JPH09208405A - Vegetable functional organic acid - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain functional properties utilizable for many uses such as an improvement in soil, the promotion of fermentation and aging of composts, an activation of plants (plant protection), mushroom beds, the destruction or elimination of unpleasant odors and the repelling of animals from analytical results of an organic acid, extracted from a vegetable material containing a soluble nitrogen-free substance such as chaff without containing cresols or carcinogenic substances noxious to the animals and plants and having a negligible content of phenols. SOLUTION: This vegetable functional organic acid has <=0.05% content of phenols and <=0.01% content of cresols (detection limit) in ingredients of the organic acid without containing carcinogenic substances in the organic acid extracted from a vegetable material containing a soluble nitrogen-free substance by dry distillation or fumigation. The organic acid is utilized for many uses such as improvement in soil, the promotion of fermentation and aging of composts, an increase in vitality of plants (prevention of disease and insect damage), mushroom beds, the destruction or elimination of unpleasant odors and the repelling of animals.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on the analysis results of organic acids extracted from plant materials containing soluble nitrogen-free substances such as rice husks. Soil improvement, promotion of fermentation and maturation of compost, plant The present invention relates to use for boosting vitality (prevention of pests and insects), fungal beds, deodorizing / deodorizing, and repelling animals.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Among plant materials containing soluble nitrogen-free substances, rice husks have conventionally been used as follows.

(A) Packing material for packing It has been used for a long time as a packing material for storing eggs, fruits, pottery, etc., but since the 1960s, it has been replaced by a plastics packing material, and has recently become almost unused. .

(B) Mulching Rice husks have been sprayed for the purpose of covering the nursery beds and the soil at the root of fruit trees, but the spraying amount is small and the consumption amount is small, and there are problems such as scattering by the wind. In recent years, the use of plastic films has become less popular. However, pruning the mulched rice husk into the soil after use is effective as a soil conditioner.

(C) Bedding for livestock stalls. Rice husks were also used as bedding on the floors of livestock stalls, but they lacked water absorption compared to sawdust, and dust from rice husks caused damage to the eyes of livestock. Or, direct use is decreasing due to physiological harm such as susceptibility to respiratory disease.

(D) Filling material for underdrain The paddy material is used as a filling material for underdrain in paddy fields by utilizing the property that the rice husk is hydrophobic and hardly decomposes. This is because in wetlands with poor permeability, water accumulates in the soil and becomes an oxygen-free reducing state, and harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and methane that adversely affect rice are generated. It is widely used for the land improvement method in which a strip of layers is formed in the soil of paddy fields and water is drained through drainage pipes, and its useful life is several years to 10 years, so the utilization rate is high. This is an effective method for converting to dry fields for backing wetlands and paddy fields.

(E) Fuel Rice husks are often incinerated by farmers, but when burned, they have a calorific value of around 3500 kcal / kg and can be used as fuel. Various combustion methods have been devised, and there are the following types. (B) Accumulation type fixed bed method As a small-sized device, rice husks are accumulated in the furnace and burned while ventilating from the bottom of the furnace. The heat is used for heating greenhouses and barns. (B) Fluidized combustion method This is a medium-sized device that burns rice husks in a swirling flow while flowing in the furnace, and has good thermal efficiency. The generated heat is converted into hot air, steam, and hot water to dry rice, greenhouses, and vinyl.
Used for heating houses and livestock houses. What is important in the combustion method is that a storage for storing rice husks is required, and a fixed quantity of the rice husks is supplied in a stable manner at a fixed time so that combustion does not occur abnormally and progresses on average. Equipment development is required.

(C) When charcoal chaff is steam-baked in a low oxygen state, 40% of the weight of the chaff can be removed. The resulting charcoal is 40-60 carbon.
%, Silicic acid 40-60%, potash 1%, lime 0.5%, calorie-4000 kcal / kg, maximum water capacity 80-85%, water retention capacity 40 ml / 100 ml, alkaline properties There is also a method of using it as fuel directly or under pressure and compression molding, but in many cases, it is often used as it is as a nursery bed for paddy rice and vegetables. In this case, neutralization adjustment with dilute sulfuric acid or lime superphosphate, seeding on a bed mixed with soil and raising seedlings results in good hair root development, strong seedlings with less root damage, and good survival during transplantation. ing. In addition, it is also used as a heat-retaining agent for molten iron from converters and as a coating material for preventing oxidation during iron plate rolling.

(F) Livestock data Due to the recent spread of combine harvesters, it has become difficult to secure rice straw because the rice straw has been shredded in the paddy field and directly scraped into the paddy field at the time of rice harvest. So cow,
The use of processed rice husks was considered as a substitute for rice straw to be fed to ruminants such as sheep and sheep. Raw rice husk is not easily digested and there are physiological disorders such as livestock causing bloat and diarrhea. Therefore, it has been studied to use processed rice husk mixed with an appropriate amount of concentrated feed instead of rice straw. In this research, the Japan Federation of Machinery Manufacturers Association and the Japan Society of Industrial Machinery Manufacturers published a study to obtain livestock feed from rice husks, and extensive literature was introduced. Efficacy as livestock feed is not only due to the fact that the ingredients of the provided feed are excellent, but the value is judged by the weight gain and the quality of the livestock due to the palatability and digestibility of the feed, and the physical properties of the livestock feed. The impact on health should also be considered. Rice straw is generally fed as a roughage for livestock, but when rice husks are used as a substitute for this, processing is required.

(G) Livestock bedding When crushed rice husks are used as livestock bedding,
Unlike raw rice husks, they do not adversely affect the physiology of livestock, so they are widely used in place of the recently lacked sawdust. It has good water absorbency, so if it is deposited after use as a litter, it will be a good compost.

(H) Utilization as Filler Various methods have been developed for utilizing finely powdered rice husks as an industrial filler. According to it, if finely pulverized rice husks are mixed and dispersed in urea resin, phenol resin and melamine resin in an amount of 10 to 20%, the characteristics of the rice husks will be utilized and it will be effective when used for adhesion of wood. ing.
In addition, studies have also been conducted on the use of the resin mixed with a polyester resin or polyvinyl chloride resin to characterize the physical properties of the resin.

By the way, an analysis of the composition of rice husks is shown in Table 1.
It is something like

[0013]

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, the rice husk contains a very large amount of useful soluble nitrogen-free substances, but the above-mentioned conventional use hardly uses this component.

[0015]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and extracts organic acids from plant materials such as rice husks containing a large amount of soluble nitrogen-free substances, and the analysis results thereof Based on this, it is intended to be used for various purposes such as soil improvement, promotion of fermentative ripening of compost, enhancement of plant vitality (prevention of pests and diseases), fungal bed, deodorization / deodorization, and repelling of animals.

[0016]

A functional organic acid of vegetable origin for solving the above-mentioned problems is an organic acid obtained by subjecting a plant material containing a soluble nitrogen-free substance to dry distillation or fumigation to extract a pheno-containing component of the organic acid. Content of 0.05% or less and 0.01% or less of cresols and cresols, respectively, and containing no carcinogenic substances, soil improvement, promotion of fermentation and maturation of compost, promotion of plant vitality (prevention of pests and diseases) ), Fungus bed, deodorant / deodorant, and animal evasion.

[0017]

According to the present invention, the organic acid extracted from the plant material containing a large amount of soluble nitrogen-free substances such as rice husk has a very small amount of phenols from the analysis results, and the organic acids Since it does not contain carcinogens, it is highly safe and can be used for various purposes such as soil improvement, promotion of fermentation and ripening of compost, promotion of plant vitality (prevention of pests and diseases), fungus bed, deodorization / deodorization, and repelling of animals. Has a functional effect.

[0018]

EXAMPLES Examples of rice husks according to the present invention will be described below. Table 2 also shows the analysis results of organic components extracted from rice husks.

[0019]

[Table 2]

Table 3 shows the results of analysis of rice husk ash (smoked charcoal).
Shown in

[0021]

[Table 3]

From the analysis results of Tables 2 and 3, it is expected that the organic acid extracted from the rice husk will have the following effects by supplementing the rice husk ash (smoked charcoal).

(1) Soil improvement No harmful substances such as phenols are contained, and physical properties such as air permeability and water retention of soil play a role of soil improvement. That is, by spraying a diluted organic acid (for example, a 100-fold solution), useful microorganisms in the soil are propagated in about one week to give vitality to the survival of the crop, and grow a crop that is resistant to pest damage. Also,
Prevents soil oxidation.

(2) Acceleration of fermentative ripening of compost It is useful for making compost because it does not contain components such as phenols that inhibit the growth of plants. While keeping the aerobic condition, if care is taken to reduce unnecessary waste of temperature, fermentation continues for about 2 weeks, then the fermented components disappear, the temperature of the compost gradually decreases, and the compost becomes mature in about 1 month.

(3) Promotion of plant vitality (prevention of pests and diseases) Dilute organic acid (for example, 100 to 50) on the leaves of crops, fruit trees, etc.
By spraying 0 times the solution, it will prevent pests and diseases and freeze and frost, and give vitality to plants.

(4) The components of the fungal bed rice husk ash (smoked charcoal) are suitable for the cultivation of edible mushrooms. For example, in a fungus bed of rice husk ash (smoked charcoal) 60% and sawdust 40%, the growing period is shortened, the quality is stable, and the yield is improved.

(5) Deodorization / Deodorization Organic acid components are effective for deodorization / deodorization. For example, the manure of livestock houses (cattle, pigs, chickens, etc.) is mixed with 100 times the amount of rice husk ash (smoked charcoal).

(6) Repelling of Animals Animals such as mice, cockroaches, insects, dogs and cats dislike the smell of organic acids having the components shown in Table 2. Therefore, for example, it may be sprayed around a fruit / vegetable warehouse, around the house, etc., but in order to maintain the effect for a long period of time, it is impregnated with a porous ceramic having a high water absorption rate and sprinkled.

[0029]

As described above, according to the present invention, an organic acid extracted from a plant material containing soluble nitrogen-free substances such as rice husk does not contain a carcinogen, and does not contain cresol. -It is extremely safe because it does not include the types of alcohol (0.019% is the regulation standard in the United States according to the Natural Environment Conservation and Promotion Act, but it is not regulated in Japan), and the amount of phenols is so small that it can be ignored. Soil improvement, promotion of fermenting and aging of compost, promotion of plant vitality (prevention of pests and diseases), fungal bed,
It has the effect of having versatile functionality such as deodorization / deodorization and animal repellency.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. An organic acid obtained by extracting a plant material containing a soluble nitrogen-free material by carbonization or fumigation, wherein the content of phenols and cresols in the components of the organic acid is 0.05% or less, and A plant functional organic acid, which is 0.01% or less and does not contain a carcinogen, and has been used for a plurality of purposes. 2. The plant functional organic acid according to claim 1, wherein the plant material containing soluble nitrogen-free material is rice husk, and one of a plurality of uses is soil improvement. 3. The plant functional organic acid according to claim 1, wherein the plant material containing a soluble nitrogen-free substance is rice husk, and one of a plurality of uses is promotion of fermentation and ripening of compost. 4. The plant function according to claim 1, wherein the plant material containing a soluble nitrogen-free substance is rice husk, and one of a plurality of uses is to enhance vitality of plants (prevention of pests and diseases). Organic acid. 5. The plant functional organic acid according to claim 1, wherein the plant material containing a soluble nitrogen-free substance is rice husk, and one of a plurality of uses is a fungal bed. 6. The plant functional organic acid according to claim 1, wherein the plant material containing a soluble nitrogen-free material is rice husk, and one of a plurality of uses is deodorization / deodorization. 7. The plant functional organic acid according to claim 1, wherein the plant material containing a soluble nitrogen-free substance is rice husk, and one of a plurality of uses is repelling of animals.