JPH0894055A - Combustion control device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Object] To provide a combustion control device capable of solidifying combustion efficiency while appropriately controlling the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion zone and avoiding thermal damage to the grate. [Structure] An image pickup means 20 for inputting a burning state of dust in a combustion zone M, a first calculation means C1 for extracting a flame region from the image data, and image data by the image pickup means 20 is decomposed into red, green and blue color components. Second calculation means C2 for calculating and deriving the intensity ratio of the blue component and the green component in the flame region extracted by the first calculation means C1 for each pixel, and extracting the area of the high temperature region from the value, and the second calculation By the first control means 22a for adjusting the total supply amount of the combustion air so that the area of the high temperature region extracted by the means C2 and the total supply amount of the combustion air to the wind box 6C are inversely proportional, and the burnout position detection means. Second control means 22b for adjusting the supply ratio of the combustion air between the plurality of wind boxes 6c based on the detected burn-out position of the flame in the combustion zone M.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combustion control device for an incinerator or the like, and more particularly to a combustion control device for a stoker type incinerator having a plurality of air boxes below the combustion zone along the direction of dust transport The present invention relates to a combustion control device that adjusts the supply amount of air.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional refuse incinerator combustion control device,
From the viewpoint of protecting the grate, which is the casting that composes the combustion zone, from high temperature corrosion due to the corrosive gas generated by the incineration process, a considerably larger amount of combustion air than the theoretical air volume required for combustion is transferred in the direction of dust transport. It was supplied to a plurality of wind boxes arranged along the line at a fixed ratio, and the total supply was adjusted based on the temperature detected by a temperature sensor installed in the furnace.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional example, the temperature inside the furnace detected by the temperature sensor has a value including not only the effect of the combustion zone but also the effects of the drying zone before and after it and the post-combustion zone. However, since the combustion state in the combustion zone is not necessarily detected accurately, there is a problem that it is not the optimum index for adjusting the air supply amount.

Further, it is preferable that the air supply ratio to the wind box before and after the combustion zone is also variably set according to the combustion state, but it is a constant ratio because there is no suitable index.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, to appropriately adjust the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion zone, and to improve the combustion efficiency while avoiding thermal damage to the grate. The point is to provide a control device.

[0006]

To achieve this object, the combustion control device according to the present invention is characterized by a stoker type dust container provided with a plurality of wind boxes below the combustion zone along the dust transport direction. In an incinerator, a burn-out position detecting means for detecting a burn-out position of flame in the combustion zone, an image pickup means for inputting a burning state of dust in the combustion zone, and a flame region is extracted from image data by the image pickup means. Image data obtained by the first calculation means and the image pickup means is decomposed into red, green, and blue color components, and the intensity ratio of the blue component and the green component in the flame region extracted by the first calculation means is calculated and derived for each pixel. , The second calculating means for extracting the area of the high temperature region from the value, the area of the high temperature region extracted by the second calculating means and the total amount of combustion air supplied to the wind box are inversely proportional to each other. First control means for adjusting the total supply amount of the working air, and second control for adjusting the supply ratio of the combustion air between the plurality of wind boxes based on the burn-out position detected by the burn-out position detecting means. Means and points.

In the above structure, it is preferable that the burn-out position detecting means is an image processing means for detecting the burn-out position of the flame in the combustion zone from the flame region extracted by the first computing means.

[0008]

In general, an object emits a visible amount of visible light at a temperature of about 1000 K or higher, and when the temperature rises, first red, then yellow, green, blue, and finally purple. To the energy of light, a new color part is added to the spectrum. Therefore, by determining the intensity ratio of each wavelength of the combustion flame, it is possible to objectively discriminate between the local high temperature combustion portion and the local low temperature combustion portion. Therefore, the second calculation means decomposes the image data obtained by the image pickup means into color components of red (R) green (G) blue (B), and red (R) including the influence of the background and the like.
Except for components, for each pixel of the extracted region as the flame region by the first computing means, and blue (B) component and green (G) component intensity ratio of the (I _B / I _G) was calculated and derived, the The area ( _SH ) is extracted by setting a pixel having a value larger than a predetermined threshold value as a high temperature area. Incidentally, the extraction of the flame area by the first calculation means, the brightness data may be binarized,
It is also possible to binarize any color component with a predetermined threshold value.

The first control means burns so that the area of the high temperature region extracted by the second calculating means is inversely proportional to the total amount of combustion air supplied to the wind box, for example, as the area of the high temperature region increases. When the temperature rises and the combustion temperature rises, the amount of air supply is reduced to prevent excess air from being thrown in and burnout of the grate caused by blow-through, and when the high temperature area becomes smaller and the combustion temperature decreases, the amount of air supply is increased to burn. It raises the temperature.

Usually, in the combustion zone, the gas combustion in which dust is gasified and burns is changed to the solid combustion in which carbonized dust is burned, and the most downstream side of the combustion flame is almost the end point of gas combustion, that is, burnout. It becomes a point. Since the solid combustion is almost completed and is being ashed downstream from the burn-out point, annual total air is not needed so much. Therefore, the second control means, the amount of air to be supplied to the plurality of wind boxes, the total amount of air determined by the first control means, in the supply ratio based on the burn-off position detected by the burn-off position detection means. It is distributed and supplied.

As the burn-out position detecting means, a means for detecting the position of the combustion flame from the output values of a plurality of optical sensors arranged in the furnace along the direction of transport of dust has been put into practical use. By detecting the burn-out position of the flame in the combustion zone from the flame region extracted by the first calculating means by the means, more accurate detection can be performed without providing another sensor.

[0012]

As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a combustion control device capable of appropriately adjusting the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion zone to solidify the combustion efficiency while avoiding the thermal damage to the grate. I was able to do it.

[0013]

EXAMPLES Examples of the combustion control device of the present invention will be described below. As shown in FIG. 4, the refuse incinerator is loaded by a hopper 3 that receives city refuse that is an object to be incinerated, a pusher 4 that throws the dust in the hopper 3 into the furnace from the lower end, and a pusher 4 that is pushed by the pusher 4. A stoker-type incineration zone 5 for incinerating waste while stirring and transporting it is provided, and an air supply means 6 for supplying air for primary combustion from the bottom thereof is provided.

The incineration zone 5 is of a hydraulic drive type in which movable grate (not shown) that reciprocates obliquely upward with respect to a fixed grate (not shown) are arranged alternately along the transport direction. With the stoker mechanism, the drying zone L for transporting the dust while drying, the combustion zone M for transporting while burning the dust (composed of the front combustion zone M1 and the rear combustion zone M2), and the post combustion zone N for transporting the ashing treatment. And are arranged in a stepwise manner, and the reciprocating cycle of the movable grate is variable so that the speed of transporting dust can be adjusted.

The air supply means 6 is a blower fan 6a.
The air drawn by the blower 6b is sent to the air box 6c separately provided below the drying zone L, the combustion zone M, and the post combustion zone N, respectively.
The air flow rate is adjustable by providing a damper mechanism 6d on the outlet side of the air flow path 6b to each air box 6c.

The upper part of the incineration zone 5 is constructed as a primary combustion zone 1 for directly incinerating refuse, and the flue formed in the upper space thereof is made a secondary combustion zone 2 for completely burning combustion gas. The nozzle 13a as the secondary combustion air supply mechanism 13 is provided on the flue inlet side to supply the induced air from the blower fan 13b to the flue and to generate the combustion gas in the flue. A burner mechanism 14 for heating is provided.

A waste heat boiler 12 for recovering heat energy of combustion exhaust gas is provided in a space on the downstream side of the secondary combustion region 2 to supply the heat amount generated by the combustion as steam to the power generation device 11, while exhaust gas further downstream. Road 7 to chimney 1
An exhaust gas treatment device including a bag filter 8 and a smoke washing device 9 is provided in the middle of the flow path reaching 0.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, in the upper center of the side wall on the downstream side of the incineration zone 5, a color C as an image pickup means 20 for photographing and inputting the combustion state in the combustion zone M.
A CD camera is provided, and an image processing means 21 using a microcomputer for judging the combustion state of dust in the combustion zone M from the image data input by the image pickup means 20 is provided to constitute a combustion state detection device.

The image processing means 21, as shown in FIG.
First computing means C1 for decomposing the image data input from the imaging means 20 into red (R) green (G) blue (B) color components and extracting a flame region from the green (G) component image data; Second calculating means C2 for calculating and deriving the intensity ratio of the blue (B) component and the green (G) component in the flame area extracted by the first calculating means C1 and extracting the area of the high temperature area from the calculated value.
And a third calculating means C3 for detecting the burn-out position of the flame in the combustion zone M from the flame region extracted by the first calculating means C1.

Hereinafter, based on the flowchart shown in FIG.
Will be described in detail. The image data input from the image pickup means 20
When decomposed into red (R) green (G) blue (B) color components, FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), red (R) green for each pixel
(G) Intensity data of blue (B) is obtained <# 1>. General
In addition, objects are visible at temperatures above about 1000K.
Emits a quantity of visible light, and when its temperature rises
To red, then yellow, green, blue, and finally purple.
Lugie adds a new color to the spectrum. Burn
Imaging of the burning zone, that is, the combustion zone M in the incinerator
In the image data obtained by the means 20, except the flame part
The data of the side wall and the dust itself are also included in the
Since the color components due to the degree and reflected light are mixed, only the flame is corrected.
For accurate extraction, red (R) indicating a relatively low temperature part
It is preferred not to refer to the ingredients. On the other hand, the blue (B) component
Changes greatly depending on the flame temperature.
It is not preferable to specify the area of the flame only by itself. There
Then, the first computing means C1 uses the intensity data of the green (G) component.
Is a predetermined threshold G _ThCorresponding larger pixels to flame areas
Pixel, that is, area (S_F), <# 2>, <
# 3>. Here, the threshold value is not particularly limited, and the furnace
According to the scale, operating conditions, and characteristics of measuring devices such as cameras
It may be set appropriately.

[0021] The second calculating means C2 is, the intensity ratio of the first calculating means and blue in the flame region extracted by C1 (B) component and green (G) component (I _B / I _G) was calculated and derived , And the pixels whose values are equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold are extracted as the area ( _SH ) of the high temperature region <# 4>, <# 5>.

The third calculating means C3 is the first calculating means C.
The position of the lower end of the flame region extracted by 1 is detected as the burn-out position of the flame in the combustion zone M <#
6>.

First computer control means 22a
, The second as calculating means C2 area of the high-temperature region extracted by (S _H) and the supply amount of combustion air in the to windbox 6c provided in the combustion zone M and (V) is inversely proportional (S _H
V = K (K is a constant), and the total supply amount of combustion air is determined <# 7>. In other words, when combustion becomes more active and the combustion temperature rises as the area of the high-temperature region increases, the air supply amount is reduced to prevent the burnout of the grate caused by the injection and blow-through of excess air, and the area of the high-temperature region becomes smaller and the combustion temperature decreases. When is decreased, the air supply amount is increased, the combustion temperature is increased, and the combustion efficiency is improved.

The second control means 22b controls the front combustion zone M.
1 and two wind boxes 6c provided in each of the rear combustion zone M2
The supply ratio (V1: V2) of the combustion air to the combustion air at the total supply amount (V) of the combustion air determined by the first control means 22a based on the burn-out position detected by the third calculation means C3. <# 8>. Specifically, the ratio of the respective combustion areas of the front combustion zone M1 and the rear combustion zone M2 (the area on the upstream side of the burnout position is the combustion area) is the supply ratio of the supply air amount (V1: V2). And

That is, the control means 22 (22a, 22b)
Is the damper opening of the damper mechanism 6d for adjusting the amount of air supplied to the wind box 6c in the front combustion zone M1 and the rear combustion zone M2, the total supply amount is (V), and the supply ratio is (V1: V2). Adjust so that Steps <# 1> to <# 9
> Is repeated in a constant control cycle (several minutes) <# 10>.

That is, the image pickup means 20, the image processing means 21, and the control means 22 constitute a combustion control device.

Another embodiment will be described below. In the above-described embodiment, the first computing means C1 extracts a pixel in which the intensity data of the green (G) component is larger than the predetermined threshold value G _{Th as} a pixel corresponding to the flame region, that is, the area (S _F ). However, the present invention is not limited to this.
The brightness data as a monotone image may be binarized with a predetermined threshold value to extract the flame region. Alternatively, the intensity data of the red (R) component may be binarized with the predetermined threshold value to obtain the flame region. May be configured to be extracted.

In the above embodiment, the image processing means 21 for detecting the burn-out position of the flame in the combustion zone M from the flame region extracted by the first computing means C1, specifically the third computing means C3, Although the burn-out position detecting means has been described, the burn-out position detecting means is not limited to this, and the combustion flame is output from the output values of a plurality of optical sensors arranged in the furnace along the direction of conveyance of dust. It is possible to employ a configuration in which a plurality of thermocouples are installed in the grate along the direction of conveyance of dust and the point where the thermocouple output is maximized is the burnout position.

In the above embodiment, the combustion zone M is replaced by the front combustion zone M.
The description has been given of the case in which the wind boxes are separately provided in the two regions of 1 and the rear combustion zone M2, but the number of wind boxes is not limited to this, and more wind boxes are provided. Good.

In the above embodiment, the case where the incineration zone is constituted by arranging the dry zone L, the combustion zone M and the post-combustion zone N in a stepwise manner has been described. The present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to a tilt furnace in which a plurality of wind boxes are provided along the incineration treatment zone, which linearly configures the incineration treatment zone at a constant inclination angle.

It should be noted that reference numerals are given in the claims for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the configurations of the accompanying drawings by the entry.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a main part.

FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram of input image data.

FIG. 3 Flow chart

[Fig. 4] Schematic configuration diagram of a refuse incinerator

[Explanation of symbols]

 6c Wind box 20 Imaging means 22a First control means 22b Second control means C1 First calculation means C2 Second calculation means C3 Third calculation means M Combustion zone

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A stoker-type refuse incinerator having a plurality of wind boxes (6c) below the combustion zone (M) along the direction of transport of dust, wherein a flame burn-out position in the combustion zone (M) is set. Burn-out position detecting means for detecting, an image capturing means (20) for inputting the combustion state of dust in the combustion zone (M), and a first calculating means for extracting a flame region from image data by the image capturing means (20). (C1) and the image data obtained by the image pickup means (20) are decomposed into red (R) green (G) blue (B) color components, and the blue color in the flame region extracted by the first calculation means (C1). component (B) and green (G) component intensity ratio (I _B / I _G) was calculated and derived for each pixel, a second calculating means for extracting the area (S _H) of the high-temperature region from that value (C2) Of the high temperature region extracted by the second computing means (C2) Product (S _H) and the wind box and the first control means and the supply amount of combustion air to (6c) to regulate the supply amount of combustion air so as to be inversely proportional (22a), the burnout position detecting means And a second control means (22b) for adjusting the supply ratio of the combustion air between the plurality of wind boxes (6c) based on the burn-out position detected by the combustion control device. 2. The burn-out position detecting means is an image processing means (21) for detecting the burn-out position of the flame in the combustion zone (M) from the flame region extracted by the first computing means (C1). The combustion control device according to claim 1.