JPH09165703A - Sleeper tree - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [PROBLEMS] The sleepers laid at the junctions of railroad branches and rails have large track sinking, lateral slippage, and vibration, and the surface of the sleepers is easily worn to cause dents. SOLUTION: Other than the upper surface 21 of the sleeper body 20, it is covered with a protective layer 10. As another sleeper, the sleeper body 20 formed of glass fiber and foamed resin is housed in a box-shaped cover 40. However, the sleeper body 2
The upper surface 21 of 0 is exposed from the cover 40 so that the rail 2 can be fastened.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sleeper laid particularly at a branch portion or a seam portion of a rail, and more specifically, to prevent depressions on the surface even if there is track sinking, lateral slippage, or vibration, or track sinking. , A lateral sleep, and a sleeper tree that prevents vibration.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Pillows are made of wood, depending on the material.
Classified into C (Prestressed Concrete) sleepers and synthetic sleepers. Wood sleepers have the advantages that they are highly elastic, that rails can be easily fastened, they can be handled easily, and that they are inexpensive. However, wood sleepers are not only short-lived and have low track resistance, but they are also depleted of wood resources. Therefore, in recent years, the use of PC sleepers has increased more than that of wood sleepers.

PC sleepers are constructed by pre-stressing concrete with a built-in steel wire and using it in a stressed state to strengthen the bending resistance. Therefore, the cost of PC sleepers is about twice as high as that of wood sleepers, but cracks are less likely to occur against bending loads, the service life is about 5 times longer than that of wood sleepers, and maintenance is reduced by elastic fastening. There are advantages such as being able to. However, since the train load and the lateral pressure are applied at the branch part and the joint part of the rail and the vibration is severe, the PC sleepers cannot be used.

Therefore, wood sleepers or synthetic sleepers are used at the branching portions and the joints of the rails. Synthetic sleepers are not only light and strong, but also durable as they are formed by laminating several molded products made of long glass fibers and foamed resin such as rigid foamed polyurethane, for example, sheet-shaped ones. It has excellent properties.

No matter what kind of sleeper tree is used, it is laid in the roadbed piled on the roadbed. The roadbed depends on the route conditions.
Ballast, concrete and slab beds are selected. Ballast ballasts are used more often than concrete or slab ballasts because of their low construction costs and the ease with which track deviations can be corrected relatively easily. The ballast distributes the load applied to the pillows from the train via the rails widely and transmits it to the roadbed, prevents the lateral movement of the vehicle, the movement of the pillows due to the expansion and contraction of the rails, and absorbs the vibration energy accompanying the vehicle running. , Gravel and crushed stone are adopted.

However, since the gravel and crushed stone used for this ballast are hard and tough stones such as granite and andesite, there is a problem that the ballast wears the sleeper and dents the surface of the sleeper. there were. Especially,
The sleepers laid at the junctions of railroad branches and rails are subject to track subsidence and sometimes lateral slippage due to train passage.
A so-called “flapping” phenomenon occurs, in which the orbit moves up and down. Moreover, since the wood sleepers and the synthetic sleepers are often used as the sleepers used in the branch portions and the joints of the rails, the sleepers are likely to have a dent on the surface thereof.

That is, since the wood sleeper is soft, the surface of the wood sleeper that is in contact with the ballast is worn by friction, and a dent is generated. On the other hand, since synthetic sleepers are composed of long glass fibers and hard foamed resin, they are more likely to wear than wood sleepers in terms of chipping or chipping. In any of the sleepers, when the surface is worn and a dent occurs, ballast enters the dent, the dent further expands, and the service life becomes short.

In view of these problems, the present applicant has proposed a sleeper for solving the above-mentioned problems in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-796.
84. This pillow is on the roadbed laying surface,
One or more ridges are formed in a direction substantially orthogonal to the major axis of the sleeper main body. When the ridges bite into the ballast, the sleeper is less likely to shift in the long axis direction, the frequency of rubbing against the ballast is reduced, and wear of the sleeper is prevented.

There is also a cable-protective sleeper having a "convex" side surface shape as the sleeper, and the stepped portion is used as a cable storage portion for power and signals. However, the cable protection sleeper has a problem in that ballast tends to accumulate in the step portion, and large and many dents are generated in the step portion.

[0010]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention
The sleeper disclosed in No. 684 prevents lateral slippage due to the ridges formed on the road laying surface. However, just by forming a ridge on the roadbed laying surface of the pillow,
It is not possible to prevent the so-called "flapping" phenomenon in which the orbit moves up and down. Therefore, in the conventional sleeper, the problem that the surface in contact with the ballast is rubbed and the surface is dented has not been solved.

In view of the above, according to the present invention, not only the lateral displacement, but also the depression of the orbit and the occurrence of vibration do not cause a dent on the surface.
Alternatively, it is an object to provide a sleeper tree that is free from orbit subsidence, lateral displacement, and vibration.

[0012]

[Means for Solving the Problems] A first means for solving the above problems is a sleeper characterized in that at least one of the bottom surface and the side surface of the sleeper body is covered with a protective layer.

According to the above-mentioned first means, even if the ballast around the sleeper rubs the surface of the sleeper due to lateral slippage, orbit subsidence, or vibration, the protective layer covering the bottom surface or the side surface of the sleeper main body , It is possible to prevent the sleeper body from denting.

Two means for solving the above-mentioned problems are a sleeper main body molded from glass fiber and foamed resin,
It is a sleeper that is stored in a cover so that its surface is exposed.

According to the above-mentioned second means, the rail is fastened to the surface of the sleeper main body exposed from the cover, and the portion other than the surface of the sleeper main body is protected from the ballast of the track by the cover. Further, since this sleeper tree is a combination of the sleeper body and the cover, the weight is reduced, and not only lateral displacement but also track sinking and vibration are less likely to occur.

A third means for solving the above problem is a sleeper characterized in that the cover described in the second means is made of concrete.

According to the third means described above, the weight of the sleeper is increased because the cover is made of concrete. Further, the concrete cover is not damaged by the ballast of the roadbed, and the sleeper body in the cover is surely protected.

[0018]

Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. 1 (a) is a front sectional view of a sleeper tree according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG.
(B) is a side sectional view of the same. 2 (a) is a front sectional view of a sleeper according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 (b) is a side sectional view of the same. FIG.
It is sectional drawing which shows the metal mold | die and the sleeper which show the manufacturing method of the sleeper which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.

The sleeper according to the embodiment of the present invention has an upper surface 2 of the sleeper main body 20 as shown in FIGS.
The protective layer 10 made of a wear-resistant material is formed on five surfaces (bottom surface and side surface) except for 1. The sleeper main body 20 may be a wood sleeper, but a sleeper made of resin such as a synthetic sleeper that does not corrode or change in dimension is preferable. The known synthetic sleepers are as described above, but as another material for the sleepers, for example, a foam made of hard urethane resin reinforced with long glass fibers (Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. trade name Eslon Neo-Lumber FFU).
Etc.) can be used in a single layer or in a laminated form. The foam made of hard urethane resin reinforced with long glass fibers is extremely durable and can be sawed or tapped. It is used as a sleeper main body 20 by cutting dimensions and cutting the tie plate installation surface. it can.

The glass fiber constituting the synthetic sleeper may be a short fiber, but a long fiber is preferable. Further, as the foamed resin forming the synthetic sleeper, epoxy resin, polyester resin, or the like can be used in addition to urethane resin. Further, the weight of the sleeper main body 20 is reduced by forming the sleeper main body 20 with foamed resin.

On the other hand, the protective layer 10 for preventing the surface of the sleeper from being worn by the ballast is formed of a rubber sheet or a wear resistant material. Rubber sheet is SB
A rubber abrasion-resistant sheet such as R can be attached to the surface of the sleeper main body 20 with an adhesive.
However, when the sleeper body 20 is a sleeper tree,
It is possible that the adhesive penetrates into the tree sleeper tree, making it difficult to attach the rubber sheet, but if the sleeper body is a synthetic sleeper tree, the adhesive will separate the rubber sheet and the synthetic sleeper tree with sufficient durability. Can be attached.

If the protective layer 10 is formed of a wear resistant material instead of a rubber sheet, there will be no problem such as peeling due to variations in adhesive quality. As the wear-resistant material, a two-component reaction type epoxy resin or urethane resin is preferable, and an elastic urethane resin or urethane elastomer is preferable.

The wear-resistant material is used for the sleeper main body 2
To cover the surface of No. 0 to form the protective layer 10, a mold 30 which is slightly larger than the side surface of the sleeper main body 20 is prepared. The sleeper main body 20 is placed in the mold 30, and a liquid wear-resistant material is injected into the gap between the mold 30 and the sleeper main body 20 (FIG. 3b). At this stage, the protective layer 10 formed on the bottom surface of the sleeper body 20 has the sleeper body 2
Formed on the top surface side of No. 0, and after the liquid wear resistant material is hardened, the sleeper is demolded and the top and bottom are inverted (FIG. 3c).
Therefore, by the thickness of forming the protective layer 10 on the bottom side,
The height of the mold 30 is made higher than the height of the sleeper main body 20.

The sleeper according to the present invention is not limited to the rectangular parallelepiped shape shown in FIG. 1, but can also be used for a cable protection sleeper having a "convex" side surface shape as shown in FIG. . Also in this case, the side surface of the sleeper main body 20 other than the upper surface 21 is covered with the protective layer 10. The materials of the sleeper main body 20 and the protective layer 10 are the same as those described above.

As shown in the figure, the sleeper tree shown in FIG. 1 or the sleeper tree shown in FIG. 2 is embedded in the ballast 1 so that the upper surface 21 is exposed and is not shown. Pillow body 20 depending on the rate
The rail 2 is fastened to the upper surface 21 of the. Even if the train passes through the rails 2 and the sleepers lose track, slip, and vibrate, and the ballast 1 rubs the surface of the sleepers, the sleeper body 20 is not rubbed by the protective layer 10. Therefore, even if the sleeper has a track sinking, a lateral displacement, or a vibration, the sleeper main body 20 does not have a recess.

[0026]

[Example 1] The product specific gravity of the sleeper body is preferably set to about 0.74 by using a foamed resin body.
Specifically, a foam (a product name of Eslon Neo-Lumber FFU manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) in which hard urethane resin is reinforced with long glass fibers can be used. When a rubber sheet made of SBR is used as the protective layer, its thickness is preferably about 3 to 10 mm. Even when an elastic urethane resin or urethane elastomer is adopted as the protective layer, the thickness thereof is the same as that of the rubber sheet.

[0027]

Second Embodiment of the Invention A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a sleeper according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 5A is a front sectional view of a sleeper tree according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a side sectional view of a sleeper tree according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the sleeper according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the same parts as those in the first embodiment of the present invention are designated by the same reference numerals.

The sleeper according to the second embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the sleeper main body 20 is housed in a box-shaped cover 40. The sleeper main body 20 uses a so-called synthetic sleeper that is molded from glass fiber and foamed resin. The cover 40 is manufactured from concrete or resin concrete (hereinafter, simply referred to as “concrete”). However, the cover 40
Reinforcing material 41 such as wire mesh and lath is arranged inside the cover 4
It is desirable to increase the strength of 0.

The sleeper body 20 housed in the cover 40 as described above has an upper surface 21 exposed from the cover 40.
The rail 2 can be fastened to the upper surface 21 of the sleeper body 20. It is easier to work the rail 2 on the synthetic sleepers than on the concrete, and it is preferable that the load when the train passes is carried by the durable synthetic sleepers. Therefore, the upper surface 21 of the sleeper main body 20 is It is exposed so that the rail 2 can be fastened.

The upper surface 21 of the sleeper can be projected from the edge portion 42 of the cover 40 to fasten the rail 2, but the edge portion of the cover 40 can be easily tampered with to compact the ballast (not shown). 42 and the upper surface 21 of the sleeper main body 20 are preferably on the same plane. That is, the edge portion 42 of the cover 40 is more than the sleeper body 20.
When the height is low, the ballast is placed on the edge portion 42 of the lowered cover 40, and the outer periphery of the sleeper cannot be visually observed. Therefore, if the edge portion 42 of the cover 40 is lower than the upper surface 21 of the sleeper main body 20, the cover 40 may be damaged when the work of tampering is performed by a machine. Therefore, it is desirable that the edge portion 42 of the cover 40 and the upper surface 21 of the sleeper main body 20 be flush with each other.

Such a sleeper tree can be manufactured by the following method. First, a large number of bolt holes are formed on the side surface of the main body 20 of the sleeper manufactured from a so-called synthetic sleeper. Next, the upper surface 21 of the sleeper main body 20
Are installed on the floor surface, and the outer periphery of the sleeper main body 20, that is, five surfaces other than the upper surface 21 joined to the floor surface are surrounded by a reinforcing material 41 such as a wire mesh at intervals. The reinforcing material 41 is fixed by bolts 43 screwed into bolt holes formed in the side surface of the sleeper main body 20.

Next, the periphery of the reinforcing member 41 is surrounded by a mold frame which is slightly larger than the reinforcing member 41. Concrete is poured into the space formed between the formwork and the sleeper body 20 to form the cover 40. Although the sleeper main body 20 manufactured from a so-called synthetic sleeper and the cover 40 made of concrete are not bonded, as shown in FIG. The sleeper main body 20 and the cover 40 are integrated because they are fixed by. Therefore, as shown by the phantom line in FIG.
It is also possible to form a groove 22 in the lengthwise direction at a position that does not obstruct the bolt hole on the side surface of the, and concrete flows into this groove 22 so that the sleeper body 20 and the cover 40 fit together. .

The concrete poured into the formwork also covers the exposed upper surface of the sleeper main body 20. When the concrete hardens, the sleeper tree in which the sleeper body 20 is housed in the concrete cover 40 is completed. However, the top and bottom of the sleeper main body 20 is turned upside down and used.

That is, the main sleeper is the sleeper main body 2
The upper surface 21 where 0 is exposed is set to the upper side and is laid in the roadbed stacked on the roadbed. The upper surface 2 of this sleeper body 20
1 and the rail 2 are fastened, and the cover 40 is embedded in the ballast. Therefore, the sleeper main body 20 does not directly contact the ballast. Further, since the present sleeper is composed of the sleeper main body 20 and the cover 40, the weight of the sleeper is larger than that of the conventional sleeper, and the sleeper is larger in size.

Therefore, even if this train is used for a branch portion or a curve of a ballast ballast and a train passes over this train, not only lateral slippage but also track settlement and vibration are unlikely to occur. Further, even if the sleeper is laterally displaced and the track sinks or vibrates, the cover 40 only rubs against the ballast. Since the cover 40 is made of concrete, it does not wear even if it is rubbed by ballast. Furthermore, the sleeper main body 20 in the cover 40 is not worn by being rubbed by the ballast.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and the design can be changed within the scope of the present invention. For example, in the above example, the sleeper is the sleeper main body 2
Although the case where 0 and the cover 40 are integrated and transported to the roadbed has been described, it is also possible to integrate the 0 and the cover 40 at the laying place of the roadbed. That is, the cover 40 is formed to be slightly thicker than the case where the cover 40 and the sleeper body 2 are integrated.
0 and 0 are separately transported to the installation location of the roadbed.

By transporting the cover 40 and the sleeper main body 20 separately, the weight is reduced and the workability is improved. Then, after installing the cover 40 at the laying place of the sleeper, the sleeper main body 20 is housed in the cover 40. In this case, the sleeper body 20 and the cover 40 are attached to the bolt 4
Even if they are not integrated by 3, the sleeper main body 20 is protected by the cover 40.

[0038]

[Embodiment 2] When the sleeper according to the present invention is used for a branch portion of a ballast ballast, the size of the sleeper main body 20 is 230 mm in width, 140 mm in thickness, and 2,700 mm in length. As a material for the main body 20 of the sleeper, a foam made of hard urethane resin reinforced with long glass fibers (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.)
It is also possible to use the product name Eslon Neo Lumber FFU, etc.) in a single layer or in a laminated form. The foam made of hard urethane resin reinforced with long glass fibers is extremely durable and can be sawed or tapped. It is used as a sleeper main body 20 by cutting dimensions and cutting the tie plate installation surface. it can. When such a sleeper main body 20 is stored in a cover 40 as shown in FIG. 4,
Sleepers of the size shown in Table 1 are obtained.

[0039]

[Table 1]

The cover 40 shown in FIG. 4 has an edge portion 42.
20mm lower than the upper surface 21 of the sleeper main body 20, and the thickness is
It is 25 mm. The sleeper having the sleeper main body 20 housed in such a cover 40 has a specific gravity of 1.20 as shown in Table 1, but the specific gravity is preferably 1.0 to 1.5.

This is because when the specific gravity becomes larger than 1.5,
The work during construction becomes heavy labor. Further, when the specific gravity is increased, the cover 40 becomes thicker, and as a result, the distance between the sleepers becomes narrower and the layer of ballast becomes thinner.
Then, a support is generated for the work of compacting the ballast. Therefore, to make the specific gravity of the sleeper tree 1.0 to 1.5,
It is desirable to form the cover 40.

[0042]

According to the present invention as set forth in claim 1, by covering a portion other than the upper surface of the sleeper main body with a protective layer, even if the ballast rubs the sleeper tree due to track sinking, lateral displacement, vibration, etc. There is no dent on the surface. In particular, in the sleepers with side shapes of "convex", do not use the stepped portion as a cable storage,
Even if the ballast enters the step, the protective layer can prevent the step from being dented. Therefore, the useful life of the sleeper becomes long, and it becomes possible not only to save the trouble of replacing the sleeper, but also to save the cost for capital investment.

According to the present invention as set forth in claims 2 and 3, since the sleeper main body is housed in the cover,
The weight of sleepers can be increased. Therefore, even if this sleeper is used for a branch portion or a curve of a ballast ballast, not only lateral displacement but also track sinking and vibration are less likely to occur. Further, even if the sleeper is laterally displaced or vibrated, the ballast only rubs the cover, and the sleeper body is not worn. Therefore, since the surface of the sleeper main body is not dented, the useful life of the sleeper is extended, the time for replacing the sleeper is reduced, and the cost for capital investment can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 is a cross-sectional view of a sleeper tree according to the present invention,
(A) is a front sectional view, and (b) is a side sectional view.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the sleeper according to the present invention, in which (a) is a front cross-sectional view and (b) is a side cross-sectional view.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a mold and a sleeper showing a method for manufacturing a sleeper according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a sleeper tree according to the present invention.

5A is a front sectional view of a sleeper tree according to the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a side sectional view of a sleeper tree according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged sectional view of a sleeper tree according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the sleeper tree described in the modified example of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols] 10 protective layer 20 sleeper body 21 upper surface 30 mold 40 cover

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A sleeper tree, characterized in that at least one of the bottom surface and the side surface of the sleeper body is covered with a protective layer. 2. A sleeper, wherein a sleeper main body formed of glass fiber and foamed resin is housed in a cover so that its surface is exposed. 3. A sleeper, characterized in that the cover according to claim 2 is made of concrete.