JPH089929A - Preparation of ground fish meat and fish meat paste product - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce a ground fish meat paste having increased jelly strength and springiness and excellent water-retention, color and taste by adding a powdery soya protein, a calcium salt and a specific whole fat soybean flour having trypsin inhibitor activity at the same time to a fish meat. CONSTITUTION:(A) A fish meat is simultaneously incorporated with (B) about 1-20wt.% of a powdery soya protein (separated soya protein, etc.), (C) 0.03-0.15wt.% of a calcium salt (e.g. calcium lactate) and (D) about 0.03-0.3wt.% of whole fat soybean flour and/or soybean whey having a trypsin inhibitor activity of >=30TIU/mg in terms of anhydride. The weight ratio of B:C is preferably 100:(1-30). The meat paste has increased springiness, suppressed loss of springiness with time and increased final thermal gelation.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing ground fish meat products and fish paste products, and more particularly to full-fat soybean flour and / or soybean whey and powdered soybeans having trypsin inhibitor activity in fish meat above a specific value. The present invention relates to improvement and improvement of elasticity, flavor, color tone and the like of the above-mentioned paste product and ground meat by simultaneously adding protein and calcium salt.

[0002]

The most important quality characteristic of a fish paste product is its so-called "foot", which has a physical texture consisting of factors such as hardness, strength, crispness, and texture, and a good foot. When assessing badness, strength and crispness are paramount. On the other hand, the gelation of fish meat protein is about 50 ° C, which is the thermocoagulation temperature of actomyosin, as a boundary.
Structure formation that occurs below that temperature range, and structure hardening (deterioration) that occurs above that temperature range, especially around 60 ° C
It is divided into two stages. The former is commonly referred to as "sitting" and the latter as "return." As described above, the heat treatment has an important meaning to influence the quality in the manufacturing process of the fish meat paste product.

As a means for strengthening this foot, a method of obtaining a strong elasticity by heating at a low temperature of 50 ° C. or lower (generally in a temperature range of 20 to 40 ° C.) before final heating at about 80 ° C. In other words, they often take a "sitting". Sit down with salted meat paste at an appropriate temperature of 20-40 ° C for 1
It is a reaction in which a dissolved fish meat protein molecule is cross-linked and polymerized to form a strong gel when left standing for about 0 minutes to 20 hours.

The factors that make good legs with fish paste products depend on the above-mentioned phenomenon of sitting and returning, and it is only how to enhance sitting and suppress returning.

The sitting and returning phenomenon is greatly influenced by the fish species of the raw material used, and even in the same fish species, the freshness, the method of treating the raw material, and the method of exposing to water are influenced. For example,
Even with the same walleye pollack, the high-grade fresh seawater surimi, which has been carefully exposed to water, is a good raw material with a strong sitting and a weak return. On the other hand, land surimi, which has a relatively low degree of freshness and is contaminated with blood and internal organs, exhibits the undesirable characteristics of weak sitting and strong return. In addition, such a walleye pollack surimi is exposed to water, so that the umami possessed by the fish meat flows out, and there is a problem in terms of flavor. On the other hand, fish meats such as Itoyori, quince sardines, sardines, horse mackerels, etc., have a difficulty in gel forming ability, but have a strong umami and are therefore attractive in terms of improving flavor and are often used.

That is, most of the current fish paste products are
It is made from frozen surimi such as walleye pollack, oysters, sardines, and sardines, as well as fish species caught on the coast, and its blending ratio is economical, gel-forming, and color tone according to the characteristics of each product. , The flavor is taken into consideration. When several kinds of surimi or fish meat are mixed in this way, the quality thereof is usually an average quality or tends to be a so-called low quality with a strong reversion.

Under such circumstances, the conventional fish paste product is devised so that the elasticity enhancer is used to enhance the sitting and suppress the return and to obtain the best possible foot. For example, in JP-A-64-34267, after treating fish meat with a solution of calcium salt, one or more of plasma protein, egg white and milk are added. Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-283
Japanese Patent Publication No. 86 discloses the effect of enhancing elasticity by adding bovine or porcine plasma powder to fish meat. Further, in JP-A-3-219854, quality is improved by adding transglutaminase, serum, plasma or egg white to fish meat. In JP-A-56-32976, soybean protein, egg white and fats and oils are emulsified and added to fish meat.

[0008]

Among the above-mentioned conventional proposals, calcium salt, transglutaminase and the like enhance the sitting ability when used in a pollack pollock offshore high grade surimi having a high sitting ability, but the sitting ability is weak. Land 2
The effect is hardly recognized in the surimi. Further, although plasma, egg white, milk, etc. have an effect of preventing reversion, other quality characteristics such as water retention ability, emulsifying ability, and sedentary promoting effect are weak.
On the other hand, soybean protein has a water-retaining ability, but has a weaker effect of strengthening sitting and preventing reversion. As described above, at present, there are many insufficient points to deal with such various problems in producing a kneaded product, and a satisfactory product has not been obtained.

The present invention has the above-mentioned problems associated with fish meat or fish paste products, namely, it prevents "reversion", enhances elasticity, and is excellent in water retention, color tone and flavor, and economically satisfactory fish paste products. It is intended to provide a method of manufacturing.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have examined the effects of various food materials, food additives and the like on fish meat paste products. That is,
As the expected effects in fish paste products, the effect of the additive is the effect of enhancing the sedentary effect, the effect of suppressing reversion and the elasticity by the effect of increasing the final heated gel, the improvement of water retention, the improvement of color tone and flavor, the economical efficiency, etc. In contrast to this, I conducted a comprehensive and intensive research. As a result, 30 TIU in terms of anhydride in fish meat
/ Mg or more trypsin inhibitor activity of full-fat soybean flour and / or soy whey, powdered soybean protein, and calcium salt by the simultaneous addition,
The inventors have found that a synergistic effect is exerted, a remarkable foot forming ability that cannot be predicted from the individual addition effects is imparted, and the object of the present invention can be achieved, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, a feature of the present invention is that full-fat soybean flour and / or soybean whey having a trypsin inhibitor activity of 30 TIU / mg or more in terms of anhydride in fish meat,
A method for producing a fish meat paste and a fish paste product, which comprises simultaneously adding powdered soybean protein and calcium salt.

The "fish paste product" which is the subject of the present invention
The term "normal fish paste products" containing fish meat as a main component, such as kamaboko, chikuwa, fried tofu, and fish sausage.
In the method for producing such a fish paste product, known materials such as starch, gluten, salt, sugar, sugar alcohol, seasonings, spices, coloring agents and the like can be used as raw materials, as well as fish meat. It is possible to employ a conventional method in which the paste is made into a paste by the steps of dehydration, crushed meat, etc., and the paste is further processed through steps such as crushing, seasoning, molding, heating and cooling.

The characteristic additives in the present invention are full-fat soybean flour, soybean whey, powdered soybean protein, and calcium salt. There are various types of full-fat soybean flour, from raw full-fat soybean flour to heated full-fat soybean flour, depending on its heating state.
These can be used, but 30 TIU / mg
It is an essential condition to have a trypsin inhibitor activity (anhydrous equivalent) or more.

Here, "TIU" is the most commonly used unit for expressing the magnitude of trypsin inhibitor activity, and is described in Kakade et al. , C
initial Chemistry 51.3.376-
The measurement is performed according to the method described in (1974), and the absorbance at 410 nm is defined as 0.01 unit.

The term "trypsin inhibitor activity" means the degree of inhibition of the production of yellow paranitroaniline from benzoyl-DL-arginine nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPA) by the enzymatic reaction of trypsin. Measured by the method. a) Approximately 1.00 g of sample in a 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask
Then, 50 ml of 0.005N NaOH solution is added and dissolved uniformly. b) Shake at 37 ° C for a second time. c) After shaking, adjust the pH to 9.4-9.8. d) Dilute the sample solution to a concentration according to the expected TIU. e) Add 0.6, 0.
Take 9, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 ml and add 2 with deionized water.
Make a dilution series in ml. Also, make a sample blank containing only deionized water. f) 2 ml of a trypsin solution having a predetermined concentration in each of the above test tubes
And stir well to stop the reaction. g) As a reagent blank, deionized water 2 ml, trypsin solution 2 ml, 30% acetic acid solution 1 ml, BAPA solution 5
Prepare those added in the order of ml. i) Filter using a small fold filter paper (5B), and measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 410 nm using a 10 mm glass capsule, using the reagent blank as a control. j) Using the obtained measurement results, TI
Find the value of U.

[0016] A: Average value of absorbance of sample blank B: Absorbance of diluted sample Full fat soybean flour having a trypsin inhibitor activity of 30 TIU / mg or more in terms of anhydride can be produced by a conventional method. That is, in the case of raw full-fat soybean powder, it can be obtained by a method comprising the steps of dehulling, crushing and drying whole soybean, avoiding heat treatment as much as possible. In the case of heated full-fat soybean flour, it can be obtained by adding a heating treatment such as mixing live steam after pulverization to the above step. However, in any case, since the trypsin inhibitor activity in the raw material varies depending on the quality of the raw material, the storage state, etc., the operating conditions of the process are selected so that the trypsin inhibitor activity in the above range can be obtained.

Examples of soybean whey include alcohol-washed concentrated soybean protein in the form of a solution of soybean whey and acid-precipitated whey, or a dried product, and like the full-fat soybean powder, 30 TIU / mg (anhydrous) is used. It is essential to have a trypsin inhibitor activity equal to or higher than the physical conversion). When full-fat soybean flour and / or soybean whey having a low trypsin inhibitor activity is used, the effect of preventing reversion is not sufficiently exerted on fish meat.

As the powdery soybean protein, powdered soybean protein isolate or concentrated soybean protein obtained by an alcohol washing method or an acid precipitation method is particularly preferable. Also,
It is possible to include finely pulverized or pulverized textured or fibrous soybean protein obtained by heating and pressurizing using an extruder such as a uniaxial or biaxial extruder.

Any calcium salt can be used as long as it is defined as a food additive, and examples thereof include calcium phosphate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium lactate and the like. However, in consideration of its solubility and economical efficiency, calcium lactate is particularly preferable.

The addition amounts of the full-fat soybean flour, soybean whey, powdered soybean protein, and calcium salt used in the present invention vary depending on the raw material fish species, its quality, and the type of powdered soybean protein. Although it cannot be specified unconditionally, generally, full-fat soybean flour and / or soybean whey is 0.03 to 0.3% (wt%, the same applies hereinafter), preferably 0.09 to 0.21%, relative to fish meat. And soybean protein powder is 1 to
20%, preferably 2-10%, calcium salt 0.0
It is 3 to 0.15%, preferably 0.06 to 0.12%.

If the total fat soybean powder and / or soybean whey is less than 0.03%, it is difficult to expect the effect of preventing the product from returning, and if it is added in excess of 0.3%, the flavor, color tone and water retention are improved. It tends to be inferior. If the powdery soybean protein content is less than 1%, it becomes difficult to expect water retention of the product, and if it is added in excess of 20%, the flavor and color tone tend to be poor. If the calcium salt content is less than 0.03%, the anti-reversion effect cannot be expected, and if it is added in excess of 0.15%, the flavor tends to be poor. The weight ratio of the full-fat soybean flour and / or soybean whey to the powdery soybean protein is preferably 1: 100 to 30: 100, and more preferably 3: 100 to 25: 100.

In the present invention, it is extremely important to add full-fat soybean flour and / or soybean whey, powdered soybean protein, and calcium salt in the same step in the production of fish paste and fish paste. is there. When each of these components is added to fish meat at different stages in the production process of fish meat paste and fish paste product, the effect of the present invention is weakened or not obtained at all.

In order to add the above-mentioned components at the same stage, it is desirable that the components be mixed in advance and added at a desired stage. However, in the manufacturing process of fish meat surimi, the treatment state changes significantly. If not, the components may be sequentially added in any order. In fact, the essential ingredients listed above
Further, if necessary, known components such as sugars, phosphates, seasonings and the like are mixed in advance into a powder form, or this is dissolved in water, dispersed or emulsified into a liquid state, and added to fish meat. desirable.

In the present invention, the timing of adding the above additives is not particularly limited. That is, in the manufacturing process of fish meat surimi, after meat extraction, during water exposure or thereafter, after dehydration, during meat extraction or after the subsequent crushing, added at an appropriate stage during crushing or after crushing, if desired this It can be frozen and made into fish meat surimi. Alternatively, it can be added at the crushing step of crushed meat or at the stage of seasoning, and the subsequent steps can be processed by a conventional method to finish a fish meat paste product, and the effects of the present invention can be sufficiently exhibited.

In the production of a fish paste product, if the fish paste containing the additives as described above is used as it is, the object of the present invention can of course be achieved. When it is not added, it can be added at the time of the crushing treatment if it is at a stage before the molding step of the kneaded product. Also in this case, each additive needs to be added at the same stage of processing.

Regarding the quality of the fish meat paste and fish paste product thus obtained, a kneaded product such as kamaboko is prototyped according to the above-mentioned production method, and its elasticity is mechanically measured,
In addition, the texture, color tone, flavor and the like can be evaluated organoleptically, whereby the effects of the present invention can be confirmed.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples and comparative examples.

[0028]

【Example】

(Example 1) A casing kamaboko was prepared by a conventional method using the compounded raw materials shown in Table 1. That is, Thawed cod roe surimi (commercial salt-free frozen surimi stored at -30 ° C for several months, land second grade and special grade) is thawed and coarsely ground using a silent cutter, then salt is added to add salt. Crisp and full-fat soybean powder (Nisshin Oil Co., Ltd.
Product name: Soya Flower NSA, 52.0 TIU /
mg (anhydrous equivalent), soybean protein powder (manufactured by Nisshin Oil Co., Ltd., concentrated soybean protein, trade name: Solpy 60)
0), calcium lactate (pentahydrate), and disodium hydrogen phosphate (anhydrous) mixed in advance with water, and liquid substances in which potato starch is dispersed in leveling water are added respectively, and 1
The main shearing treatment was performed for 0 minutes, the casing of the vinylidene chloride film was filled and tied, and the heat treatment was performed. The heat treatment was conducted in two steps by the following method in order to examine the sitting effect and the returning effect.

(Heating method) In the sitting effect, the first step: 30
C., 90 minutes, then second step: 90.degree. C., 40 minutes heat treatment. In the return heating, heat treatment was performed for the first stage: 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then for the second stage: 90 ° C. for 40 minutes.

[0030]

[Table 1] In order to evaluate the quality of the trial manufactured casing kamaboko, the jelly strength was measured and the elasticity (cutting) was sensory evaluated. The jelly strength was measured by using a rheometer (manufactured by Fudo Kogyo Co., Ltd., NRM-2002J type, diameter 5 mm spherical plunger), breaking load (g), and depression (c).
m) was measured, and the product (g · cm) was defined as the jelly strength. The sensory test was conducted by 10 panelists and judged by the average value evaluated by the 10-point method. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0031]

[Table 2] As is clear from Table 2, the combined use group (test group 1) of the full-fat soybean powder, the powdery soybean protein and the calcium salt according to the method of the present invention (test group 1) showed excellent results in both sitting and returning of casing kamaboko. In addition to the non-additive group (test group 8), the whole fat soybean powder only group (test group 4), the powdered soybean protein only group (test group 7), and the calcium salt only group It was also superior to the other test groups such as (Test group 6), and the synergistic effect of the combined addition of full-fat soybean powder, powdered soybean protein and calcium salt was confirmed.

Example 2 Using the raw materials shown in Table 3, casing kamaboko was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the jelly strength was measured and the sensory evaluation was conducted. As the soybean whey, soybean whey of alcohol-washed concentrated soybean protein (liquid, 35 TIU / mg (anhydrous equivalent)) was used. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0033]

[Table 3]

[0034]

[Table 4] As is clear from Table 4, the combined use group of soy whey, powdered soybean protein and calcium salt (Test Group 1) according to the method of the present invention shows excellent results in both sitting and returning of casing kamaboko. Of course, soybean whey only addition section (test section 4), powdered soybean protein only addition section (test section 7), calcium salt only addition section (test section 6) ), Etc., is superior to the other addition groups, and the synergistic effect of the combined addition of soy whey, powdered soybean protein and calcium salt was confirmed.

(Example 3) Using the raw materials shown in Table 5, casing kamaboko was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the jelly strength was measured and the sensory evaluation was conducted. The full-fat soybean powder and soybean whey (alcohol-washed concentrated soybean protein whey, dried product) were prepared so that they had different trypsin inhibitor activities. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0036]

[Table 5]

[0037]

[Table 6] As shown in Table 6, the trypsin inhibitor activity was 3
When a full-fat soybean powder or soybean whey higher than 0 TIU / mg (anhydrous equivalent) was added, an effect of preventing reversion was observed, and excellent quality was obtained. In contrast, 3
It was found that the effect of preventing reversion is diminished when the amount lower than 0 TIU / mg (anhydrous equivalent) is used.

Example 4 Satsuma fried was prepared from the compounded raw materials shown in Table 7 by the following method. Thaw frozen Alaska pollack surimi (2nd grade on land) and frozen sardine surimi, add to it a mixture of full-fat soybean powder, powdered soybean protein and calcium salt in water, and add 4 using a small grinder. Coarse shearing was performed at ℃. Then, salt was added to the mixture to remove the salt, and further, a mixture of calcium sulfate, sodium glutamate, sugar, and glucose, and a mixture of spreading water and potato starch were sequentially added to carry out the main-shrinking treatment. Then, it was molded and fried using soybean oil at 155 ° C. for 4 minutes. The obtained Satsuma fried was sensory-qualified by 10 panelists. The quality evaluation was performed on the overall texture, that is, the feet, the color tone, and the flavor, and the average value evaluated by the 5-point method was used. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0039]

[Table 7]

[0040]

[Table 8] From the evaluation results shown in Table 8, the combined use group (test group 1) of the full-fat soybean powder, the powdery soybean protein and the calcium salt by the method of the present invention (test group 1) was very excellent in foot and flavor. . The color tone was also good. In particular, soybean whey only addition section (test section 4), powdered soybean protein only addition section (test section 7), calcium salt only addition section (test section) 6), etc., are superior to other addition groups, and the synergistic effect of the combined addition of full-fat soybean powder, powdered soybean protein and calcium salt is clear. As in this example, the effect of the present invention was outstanding when fish meat with a strong return such as sardine was used as a raw material.

(Example 5) Using the walleye pollack as a raw material,
In producing a frozen surimi (2nd grade on land) by a conventional method, first, raw fish was cooked, minced, exposed to water and then dehydrated to produce dehydrated meat. Next, the dehydrated meat was mixed with the additives shown in Table 9 and then frozen and stored frozen.

[0042]

[Table 9] (Example 6) The same method as in Example 1 was carried out by mixing 100 parts (by weight; the same applies hereinafter) of various kinds of walleye pollack frozen surimi obtained in Example 5, 3 parts of salt, 5 parts of potato starch and 30 parts of running water. The casing kamaboko was prototyped in, and the jelly strength was measured and the elasticity (cutting) was sensory evaluated. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0043]

[Table 10] From the test results in Table 10, the combined addition section (test section 1) in which the full-fat soybean flour, the powdery soybean protein and the calcium salt according to the method of the present invention are added shows superior values to any test section. Regarding the effects of enhancing sitting and preventing reversion, the effects of the combined addition of full-fat soybean powder, powdered soybean protein and calcium salt were significantly shown.

(Example 7 and Comparative Example 1) Using the compounded raw materials shown in Table 11, in the same manner as in Example 1, test groups 1 to 8
The following eight types of casing kamaboko were prepared, and the jelly strength was measured and sensory evaluation was performed. Further, for comparison, 10 kinds of casing kamaboko of test groups 9 to 18 were prepared using components outside the scope of the present invention as shown in Table 12 and Table 13, and the same measurement and evaluation were performed. . The sensory evaluation of texture was judged by the average value evaluated by the 10-point method, and the sensory evaluation of color tone and flavor was judged by the average value evaluated by the 5-point method. The results are shown in Tables 12 to 16.

[0045]

[Table 11]

[0046]

[Table 12]

[0047]

[Table 13]

[0048]

[Table 14]

[0049]

[Table 15]

[0050]

[Table 16] According to the evaluation results shown in Tables 12 to 16, the weight ratio of full-fat soybean and / or soybean whey and powdered soybean protein was determined as in Test Group 9 and Test Group 10 (Comparative Example). It can be seen that when the amount is less than the specific value described in, the returning jelly strength is low and the texture is bad. In addition, test section 11-
As in the case of the test section 14 (comparative example), when the addition rate of any one of the additives is lower than the specific value according to claim 5, the sitting jelly strength and / or the returning jelly is obtained. The strength is obviously reduced and the quality is reduced. Further, as in the case of Test Group 15 to Test Group 18 (Comparative Example), if the addition rate of any one of the additives is higher than the specific value described in claim 5, the quality in flavor and color tone is improved. Is observed.

[0051]

According to the present invention as described above,
Full-fat soybean flour having a trypsin inhibitor activity of 30 TIU / mg or more in terms of anhydride in fish meat and / or
Soybean whey, powdered soybean protein, and calcium salt are added at the same time, and by a simple operation, synergistic action of the additives achieves enhancement of sitting and suppression of reversion, and the final heated gel As a result, the jelly strength and elasticity are enhanced, the water retention, color tone and flavor are also excellent, and economically inexpensive fish meat paste and fish paste products can be provided.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A full-fat soybean powder and / or soybean whey having a trypsin inhibitor activity of 30 TIU / mg or more in terms of an anhydride, soybean protein powder, and a calcium salt are simultaneously added to fish meat. The method for producing fish meat surimi. 2. Full-fat soybean flour and / or soybean whey is added in an amount of 0.03 to 0.3% by weight relative to fish meat,
The powdery soybean protein is 1 to 20% by weight, the calcium salt is 0.03 to 0.15% by weight, and the weight ratio of the full-fat soybean powder and / or soybean whey and the powdery soybean protein is The production method according to claim 1, which is 1: 100 to 30: 100. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powdery soybean protein is concentrated soybean protein or isolated soybean protein. 4. Full-fat soybean flour and / or soybean whey having a trypsin inhibitor activity of 30 TIU / mg or more in terms of anhydrate, a powdered soybean protein, and a calcium salt are simultaneously added to fish meat. The method of manufacturing fish paste products. 5. A full-fat soybean flour and / or soybean whey is added in an amount of 0.03 to 0.3% by weight of fish meat,
The powdery soybean protein is 1 to 20% by weight, the calcium salt is 0.03 to 0.15% by weight, and the weight ratio of the full-fat soybean powder and / or soybean whey and the powdery soybean protein is The production method according to claim 4, which is 1: 100 to 30: 100. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the powdery soybean protein is concentrated soybean protein or isolated soybean protein.