JPH09100697A - Cutter bit replacing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the size and weight, simplify the structure, and facilitate the assembling in a cutter bit replacing device. SOLUTION: A replacing cutter bit 30 is housed in a casing 32 in such a manner as to be capable of protruding and recessing. A cylinder 33 is installed to the casing 32, a piston 37 movably fitted into the cylinder 33 is fixed to one end part of a connecting rod 35 the other end part of which is connected to the replacing cutter bit 30, and a fluid supplying and discharging means for supplying and discharging a fluid to and from each chamber within the cylinder is provided. A locking recessed part is formed on the connecting rod 35, and a lock pin 45 engagingly locked by the locking recessed part 42 when the replacing cutter bit 30 is in the protruding position is installed to the cylinder 33.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutter bit exchanging device for exchanging cutter bits mounted on a cutter head together with a fixed cutter bit, and a tunnel excavator equipped with the exchanging device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a shield excavator for excavating ground, a cutter head which is rotatable and rotatable is mounted on a front part of a cylindrical excavator body, and a plurality of shield heads are circumferentially mounted on a rear part. The jacks are arranged side by side, and the segment elector device is mounted. When excavating and forming a tunnel, while rotating the cutter head,
By excavating the excavator main body by extending the shield jack and pushing it against the existing segment, the excavator body is excavated. Then, the excavated earth and sand are discharged to the outside, and the segments are assembled to the tunnel wall surface by the segment elector device to construct a tunnel of a predetermined length.

In such a shield excavator, a tunnel is formed by excavating the ground in front by a large number of cutter bits fixed to a rotating cutter head.
When the tunnel to be excavated is a long distance, the fixed cutter bit mounted on the cutter head may be worn during excavation work.In this case, the excavation work must be stopped and the fixed cutter bit must be replaced. I won't. Normally, the shield excavator is stopped to discharge all the excavated earth and sand in the chamber room, and an operator in this chamber room enters and replaces the cutter bit, that is, removes the worn cutter bit and installs a new cutter bit. .

However, in the replacement work of the cutter bit in this shield excavator, there is a problem that the burden on the operator is heavy and the replacement work takes a long time. Therefore, a replacement cutter bit is stored in advance in the cutter head adjacent to the fixed cutter bit,
A cutter bit exchanging device has been proposed in which, when the fixed cutter bit is worn, the exchanging cutter bit is projected to perform excavation work.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a cutter bit exchanging device mounted on a conventional shield excavator, and FIG. 6 is VI-VI.
A cross section, FIG. 7 shows a cross section of a main part showing an operating state of the cutter bit exchanging device.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a cylindrical casing 102 is fixed to a cutas pork 101 fixed to a cutter head (not shown), and a bit of a replacement cutter bit 103 is fixed in the casing 102. The main body 104 is slidably mounted. The bit body 104 of the exchange cutter bit 103 can be moved by the hydraulic jack 105 mounted on the casing 102. Further, a pair of crescent-shaped locking pieces 106 are attached to the bit main body 104 so as to be movable in the radial direction, and a pair of compression springs 10 interposed therebetween.
It is urged and supported outward by 7. On the other hand, the inner peripheral surface of the casing 102 is formed with a recess 108 for locking the pair of locking pieces 106.

Therefore, when a tunnel is formed by driving the shield excavator and excavating the ground in front by a large number of fixed cutter bits fixed to the cutter head, as shown in FIG. Is stored in the casing 102. When the fixed cutter bit is worn, the exchanging cutter bit 103 stored in the casing 102 is projected to perform excavation work. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the hydraulic jack 10
When 5 is extended and the bit body 104 is moved along the casing 102, the replacement cutter bit 103 projects in front of the casing 102. Then, the pair of locking pieces 106 is locked in the recess 108 by the biasing force of the compression spring 107, so that the replacement cutter bit 103 is fixed at a position protruding from the cutas pork 101. When the cutter head is rotated in this state, the replacement cutter bit 1
A tunnel can be formed by excavating the ground in front by 03.

[0008]

However, in the conventional cutter bit exchanging device for the shield excavator,
A replacement cutter bit 103 is movably supported in a casing 102, and a pair of locking pieces 106 for fixing the replacement cutter bit 103 at a protruding position is compressed on a bit body 104 of the replacement cutter bit 103. Spring 107
It is attached so as to urge it outward. Therefore, there is a problem that the replacement cutter bit 103 and the bit main body 104 become large in size, and the mounting space to the cutter head is restricted. In addition, the device becomes complicated and the assembling work is troublesome, and malfunctions are more likely to occur.
If 03 is projected and the locking piece 106 is locked in the recess 108, there is also a problem in that the entire cutter bit 103 must be disassembled in order to return to the original storage position.

Further, the locking piece 106 and the recess 108 described above are also provided.
Instead of a fixing device for the replacement cutter bit 103 using the above, there is a device in which the supply line of the hydraulic jack 105 is closed and the replacement cutter bit 103 is fixed to the storage position or the protruding position by the hydraulic pressure. However, in order to fix the replacement cutter bit 103 at each position by hydraulic pressure, various on-off valves and sensors are required in addition to the hydraulic pressure supply line, which not only complicates the apparatus, but also
There is a problem that the manufacturing cost also rises.

The present invention solves such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cutter bit exchanging device and a tunnel excavator which are compact and lightweight and have a simple structure and are easy to assemble. To do.

[0011]

A cutter bit exchanging device according to the present invention for achieving the above object is such that a cutter head is rotatably mounted on a front portion of an excavator main body and is fixed to the cutter head. In a cutter bit exchanging device for an exchanging cutter bit mounted together with the casing, a casing accommodating the exchanging cutter bit retractably, a connecting rod connected to the exchanging cutter bit, and the connecting rod in an axial direction. The present invention is characterized by comprising moving means for moving and locking means for holding the replacement cutter bit at the protruding position by locking the connecting rod from the outside.

Therefore, when the replacement cutter bit is used, when the connecting rod is axially moved by the moving means, the replacement cutter bit connected to the connecting rod projects from the casing, and the locking means is connected at this protruding position. By locking the rod from the outside, the replacement cutter bit is held at the protruding position.

Further, the cutter bit exchanging device of the present invention is
While mounting a cylindrical cylinder on the casing, one end is fitted into the other end of the connecting rod connected to the replacement cutter bit, and the movable piston is solidified, Fluid supply / discharge means for supplying / discharging fluid is provided in each chamber in the cylinder partitioned by the piston, and a locking recess is formed in the connecting rod, while the cylinder is press-contactable with the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod. According to another aspect of the present invention, a lock pin that locks in the locking recess when the replacement cutter bit is located at the protruding position is mounted.

Therefore, when the fluid is supplied to one of the chambers in the cylinder by the fluid supplying / discharging means, the piston in the cylinder moves, and the replacement cutter bit connected to the piston via the connecting rod projects from the casing. The replacement cutting bit is held at the projecting position by locking the lock pin, which is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod at the projecting position, in the locking recess.

Further, the tunnel excavator of the present invention has a cylindrical excavator main body, a cutter head rotatably mounted on the front portion of the excavator main body, and a front portion fixed to the front surface of the cutter head. A large number of fixed cutter bits for crushing the ground of, and a replacement cutter bit mounted on the front surface of the cutter head so as to be retractable adjacent to the fixed cutter bit.
In a tunnel excavator including cutter bit exchanging means for retracting the exchanging cutter bit from the front surface of the cutter head, cutter head driving means for driving and rotating the cutter head, and propulsion means for advancing the excavator body. , Connecting the connecting rod to the exchanging cutter bit to support the connecting rod axially movably by moving means, and locking the exchanging cutter bit to the protruding position by locking the connecting rod from the outside. It is characterized in that a lock means for holding the same is provided.

Therefore, when the excavator body is advanced by the propulsion means while the cutter head mounted on the front part of the tubular excavator body is driven and rotated by the cutter head drive means, the excavator body is fixed to the front surface of the cutter head. A large number of fixed cutter bits crush the ground in front and excavate the tunnel.
Many replacement cutter bits are stored without protruding from the front of the cutter head, and when the fixed cutter bit wears due to long-term use, the replacement cutter bit is axially moved by the moving means via the connecting rod. When it moves, it projects outward, and at this projecting position, the locking means locks the connecting rod from the outside to hold this replacement cutter bit at the projecting position. In this state, the excavator main body is moved forward while driving and rotating the cutter head, so that a large number of replacement cutter bits can crush the ground in front and excavate the tunnel.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings and examples.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main part of a cutter bit exchanging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an essential part showing an operating state of the cutter bit exchanging apparatus of the present embodiment, and FIG. A front view showing a shield excavator equipped with a cutter bit exchanging device is shown in FIG. 4, and a longitudinal section of this shield excavator is shown.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in the shield excavator of this embodiment, the excavator main body 11 has a cylindrical shape, and the cylindrical body 12 is rotatably attached to the front portion thereof. The disk-shaped cutter head 13 is fixed to the cutter 12, so that the cutter head 13 is attached to the excavator body 11
It is freely rotatable. Radial spokes 14 are fixed to the front surface of the cutter head 13, and a large number of leading cutter bits 15 and fixed cutter bits 16 are fixed to the spokes 14. In addition, a copy cutter 18 which is freely retractable to and from the outside by a hydraulic cylinder 17 is attached to the spoke 14. On the other hand, a ring gear 19 is fixed to the rear portion of the cylindrical body 12 integrated with the cutter head 12, and a drive gear 21 of a cutter drive motor 20 mounted on the excavator body 11 is meshed with the ring gear 19. .

The cutter head 1 is attached to the excavator body 11.
A chamber chamber 23 is formed between the bulkhead 22 and the bulkhead 22, and a front end portion of a screw conveyor 24 that discharges the excavated earth and sand to the outside is located below the chamber chamber 21. Although not shown, a plurality of shield jacks are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction on the rear portion of the excavator main body 11,
Equipped with a segment erector device, the shield jack extends and pushes against the existing segment assembled on the inner circumferential surface of the excavated tunnel, whereby the excavator main body 11 can be advanced by its reaction force. A tunnel can be constructed by mounting a new segment in a space between the excavator main body 11 and an existing segment by the erector device.

Further, in the above-described tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, a plurality of exchangeable cutter bits 30 can be exchanged adjacent to the plurality of fixed cutter bits 16 arranged in parallel on the cutter head 13. A cutter bit device 31 is provided. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, a cylindrical casing 32 is fixed at a position adjacent to the fixed cutter bit 16 in the cutas pork 14, and a replacement cutter bit 33 is detachably mounted in the casing 32. Has been done. The casing 32 has a cylindrical cylinder 3
3 is fixed, and a seal member 34 is provided in the cylinder 33.
A connecting rod 35 is supported movably in the axial direction via a connecting rod 35. One end of the connecting rod 35 is fixed to a replacement cutter bit 30 in a casing 32 by a fixing bolt 36, while the other end is formed in the cylinder. It is fixed to a piston 37, which is movably fitted in 33. The inside of the cylinder 33 is divided into two chambers 37 by a piston 37.
A hydraulic fluid supply / discharge device (not shown) for supplying / discharging pressure oil as a moving means of the replacement cutter bit 30 is connected to the ports 38a, 38b of the chambers 37a, 37b, respectively.

Further, the cylinder 33 is provided with a lock means 41 for holding the replacement cutter bit 30 at the projecting position by locking the connecting rod 35 from the outside. That is, the locking recess 42 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the other end of the connecting rod 35.
On the other hand, a housing 43 is fixed to one end of the cylinder 33, and a lock that is movable inside the cylinder 33 by penetrating the cylinder 33 by being biased by a compression spring 44 inside the housing 43. A pin 44 is provided. Therefore, the lock pin 44 can be pressed into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod 35, and when the replacement cutter bit 30 is located at the projecting position.
The replacement cutter bit 30 can be held at the protruding position by being locked in the locking recess 42.

Therefore, in order to excavate and form a tunnel, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, first, the cutter drive motor 20 is used.
While rotating the cutter head 13, the plurality of shield jacks are extended and the excavator main body 11 is moved forward by the reaction force against the existing segment, whereby the preceding ground is cut by the preceding cutter bit 15 and the fixed cutter bit 16. Excavate. And the cutter bits 15 and 16
The earth and sand excavated by is taken into the chamber 23, and the excavated earth and sand is discharged to the outside by the screw conveyor 24. Next, one of the shield jacks is operated in the contraction direction to form a space with the existing segment, and a new segment is attached to this space by the segment erector device. By repeating this operation, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed.

A fixed cutter bit 1 mounted on the cutter head 13 during excavation work by such a shield excavator.
When 6 becomes worn and needs to be replaced, the replacement cutter bit device 31 projects the replacement cutter bit 30 and the protruding replacement cutter bit 30 is held at the projected position by the lock device 41. The excavation work is performed by the replacement cutter bit 30.

That is, the replacement cutter bit 30 shown in FIG.
From the stored state of the port 38 by the hydraulic fluid supply / discharge device.
When pressure oil is supplied to the chamber 37b in the cylinder 33 via b, the piston 37 in the cylinder 33 moves upward, and the replacement cutter bit 30 in the casing 32 moves in the same direction via the connecting rod 35. However, the replacement cutter bit 30 projects outward from the cutas pork 14.
When the replacement cutter bit 30 is located at the projecting position, the lock pin 45 is locked in the locking recess 42 of the connecting rod 35 by the urging force of the compression spring 44, and the replacement cutter bit 30 is located at the projecting position. Retained. After that, excavation work is performed by the protruding cutter bit 30 for replacement.

[0026]

As described above in detail with reference to the embodiments, according to the cutter bit exchanging device of the present invention, the exchanging cutter bit is retractably housed in the casing and the connecting rod is connected to the exchanging cutter bit. Since the connecting rod is movable in the axial direction by the connecting means and the connecting rod is locked from the outside by the locking means, the replacement cutter bit is held at the protruding position, so that the size and weight are reduced. And the structure can be simplified, and when the fixed cutter bit is worn out, the replacement cutter bit can be easily protruded to perform the replacement work, and the replacement cutter bit can be tested by the operation test before mounting. Even if the bit is projected, it can be easily reassembled without disassembling, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Further, according to the cutter bit exchanging device of the present invention, a cylinder is mounted on the casing, and one end of the connecting rod is connected to the exchanging cutter bit. Fluid supply / drainage means for supplying / discharging fluid to / from each chamber in the cylinder that is partitioned by this piston, and the engaging recess is formed in the connecting rod, while the replacement cutter bit is in the protruding position in the cylinder. Since the lock pin that locks in the locking recess when mounted is attached, the replacement cutter bit can be easily and easily held in the protruding position by locking the lock pin in the locking recess.

According to the tunnel excavator of the present invention,
A cutter head that can be driven and rotated is attached to the front part of the tubular excavator body, and a large number of fixed cutter bits and a large number of interchangeable cutter bits that can be retracted are attached to the front of this cutter head, making it a replacement cutter bit. Since the connecting rod is connected and supported movably in the axial direction by the moving means, and the locking means for holding the replacement cutter bit at the protruding position by locking the connecting rod from the outside is provided, it is small and lightweight. And the structure can be simplified, and when the fixed cutter bit is worn, the replacement cutter bit can be easily projected to perform the replacement work, and the cost of the tunnel excavator can be reduced. At the same time, the workability of tunnel excavation work can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an essential part of a cutter bit exchanging device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts showing an operating state of the cutter bit exchanging device according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing a shield excavator equipped with the cutter bit exchanging device of the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the shield excavator of this embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a cutter bit exchanging device mounted on a conventional shield excavator.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts showing an operating state of the cutter bit exchanging device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Excavator Main Body 13 Cutter Head 14 Spoke 16 Fixed Cutter Bit 20 Cutter Drive Motor 30 Replacement Cutter Bit 31 Replacement Cutter Bit Device 32 Casing 33 Cylinder 35 Connecting Rod 37 Piston 41 Locking Device 42 Locking Recess 44 Compression Spring 45 Lock Pin

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A cutter bit exchanging device for an exchanging cutter bit, wherein a cutter head is rotatably mounted on a front part of an excavator body, and the exchanging cutter bit is attached to the cutter head together with a fixed cutter bit. A casing housed in a retractable manner, a connecting rod connected to the replacement cutter bit, moving means for moving the connecting rod in the axial direction, and the replacement cutter by locking the connecting rod from the outside. A cutter bit exchanging device comprising: locking means for holding the bit at a protruding position. 2. The cutter bit exchanging device according to claim 1, wherein a cylindrical cylinder is attached to the casing, and the cylinder is attached to the other end of the connecting rod whose one end is connected to the exchanging cutter bit. A movable piston is fitted into the inside of the cylinder to be solidified, and fluid supply / discharge means for supplying / discharging fluid to / from each chamber in the cylinder partitioned by the piston is provided, and a locking recess is formed in the connecting rod. On the other hand, the cylinder is equipped with a lock pin that is press-fittable to the outer peripheral surface of the connecting rod and that is locked in the locking recess when the replacement cutter bit is located at the protruding position. Cutter bit exchange device. 3. A tubular excavator main body, a cutter head rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator main body, and a large number of fixings for fixing the front ground of the cutter head to crush the ground in front. A cutter bit, a replacement cutter bit mounted on the front surface of the cutter head so as to be adjacent to the fixed cutter bit so that the cutter bit can be retracted, and a cutter bit replacement means for retracting the replacement cutter bit from the front surface of the cutter head.
In a tunnel excavator equipped with a cutter head drive means for driving and rotating the cutter head and a propulsion means for advancing the excavator body, a connecting rod is connected to the replacement cutter bit and the connecting rod is moved by a moving means. A tunnel excavator, which is movably supported in the axial direction, and provided with locking means for holding the replacement cutter bit at a protruding position by locking the connecting rod from the outside.