JPH09190073A - Electrostatic latent image developing method and developing device - Google Patents
Electrostatic latent image developing method and developing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09190073A JPH09190073A JP5672896A JP5672896A JPH09190073A JP H09190073 A JPH09190073 A JP H09190073A JP 5672896 A JP5672896 A JP 5672896A JP 5672896 A JP5672896 A JP 5672896A JP H09190073 A JPH09190073 A JP H09190073A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- latent image
- developer
- developing roller
- developing
- electrostatic latent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 45
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 6
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C1=O HZNVUJQVZSTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006311 Urethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC=C1CN=C=O FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHQOKFZWSDOTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 4-aminobenzoate Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC(O)CO)C=C1 WHQOKFZWSDOTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GVTFIGQDTWPFTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-2-chloro-1-isothiocyanatobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1N=C=S GVTFIGQDTWPFTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWFGDXZQZYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecansaeure-heptadecylester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC GWFGDXZQZYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBRNMIYLJIXXEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCN HBRNMIYLJIXXEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L nickel(2+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ni+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPHWVVKYDQHTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN UPHWVVKYDQHTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABSGTXBFAPVMAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid;trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C ABSGTXBFAPVMAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010483 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000249 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、複写機、プリンタ
等の電子写真装置や静電記録装置などにおける静電潜像
の現像方法及び現像装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a developing method and a developing device for an electrostatic latent image in an electrophotographic device such as a copying machine or a printer, an electrostatic recording device or the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】複写
機、プリンタ等の電子写真装置や静電記録装置などにお
いて、感光ドラム等の潜像保持体上に形成された静電潜
像に現像剤を供給して該静電潜像を可視化する現像過程
では、現像装置の小型化、低コスト化、高信頼性等の点
から現像剤として一成分現像剤を用いることが有利であ
る。2. Description of the Related Art In an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer or an electrostatic recording apparatus, a developer is applied to an electrostatic latent image formed on a latent image holding member such as a photosensitive drum. In the developing process in which the developer is supplied to visualize the electrostatic latent image, it is advantageous to use a one-component developer as the developer from the viewpoints of downsizing of the developing device, cost reduction, high reliability, and the like.
【０００３】従来、静電潜像を保持した感光ドラム等の
潜像保持体に一成分現像剤（以下、トナーという）を供
給して、潜像保持体上の静電潜像にトナーを付着させ、
静電潜像を可視化する現像方法には、トナー粒子を噴霧
状態にして用いるパウダークラウド法、トナー粒子を感
光ドラムの潜像面に直接接触させて現像する接触現像
法、トナー粒子を荷電して静電潜像の有する電界により
感光ドラムの潜像面に接触させずに現像するジャンピン
グ現像法、磁性を有する導電性トナーを静電潜像面に接
触させて現像するマグネタイト法等の現像法が知られて
いる。Conventionally, a one-component developer (hereinafter referred to as toner) is supplied to a latent image holding member such as a photosensitive drum holding an electrostatic latent image, and toner is attached to the electrostatic latent image on the latent image holding member. Let
The developing method for visualizing the electrostatic latent image includes a powder cloud method in which toner particles are sprayed, a contact developing method in which the toner particles are brought into direct contact with the latent image surface of the photosensitive drum to develop, and the toner particles are charged. Development methods such as a jumping development method of developing without contacting the latent image surface of the photosensitive drum by the electric field of the electrostatic latent image and a magnetite method of developing by contacting a conductive toner having magnetism with the electrostatic latent image surface Are known.
【０００４】上記接触現像法について説明すると、例え
ば図１に示したように、トナーを供給するためのトナー
塗布用ローラ２と静電潜像を保持した感光ドラム（静電
保持体）３との間に、導電性の弾性層を有する現像ロー
ラ１が感光ドラム３と接触又は近接した状態に配設さ
れ、これら現像ローラ１、感光ドラム３及びトナー塗布
用ローラ２がそれぞれ図中矢印方向に回転することによ
り、トナー４がトナー塗布用ローラ２により現像ローラ
１の表面に供給され、このトナーが成層ブレード５によ
り均一な薄層に整えられ、この状態で現像ローラ１が感
光ドラム３と接触又は近接しながら回転することによ
り、薄層に形成されたトナーが現像ローラ１から感光ド
ラム３の静電潜像１０に付着して、該潜像が可視化する
ようになっている。なお、図中６は転写部であり、ここ
で紙等の記録媒体７にトナー画像を転写するようになっ
ており、また８はクリーニング部であり、そのクリーニ
ングブレード９により転写後に感光ドラム３表面に残留
するトナーを除去するようになっている。The contact developing method will be described below. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a toner applying roller 2 for supplying toner and a photosensitive drum (electrostatic holding member) 3 holding an electrostatic latent image. A developing roller 1 having a conductive elastic layer is disposed in contact with or close to the photosensitive drum 3, and the developing roller 1, the photosensitive drum 3 and the toner coating roller 2 rotate in the directions of the arrows in the figure. By doing so, the toner 4 is supplied to the surface of the developing roller 1 by the toner applying roller 2, and this toner is adjusted to a uniform thin layer by the stratifying blade 5, and in this state, the developing roller 1 contacts the photosensitive drum 3 or By rotating in close proximity, the toner formed in a thin layer adheres from the developing roller 1 to the electrostatic latent image 10 on the photosensitive drum 3 to visualize the latent image. In the figure, reference numeral 6 is a transfer section, which is adapted to transfer a toner image onto a recording medium 7 such as paper, and 8 is a cleaning section whose cleaning blade 9 transfers the surface of the photosensitive drum 3 after transfer. The residual toner is removed.
【０００５】ここで、プリンタ等で用いられる反転現像
においては、上記トナーは潜像保持体上の電荷と同一の
極性に荷電させる必要があり、一般に有機感光体を潜像
保持体として用いる場合には帯電電位が負であるため、
トナーの電荷も負としなければならず、またアモルファ
スシリコン感光体等の正帯電用感光体を用いる場合には
帯電電位が正となるため、トナーの電荷も正としなけれ
ばならない。この場合、トナーの荷電には、現像ローラ
表面との摩擦帯電が大きく関与するため、トナー及び現
像ローラ双方の材料設計によって両者の相性をコントロ
ールする必要があり、トナーと現像ローラとの相性が悪
いと初期画像においてカブリ、画像メモリー等が発生し
易く、特に高温，高湿又は低温，低湿環境下でこれら画
像不良の発生が顕著である。また、初期画像に問題がな
くても、繰り返して画像出しを行ううちに画像濃度の低
下や帯電量の低下といった問題を生じる場合もある。Here, in reversal development used in a printer or the like, it is necessary to charge the above-mentioned toner to the same polarity as the charge on the latent image holding member, and generally when an organic photoconductor is used as the latent image holding member. Has a negative charge potential,
The charge of the toner must also be negative, and the charge of the toner must be positive because the charging potential is positive when a positive charging photoconductor such as an amorphous silicon photoconductor is used. In this case, the triboelectric charging with the surface of the developing roller is greatly involved in the charging of the toner. Therefore, it is necessary to control the compatibility between the toner and the developing roller by designing the materials of both, and the compatibility between the toner and the developing roller is poor. Fog and image memory are likely to occur in the initial image, and these image defects are particularly remarkable under high temperature, high humidity or low temperature, low humidity environment. Even if there is no problem with the initial image, problems such as a decrease in image density and a decrease in charge amount may occur during repeated image output.
【０００６】従って、従来は成層ブレードや現像ローラ
の材質等に応じて荷電制御剤を配合するなどの方法によ
りトナー側のコントロールを行うと共に、摩擦帯電序列
などを基準にして材質を選択することにより現像ローラ
側のコントロールを行い、トナーと現像ローラとの相性
をコントロールすることが行われている。Therefore, conventionally, the toner side is controlled by a method of blending a charge control agent according to the material of the stratifying blade or the developing roller, and the material is selected on the basis of the triboelectric charging order. The developing roller side is controlled to control the compatibility between the toner and the developing roller.
【０００７】しかしながら、これらの相性コントロール
方法には、以下の問題点がある。即ち、現像ローラ側の
コントロールには、 ・摩擦帯電序列を基準とするだけでは十分なコントロー
ルができない。 ・導電性を有する弾性ローラの場合、導電性を付与する
ため導電粉や塩などを添加するため、これらの添加によ
り帯電性が変化してしまう。 ・弾性ローラの場合、感光体の汚染を防止するため材料
の選択が限定される。 等の問題があり、またトナー側のコントロールには、 ・添加剤の効果が定量化されないため、ブレードや現像
ローラに合わせた処方の開発に手間がかかる。 ・ＣＣＡ汚染等の問題もありコントロールに限界があ
る。 等の問題がある。更に、従来の方法では、現像ローラと
トナーとを組み合わせる場合に、実際に画像出しを行っ
たりトナー帯電量を測定して評価を行う以外に相性を判
断する方法がなく、簡易に相性を評価することができな
いという問題点もある。However, these compatibility control methods have the following problems. That is, in the control on the developing roller side, it is not possible to perform sufficient control simply by using the triboelectric charging order as a reference. In the case of an elastic roller having conductivity, conductive powder, salt or the like is added to impart conductivity, so that addition of these changes the chargeability. -For elastic rollers, the selection of materials is limited to prevent contamination of the photoreceptor. In addition, there are problems such as the following. In addition, it is difficult to control the toner side. ・ Because the effect of the additive is not quantified, it takes time to develop a formulation suitable for the blade and the developing roller.・ Control is limited due to problems such as CCA contamination. There are problems such as. Further, in the conventional method, when the developing roller and the toner are combined, there is no method of judging the compatibility other than actually performing the image output or measuring the toner charge amount and evaluating the compatibility, and the compatibility is easily evaluated. There is also a problem that you cannot do it.
【０００８】本発明は、上記事情に鑑みなされたもの
で、トナーと現像ローラとの相性を容易かつ確実にコン
トロールすることができ、カブリや画像メモリー等の画
像不良を生じることなく、良好な画像を長期に亘って確
実に再現することができる静電潜像の現像方法及び現像
装置を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the compatibility between the toner and the developing roller can be easily and surely controlled, and a good image can be obtained without causing image defects such as fog and image memory. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a developing method and a developing device for an electrostatic latent image, which can surely reproduce the above for a long time.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段及び発明の実施の形態】本
発明者は、上記目的を達成するため鋭意検討を行った結
果、良導電性シャフトの外周に導電層を形成してなる現
像ローラの表面に現像剤を担持させて該現像剤の薄層を
形成し、この現像ローラを表面に静電潜像を保持したド
ラム状の潜像保持体に接触又は近接させて潜像保持体と
現像ローラとを回転させることにより、上記潜像保持体
の表面に現像剤を供給して該潜像保持体表面の静電潜像
を可視化する場合に、上記現像剤と上記現像ローラとの
相性を両者の表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを指標として
評価することにより、容易かつ確実にコントロールし得
ることが見い出され、更に検討を進めた結果、上記現像
剤表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを４．５〜５．５ｅＶと
し、かつ上記現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテンシャル
を、現像剤が負帯電の場合は上記現像剤のイオン化ポテ
ンシャル以下に、現像剤が正帯電の場合は上記現像剤の
イオン化ポテンシャル以上に調整して現像を行うことに
より、カブリや画像メモリー等の画像不良を生じること
なく、良好な画像を長期に亘って確実に再現し得ること
を見い出し、本発明を完成したものである。MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS AND BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present inventor has conducted diligent studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, and as a result, a developing roller having a conductive layer formed on the outer periphery of a good conductive shaft has A developer is carried on the surface to form a thin layer of the developer, and this developing roller is brought into contact with or in proximity to a drum-shaped latent image holding member holding an electrostatic latent image on the surface to develop with the latent image holding member. When the developer is supplied to the surface of the latent image holding member by rotating the roller to visualize the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the latent image holding member, the compatibility between the developer and the developing roller is confirmed. It was found that the ionization potential of both surfaces can be easily and surely controlled by evaluation, and as a result of further study, the ionization potential of the developer surface was set to 4.5 to 5.5 eV, And the above development By adjusting the ionization potential of the surface of the toner surface to be equal to or lower than the ionization potential of the developer when the developer is negatively charged, or higher than the ionization potential of the developer when the developer is positively charged, The present invention has been completed by finding that good images can be reliably reproduced for a long period of time without causing image defects such as fog and image memory.
【００１０】従って、本発明は、良導電性シャフトの外
周に導電層を形成してなる現像ローラの表面に負帯電用
現像剤を担持させて該現像剤の薄層を形成しすると共
に、該現像剤を負に帯電させ、この現像ローラを表面に
静電潜像を保持したドラム状の潜像保持体に接触又は近
接させて潜像保持体と現像ローラとを回転させることに
より、上記潜像保持体の表面に負に帯電した現像剤を供
給して該潜像保持体表面の静電潜像を可視化する現像方
法において、上記現像剤表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを
４．５〜５．５ｅＶとし、かつ上記現像ローラ表面のイ
オン化ポテンシャルを上記現像剤のイオン化ポテンシャ
ル以下に調整して現像を行うことを特徴とする静電潜像
の現像方法、及び、良導電性シャフトの外周に導電層を
形成してなる現像ローラの表面に正帯電用現像剤を担持
させて該現像剤の薄層を形成すると共に、該現像剤を正
に帯電させ、この現像ローラを表面に静電潜像を保持し
たドラム状の潜像保持体に接触又は近接させて潜像保持
体と現像ローラとを回転させることにより、上記潜像保
持体の表面に正に帯電した現像剤を供給して該潜像保持
体表面の静電潜像を可視化する現像方法において、上記
現像剤表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを４．５〜５．５ｅ
Ｖとし、かつ上記現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテンシャ
ルを上記現像剤のイオン化ポテンシャル以上に調整して
現像を行うことを特徴とする静電潜像の現像方法を提供
する。Therefore, according to the present invention, a negative charging developer is carried on the surface of a developing roller having a conductive layer formed on the outer circumference of a good conductive shaft to form a thin layer of the developer, and The latent image holding member and the developing roller are rotated by bringing the developing agent into a negative charge and bringing the developing roller into contact with or in the vicinity of a drum-shaped latent image holding member holding an electrostatic latent image on the surface, thereby rotating the latent image holding member and the developing roller. In the developing method of supplying a negatively charged developer to the surface of the image carrier to visualize the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the latent image carrier, the ionization potential of the developer surface is set to 4.5 to 5.5 eV. And a method of developing an electrostatic latent image, which is characterized in that the ionization potential of the surface of the developing roller is adjusted to be equal to or lower than the ionization potential of the developer, and a conductive layer is formed on the outer periphery of a good conductive shaft. Development process A positive charging developer is carried on the surface of the developer to form a thin layer of the developer, and the developer is positively charged, and the developing roller is a drum-shaped latent image holding an electrostatic latent image on the surface. By rotating the latent image carrier and the developing roller in contact with or in the vicinity of the image carrier, the positively charged developer is supplied to the surface of the latent image carrier to electrostatically charge the surface of the latent image carrier. In the developing method for visualizing a latent image, the ionization potential of the surface of the developer is set to 4.5 to 5.5e.
There is provided a method for developing an electrostatic latent image, wherein V is set and the ionization potential on the surface of the developing roller is adjusted to be equal to or higher than the ionization potential of the developer, and the development is performed.
【００１１】また、本発明は、上記本発明の現像方法に
より静電潜像の現像を行う装置として、表面に静電潜像
を保持し得る回転可能なドラム状の潜像保持体と、良導
電性シャフトの外周に導電層を形成してなり、上記潜像
保持体の表面に接触又は近接した状態で回転可能に配設
された現像ローラとを具備してなり、上記現像ローラの
表面に負帯電性現像剤を担持させて該現像剤の薄層を形
成すると共に、該現像剤を負に帯電させ、この状態でこ
の現像ローラと上記潜像保持体とを回転させることによ
り、上記潜像保持体の表面に負に帯電した現像剤を供給
して該潜像保持体の表面の静電潜像を可視化する静電潜
像の現像装置において、上記現像剤として、表面のイオ
ン化ポテンシャルが４．５〜５．５ｅＶのものを用いる
と共に、上記現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを
上記現像剤のイオン化ポテンシャル以下に調整したこと
を特徴とする静電潜像の現像装置、及び、表面に静電潜
像を保持し得る回転可能なドラム状の潜像保持体と、良
導電性シャフトの外周に導電層を形成してなり、上記潜
像保持体の表面に接触又は近接した状態で回転可能に配
設された現像ローラとを具備してなり、上記現像ローラ
の表面に正帯電性現像剤を担持させて該現像剤の薄層を
形成すると共に、該現像剤を正に帯電させ、この状態で
この現像ローラと上記潜像保持体とを回転させることに
より、上記潜像保持体の表面に正に帯電した現像剤を供
給して該潜像保持体の表面の静電潜像を可視化する静電
潜像の現像装置において、上記現像剤として、表面のイ
オン化ポテンシャルが４．５〜５．５ｅＶのものを用い
ると共に、上記現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテンシャル
を上記現像剤のイオン化ポテンシャル以上に調整したこ
とを特徴とする静電潜像の現像装置を提供する。Further, the present invention is a device for developing an electrostatic latent image by the above-described developing method of the present invention, which comprises a rotatable drum-shaped latent image holding member capable of holding an electrostatic latent image on its surface. A conductive roller is formed on the outer periphery of the conductive shaft, and the developing roller is rotatably disposed in contact with or close to the surface of the latent image holding member. A negatively chargeable developer is carried to form a thin layer of the developer, and the developer is negatively charged. In this state, the developing roller and the latent image holding member are rotated, whereby In an electrostatic latent image developing device that supplies a negatively charged developer to the surface of an image carrier to visualize the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the latent image carrier, the developer has an ionization potential of the surface. The above-mentioned development is carried out with the use of 4.5 to 5.5 eV. Developing device for an electrostatic latent image, characterized in that the ionization potential of the roller surface is adjusted to be equal to or lower than the ionization potential of the developer, and a rotatable drum-shaped latent image capable of holding the electrostatic latent image on the surface. And a developing roller having a conductive layer formed on the outer periphery of a shaft having good conductivity and rotatably disposed in contact with or close to the surface of the latent image holding member. A positively chargeable developer is carried on the surface of the developing roller to form a thin layer of the developer, and the developer is positively charged. In this state, the developing roller and the latent image holding member are rotated. As a result, in the electrostatic latent image developing device for supplying a positively charged developer to the surface of the latent image holding member to visualize the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the latent image holding member, as the developer, Surface ionization potential is 4.5-5. With using those eV, to provide a developing device of an electrostatic latent image, characterized in that the ionization potential of the developing roller surface was adjusted to above the ionization potential of the developer.
【００１２】なお、イオン化ポテンシャルとは、気体中
の基底状態にある原子または分子から１個の電子を無限
遠にひき離して、陽イオンと自由電子とに解離させるた
めに要するエネルギーであり、例えば現像剤、現像ロー
ラにそれぞれ直接紫外光（３．５〜６．２ｅＶ）を照射
し、このとき放出される光電子を計測して、その量子効
率のべき乗プロットのしきい値から容易に求めることが
できる。The ionization potential is the energy required to dissociate one electron from an atom or molecule in the ground state in a gas to infinity and dissociate it into a cation and a free electron. The developer and the developing roller are each directly irradiated with ultraviolet light (3.5 to 6.2 eV), the photoelectrons emitted at this time are measured, and it can be easily obtained from the threshold value of the power-law plot of the quantum efficiency. it can.
【００１３】以下、本発明につき更に詳しく説明する。
本発明の静電潜像の現像方法及び現像装置は、上述のよ
うに、帯電ローラと現像剤との相性を両者の表面のイオ
ン化ポテンシャルを指標としてコントロールしたもので
あり、上記現像剤表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを４．５
〜５．５ｅＶとし、上記現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテ
ンシャルを負帯電の場合はそれ以下、正帯電の場合はそ
れ以上に調整したものである。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
As described above, the electrostatic latent image developing method and the developing apparatus of the present invention control the compatibility between the charging roller and the developer by using the ionization potentials of the surfaces of the two as an index. Potential 4.5
˜5.5 eV, and the ionization potential of the surface of the developing roller is adjusted to be less than that in the case of negative charging and more than that in the case of positive charging.
【００１４】上記現像剤としては、通常一成分現像剤が
好適に使用され、表面のイオン化ポテンシャルが４．５
〜５，５ｅＶ、好ましくは負帯電性現像剤の場合５．１
〜５．４ｅＶ、正帯電性現像剤の場合４．８〜５．３ｅ
Ｖのものであればよく、市販の一成分現像剤を好適に使
用することができる。この場合、現像剤表面のイオン化
ポテンシャルを５．５ｅＶよりも大きくすることは実際
上困難であり、荷電制御剤等で初期にコントロールでき
ても安定したものとはなり得ない。一方、現像剤表面の
イオン化ポテンシャルが４．５ｅＶよりも小さいと、現
像ローラのイオン化ポテンシャルをそれ以下にすること
が困難となり、負帯電の場合に適正な現像剤の帯電性が
得られない場合があり、また正帯電の場合には適正な帯
電性のコントロールが困難となる場合がある。As the above-mentioned developer, a one-component developer is usually preferably used, and the surface has an ionization potential of 4.5.
~ 5,5 eV, preferably 5.1 for negatively chargeable developers
˜5.4 eV, 4.8 to 5.3 e for positively charged developer
Any V component may be used, and a commercially available one-component developer can be preferably used. In this case, it is practically difficult to make the ionization potential of the developer surface larger than 5.5 eV, and even if the charge control agent or the like can be used for initial control, it cannot be stable. On the other hand, when the ionization potential of the developer surface is smaller than 4.5 eV, it becomes difficult to make the ionization potential of the developing roller lower than that, and in the case of negative charging, proper chargeability of the developer may not be obtained. However, in the case of positive charging, it may be difficult to control the proper charging property.
【００１５】次に、上記現像ローラは、上述のように、
良導電性シャフト外周に導電層を形成したものであり、
この場合、上記シャフトとしては、良好な導電性を有す
るものであれば、いずれのものも使用し得るが、通常は
金属性の中実体からなる芯金や内部を中空にくりぬいた
金属製円筒体等の金属製シャフトが用いられる。Next, the developing roller, as described above,
A conductive layer is formed on the outer circumference of a good conductive shaft.
In this case, as the shaft, any shaft may be used as long as it has good conductivity, but normally, a cored bar made of a metal solid body or a metal cylindrical body hollowed out inside A metal shaft such as is used.
【００１６】また、このシャフトの外周に形成される導
電層は、潜像保持体とこの現像ローラとが非接触の状態
で現像を行う場合には、各種樹脂に導電粉や磁性粉を混
入したもの又は導電性樹脂等で形成することができ、ま
た潜像保持体と現像ローラとが接触した状態で現像を行
う場合には、現像ニップの必要性から比較的軟らかい弾
性体が用いられる。そして、このような導電層の基材成
分としては、ポリウレタン、天然ゴム、ブチルゴム、ニ
トリルゴム、ポリイソプレンゴム、ポリブタジエンゴ
ム、シリコーンゴム、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム、エチ
レン−プロピレンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、アクリルゴ
ム、及びこれらの混合物等を用いることができるが、特
に本発明においては、ポリウレタン又はシリコーンゴム
が好適に使用される。この場合、この導電層は、エラス
トマーやフォーム材の単層からなる層としてもこれらを
積層した複数の層からなる層としてもよい。更に、これ
らの基材層上にポリアミド、フッ素樹脂、アクリル、ポ
リウレタン、ポリカーボネートなどの樹脂やこれらに導
電材を配合したものなどを用いて塗膜を形成してもよ
い。Further, the conductive layer formed on the outer periphery of the shaft is mixed with conductive powder or magnetic powder in various resins when developing is carried out in a state where the latent image carrier and the developing roller are not in contact with each other. It can be formed of a material or a conductive resin, and when development is performed in a state where the latent image holding member and the developing roller are in contact with each other, a relatively soft elastic body is used because of the need for a developing nip. Then, as the base material component of such a conductive layer, polyurethane, natural rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, polyisoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, silicone rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, Although a mixture of these and the like can be used, polyurethane or silicone rubber is preferably used particularly in the present invention. In this case, the conductive layer may be a layer composed of a single layer of an elastomer or a foam material or a layer composed of a plurality of laminated layers of these. Further, a coating film may be formed on these base material layers using a resin such as polyamide, fluororesin, acryl, polyurethane, or polycarbonate, or a mixture of these with a conductive material.
【００１７】上記導電層の基材成分として好適に使用さ
れるポリウレタンについて説明すると、ポリウレタンエ
ラストマーやフォーム材は種々の方法で製造されたいず
れのものでもよく、例えばカーボンブラックをポリウレ
タンプレポリマー中に配合し、プレポリマーを架橋反応
させる方法、ポリヒドロキシル化合物に導電性材料を配
合し、これをワン・ショット法にてポリイソシアネート
と反応させる公知の方法などで得ることができる。Polyurethane preferably used as the base material component of the conductive layer will be described. The polyurethane elastomer and the foam material may be produced by various methods. For example, carbon black may be blended in the polyurethane prepolymer. The cross-linking reaction of the prepolymer, or a known method of blending a polyhydroxyl compound with a conductive material and reacting it with polyisocyanate by the one-shot method can be performed.
【００１８】この場合、ポリヒドロキシル化合物として
は、一般の軟質ポリウレタンフォームやウレタンエラス
トマー製造に用いられるポリオール、例えば、末端にポ
リヒドロキシル基を有するポリエーテルポリオール、ポ
リエステルポリオール、及び両者の共重合物であるポリ
エステルポリエーテルポリオールが挙げられるほか、ポ
リブタジエンポリオールやポリイソプレンポリオール等
のポリオレフィンポリオール、ポリオール中でエチレン
性不飽和単量体を重合させて得られる所謂ポリマーポリ
オールなどの一般的なポリオールが使用できる。また、
ポリイソシアネート化合物としては、同様に一般的な軟
質ポリウレタンフォームやウレタンエラストマー製造に
使用されるポリイソシアネート、即ち、トリレンジイソ
シアネート（ＴＤＩ）、粗製ＴＤＩ、４，４−ジフェニ
ルメタンジイソシアネート（ＭＤＩ）、粗製ＭＤＩ、炭
素数２〜１８の脂肪族ポリイソシアネート、炭素数４〜
１５の脂環式ポリイソシアネート及びこれらポリイソシ
アネートの混合物や変性物、例えば部分的にポリオール
類と反応させて得られるプレポリマー等が用いられる
が、特に本発明において現像剤を負に帯電させて現像を
行う場合には、表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを上述した
範囲に良好に調整するために、トリレンジイソシアネー
ト等の下記一般式（１）で示されるポリイソシアネート
の使用が推奨される。In this case, the polyhydroxyl compound is a polyol used in the production of general flexible polyurethane foams and urethane elastomers, for example, a polyether polyol having a polyhydroxyl group at the terminal, a polyester polyol, and a copolymer of both. In addition to polyester polyether polyols, general polyols such as polyolefin polyols such as polybutadiene polyols and polyisoprene polyols, so-called polymer polyols obtained by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers in polyols can be used. Also,
As the polyisocyanate compound, similarly, polyisocyanates used for producing general flexible polyurethane foams and urethane elastomers, that is, tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), crude TDI, 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), crude MDI, Aliphatic polyisocyanate having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, 4 to carbon atoms
The alicyclic polyisocyanate of 15 and a mixture or modified product of these polyisocyanates, such as a prepolymer obtained by partially reacting with a polyol, are used. Particularly, in the present invention, the developer is negatively charged to develop. In the case of carrying out, the use of polyisocyanate represented by the following general formula (1) such as tolylene diisocyanate is recommended in order to satisfactorily adjust the ionization potential of the surface within the above range.
【００１９】[0019]
【化２】 （但し、式中ｍ，ｎは０〜５の整数を示し、Ｒ1，Ｒ2は
水素原子又はアルキル基を示す。）Embedded image (However, in the formula, m and n represent an integer of 0 to 5, and R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.)
【００２０】なお、上記一般式（１）で示される好適な
ポリイソシアネートとしては、トリレンジイソシアネー
ト以外にキシリレンジイソシアネートを例示することが
できる。Examples of suitable polyisocyanates represented by the above general formula (1) include tolylene diisocyanate and xylylene diisocyanate.
【００２１】また、シリコーンゴムを基材とする場合は
オルガノポリシロキサン生ゴムを常法によって、架橋剤
等で架橋して使用することができる。この場合、本発明
で用いるオルガノポリシロキサン生ゴムは成形用のシリ
コーンゴムコンパウンドに使用されるものであれば、い
ずれのものでもよいが、１分子中に少なくとも２個のア
ルケニル基（例えばビニル基、アリル基等）を有するオ
ルガノポリシロキサンが好ましい。このような、オルガ
ノポリシロキサンとしては、例えば、両末端ジメチルビ
ニルシリル基封鎖ジメチルポリシロキサン、両末端ジメ
チルビニルシリル基封鎖ジメチルシロキサン・メチルビ
ニルシロキサン共重合体、両末端メチルフェニルビニル
シリル基封鎖ジメチルシロキサン・メチルフェニルシロ
キサン・メチルビニルシロキサン共重合体、両末端ジメ
チルビニルシリル基封鎖メチル（３，３，３−トリフル
オロプロピル）ポリシロキサン等を挙げることができ
る。When silicone rubber is used as the base material, organopolysiloxane raw rubber can be used after being crosslinked with a crosslinking agent or the like by a conventional method. In this case, the organopolysiloxane raw rubber used in the present invention may be any one as long as it is used in a silicone rubber compound for molding, but at least two alkenyl groups (eg vinyl group, allyl) in one molecule. Organopolysiloxanes having groups) are preferred. Examples of such an organopolysiloxane include dimethylpolysiloxane blocked with dimethylvinylsilyl groups at both ends, a dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymer blocked with dimethylvinylsilyl groups at both ends, and dimethylsiloxane blocked with methylphenylvinylsilyl groups at both ends. -Methylphenylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymer, dimethylvinylsilyl group-blocked methyl (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) polysiloxane at both ends, and the like can be mentioned.
【００２２】更に、導電層を各種ゴム材料で形成する場
合には、架橋剤、加硫剤を添加することができる。この
場合、有機過酸化物架橋及び硫黄架橋のいずれの場合で
も加硫助剤、加硫促進剤、加硫促進助剤、加硫遅延剤等
を用いることができる。更にまた、上記以外にもゴムの
配合剤として一般に用いられているしゃく解剤、発泡
剤、可塑剤、軟化剤、粘着付与剤、粘着防止剤、分離
剤、離型剤、増量剤、着色剤等を添加することができ
る。Further, when the conductive layer is made of various rubber materials, a crosslinking agent and a vulcanizing agent can be added. In this case, a vulcanization aid, a vulcanization accelerator, a vulcanization acceleration aid, a vulcanization retarder, and the like can be used in both cases of organic peroxide crosslinking and sulfur crosslinking. Furthermore, in addition to the above, peptizers, foaming agents, plasticizers, softening agents, tackifiers, anti-tacking agents, separating agents, release agents, extenders, and coloring agents that are commonly used as compounding agents for rubber. Etc. can be added.
【００２３】上記ポリウレタン又はシリコーンゴムを基
材とする導電層には、例えば現像ローラとして使用する
際の表面上の一成分現像剤の帯電量をコントロールする
目的でニグロシン、トリアミノフェニルメタン、カチオ
ン染料などの各種荷電制御剤、シリコーン樹脂、シリコ
ーンゴム、ナイロンなどの微粉体を添加することができ
る。この場合、これら添加剤の添加量は、上記ポリウレ
タン又はシリコーンゴム１００重量部に対して、上記荷
電制御剤は１〜５重量部、上記微粉体は１〜１０重量部
とすることが好ましい。The conductive layer based on the above-mentioned polyurethane or silicone rubber has, for example, nigrosine, triaminophenylmethane, and a cationic dye for the purpose of controlling the charge amount of the one-component developer on the surface when it is used as a developing roller. Various charge control agents such as, and fine powders of silicone resin, silicone rubber, nylon and the like can be added. In this case, it is preferable that the addition amount of these additives is 1 to 5 parts by weight and the fine powder is 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyurethane or silicone rubber.
【００２４】この導電層には、通常導電性を付与するた
めに導電材が配合される。この場合、導電材としては、
まず粉体について例示すればケッチェンブラックＥＣ，
アセチレンブラック等のカーボンブラック、ＳＡＦ，Ｉ
ＳＡＦ，ＨＡＦ，ＦＥＦ，ＧＰＦ，ＳＲＦ，ＦＴ，ＭＴ
等のゴム用カーボン、酸化処理等を施したカラ−（イン
ク）用カーボン、熱分解カーボン、天然グラファイト、
人造グラファイト、アンチモンドープの酸化錫、酸化チ
タン、酸化亜鉛、ニッケル、銅、銀、ゲルマニウム等の
金属及び金属酸化物、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポ
リアセチレン等の導電性ポリマー等の粉体が挙げられ
る。また、過塩素酸ナトリウム、過塩素酸リチウム、過
塩素酸カルシウム、塩化リチウム等の無機イオン性導電
物質、更に変性脂肪族ジメチルアンモニウムエトサルフ
ェート、ステアリルアンモニウムアセテート、ラウリル
アンモニウムアセテート、オクタデシルトリメチルアン
モニウム過塩素酸塩、テトラブチルアンモニウム硼弗酸
塩等の有機イオン性導電物質を単独で又は上記粉体と併
用して用いることができる。この導電材の配合量は、導
電材の種類に応じて適宜調節されるが、通常は基材成分
１００重量部に対して０．０１〜５０重量部、特に０．
１〜３０重量部の範囲で用いられる。A conductive material is usually added to the conductive layer in order to impart conductivity. In this case, as the conductive material,
Ketjen Black EC,
Carbon black such as acetylene black, SAF, I
SAF, HAF, FEF, GPF, SRF, FT, MT
Such as carbon for rubber, carbon for color (ink) that has been subjected to oxidation treatment, pyrolytic carbon, natural graphite,
Examples thereof include artificial graphite, antimony-doped tin oxide, titanium oxide, metals such as zinc oxide, nickel, copper, silver and germanium, and metal oxides, and powders of conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and polyacetylene. Further, inorganic ionic conductive substances such as sodium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, calcium perchlorate, lithium chloride, etc., further modified aliphatic dimethyl ammonium ethosulfate, stearyl ammonium acetate, lauryl ammonium acetate, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium perchloric acid Organic ionic conductive substances such as salts and tetrabutylammonium borofluoride can be used alone or in combination with the above powders. The blending amount of the conductive material is appropriately adjusted according to the type of the conductive material, but is usually 0.01 to 50 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.
It is used in the range of 1 to 30 parts by weight.
【００２５】その他の導電材としては、電荷移動錯体を
形成し得る電子受容物質があり、例えばテトラシアノエ
チレン及びその誘導体、テトラシアノキノジメタン及び
その誘導体、ベンゾキノン及びその誘導体、クロルアニ
ル及びその誘導体、アントラキノン及びその誘導体、ア
ントラセン及びその誘導体、ジクロロジシアノベンゾキ
ノン及びその誘導体、フェロセン及びその誘導体、フタ
ロシアニン及びその誘導体が挙げられ、その１種を単独
で、又は２種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
これらの中では、テトラシアノキノジメタン、テトラシ
アノエチレンが特に好ましく用いられる。上記電荷移動
錯体を形成し得る電子受容物質の添加量は、上記基材成
分の高分子物質１００重量部に対して０．００１〜２０
重量部、望ましくは０．０１〜１重量部とすることが好
ましい。Other conductive materials include electron-accepting substances capable of forming charge transfer complexes, such as tetracyanoethylene and its derivatives, tetracyanoquinodimethane and its derivatives, benzoquinone and its derivatives, chloranil and its derivatives, Examples thereof include anthraquinone and its derivative, anthracene and its derivative, dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone and its derivative, ferrocene and its derivative, phthalocyanine and its derivative, and one kind thereof may be used alone or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
Among these, tetracyanoquinodimethane and tetracyanoethylene are particularly preferably used. The addition amount of the electron acceptor capable of forming the charge transfer complex is 0.001 to 20 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymer substance as the base component.
It is preferable to set the amount by weight, preferably 0.01 to 1 part by weight.
【００２６】ここで、特に制限されるものではないが、
本発明において現像剤を負に帯電させて現像を行う場合
は、上記導電材としてカーボンブラックを用いることが
好ましく、より好ましくはｐＨ５以上、特にｐＨ６〜１
１のカーボンブラックが用いられる。これにより、導電
層表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを容易に低減化すること
ができ、容易に導電層のイオン化ポテンシャルを現像剤
のそれよりも低くすることができる。この場合、このカ
ーボンブラックの配合により導電層の抵抗値を１０3〜
１０10Ωｃｍ、特に１０4〜１０8Ωｃｍとすることが好
ましく、抵抗値が１０3Ωｃｍ未満であると電荷が潜像
保持体にリークしたり、電圧により現像ローラ自体が破
壊したりする場合があり、一方１０10Ωｃｍを超える
と、地カブリが発生しやすくなる。なお、カーボンブラ
ックのｐＨは、資料を蒸留水で煮沸した後遠心分離し、
上澄液を排除してスラッジを分離し、これを測定試料と
してｐＨメーターでｐＨ測定することにより容易に知る
ことができる。Here, although not particularly limited,
In the present invention, when developing is performed by negatively charging the developer, it is preferable to use carbon black as the conductive material, more preferably pH 5 or more, particularly pH 6 to 1
1 carbon black is used. Accordingly, the ionization potential of the surface of the conductive layer can be easily reduced, and the ionization potential of the conductive layer can be easily made lower than that of the developer. In this case, the resistance value of the conductive layer is 10 3 to
It is preferably 10 10 Ωcm, particularly 10 4 to 10 8 Ωcm. When the resistance value is less than 10 3 Ωcm, electric charges may leak to the latent image holding member or the developing roller itself may be broken by the voltage. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 10 Ωcm, background fog is likely to occur. The pH of carbon black can be measured by boiling the sample with distilled water and then centrifuging it.
The supernatant can be removed to separate the sludge, and this can be easily determined by measuring the pH with a pH meter as a measurement sample.
【００２７】一方、本発明において現像剤を正に帯電さ
せて現像を行う場合は、特に制限されるものではない
が、上記導電剤としてカーボン等の導電性粉体を用いず
に、上記有機イオン性導電物質を用いることが好まし
い。その理由は、通常導電性粉体自体は電子を放出しや
すい性質を持つために、それ自体のイオン化ポテンシャ
ルは低く、よってこれを配合した場合、基材樹脂として
のイオン化ポテンシャルも低くなる傾向を示し、本発明
の目的が十分に達成し得ない場合があるからである。こ
の場合、導電性粉体の配合においてはそれによって導電
性を制御する場合のみならず、着色のためにカーボンな
どを配合する場合も同様である。なお、イオン化ポテン
シャルを所定の値に調整することができるのであれば、
導電性粉体を配合すること自体は差し支えはない。ま
た、正帯電の場合の好ましい抵抗値は１０5〜１０10Ω
ｃｍである。On the other hand, in the present invention, when developing is performed by positively charging the developer, although not particularly limited, the above organic ion is used without using conductive powder such as carbon as the above conductive agent. It is preferable to use a conductive material. The reason for this is that the conductive powder itself usually has a property of easily releasing electrons, so that its ionization potential is low, and therefore when it is compounded, the ionization potential of the base resin also tends to be low. This is because the object of the present invention may not be sufficiently achieved. In this case, in the case of blending the conductive powder, the same applies not only when controlling the conductivity by it, but also when blending carbon or the like for coloring. If the ionization potential can be adjusted to a predetermined value,
There is no problem in blending the conductive powder itself. Further, in the case of positive charging, the preferable resistance value is 10 5 to 10 10 Ω.
cm.
【００２８】また、本発明において現像剤を負に帯電さ
せて現像を行う場合には、現像ローラの上記導電層に
は、該導電層のイオン化ポテンシャルを調整する目的
で、ステアリルステアレート，ラウリルラウレート等の
モノエステル系滑剤、オレイン酸メチル，パルミチン酸
メチル等の脂肪酸エステル系滑剤などの滑剤や、ポリオ
キシエチレンモノラウレート，ポリオキシエチレンモノ
ステアレート等のエステル型非イオン系界面活性剤、ソ
リビタンモノラウレート，ソルビタンモノパルミテート
等のソルビタンエステル型非イオン系界面活性剤、ポリ
オキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート，ポリオキシ
エチレンソルビタンモノパルミテート等のソルビタンエ
ーテルエステル型非イオン系界面活性剤などの非イオン
系界面活性剤を配合することができ、これら滑剤や界面
活性剤を配合することにより導電層のイオン化ポテンシ
ャルを容易に低減化して上記導電剤のイオン化ポテンシ
ャルよりも低くなるように調節することができる。In the present invention, when developing is performed by negatively charging the developer, stearyl stearate or lauryl laurate is added to the conductive layer of the developing roller for the purpose of adjusting the ionization potential of the conductive layer. Monoester-based lubricants such as oleate, fatty acid ester-based lubricants such as methyl oleate and methyl palmitate, ester-type nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene monolaurate and polyoxyethylene monostearate, Sorbitan ester nonionic surfactants such as solibitan monolaurate and sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan ether ester nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Incorporation of nonionic surfactant It is possible, it is possible to easily reduce the ionization potential of the conductive layer by blending these lubricants and surfactants adjusted to be lower than the ionization potential of the conductive agent.
【００２９】なお、上記導電層の硬度には制限はない
が、特に潜像保持体と接触状態で現像を行う場合には、
ＪＩＳ−Ａスケールで６０°以下、特に２５〜５５°と
することが好ましい。この場合、硬度が６０°を超える
と感光ドラム等の潜像保持体との接触面積が小さくな
り、良好な現像が行えなくなるおそれがあるが、逆にあ
まり低硬度にすると圧縮永久歪が大きくなり、なんらか
の理由で現像ローラに変形や偏心が生じた場合、画像に
濃度むらが発生することとなる。このため、弾性層の硬
度を低硬度に設定する場合でも、圧縮永久歪をなるべく
小さくすることが好ましく、具体的には圧縮永久歪を２
０％以下とすることが好ましい。There is no limitation on the hardness of the above-mentioned conductive layer, but especially when developing is carried out in contact with the latent image carrier.
According to JIS-A scale, it is preferably 60 ° or less, particularly 25 to 55 °. In this case, if the hardness exceeds 60 °, the contact area with the latent image holding member such as the photosensitive drum may be small, and good development may not be performed. On the contrary, if the hardness is too low, the compression set becomes large. When the developing roller is deformed or eccentric for some reason, uneven density occurs in the image. Therefore, even when the hardness of the elastic layer is set to a low hardness, it is preferable to reduce the compression set as much as possible.
It is preferably 0% or less.
【００３０】また、導電層の表面粗さ、即ち現像ローラ
の表面粗さは、特に制限されるものではないが、ＪＩＳ
１０点平均粗さで１５μｍＲｚ以下、特に１〜１０μｍ
Ｒｚとすることが好ましい。表面粗さが１５μｍＲｚを
超えると一成分現像剤（トナー）のトナー層の層厚や帯
電の均一性が損なわれる場合があるが、１５μｍＲｚ以
下とすることにより、トナーの付着性を向上させること
ができると共に、長期使用時でのローラの摩耗による画
像劣化をより確実に防止し得る。The surface roughness of the conductive layer, that is, the surface roughness of the developing roller is not particularly limited, but JIS
10-point average roughness of 15 μm Rz or less, particularly 1 to 10 μm
Rz is preferable. When the surface roughness exceeds 15 μmRz, the layer thickness of the toner layer of the one-component developer (toner) and the uniformity of charging may be impaired. However, when the surface roughness is 15 μmRz or less, the adhesion of the toner can be improved. In addition, it is possible to more reliably prevent image deterioration due to wear of the roller during long-term use.
【００３１】本発明の現像方法及び現像装置は、この現
像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを、上記現像剤を
負に帯電させる場合には該現像剤のイオン化ポテンシャ
ル４．５〜５．５ｅＶと同等又はそれよりも小さくなる
ように調整し、現像剤を正に帯電させる場合には該現像
剤のイオン化ポテンシャル４．５〜５．５ｅＶと同等又
はそれよりも大きくなるように調整して現像を行うもの
である。この場合、好ましくは上記現像ローラ表面のイ
オン化ポテンシャルを現像剤のイオン化ポテンシャルよ
りも０．１〜０．５ｅＶ程度小さく又は大きくするもの
であり、より具体的には現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテ
ンシャルを負帯電の場合は４．５〜５．３ｅＶ、正帯電
の場合は４．７〜５．５ｅＶに調整することが好ましい
ものである。この場合、イオン化ポテンシャルの調整
は、上記導電層を形成する材料を選定し、かつ上記導電
剤や上記滑剤、界面活性剤等の添加剤の配合により行う
ことができる。In the developing method and the developing apparatus of the present invention, the ionization potential of the surface of the developing roller is equal to or more than the ionization potential of the developer of 4.5 to 5.5 eV when the developer is negatively charged. When the developer is positively charged, it is adjusted so as to be equal to or larger than the ionization potential of the developer of 4.5 to 5.5 eV, and development is performed. is there. In this case, preferably, the ionization potential of the surface of the developing roller is made smaller or larger than the ionization potential of the developer by about 0.1 to 0.5 eV, and more specifically, the ionization potential of the surface of the developing roller is negatively charged. It is preferable to adjust to 4.5 to 5.3 eV in the case of and to 4.7 to 5.5 eV in the case of positive charging. In this case, the ionization potential can be adjusted by selecting the material forming the conductive layer and blending additives such as the conductive agent, the lubricant, and the surfactant.
【００３２】この場合、イオン化ポテンシャルの測定
は、上述したように、導電層のシート状サンプルを作成
して、これに直接紫外光（３．５〜６．２ｅＶ）を照射
し、このとき放出される光電子を計測して、その量子効
率のべき乗プロットのしきい値から容易に求めることが
できる。なお、測定機器としては、理研計器（株）製Ａ
Ｃ−１Ｍ等の市販の表面分析装置を用いることができ
る。In this case, as described above, the ionization potential is measured by preparing a sheet-like sample of the conductive layer and directly irradiating it with ultraviolet light (3.5 to 6.2 eV), which is emitted at this time. It is possible to easily measure the photoelectrons that are generated by measuring the photoelectrons. As a measuring instrument, A manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.
A commercially available surface analyzer such as C-1M can be used.
【００３３】ここで、本発明の現像方法及び現像装置
は、上述のように現像剤及び現像ローラ表面のイオン化
ポテンシャルを調整することにより、画像カブリや画像
メモリーの発生を防止して良好な画像を得るものである
が、本発明により画像カブリ及び画像メモリーの発生が
良好に防止される理由は次の通りであると推測される。Here, in the developing method and the developing apparatus of the present invention, by adjusting the ionization potentials of the developer and the surface of the developing roller as described above, generation of image fog and image memory is prevented and a good image is formed. Although it is obtained, it is presumed that the reason why the present invention can favorably prevent the occurrence of image fog and image memory is as follows.
【００３４】即ち、画像カブリは、図２に示したよう
に、本来白画像である部分に砂地状の画像が現れる現象
であり、その発生は弱帯電現像剤又は逆帯電現像剤の存
在に起因するものであるが、本発明で調整されるイオン
化ポテンシャルは、上述のように、基底状態にある原子
または分子から１個の電子を無限遠にひき離して、陽イ
オンと自由電子とに解離させるために要するエネルギー
であるから、例えば現像剤を負に帯電させて現像を行う
場合、現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを低く設
定することにより、この現像ローラ表面から該現像ロー
ラ表面に担持されたイオン化ポテンシャルの高い現像剤
に電子が移動しやすくなり、これにより現像剤を確実か
つ高電位に負帯電させることができ、一方現像剤を正に
帯電させる場合には、逆に現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポ
テンシャルを高く設定することにより、この現像ローラ
表面に該現像ローラ表面に担持されたイオン化ポテンシ
ャルの低い現像剤から電子が移動しやすくなり、これに
より現像剤を確実かつ高電位に正帯電させることがで
き、負帯電及び正帯電のいずれの場合も、弱帯電現像剤
や逆帯電現像剤の発生を確実に防止して良好な画像が確
実に得られると考えられる。That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the image fog is a phenomenon in which a sandy image appears in a portion which is originally a white image, and the occurrence thereof is caused by the presence of a weakly charged developer or a reversely charged developer. As described above, the ionization potential adjusted in the present invention dissociates one electron from an atom or molecule in the ground state to infinity to dissociate it into a cation and a free electron. Since the energy required for this purpose is, for example, when developing is performed by negatively charging the developer, by setting the ionization potential of the surface of the developing roller to a low value, the ionization potential carried from the surface of the developing roller to the surface of the developing roller is set. Electrons are easily transferred to a high-development developer, which makes it possible to reliably and negatively charge the developer, while positively charging the developer. Conversely, by setting the ionization potential on the surface of the developing roller to a high value, it becomes easier for electrons to move from the developer having a low ionization potential carried on the surface of the developing roller to the developer roller. It can be positively charged to an electric potential, and it is considered that in both cases of negative charging and positive charging, generation of a weakly charged developer or a reversely charged developer is surely prevented and a good image is surely obtained.
【００３５】また、画像メモリーに関しては、例えば一
部に黒地を含む画像を印字した場合、黒地部分の現像ロ
ーラ上の現像剤がほとんど現像消費されるため、ローラ
上の現像剤は新たに供給されたものと入れかわることと
なる。この場合、現像剤の帯電立上りが遅いと、ローラ
上の黒地印字部分とそれ以外の部分で帯電量の不均一が
生じ、画像上で黒地以降にハーフトーン等の部分が存在
した場合、該ハーフトーン上に黒地部分の履歴が残って
しまうことがあり、これが所謂画像メモリーである。従
って、この画像メモリーの発生を回避するためには現像
剤の帯電立上りを良好にする必要があり、このためにも
本発明におけるイオン化ポテンシャルの調整が有効であ
ると考えられる。Regarding the image memory, when an image containing a black background is printed, for example, most of the developer on the developing roller in the black background is consumed for development, and therefore the developer on the roller is newly supplied. It will be replaced with something. In this case, if the charge rise of the developer is slow, the charge amount becomes nonuniform on the black-printed portion on the roller and other portions, and if there is a halftone portion after the black background on the image, the half The history of the black background portion may remain on the tone, which is the so-called image memory. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of this image memory, it is necessary to improve the charge rise of the developer, and it is considered that the adjustment of the ionization potential in the present invention is also effective for this purpose.
【００３６】なお、本発明の現像方法及び現像装置は、
上記現像ローラの表面に上記現像剤を担持させて該現像
剤の薄層を形成し、この現像ローラを表面に静電潜像を
保持したドラム状の潜像保持体に接触又は近接させて潜
像保持体と現像ローラとを回転させることにより、上記
潜像保持体の表面に現像剤を供給して該潜像保持体表面
の静電潜像を可視化するものであり、具体的には上述し
た図１の機構により現像を行うことができる。この場
合、図１では現像ローラ１と潜像保持体３とを接触させ
た状態で現像を行うようになっているが、現像ローラ１
と潜像保持体３とが近接した非接触状態で現像を行うこ
とも可能である。The developing method and developing apparatus of the present invention are
The developer is carried on the surface of the developing roller to form a thin layer of the developer, and the developing roller is brought into contact with or close to a drum-shaped latent image holding member holding an electrostatic latent image on the surface thereof to form a latent image. By rotating the image holding member and the developing roller, a developer is supplied to the surface of the latent image holding member to visualize the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the latent image holding member. Development can be performed by the mechanism shown in FIG. In this case, in FIG. 1, the development is performed with the developing roller 1 and the latent image holder 3 being in contact with each other.
It is also possible to perform development in a non-contact state in which the latent image holding member 3 and the latent image holding member 3 are close to each other.
【００３７】[0037]
【実施例】以下、実施例，比較例を示して本発明を具体
的に説明するが、本発明は下記実施例に制限されるもの
ではない。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
【００３８】［実施例１］グリセリンにプロピレンオキ
サイドとエチレンオキサイドを付加して、分子量５００
０としたポリエーテルポリオール（旭硝子株式会社のエ
クセノール８２８）（ＯＨ値３３）１００部（重量部、
以下同じ）に、１，４−ブタンジオール１．０部、シリ
コーン界面活性剤（日本ユニカ社製、Ｌ−５２０）１．
５部、ニッケルアセチルアセトネート０．５部、ジブチ
ル錫ジラウレート０．０１部及びアセチレンブラック
（デンカ社製、ｐＨ６．９）１．０部を添加し、混合機
を用いて予備混合した後、ペイントロールで混練してア
セチレンブラックを均一に分散させ、ポリオール組成物
を調製した。Example 1 A molecular weight of 500 was obtained by adding propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to glycerin.
100 parts by weight of polyether polyol (Exenol 828 from Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) (OH value: 33) (parts by weight,
The same applies hereinafter), 1.0 part of 1,4-butanediol, and a silicone surfactant (L-520, manufactured by Nippon Yunika).
5 parts, 0.5 parts of nickel acetylacetonate, 0.01 part of dibutyltin dilaurate and 1.0 part of acetylene black (manufactured by Denka, pH 6.9) were added and premixed by using a mixer, and then paint The acetylene black was uniformly dispersed by kneading with a roll to prepare a polyol composition.
【００３９】このポリオール組成物を減圧下に撹拌して
脱泡した後、ウレタン変性したＭＤＩ（住友バイエルウ
レタン社製、スミジュールＰＦ）を１７．５部加えて２
分間撹拌し、次いで１１０℃に加熱した金型に注型し、
２時間硬化させて金属性シャフトの外周に導電層を形成
してローラを得た。得られたローラの表面を研摩して表
面をＪＩＳ１０点平均粗さ７μｍＲｚに調整し、現像ロ
ーラとした。After degassing by stirring this polyol composition under reduced pressure, 17.5 parts of urethane-modified MDI (Sumijour PF manufactured by Sumitomo Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.) was added to obtain 2
Stir for a minute and then pour into a mold heated to 110 ° C.
It was cured for 2 hours to form a conductive layer on the outer periphery of the metallic shaft to obtain a roller. The surface of the obtained roller was polished to adjust the surface to JIS 10-point average roughness of 7 μmRz, which was used as a developing roller.
【００４０】一方、上記現像ローラの導電層と同様のシ
ート状サンプルを作成し、得られたシート状サンプルを
用いてイオン化ポテンシャルを測定したところ５．０ｅ
Ｖであった。On the other hand, a sheet-like sample similar to the conductive layer of the developing roller was prepared, and the ionization potential was measured using the obtained sheet-like sample.
V.
【００４１】上記ローラを図１に示した現像ユニットに
現像ローラ１として装着し、感光ドラム３として負帯電
用有機感光ドラム、トナー４としてカシオ社製プリンタ
ｃｐ５００用トナー（イオン化ポテンシャル５．３ｅ
Ｖ）を用いて感光体帯電電位−８２０Ｖ、現像バイアス
−４００Ｖ、線速６０ｍｍ／ｓｅｃの条件で現像を行
い、下記測定法に基づいてトナー帯電量及び画像評価を
行った。結果を表１に示す。The above roller is attached to the developing unit shown in FIG. 1 as the developing roller 1, the negative charging organic photosensitive drum is used as the photosensitive drum 3, and the toner for the printer cp500 manufactured by Casio Co. is used as the toner 4 (ionization potential 5.3e).
V) was used under the conditions of a photoreceptor charging potential of −820 V, a developing bias of −400 V, and a linear velocity of 60 mm / sec, and the toner charge amount and image evaluation were performed based on the following measurement methods. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００４２】［実施例２］トナーとしてＮＥＣ社製プリ
ンタＰＣ−ＰＲ１０００Ｅ／４用トナー（イオン化ポテ
ンシャル５．１ｅＶ）を用いた以外は実施例１と同様の
方法で現像を行い、同様にトナー帯電量の測定及び画像
評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。[Embodiment 2] Development was carried out in the same manner as in Embodiment 1 except that the toner for printer PC-PR1000E / 4 manufactured by NEC Corp. (ionization potential 5.1 eV) was used as the toner. Was measured and image evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００４３】［実施例３］分子量２５００のポリイソプ
レンポリオール（ＯＨ価＝４７．１）１００部にモノエ
ステル系滑剤ユニスターＭ９６７６（日本油脂製）２
部、アセチレンブラックを３．３２部配合し、３０分間
撹拌した。その後、グルードＭＤＩ（ＮＣＯ％＝３１．
７）を１３．３３部、ジブチル錫ジラウレートを０．０
０１部加え、３分間撹拌した。次に、シャフトを配置
し、予め９０℃に加熱したモールドにこの反応混合物を
流し込み、９０℃で１２時間硬化反応を行いローラを得
た。得られたローラ表面を研磨して平均粗さ７μｍＲｚ
に調整し、現像ローラとした。Example 3 100 parts of polyisoprene polyol having a molecular weight of 2,500 (OH value = 47.1) and 100 parts of monoester lubricant Unistar M9676 (manufactured by NOF Corporation) 2
Parts and 3.32 parts of acetylene black were mixed and stirred for 30 minutes. After that, the glue MDI (NCO% = 31.
7) 13.33 parts, dibutyltin dilaurate 0.0
Add 01 parts and stir for 3 minutes. Next, the shaft was placed and the reaction mixture was poured into a mold which had been heated to 90 ° C. in advance, and a curing reaction was carried out at 90 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a roller. The surface of the obtained roller is polished to have an average roughness of 7 μmRz.
To a developing roller.
【００４４】この現像ローラの導電層と同様のシート状
サンプルを作成し、得られたシート状サンプルのイオン
化ポテンシャルを測定したところ５．０ｅＶであった。A sheet-like sample similar to the conductive layer of this developing roller was prepared, and the ionization potential of the obtained sheet-like sample was measured and found to be 5.0 eV.
【００４５】上記現像ローラを用い、実施例１と同様の
同様の方法で現像を行い、同様にトナー帯電量の測定及
び画像評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。Using the above developing roller, development was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and the toner charge amount was measured and the image was evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００４６】［実施例４］アセチレンブラックの代わり
に過塩素酸ナトリウム０．０１部、ウレタン変性ＭＤＩ
の代わりにトリレンジイソシアネート８．３部を加えた
以外には実施例１と同様の操作を行い、現像ローラを作
成し、同様にそのイオン化ポテンシャルを測定したとこ
ろ５．１ｅＶであった。Example 4 Instead of acetylene black, 0.01 part of sodium perchlorate, urethane-modified MDI
In the same manner as in Example 1 except that 8.3 parts of tolylene diisocyanate was added instead of, a developing roller was prepared and its ionization potential was measured in the same manner to find that it was 5.1 eV.
【００４７】得られた現像ローラについて、実施例１と
同様の方法で現像を行い、同様にトナー帯電量の測定及
び画像評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。The obtained developing roller was developed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the toner charge amount was measured and the image was evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００４８】［実施例５］実施例１で作成した現像ロー
ラをフッ素樹脂（フルオロオレフィンビニルエーテル共
重合体）の１０重量％トルエン縁溶液中に浸漬し、これ
を引き上げて加熱乾燥することにより表面処理を行い、
これを現像ローラとした。この現像ローラにつき同様に
イオン化ポテンシャルを測定したところ、５．０ｅＶで
あった。[Embodiment 5] The developing roller prepared in Embodiment 1 is immersed in a 10 wt% toluene edge solution of a fluororesin (fluoroolefin vinyl ether copolymer), and the surface is treated by pulling it up and heating it to dry it. And then
This was used as a developing roller. When the ionization potential of this developing roller was measured in the same manner, it was 5.0 eV.
【００４９】得られた現像ローラについて、実施例１と
同様の方法で現像を行い、同様にトナー帯電量の測定及
び画像評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。The obtained developing roller was developed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the toner charge amount was measured and the image was evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００５０】［実施例６］ポリテトラメチレンエーテル
グリコール（ＯＨ価＝５６）１００部に、過塩素酸ナト
リウム１．０部を配合し、１００℃に温調しながら撹拌
し、次いで４，４’−ジフィニルメタンジイソシアネー
ト（ＮＣＯ％＝３３．６）を１３．４８部加えて撹拌，
混合した。次に、予め９０℃に加熱した金型にこの反応
混合物を注型し、９０℃で１２時間硬化反応を行い、金
属性シャフトの外周に導電層が形成されたローラを得
た。得られたローラの表面を研摩して表面をＪＩＳ１０
点平均粗さ５μｍＲｚに調整し、現像ローラとした。Example 6 To 100 parts of polytetramethylene ether glycol (OH value = 56) was added 1.0 part of sodium perchlorate, and the mixture was stirred while controlling the temperature to 100 ° C., and then 4,4 ′. 13.48 parts of difinylmethane diisocyanate (NCO% = 33.6) was added and stirred,
Mixed. Next, this reaction mixture was cast into a mold heated in advance to 90 ° C., and a curing reaction was carried out at 90 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a roller having a conductive layer formed on the outer periphery of the metallic shaft. The surface of the obtained roller is ground to JIS 10
The developing roller was adjusted to have a point average roughness of 5 μmRz.
【００５１】一方、上記現像ローラの導電層と同様のシ
ート状サンプルを作成し、得られたシート状サンプルを
用いてイオン化ポテンシャルを測定したところ５．５ｅ
Ｖであった。On the other hand, a sheet-like sample similar to the conductive layer of the developing roller was prepared, and the ionization potential was measured using the obtained sheet-like sample.
V.
【００５２】上記ローラを図１に示した現像ユニットに
現像ローラ１として装着し、感光ドラム３として正帯電
用有機感光ドラム、トナー４としてスチレン−アクリル
系トナー（イオン化ポテンシャル４．９ｅＶ）を用いて
感光体帯電電位＋７５０Ｖ、現像バイアス−３５０Ｖ、
線速６０ｍｍ／ｓｅｃの条件で現像を行い、同様にトナ
ー帯電量及び画像評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。The above roller is mounted as the developing roller 1 in the developing unit shown in FIG. 1, a positive charging organic photosensitive drum is used as the photosensitive drum 3, and styrene-acrylic toner (ionization potential 4.9 eV) is used as the toner 4. Photoconductor charging potential + 750V, developing bias -350V,
Development was performed at a linear velocity of 60 mm / sec, and the toner charge amount and image evaluation were performed in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００５３】［比較例１］アセチレンブラックの代わり
に過塩素酸ナトリウム０．０１部とした以外は、実施例
１と同様の操作で現像ローラを作成し、同様にそのイオ
ン化ポテンシャルを測定したところ５．４ｅＶであっ
た。Comparative Example 1 A developing roller was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.01 part of sodium perchlorate was used in place of acetylene black, and its ionization potential was measured in the same manner. It was 0.4 eV.
【００５４】得られた現像ローラについて、実施例１と
同様の方法で現像を行い、同様にトナー帯電量の測定及
び画像評価を行った。結果を表１に示す。The obtained developing roller was developed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the toner charge amount was measured and the image was evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００５５】［比較例２］現像ローラとして実施例１で
作成したもの（イオン化ポテンシャル５．０ｅＶ）、ト
ナーとしてポリエステル系トナー（イオン化ポテンシャ
ル５．３ｅｖ）を用いた以外は実施例６と同様の方法で
現像を行い、同様にトナー帯電量の測定及び画像評価を
行った。結果を表１に示す。Comparative Example 2 The same method as in Example 6 except that the developing roller prepared in Example 1 (ionization potential 5.0 eV) and the polyester toner (ionization potential 5.3 ev) were used as the toner. Was developed, and the toner charge amount was measured and the image was evaluated in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００５６】測定方法 トナー帯電量：各ローラを現像ローラとして図１に示し
た現像ユニットに装着し、５０ｍｍ／ｓｅｃの周速で回
転させ、現像ローラ表面に均一なトナー薄層を形成し、
このトナー薄層をエアーで吸引してファラデーゲージ内
に導入し、電荷量を測定した。 画像出し：各ローラを現像ローラとして図１に示した現
像ユニットに装着し、線速６０ｍｍ／ｓｅｃの周速で回
転させながら反転現像で画像出しを行い、画像カブリ、
シャープさを評価した。また、高温高湿環境下（３３
℃、湿度８５％）にて、画像メモリーの評価を行った。
画像メモリーの評価は、画像の先端部のみをベタ黒と
し、以降をハーフトーンとした画像チャートにより行っ
た。 Measurement method Toner charge amount: Each roller was attached as a developing roller to the developing unit shown in FIG. 1 and rotated at a peripheral speed of 50 mm / sec to form a uniform thin toner layer on the surface of the developing roller.
This thin toner layer was sucked with air and introduced into a Faraday gauge to measure the charge amount. Image output: Each roller is attached to the developing unit shown in FIG. 1 as a developing roller, and an image is output by reversal development while rotating at a peripheral speed of 60 mm / sec.
The sharpness was evaluated. In a high temperature and high humidity environment (33
The image memory was evaluated at a temperature of 85 ° C. and a humidity of 85%.
The image memory was evaluated by using an image chart in which only the leading edge of the image was solid black and the rest was halftone.
【００５７】[0057]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００５８】[0058]
【発明の効果】本発明の静電潜像の現像方法及び現像装
置によれば、トナーと現像ローラとの相性を容易かつ確
実にコントロールして、カブリや画像メモリー等の画像
不良を生じることなく、良好な画像を長期に亘って確実
に再現することができる。According to the electrostatic latent image developing method and developing apparatus of the present invention, the compatibility between the toner and the developing roller can be easily and reliably controlled without causing image defects such as fog and image memory. It is possible to reliably reproduce a good image for a long period of time.
【図１】本発明現像装置の一例を示す概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a developing device of the present invention.
【図２】カブリの発生した画像の一例を示す参考図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a reference diagram showing an example of an image in which fogging has occurred.
１ 現像ローラ ２ トナー塗布ローラ ３ 感光ドラム（潜像保持体） ４ トナー（一成分現像剤） ５ 成層ブレード ６ 転写部 ７ 記録媒体 ８ クリーニング部 ９ クリーニングブレード 1 Developing Roller 2 Toner Applying Roller 3 Photosensitive Drum (Latent Image Holder) 4 Toner (One-Component Developer) 5 Layering Blade 6 Transfer Section 7 Recording Medium 8 Cleaning Section 9 Cleaning Blade
Claims (8)
してなる現像ローラの表面に負帯電用現像剤を担持させ
て該現像剤の薄層を形成しすると共に、該現像剤を負に
帯電させ、この現像ローラを表面に静電潜像を保持した
ドラム状の潜像保持体に接触又は近接させて潜像保持体
と現像ローラとを回転させることにより、上記潜像保持
体の表面に負に帯電した現像剤を供給して該潜像保持体
表面の静電潜像を可視化する現像方法において、上記現
像剤表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを４．５〜５．５ｅＶ
とし、かつ上記現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテンシャル
を上記現像剤のイオン化ポテンシャル以下に調整して現
像を行うことを特徴とする静電潜像の現像方法。1. A negative charging developer is carried on the surface of a developing roller having a conductive layer formed on the outer periphery of a good conductive shaft to form a thin layer of the developer, and the developer is negatively charged. Of the latent image holding member by rotating the latent image holding member and the developing roller by bringing the developing roller into contact with or in proximity to a drum-shaped latent image holding member holding an electrostatic latent image on the surface. In the developing method of supplying a negatively charged developer to the surface to visualize the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the latent image holding member, the ionization potential of the surface of the developer is 4.5 to 5.5 eV.
And developing the electrostatic latent image by adjusting the ionization potential of the surface of the developing roller to be equal to or less than the ionization potential of the developer.
５以上のカーボンブラックを含有するものである請求項
１記載の静電潜像の現像方法。2. The pH of the conductive layer constituting the developing roller is
The method for developing an electrostatic latent image according to claim 1, which contains 5 or more carbon blacks.
ノエステル系滑剤及び脂肪酸エステル系滑剤から選ばれ
る１種又は２種以上の滑剤及び／又はエステル型非イオ
ン系界面活性剤、ソルビタンエステル型非イオン系界面
活性剤及びソルビタンエーテルエステル型非イオン系界
面活性剤から選ばれる１種又は２種以上の非イオン系界
面活性剤を含有するものである請求項１又２に記載の静
電潜像の現像方法。3. The conductive layer constituting the developing roller, wherein the conductive layer is one or more lubricants selected from monoester lubricants and fatty acid ester lubricants and / or ester type nonionic surfactants and sorbitan ester type lubricants. The electrostatic latent image according to claim 1 or 2, which contains one or more nonionic surfactants selected from nonionic surfactants and sorbitan ether ester type nonionic surfactants. Image development method.
くとも最外層がポリウレタンエラストマー又はポリウレ
タンフォームを基材として形成されており、かつこのポ
リウレタンエラストマー又はポリウレタンフォームが下
記一般式（１）で示されるポリイソシアネートを含むも
のである請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載の静電潜
像の現像方法。 【化１】 （但し、式中ｍ，ｎは０〜５の整数を示し、Ｒ1，Ｒ2は
水素原子又はアルキル基を示す。）4. At least the outermost layer of the conductive layer constituting the developing roller is formed by using a polyurethane elastomer or polyurethane foam as a base material, and the polyurethane elastomer or polyurethane foam is represented by the following general formula (1). The method for developing an electrostatic latent image according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which comprises an isocyanate. Embedded image (However, in the formula, m and n represent an integer of 0 to 5, and R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.)
してなる現像ローラの表面に正帯電用現像剤を担持させ
て該現像剤の薄層を形成すると共に、該現像剤を正に帯
電させ、この現像ローラを表面に静電潜像を保持したド
ラム状の潜像保持体に接触又は近接させて潜像保持体と
現像ローラとを回転させることにより、上記潜像保持体
の表面に正に帯電した現像剤を供給して該潜像保持体表
面の静電潜像を可視化する現像方法において、上記現像
剤表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを４．５〜５．５ｅＶと
し、かつ上記現像ローラ表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを
上記現像剤のイオン化ポテンシャル以上に調整して現像
を行うことを特徴とする静電潜像の現像方法。5. A positive charging developer is carried on the surface of a developing roller having a conductive layer formed on the outer periphery of a good conductive shaft to form a thin layer of the developer, and the developer is positively charged. The surface of the latent image holding member is charged by charging the developing roller and bringing the developing roller into contact with or in proximity to a drum-shaped latent image holding member holding an electrostatic latent image on the surface to rotate the latent image holding member and the developing roller. In the developing method of supplying a positively charged developer to the surface of the latent image carrier to visualize the electrostatic latent image, the ionization potential of the developer surface is set to 4.5 to 5.5 eV, and the developing roller is A method for developing an electrostatic latent image, which comprises developing by adjusting an ionization potential of a surface to be equal to or higher than an ionization potential of the developer.
性粉体を含有しないものである請求項５記載の静電潜像
の現像方法。6. The method for developing an electrostatic latent image according to claim 5, wherein the conductive layer forming the developing roller does not contain a conductive powder.
ドラム状の潜像保持体と、良導電性シャフトの外周に導
電層を形成してなり、上記潜像保持体の表面に接触又は
近接した状態で回転可能に配設された現像ローラとを具
備してなり、上記現像ローラの表面に負帯電性現像剤を
担持させて該現像剤の薄層を形成すると共に、該現像剤
を負に帯電させ、この状態でこの現像ローラと上記潜像
保持体とを回転させることにより、上記潜像保持体の表
面に負に帯電した現像剤を供給して該潜像保持体の表面
の静電潜像を可視化する静電潜像の現像装置において、
上記現像剤として、表面のイオン化ポテンシャルが４．
５〜５．５ｅＶのものを用いると共に、上記現像ローラ
表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを上記現像剤のイオン化ポ
テンシャル以下に調整したことを特徴とする静電潜像の
現像装置。7. A rotatable drum-shaped latent image holding member capable of holding an electrostatic latent image on the surface thereof, and a conductive layer formed on the outer periphery of a good conductive shaft, the surface of the latent image holding member being formed. A developing roller rotatably disposed in contact with or in close proximity to the developing roller to form a thin layer of the developing agent by carrying a negatively chargeable developer on the surface of the developing roller. The developer is negatively charged, and in this state, the developing roller and the latent image holding member are rotated, thereby supplying the negatively charged developer to the surface of the latent image holding member to supply the latent image holding member. In the electrostatic latent image developing device that visualizes the electrostatic latent image on the surface,
The developer has an ionization potential of 4.
A developing device for an electrostatic latent image, characterized in that an electrostatic latent image of 5 to 5.5 eV is used and the ionization potential of the surface of the developing roller is adjusted to be equal to or lower than the ionization potential of the developer.
ドラム状の潜像保持体と、良導電性シャフトの外周に導
電層を形成してなり、上記潜像保持体の表面に接触又は
近接した状態で回転可能に配設された現像ローラとを具
備してなり、上記現像ローラの表面に正帯電性現像剤を
担持させて該現像剤の薄層を形成すると共に、該現像剤
を正に帯電させ、この状態でこの現像ローラと上記潜像
保持体とを回転させることにより、上記潜像保持体の表
面に正に帯電した現像剤を供給して該潜像保持体の表面
の静電潜像を可視化する静電潜像の現像装置において、
上記現像剤として、表面のイオン化ポテンシャルが４．
５〜５．５ｅＶのものを用いると共に、上記現像ローラ
表面のイオン化ポテンシャルを上記現像剤のイオン化ポ
テンシャル以上に調整したことを特徴とする静電潜像の
現像装置。8. A rotatable drum-shaped latent image holding member capable of holding an electrostatic latent image on the surface thereof, and a conductive layer formed on the outer periphery of a good conductive shaft, the surface of the latent image holding member being formed. A developing roller rotatably arranged in contact with or in close proximity to the developing roller to form a thin layer of the developing agent by carrying a positively chargeable developer on the surface of the developing roller. The developer is positively charged, and in this state, the developing roller and the latent image holding member are rotated, so that the positively charged developer is supplied to the surface of the latent image holding member so that the latent image holding member In the electrostatic latent image developing device that visualizes the electrostatic latent image on the surface,
The developer has an ionization potential of 4.
A developing device for an electrostatic latent image, characterized in that an electrostatic latent image of 5 to 5.5 eV is used and the ionization potential of the surface of the developing roller is adjusted to be equal to or higher than the ionization potential of the developer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5672896A JP3000919B2 (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1996-02-20 | Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7968795 | 1995-03-10 | ||
| JP7-313510 | 1995-11-07 | ||
| JP7-79687 | 1995-11-07 | ||
| JP31351095 | 1995-11-07 | ||
| JP5672896A JP3000919B2 (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1996-02-20 | Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09190073A true JPH09190073A (en) | 1997-07-22 |
| JP3000919B2 JP3000919B2 (en) | 2000-01-17 |
Family
ID=27296016
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5672896A Expired - Fee Related JP3000919B2 (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1996-02-20 | Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3000919B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002311682A (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-23 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Semiconductive roller for electrophotographic equipment |
| JP2017161640A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Charging member, charging device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus |
| JP2017167508A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-21 | 株式会社リコー | Image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge |
-
1996
- 1996-02-20 JP JP5672896A patent/JP3000919B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002311682A (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-23 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Semiconductive roller for electrophotographic equipment |
| JP2017161640A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Charging member, charging device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus |
| JP2017167508A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-21 | 株式会社リコー | Image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3000919B2 (en) | 2000-01-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5666626A (en) | Apparatus for developing electrostatic latent images using developing roller having specific ionization potential | |
| JP3000919B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image | |
| JP3000920B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image | |
| JPH0844149A (en) | Conductive roller and device formed by using the same | |
| JP3560080B2 (en) | Conductive member and electrophotographic apparatus using the same | |
| JP2885200B2 (en) | Developing roller and developing device | |
| JP3539295B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image | |
| JPH08157556A (en) | Polyurethane member | |
| JP3576742B2 (en) | Developer applying member and image forming apparatus | |
| JP2959445B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image | |
| JP3446284B2 (en) | Conductive members for electrophotographic devices | |
| JPH09269648A (en) | Production of developing roller | |
| JP2000206779A (en) | Toner carrier and image forming device | |
| JPH08179619A (en) | Developing roller | |
| JP3870466B2 (en) | Semiconductive roll | |
| JP5049548B2 (en) | Developing roller, developing device, and image forming apparatus | |
| JP3147003B2 (en) | Developing roller and developing device | |
| JPH1195544A (en) | Developing roller and developing device | |
| JP3584986B2 (en) | Inspection method for toner carrier | |
| JP3221295B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for developing electrostatic latent image | |
| JP7270476B2 (en) | COATING COMPOSITION FOR CONDUCTIVE ROLLER, DEVELOPING ROLLER USING THE SAME, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS | |
| JPH09269651A (en) | Developing roller and developing device | |
| JP2004333638A (en) | Toner carrier and method of manufacturing the same | |
| JP3052749B2 (en) | Developer carrying member and electrophotographic apparatus using the same | |
| JP2956503B2 (en) | Developing roller and developing device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20071112 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081112 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091112 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091112 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101112 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111112 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121112 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121112 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131112 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |