate and to efficiently and promptly perform processing such as drying of an incineration object and easy combustion by thermal decomposition. However, it has been found that when the incinerator is irradiated with microwaves in the processing chamber, the incineration may take an unexpectedly long time to dry or thermally decompose. And the cause is that when the contained liquid flowing down from the incineration object and the liquid flowing down by evaporating from the incineration object by microwaves and forming dew on the inside of the processing chamber, accumulates in the lower part of the processing chamber. It was found that even if the liquid such as the above heats up due to microwaves, the heat is taken away through the inner surface of the processing chamber, which delays the evaporation of the liquid. In particular, when the inner surface of the processing chamber is formed of a metal material such as a steel plate, which is a material having sufficient heat resistance and high microwave reflectance in order to increase the heating efficiency by microwaves, the metal material has high thermal conductivity. Therefore, the above-mentioned harmful effects due to the delay of liquid evaporation are likely to be exhibited.

In the conventional waste incinerator, the heat source for ignition, auxiliary combustion, etc. of the incinerated material is the combustion heat of burners of oils and fats such as heavy oil or combustible gases such as LPG, and the It was generally the heat of combustion of the treated waste itself. Such ignition and auxiliary combustion are performed by closing openings other than the exhaust port and the like. Occasionally, paper scraps and wood scraps that were incinerated were ignited directly by opening the ignition port with a gas lighter or a match, but the combustible gas volatilized from the incinerated materials was accumulated in the incinerator. Explosive combustion could occur, endangering the igniter.
When the substance to be incinerated is loaded into the closed incineration chamber, the space inside the incineration chamber becomes further narrowed. Therefore, especially when trying to ignite the above-mentioned flame from below or from the side of the incineration object, the flame from the burner, which is also called the pilot fire before ignition, becomes unstable, and the incineration object often occurs. Sometimes did not lead to ignition. In addition, even if once ignited and the air supply is started, it often happens that the combustion does not reach stable combustion, and in that case, in the same manner, in particular, from below or from the side of the incineration object, as described above. Even if the auxiliary combustion is performed by the flame, both the flame of the auxiliary combustion burner and the combustion flame of the incineration object tend to be unstable.

When a misfire of a fuel burner occurs, a fuel feed stop operation by automatic control of a gas burner or an oil burner which is generally used has a delay of about 0.5 to 2 seconds after the misfire. During that time, unburned fuel continues to be released into the room, and particularly in the case of a small furnace having a small volume in the incinerator chamber, flammable gas or liquid is likely to accumulate in the incinerator chamber in an easily combustible state (oil gas, etc.). Since there is a danger of explosion if the burner is restarted after a short time, it has been one of the factors that prolongs the overall processing time by hindering the quick restart.

On the other hand, unstable flame combustion of the incineration object, that is, misfire (flame disappearance / flameless combustion) and re-flame combustion (flame combustion)
However, when the flameless combustion shifts to the flammable combustion, the combustible gas generated by the flameless combustion is ignited, which causes an explosive phenomenon. Uncertainty of ignition (ignition) and the cause of unstable auxiliary combustion are due to the inability to secure a combustion space necessary for flame combustion in the incinerator, that is, the flame combustion space easily falls within the quenching distance (quenching distance). It has been required to make the combustion space complicated by the incinerated substances and to easily accumulate the combustion waste gas, and to generate and accumulate the extinguishing gas such as steam and hydrogen chloride gas at low temperature. As a solution to these problems, the ratio of the volume of the incineration object to be loaded to the volume of the incineration chamber is made small to make the flame combustion space large, and a combustion chamber for the ignition burner is separately provided to prevent burner combustion. Stabilization, increasing the cross-sectional area of the exhaust duct, and installing an exhaust gas induction blower prevent the accumulation of combustible gas and extinguishable gas.

[0007] However, as a result, the volume of the entire apparatus is increased, the equipment of various devices is increased, and the equipment cost accompanying the increase is brought about. In addition, not only in a relatively small furnace but also in a relatively large furnace, if the incinerator is loaded with incineration objects, fuel gas or pyrolysis gas of Since combustible gases, etc. are accumulated, it is difficult to completely purge (displace and release) them with air, etc. Even with the above solution, the instability factor of flame combustion is fundamentally eliminated. I couldn't say that it was done. In particular, in the case of an apparatus that incinerates an incineration object by microwaves and then incinerates it, it is configured as a relatively small apparatus used in places where the installation space at medical sites is limited and specialized workers are lacking. Since the above phenomenon is likely to occur, there is a great need for improvement in order to ensure safety while avoiding an increase in size of the device and to enable reliable incineration.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems existing in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to contain a liquid contained in an incineration object stored in a processing chamber and an object to be incinerated. Microwave-based incineration method and incineration that prevent evaporation of microwaves from incineration by microwaves and condensation on the inside of the processing chamber to prevent the liquid that flows down from being accumulated in the lower part of the processing chamber and delaying evaporation of the liquid by microwaves An object is to provide a device and a liquid-absorbent refractory material. In addition to this, the present invention reduces the volume ratio of the incineration object to be loaded, or separately provides a combustion chamber for the ignition burner,
Ignition and / or auxiliary combustion can be performed with high safety and reliability, and re-ignition and re-combustion can be performed without increasing the cross-sectional area of the exhaust duct or installing an exhaust gas induction blower. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a microwave incineration method and an incinerator that can rapidly perform the above.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the incineration method of the present invention stores an object to be incinerated in a processing chamber in which a microwave exothermic liquid-absorbing refractory material is arranged in a lower portion. By irradiating the process and the incinerator and the absorbent refractory material in the processing chamber with microwaves, the liquid contained in the incinerator is evaporated and the contained liquid and incinerator that have flowed down from the incinerator are evaporated. Then, the liquid that has flowed down due to dew condensation inside the processing chamber is absorbed by the absorbent refractory material, and the heat generated by the absorbent refractory material due to microwaves causes the temperature rise and evaporation of the liquid absorbed by the absorbent refractory material. And the process of promoting. Further, another incineration method of the present invention includes a step of accommodating an object to be incinerated in a processing chamber in which a heating element is provided on an inner wall portion, and irradiating the object to be incinerated in the processing chamber with microwaves while heating the heating element. This prevents evaporation of the incineration object on the inner surface of the processing chamber and promotes evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber, while evaporating the liquid contained in the incineration object.

Further, in the incineration method of the present invention, the incinerator in the processing chamber is dried and / or pyrolyzed by the irradiation of the microwave from the microwave irradiator, and the incineration of the incinerated material progresses. Then, it may have a process of burning the incineration object in the processing chamber. Furthermore,
In the incineration method of the present invention, it is preferable that the incineration object is burned in the processing chamber by ejecting plasma of an incombustible gas to the incineration object to perform ignition and / or auxiliary combustion. Next, the incinerator according to the present invention is provided with a microwave exothermic liquid-absorbent refractory material in the lower portion, and a microwave for irradiating the incinerator and the liquid-absorbent refractory material to be accommodated with microwaves. A processing chamber including an irradiation unit is provided.

Further, another incinerator of the present invention is a heat generating device for preventing evaporation of an incineration object from condensing on the inner surface of the processing chamber on the inner wall of the processing chamber and promoting evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber. A body is provided, and a treatment chamber including a microwave irradiator for irradiating a contained material to be incinerated with a microwave is provided. Moreover, the incinerator of the present invention may have a first combustion means for incinerating the incineration object in the processing chamber. Further, in the incinerator of the present invention, the first combustion means may be plasma injection supply means capable of ejecting plasma of an incombustible gas for igniting and / or supporting combustion of the incineration object to the incineration object. preferable. Further, the liquid-absorbent refractory material of the present invention is disposed in the lower part of the processing chamber having a microwave irradiation part, absorbs the liquid contained in the incineration object accommodated in the processing chamber, and generates heat by microwaves. Shall be used to accelerate the temperature rise and evaporation of the absorbed liquid.

Further, the liquid-absorptive refractory material of the present invention may be one in which microwave-exothermic powder particles are dispersed and held almost evenly in the liquid-absorptive refractory material.

[0013]

In the case of the method according to claim 1 and the incinerator according to claim 8, the inside of the processing chamber in which a liquid absorbing refractory material having a microwave exothermic property, that is, which generates heat by receiving microwaves When the incinerator and the liquid-absorbent refractory material in the processing chamber are irradiated with microwaves when the incinerator is stored, the incinerator in the processing chamber generates heat from the inside, and the moisture, alcohol, and other liquids contained in the incinerator efficiently evaporate. At the same time, thermal decomposition of the incineration object can be caused. Unlike the one by surface heating, it does not require agitation or the like for expanding the heated area of the incineration object and improving the heating efficiency, and is also effective for heating the residual liquid in the glass container. A considerable portion of the contained liquid that has flowed down from the incinerated material and the liquid that has flowed down due to condensation from the incinerated material on the inside of the processing chamber is absorbed by the liquid-absorbent refractory material installed in the lower part of the processing chamber. . The absorbed liquid is effectively prevented from coming into direct contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber, the degree of heat removal through the inner surface of the processing chamber is greatly reduced, and not only is it directly heated by microwaves,
Since the liquid-absorbent refractory material is also heated by the heat generated by the microwave, the temperature of the liquid absorbed by the liquid-absorbent refractory material is efficiently raised and evaporated. Therefore, the liquid contained in the incineration object stored in the processing chamber can be quickly evaporated as a whole.

In the case of the method of claim 2 and the incinerator of claim 9, the object to be incinerated is accommodated in the processing chamber, and the object to be incinerated in the processing chamber is subjected to microwaves while causing the heating element mounted on the inner wall to generate heat. When the irradiation is performed, the heat generated by the heating element prevents the evaporation of the incineration object from condensing on the inner surface of the processing chamber and promotes the evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber. The liquid contained therein may evaporate, causing thermal decomposition of the incineration object. The evaporation from the incineration object is prevented from being condensed on the inner surface of the processing chamber and the evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber is promoted. Therefore, heat is taken through the inner surface of the processing chamber when the liquid is evaporated by the microwave. This is effectively prevented, and the liquid contained in the incineration object stored in the processing chamber can be quickly evaporated as a whole.

In the case of the method of claim 3 and the incinerator of claim 10, the evaporation of the incineration object is prevented from condensing on the inner surface of the processing chamber, and the evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber is promoted. , It is possible to more effectively prevent heat from being taken away through the inner surface of the processing chamber when the liquid is evaporated by the microwave, and the liquid contained in the incineration object stored in the processing chamber is evaporated more quickly as a whole. Can be made. In the case of the method of claim 4 (incinerator of claim 11),
It is possible to efficiently incinerate the incineration object that is easily combusted by the irradiation of microwaves (by the first combustion means) in a short time.

The method of claim 5 (incinerator of claim 12)
In the case of, the treatment room becomes narrow due to the accommodation of incinerated materials,
If a burner that uses a liquid fuel such as oil or a gas fuel such as LPG is used, even if the combustion space required for flame combustion cannot be ensured, the injection supply of noncombustible gas plasma is not hindered. Since the plasma does not exist, the amount of heat required for ignition and auxiliary combustion can be reliably supplied to the incineration object. Ignition and combustion like this
Since it can be done by closing the openings other than the exhaust port,
It goes without saying that endangering the igniter is prevented. Since an incombustible gas is used, the device that ejects plasma (injection supply means) may malfunction, or the supply of energy such as electric power necessary for its operation may stop due to a power failure, etc. There is no problem in safety even if the non-combustible gas is directly fed into the processing chamber due to the absence of the gas or destabilization of the plasma due to various causes. Therefore, reignition when the incineration object fails to ignite and auxiliary combustion when the incineration object extinguishes after ignition can be performed immediately or in a timely manner. Therefore, the incineration work can be performed reliably and without wasting time.

In the case of the method of claim 6, the fact that the incineration of the incineration object progresses due to the irradiation of microwaves indicates that the temperature in the processing chamber (for example, the temperature of the gas in the processing chamber or the temperature of the incineration object), Concentration of predetermined gas in the room, temperature in gases discharged from the processing chamber, concentration of predetermined gas in gases discharged from the processing chamber, or microwave irradiation amount (for example, irradiation time or power consumption due to irradiation) , Or the combination of two or more of these temperature, concentration, and irradiation dose can be determined with high reliability, so that the incineration of the easily combustible material can be performed reliably and in a short time. Can be incinerated efficiently. Further, in the case of the incinerator according to claim 13, a measurement value (temperature, concentration, irradiation amount, or a combination of two or more thereof, which is measured by the measuring means that the incineration of the incineration object has progressed by the irradiation of microwaves. ), The control means automatically actuates the first combustion means, so that the incineration material that has become easily combusted is automatically and reliably and efficiently in a short time. Well incinerated.

The method of claim 7 (incinerator of claim 14)
In the case of, the gases generated by evaporation and pyrolysis due to microwave irradiation and / or combustion waste gas generated by the combustion of the incineration material, so-called smoke such as unburned carbon, etc. are discharged from the processing chamber. And is incinerated (by the second combustion means). When the liquid-absorbent refractory material according to claim 15 is used by being installed in a processing chamber having a microwave irradiating section, the contained liquid flowing down from the material to be incinerated or the microwave is heated to evaporate from the material to be incinerated and the inner surface of the processing chamber. A considerable part of the liquid that has flowed down due to dew condensation is absorbed by the liquid-absorbent refractory material. The absorbed liquid is effectively prevented from coming into direct contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber, the degree of heat removal through the inner surface of the processing chamber is greatly reduced, and the liquid is not only directly heated by the microwave but also the microwave. Since the liquid-absorbent refractory material is also heated by the heat generated by the liquid-absorbent refractory material, the temperature of the liquid absorbed by the liquid-absorbent refractory material is efficiently increased and vaporized. Therefore, the liquid contained in the incineration object stored in the processing chamber can be quickly evaporated as a whole.

The liquid-absorptive refractory material of claim 16 is capable of absorbing a liquid, and since the microwave exothermic powdery granules dispersed and retained in the refractory material generate heat by receiving microwaves. The liquid-absorbent refractory material generates heat overall. Therefore, the liquid absorbed by the refractory material is heated not only by the microwave directly but also by the heat generated by the liquid-absorbent refractory material itself by the microwave.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show one embodiment of the microwave incinerator of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view. A front view of the incinerator main body A is shown in the upper part, and a plan view thereof is shown in the lower part. FIG. 2 is a right side view of the incinerator body A. Reference numeral 10 denotes a substantially cylindrical processing chamber in which the outer shell and the inner wall are formed of steel plates, and the gap between the two is filled with a heat-resistant heat insulating material. Reference numeral 12 denotes a substantially cylindrical gas incinerator having an outer shell made of a steel plate and an inner wall lined with a refractory material, which is disposed above the processing chamber 10. Reference numeral 14 denotes a substantially cylindrical exhaust pipe (an example of exhaust means) in which the outer shell is a steel plate and the inner wall is lined with a refractory material.

The lower end of the exhaust pipe 14 is opened to the upper end of the gas incinerator 12, and the upper end of the exhaust pipe 14 is opened upward. Reference numeral 16 denotes a processing chamber for discharging gases generated by evaporation and thermal decomposition in the processing chamber 10 and / or combustion waste gas generated by combustion of an incineration object, gases such as so-called smoke such as unburned carbon. 10 is an outlet provided at the upper front end. Reference numeral 18 denotes an inlet for introducing gases into the gas incinerator 12 and the gas incinerator 12
Is provided on the side of the lower end of the. Reference numeral 20 denotes a gas supply duct (an example of communication means) in which the outer shell is a steel plate and the inner wall is lined with a refractory material. The gas supply duct 20 is provided over the discharge port 16 and the introduction port 18 and introduces gas from the processing chamber 10 to the gas incinerator 12. The above processing chamber 10, gas incinerator 12,
The exhaust stack 14 and the gas supply duct 20 mainly constitute the incinerator main body A. Reference numeral 21 denotes a liquid-absorbing refractory material having a microwave heat generating property (heat is generated by receiving microwaves), which is provided over almost the entire bottom surface of the lower portion of the processing chamber 10.

Examples of the liquid-absorbent refractory material having microwave heat generation include cotton-like material or fire-resistant material such as alumina fiber, alumina-silica fiber, silica fiber, quartz fiber, potassium hexatitanate fiber and the like. In non-woven materials and spongy materials such as sponge materials made of refractory materials,
Microwave-generating particles, preferably powder particles with high dielectric loss (that is, heat generation efficiency by microwaves) and excellent heat resistance (eg, carbon particles, silicon carbide particles) are almost evenly distributed and held. You can list things that are done.
Such a microwave-exciting liquid-absorbent refractory material may be provided at a desired position by forming it into a desired shape and thickness such as a bottom shape in the processing chamber 10 by cutting or the like. it can. Among the carbon powders, carbon black and graphite are particularly preferable. These are flame-retardant materials having an ignition and combustion temperature of about 800 ° C. in the atmosphere, and have no sparks due to microwaves, and have excellent durability.

As an example of a method in which microwave-exothermic powder particles such as carbon powder particles and silicon carbide powder particles are almost evenly dispersed and held in a refractory material having a liquid absorbing property, water glass and aluminum phosphate are used. A liquid adhesive that exhibits a highly fire-resistant adhesive function when dried and solidified, such as a water dilution, is prepared by uniformly suspending microwave-exothermic powder and granules. A method may be mentioned in which the microwave exothermic powder is adhered in a state in which it is almost evenly dispersed in the refractory material by dipping and pulling and then drying and solidifying the liquid adhesive. An operation control panel 22 includes a power distribution device that receives power and distributes power to each device and device, a control device that controls each device and device, and an operation device that operates each device and device. The wiring is not shown. Of the inner wall portion of the processing chamber 10, a heating element 23 formed of a heating wire is arranged almost evenly around the outside of the steel plate forming the inner peripheral wall. Of course, it may also be provided on the inner top wall and the inner bottom wall. As the heating element 23, for example, a heating wire such as a nickel chrome wire, a sheathed heater in which the heating wire is insulated and placed in a metal tube, or a non-metallic heating element made of silicon carbide or the like can be appropriately selected and used. The start and end of power supply to the heating element 23 are electrically controlled by the control device of the operation control panel 22.

Reference numeral 24 denotes an insertion port for inserting an incineration material into the processing chamber 10, which is provided at the upper rear end of the processing chamber 10. Reference numeral 26 denotes an openable / closable lid for closing the insertion port 24, and includes a clamp device 28. Three
Reference numeral 0 denotes a residue discharge port for discharging the residue after incineration, which is provided on the front side of the lower end of the processing chamber 10. 32
Is a lid that can be opened and closed to close the residue discharge port 30 and includes a clamp device (not shown). Three
Reference numeral 6 denotes a plasma torch (an example of a first combustion means) arranged at the rear portion of the lower end of the processing chamber 10. Plasma torch 36
Is an internal arc generating type (non-transfer type) in which air is made into plasma by an arc between electrodes and jetted, and the shape is a torch shape. The plasma torch 36 injects air plasma 38 (an example of plasma of noncombustible gas) having a temperature of 1500 ° C. at the tip of plasma, thereby igniting the incineration object. The plasma torch 36
For example, those having a rated load voltage and a rated output current of 120 V and 30 A, respectively, can be used.

Examples of suitable nonflammable gas plasmas include:
In addition to air plasma, air and carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide)
In addition to the plasma of the mixture, the carbon dioxide gas plasma, the argon gas plasma, the plasma of an inert gas other than the argon gas, and the like can be given. The position suitable for disposing the plasma torch is the ignition (ignition) of the relevant incineration object stored in the processing chamber due to the heat of the jet plasma.
This is the position where the temperature or the auxiliary combustion temperature is reached and the ignition or auxiliary combustion can be performed, and the heat transfer from the plasma torch is the most efficient and does not hinder the exhaust. Of course, the conventional fuel combustion burner may be arranged at the position. Particularly effective is the case where the plasma from the plasma torch is jetted into the processing chamber from below and / or the side of the processing chamber, but the plasma torch which jets the plasma into the processing chamber from above the processing chamber. May be used.

The capacity, quantity, installation position, etc. of the plasma torches to be installed are arbitrarily selected depending on the capacity and shape of the processing chamber. For example, when the processing chamber has a capacity of 50 liters, it may be provided at one position on the lower end of the side wall as shown in the drawing, or one plasma torch may be provided so as to face each other. Needless to say, when it is necessary to process the incineration object in a short time, it can be dealt with by selecting one having a large plasma thermal energy output or increasing the number of plasma torches according to the target time. When the non-combustible gas is an oxygen-containing gas and the plasma injection supply means is capable of ejecting the non-combustible gas that is not in the plasma state after stopping the ejection of the plasma of the non-combustible gas, After igniting the incinerator by heat and stopping the ejection of plasma, if an incombustible gas that is not in the plasma state is ejected, the oxygen-containing gas is accurately supplied to the ignited combustion part of the ignited incinerator. Can promote combustion.

The start and end of the plasma jet or the air jet in the plasma torch 36 are electrically controlled by the control device of the operation control panel 22. If the volume of the entire device for preventing uncertainties in ignition (ignition) and unstable auxiliary combustion is increased, the equipment of various devices is increased, and the equipment cost is increased accordingly, the first combustion means It is also possible to employ other known combustion means such as a gas burner or an oil burner. Reference numeral 40 denotes a microwave irradiator for irradiating the incinerator and the absorbent refractory material 21 housed in the processing chamber 10 with microwaves. In order to irradiate the entire incineration object and the liquid-absorbent refractory material 21, the microwave irradiator 40, as shown in the front view of the incinerator body A in the upper part of FIG. As shown in the plan view of the incinerator body A in the lower part of FIG. 1, the microwave irradiating parts 40 are provided at the upper part, the intermediate part and the lower part, and the positions of the microwave irradiating parts 40 form a central angle of about 120 degrees. The irradiation angle is set to about 15 to 30 degrees in consideration of the propagation characteristics. Of course, the arrangement and irradiation angle of the microwave irradiation unit 40 can be appropriately selected according to the characteristics such as the shape of the processing chamber 10. It is also possible to place it on the ceiling. In order to prevent the irradiated microwaves from leaking to the outside of the incinerator body A through the gas supply duct 20, the gas incinerator 12 and the exhaust stack 14, a conductive material such as metal having high heat and corrosion resistance is used. The material forms a mesh size mesh effective for preventing leakage according to the wavelength of the microwave, and the mesh size mesh is formed on the mesh leakage path, for example, the gas supply duct 20.
It is desirable to stretch over the entire cross section as appropriate. Since the temperature inside the exhaust pipe 14 becomes high, it is practically difficult to stretch such a mesh. Therefore, normally, the exhaust stack 14 is attached in a chimney arrester shape that is generally found.

Reference numeral 42 is an air supply unit with a metering pressure regulating valve for supplying air (an example of oxygen-containing gas) into the processing chamber 10. In this embodiment, the air supply unit 42 is provided with each microwave. It is provided at the same location as the irradiation unit 40, and thus the air supplied from the air supply unit 42 is configured to be supplied into the processing chamber 10 through the vicinity of the microwave irradiation unit 40. The operation of the metering pressure regulating valve of the air supply unit 42 is electrically controlled by the control device of the operation control panel 22. 44
Is a first temperature sensor (an example of a measuring unit) provided at the upper end side portion of the processing chamber 10 for measuring the temperature in the processing chamber 10. The temperature information sensed by the first temperature sensor 44 is transmitted to the control device of the operation control panel 22 as an electric signal. Based on the value measured by the first temperature sensor 44, which is the measuring means, it is possible to reliably detect that the incineration of the incineration object has progressed due to the irradiation of the microwave. The temperature may be measured by measuring the temperature of the gas discharged from the processing chamber 10 in the gas supply duct 20, for example, or by directly measuring the temperature of the incineration object. In addition,
For example, the operation control panel 22 is provided with a timer or the like for measuring the irradiation time of microwaves to measure the irradiation amount of microwaves, and the irradiation amount required for the progress of easy combustion is reached and the measured temperature is set to a predetermined value. If the progress of the easy combustion is judged on the condition that both the temperatures are reached, it is effective to erroneously detect the progress of the easy combustion due to the temperature rise due to the temporary flame generation. Can be prevented and the reliability can be further enhanced. Further, as the measuring means, a gas concentration measuring device or the like that measures an increase or decrease in the concentration of a predetermined gas in the processing chamber 10 or in the gases discharged from the processing chamber 10 may be used. As the predetermined gas referred to here, water vapor is optimal for knowing the dryness of the incineration object. With any of the above, the progress of the easy combustion can be judged with high reliability, but if the accuracy is lower than these, the progress of the easy combustion can be judged only by the irradiation amount of the microwave. It is possible.

Reference numeral 46 is a gas burner (an example of a second combustion means) provided at the lower end of the gas incinerator 12, and reference numeral 48 is a second frame sensor for detecting the flame of the gas burner 46. The start and stop of the gas burner 46 and the combustion characteristics are electrically controlled by the control device of the operation control panel 22. The information sensed by the frame sensor 48 is
It is transmitted to the control device of the operation control panel 22 as an electric signal. Of course, it is also possible to adopt other known combustion means such as a gas burner as the second combustion means. Reference numeral 50 is a second temperature sensor provided on the upper end side of the gas incineration unit 12 for measuring the temperature in the gas incineration unit 12. The temperature information sensed by the second temperature sensor 50 is transmitted to the control device of the operation control panel 22 as an electric signal.

Reference numeral 52 is a blower for supplying air to the air supply unit 42, the plasma torch 36 and the gas burner 46, that is, an air supply source. Air from the blower 52 is supplied to each air supply unit 42, the plasma torch 36, and the gas burner 46 via the air supply pipe 54. Starting and stopping of the blower 52 are electrically controlled by the control device of the operation control panel 22. This blower 52 and air supply pipe 5
4 and the air supply unit 42 constitute an example of an oxygen-containing gas supply unit. A known means such as a compressor can be appropriately adopted as the air supply source. Reference numeral 56 is an LPG cylinder for supplying LPG to the gas burner 46, that is, a fuel supply source. In the case of a gas burner, it also serves as a city gas terminal, and in the case of an oil burner, it serves as a service tank for fuel oil such as heavy oil and kerosene. LPG cylinder 5
The LPG from 6 is supplied to the gas burner 46 via the fuel supply pipe 58. The opening / closing of the LPG cylinder 56 is electrically controlled by the control device of the operation control panel 22.

Reference numeral 60 denotes an ISM band 2450 MHz or 915 M which is internationally assigned for industrial use, medical use, etc.
It is a microwave oscillating device (an example of a microwave generating means) that generates a microwave of Hz. Microwave oscillator 6
The start and stop of 0 and the output are electrically controlled by the control device of the operation control panel 22. The microwave generated in the microwave oscillating device 60 is transmitted to the microwave irradiator 40 via the waveguide 62. It is also possible to use means other than the waveguide for the transmission. It is also possible to integrally configure the microwave generator and the microwave irradiator. The microwave incinerator as described above operates, for example, as follows. The incineration objects are collectively inserted into the processing chamber 10 of the incinerator main body A from the insertion port 24, the lid 26 is closed and fixed by the clamp device 28, and then the incineration process is started by the operation device of the operation control panel 22. Let

Then, the control device of the operation control panel 22 opens the metering pressure regulating valve of each air supply unit 42 and starts the blower 52, so that air is fed into the processing chamber 10.
Along with the incinerated matter, the processing chamber 10 and the gas supply duct 2
0, flammable gas such as alcohol gas that may spread inside the gas incinerator 12 and the exhaust stack 14 is purged through the exhaust stack 14. Processing chamber 10, gas supply duct 20,
A sufficient amount of air for purging almost all the combustible gas existing inside the gas incinerator 12 and the exhaust stack 14 is supplied to the processing chamber 1.
When the control device of the operation control panel 22 measures the supply to the inside of 0 by the built-in timer means or the like, the control device supplies the LPG from the LPG cylinder 56 and starts the gas burner 46, and the inside of the gas incinerator 12 A flame is formed at the same time, and the inside of the gas incinerator 12 and the inside of the exhaust pipe 14 are heated. Since the gas burner 46 is started after the combustible gas is purged, the explosive ignition of the combustible gas is surely prevented. If no combustible gas is present, such a purging step is of course unnecessary.

Further, the control device of the operation control panel 22 starts power supply to the heating element 23 to heat the heating element. Based on the information sensed by the flame sensor 48 and the second temperature sensor 50, combustion start and flame stabilization, and the temperature inside the gas incinerator 12 is set to a level at which the gases introduced from the processing chamber 10 can be incinerated. When the above is confirmed by the control device of the operation control panel 22, the microwave oscillation device 60 is started by the control device. Microwaves generated in the microwave oscillating device 60 are radiated from the microwave irradiating section 40 to the incineration object and the liquid-absorbent refractory material 21 in the processing chamber 10 via the waveguide 62. Then, the incineration product generates heat from the inside, and the water, alcohol, and other liquids contained therein are efficiently evaporated without the need for stirring for expanding the heated area of the incineration product or improving the heating efficiency. As the material to be incinerated dries, thermal decomposition of the material to be incinerated can also occur. It is also effective for heating the residual liquid in the glass container.

The heat generated by the heating element 23 prevents the evaporation of the material to be incinerated from condensing on the inner surface of the processing chamber 10 and promotes the evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber 10. Processing chamber 10 for evaporation
It is possible to effectively prevent heat from being taken away through the inner surface, and it is possible to quickly evaporate the liquid contained in the incineration object accommodated in the processing chamber 10 as a whole. Further, a considerable portion of the contained liquid that has flowed down from the incineration object and the liquid that has flowed down by being evaporated from the incineration object and condensing on the inner surface of the processing chamber 10, is a liquid-absorbing fireproof device installed in the lower portion of the processing chamber 10. It is absorbed by the material 21. The absorbed liquid is effectively prevented from coming into direct contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber 10, the degree of heat removal through the inner surface of the processing chamber 10 is greatly reduced, and not only is it directly heated by microwaves, Since the liquid absorbing refractory material 21 itself is also heated by the heat generated by the microwave, the temperature of the liquid absorbed by the liquid absorbing refractory material 21 and the evaporation thereof are efficiently performed. Note that the microwave heat-generating liquid-absorbent refractory material does not necessarily have to be provided on the entire bottom surface unless the effect is somewhat reduced. For example, it may be installed only on the lower part of the side wall.

The liquid contained in the material to be incinerated stored in the processing chamber 10 is quickly evaporated as a whole by either the heating element 23 or the liquid-absorbent refractory material 21 to dry the material to be incinerated. It is possible to efficiently and promptly carry out a treatment such as combustion or easy combustion by thermal decomposition, and it is not always necessary to use both in combination, but if both are used in combination, the effect can be further enhanced. In any case, it is possible to prevent the energy of the microwave from being consumed by the temperature rise of the wall of the processing chamber and to efficiently and promptly perform the processing such as the easy burning of the incineration object. Gases generated by evaporation or thermal decomposition are guided to the gas incinerator 12 through the gas supply duct 20 and incinerated in the gas incinerator 12. As a result, deodorization of thermally decomposable odorous gases and thermal decomposition of harmful gases are performed. Processing chamber 10 rapidly rising by microwave irradiation
The internal temperature information is sensed by the first temperature sensor 44 and transmitted to the control device of the operation control panel 22. It is desirable that the output of the microwave oscillating device 60 is appropriately adjusted by the control means according to the temperature change sensed by the first temperature sensor 44.

The controller controls that the temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor 44 is a predetermined temperature (for example, 120 to 150).
C.), it is confirmed that the incineration of the incinerated material is facilitated, and the plasma torch 36 is started.
Then, the material to be incinerated is efficiently treated in the processing chamber 10 at a high temperature of, for example, 800 ° C. or more or 1000 ° C. or more in a short time by the air plasma 38 of the plasma torch 36 or the auxiliary combustion by the air plasma 38. Well incinerated. Even if the incineration object contains a substance having explosive ignitability such as alcohol, the plasma torch 36 is activated after alcohol or the like is evaporated by the microwave and is incinerated in the gas incinerator 12 Therefore, explosive ignition is prevented. The temperature in the processing chamber 10 is 120 to 15
At the time of reaching 0 ° C., the plasma torch 36 (first combustion means) is used because the water is evaporated and the combustion is facilitated.
There is no waste in the electric power (energy) used for the operation of, and the explosive combustion of the substances that accompany the materials to be incinerated is prevented. When the plasma torch 36 is started, the temperature in the processing chamber 10 almost instantly rises to 400 to 500 ° C. and rises to 800 ° C. or higher in about 5 to 6 minutes. Of course, the operation of the first combustion means may be started at a stage at which the degree of facilitating combustion of the incineration object is low unless the energy saving effect is somewhat decreased.

The air supplied from the air supply unit 42 is supplied to the inside of the processing chamber 10 through the vicinity of the microwave irradiation unit 40, so that the heat generated by the combustion of the flame of the plasma torch 36 and the incineration object causes The wave irradiation unit 40 is prevented from being damaged. In addition, the air is the processing chamber 1
It is also used as air for the burning of incineration products inside 0. The microwave irradiation from the microwave irradiation unit 40 is
It may be stopped or continued. In addition, if necessary, if a water cooling device that can cool the microwave irradiation part with water is provided,
Damage to the microwave irradiation part is prevented more effectively. Further, it is also possible to supply an oxygen-containing gas for burning an incinerator, such as air, from the bottom or the like into the processing chamber 10.

Combustion waste gas, so-called smoke, etc., such as unburned carbon, which is generated by combustion of the incineration object, is used for the gas supply duct 20.
Through the gas incineration unit 12 and is almost completely incinerated in the gas incineration unit 12. When the temperature in the processing chamber 10 is 800 ° C. or higher as described above, the combustion waste gas is immediately sent to the gas incinerator 12 and the combustion of the gas burner 46 is combined, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe 14. It is extremely easy to maintain the temperature of the exhaust gas at 800 ° C or higher, which is the standard set by law. Waste gas that has almost no odor, harmful substances, smoke, etc. due to this incineration,
Exhausted through the exhaust means. In this embodiment, a harmful substance contained in the material to be incinerated or generated in the incinerator, for example, a set temperature set above the thermal decomposition temperature of HCN, PCDDs, PCDFs, etc., and the second temperature sensor 50 The measured temperature is compared with the control device of the operation control panel 22 to adjust the combustion characteristics of the gas burner 46, and the temperature in the gas incinerator 12 is automatically maintained at substantially the set temperature or higher. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent harmful substances from being discharged through the exhaust stack 14.

It should be noted that odorous or harmful substances which are so-called fumes and vapors such as metal-containing inorganic substances and inorganic compounds, which do not undergo thermal decomposition or have a very high thermal decomposition temperature, are discharged. In such a case, it is desirable to separate these substances by providing a known exhaust gas treatment device such as a scrubber in the stage subsequent to the exhaust means of the device of the present invention. As described above, the temperature in the gas incinerator 12 set in the control device of the operation control panel 22 is usually 800 to 1200 when the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust stack 14 is 800.
The temperature should be ℃. When chlorine compounds, fluorine compounds, etc. are to be mixed in the incineration object, it is desirable to set the temperature of the exhaust gas to be 1350 to 1450 ° C. Such a set temperature is achieved and maintained by the controlled continuous combustion of the gas burner 46. The set temperature is reached, for example, about 15 minutes after the start of the gas burner 46.

After that, the first temperature sensor 44 (measuring means)
When the control device detects the completion of incineration of the incineration object in the processing chamber 10 based on the temperature information sensed by the control device, the control device stops the supply of LPG from the LPG cylinder 56, and the plasma torch 36 and the gas burner 46.
Also, the operations of the microwave oscillating device 60 and the heating element 23 are stopped. Next, the temperature in the processing chamber 10 is set to a temperature at which the residue can be discharged by the first temperature sensor 44, for example, 10
When it is detected that the temperature has dropped to 0 ° C. or lower, the blower 52 is stopped by the control device and the air supply units 4
The second pressure regulating valve is closed. After that, the residue discharge port 30
When the lid 32 of is opened, the residue can be discharged using a discharging tool. The dimensions, the number, the material, the shape, the relative arrangement, etc. of the constituent parts in the above description of the embodiments are limited to only those unless otherwise stated. It is not meant to be done, but merely an example of explanation.

[0041]

According to the method of claim 1 and the incinerator of claim 8, a considerable portion of the liquid that has flowed down from the incineration object stored in the processing chamber and the liquid that has flowed down due to evaporation / condensation is the liquid absorbing material. In addition to being directly heated by microwaves, it is also heated by the heat generated by the liquid-absorbent refractory material as it is absorbed by the heat resistant refractory material and the heat is absorbed through the inner surface of the processing chamber. The temperature rise and evaporation of the liquid absorbed by the liquid-absorbent refractory material are efficiently performed. Therefore, even if the inner surface of the processing chamber is formed of a material having a large thermal conductivity such as a metal such as a steel plate,
The liquid contained in the incineration object stored in the processing chamber can be quickly evaporated as a whole, and the incineration object can be dried and can be easily combusted by thermal decomposition. According to the method of claim 2 and the incinerator of claim 9, the evaporation from the incineration object is prevented from being condensed on the inner surface of the processing chamber, and the evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber is promoted. It is possible to effectively prevent heat from being taken through the inner surface of the processing chamber when the liquid is evaporated by the waves, and even if the inner surface of the processing chamber is formed of a material having a high thermal conductivity such as a steel plate or the like. The liquid contained in the incineration object stored in the treatment chamber can be quickly evaporated as a whole, and the incineration object can be dried and can be easily burned by thermal decomposition.

According to the method of claim 3 and the incinerator of claim 10, it is possible to prevent the vaporized material from the material to be incinerated from condensing on the inner surface of the processing chamber and promote the evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber. Therefore, it is possible to more effectively prevent the heat from being taken away through the inner surface of the processing chamber when the liquid is evaporated by the microwave, and the liquid contained in the incineration object accommodated in the processing chamber can be more quickly as a whole. By evaporating, it is possible to more efficiently and quickly perform processing such as drying of the incineration object and facilitation of combustion by thermal decomposition. According to the method of the fourth aspect and the incinerator of the eleventh aspect, it is possible to efficiently incinerate the incineration object that has been easily combusted by the irradiation of microwaves. According to the method of claim 5 and the incinerator of claim 12, the treatment chamber becomes narrow due to the inclusion of the incineration object, and if a burner using a liquid fuel such as oil or a gas fuel such as LPG is used, flame combustion is performed. Even if the required combustion space cannot be secured, the plasma of noncombustible gas can reliably supply the amount of heat required for ignition and auxiliary combustion to the incineration object, and There is no problem in safety even if it is sent into the processing furnace as it is without being made into plasma, so there is re-ignition when the incinerator fails to ignite or auxiliary combustion when extinguishing while incinerating the incinerator. Can be done immediately or in a timely manner. Therefore, the incineration work can be performed reliably and without wasting time, and the operation and control are easy.

According to the method of claim 6, since the progress of the incineration of the incineration object by the microwave can be reliably determined, it is possible to incinerate the incineration object reliably and in a short time. . Further, according to the incinerator of claim 13, the progress of the incineration of the incineration object by the microwave is reliably detected based on the value measured by the measuring means, and the control means automatically controls the first burning means. Since it is operated, the incineration object is automatically and reliably incinerated efficiently in a short time. According to the method of claim 7 and the incinerator of claim 14, the gases generated by the irradiation of microwaves and / or the combustion of the incinerated matter are led out from the processing chamber and incinerated, so that they are included in them. Waste gas with almost no odor, harmful substances or smoke is generated.

According to the liquid-absorbent refractory material of claim 15, a considerable portion of the liquid flowing down from the incineration object and the liquid flowing down due to evaporation / condensation is absorbed by the liquid-absorbent fire resistant material, and heat is transferred through the inner surface of the processing chamber. The degree to which the liquid is absorbed by the liquid-absorbent refractory is not only directly heated by the microwave, but also by the heat generated by the liquid-absorbent refractory by the microwave. The temperature rise and evaporation are performed efficiently. Therefore, the liquid contained in the incineration object stored in the treatment chamber can be quickly evaporated as a whole, and the incineration object can be dried and can be easily and efficiently combusted by thermal decomposition. . Claim 16
The liquid-absorbent refractory material can absorb the liquid, and since the liquid-absorbent refractory material generates heat as a whole, the temperature rise or evaporation of the absorbed liquid is caused by direct heating and absorption by the microwave. The liquid refractory material itself is efficiently heated by heat generation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram.

FIG. 2 is a right side view of the incinerator body.

[Description of sign]

 10 Processing Room 21 Liquid Absorbent Refractory Material 23 Heating Element 36 Plasma Torch 40 Microwave Irradiation Section

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location B09B 3/00 F23G 5/10 ZAB A

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A step of accommodating an object to be incinerated in a processing chamber in which a microwave-exciting liquid-absorbing refractory material is installed in the lower portion, and a microwave is applied to the object to be incinerated and the liquid-absorbing fire resistant material in the processing chamber. By irradiating, the liquid contained in the incinerator is evaporated, and at the same time, the liquid that has flowed down from the incinerated substance and the liquid that has evaporated due to dew condensation on the inner surface of the processing chamber due to dew condensation on the inside of the processing chamber are liquid-absorbing refractory materials. And the temperature of the liquid absorbed by the liquid-absorbent refractory material is accelerated by the heat generated by the liquid-absorbent fire-resistant material due to microwaves. 2. A process of accommodating an object to be incinerated in a processing chamber in which a heating element is provided on an inner wall portion, and an object to be incinerated in the processing chamber is irradiated with microwaves while the heating element is heated to be incinerated. While preventing the evaporation of substances from dew condensation on the inner surface of the processing chamber, while promoting the evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber,
And a step of evaporating the liquid contained in the incineration object. 3. A heating element is provided on an inner wall of a processing chamber for accommodating an incineration object, and the incineration object and the liquid-absorbent refractory material in the processing chamber are irradiated with microwaves while causing the heating element to generate heat. The incineration method according to claim 1, which prevents the evaporation of the incineration object from condensing on the inner surface of the processing chamber and promotes evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber. 4. The incinerator is dried and / or pyrolyzed in the processing chamber by irradiation of microwaves from the microwave irradiator to facilitate combustion of the incinerated material, and then the incinerated material is removed. The incineration method according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, which comprises a step of burning in a processing chamber. 5. The incineration method according to claim 4, wherein the incineration object is combusted in the processing chamber by igniting and / or supporting combustion by ejecting plasma of an incombustible gas onto the incineration object. 6. The progress of facilitation of combustion of an incineration object by irradiation of microwaves with respect to the temperature in a processing chamber or gases discharged from the processing chamber and a predetermined gas in the processing chamber or gases discharged from the processing chamber. Concentration or microwave dose, or 2 of these temperature, concentration, and dose
The incineration method according to claim 4, claim 5 or claim 6, which is determined by the above combination. 7. The gas generated from the incineration object in the processing chamber by the irradiation of microwaves and / or the gas generated by the combustion of the incineration object in the processing chamber is discharged from the processing chamber and incinerated. The incineration method according to claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5, claim 6, or claim 7. 8. A microwave-exciting liquid-absorbent refractory material is provided in the lower portion, and a microwave irradiator for irradiating the incinerator and the liquid-absorbent refractory material to be accommodated with microwaves is provided. An incinerator characterized by comprising a treatment chamber formed by 9. A heating element is provided on the inner wall of the processing chamber to prevent evaporation of the incineration material from condensing on the inside of the processing chamber and to promote evaporation of the liquid in contact with the inside of the processing chamber. An incinerator characterized by comprising a processing chamber having a microwave irradiating unit for irradiating the incinerator to be housed with microwaves. 10. A heating element is provided on the inner wall of the processing chamber, the heating element being for preventing evaporation of an incineration object from condensing on the inner surface of the processing chamber and promoting evaporation of a liquid in contact with the inner surface of the processing chamber. The incinerator according to 8. 11. The method according to claim 8, further comprising a first combustion means for incinerating an incineration object in the processing chamber.
Incinerator described. 12. The incinerator according to claim 11, wherein the first combustion means is a plasma injection supply means capable of ejecting plasma of an incombustible gas for igniting and / or supporting combustion of the incineration object to the incineration object. apparatus. 13. A temperature in a processing chamber or a gas discharged from the processing chamber, a concentration of a predetermined gas in the processing chamber or a gas discharged from the processing chamber, or a microwave irradiation amount, or a temperature and a concentration thereof. , And the measuring means for measuring two or more of the irradiation amounts, and the first combustion by detecting that the incineration of the incineration object has progressed by the irradiation of microwaves based on the measurement value by the measuring means. The incinerator according to claim 11 or 12, further comprising: a control unit that operates the unit. 14. A gas incinerator having a second combustion means for incinerating gases discharged from the processing chamber, claim 8, claim 9, claim 10, claim 11, claim 12.
Alternatively, the incinerator according to claim 13. 15. The temperature of the liquid, which is disposed in the lower part of the processing chamber having a microwave irradiating unit, absorbs the liquid contained in the incinerator contained in the processing chamber, and heats the microwave to absorb the liquid. Microwave exothermic liquid absorbing refractory material to promote rise and evaporation. 16. A microwave-heat-generating liquid-absorbing refractory material in which microwave-heat-generating powder particles are substantially evenly dispersed and held in a liquid-absorbing fire-resistant material.