JPH09209531A - Roof panel and roof structure of building using the roof panel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a roof panel, by which a light and heat hybrid collector can be installed on a roof of a building at good efficiency. SOLUTION: A roof panel comprises a roof material 1 formed by sandwiching a heat insulating material 11 between a roof interior material 12 and a roof board 13, a waterproof sheet 2 stretched on the upper surface of the roof material 1, and a selective absorbing film 3 with high solar energy absorptivity, which is stretched on the upper surface of the waterproof sheet 2. Further, the roof panel comprises a solar battery element 43 sandwiched between two transmitting base plates 41, 42 and a light and heat hybrid collector 4 supported and fixed on the waterproof sheet 2 through an air layer 6 by a support material 5.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a roof panel mainly used for a roof of a building and a roof structure using the roof panel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been proposed an optical / thermal hybrid collector capable of converting solar light energy into electric energy by a solar cell and collecting solar heat energy by a heat collector. In this optical / thermal hybrid collector, a plurality of solar cell elements are arranged on the back surface of the translucent substrate, and a housing is formed so that an air layer serving as an air flow path is formed on the back surface side of the solar cell elements. There is known a structure in which an air inlet / outlet is provided in the vicinity of an end portion on the back surface of the housing (see Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 6-51749).

It is also known to install this optical / thermal hybrid collector on the roof of a building and use it for hot water supply, cooling and heating, etc.

[0004]

However, since the optical / thermal hybrid collector has been manufactured independently in the past, in order to install the optical / thermal hybrid collector on the roof of the building, at the construction site, There is a problem that the work efficiency is very poor because the work of providing the heat insulating layer on the roof material and the work of fixing the light / heat hybrid collector on the heat insulating layer must be performed.

Further, in the conventional solar cell module, an air inlet / outlet is provided in the vicinity of the end portion of the back surface of the housing so that natural ventilation can be obtained in the air layer on the back surface side of the solar cell element, and the natural ventilation allows the solar air to flow. Since the battery is intended to be cooled, if the roof slope is small, it is difficult to generate updrafts and it is difficult to obtain natural ventilation, so that the heat collection efficiency becomes very poor. As a result, the solar cell may be heated and the power generation performance may be reduced.

In view of the above problems, the first object of the present invention is to efficiently install the light / heat hybrid collector on the roof of a building. A second object is to improve the heat collection rate when the hybrid collector is installed and prevent the power generation performance from being deteriorated due to heating of the solar cell.

[0007]

In order to achieve the first object, in the roof panel according to claim 1 of the present invention, a roof material formed by sandwiching a heat insulating material between a roof interior material and a base plate, and A waterproof sheet stretched on the upper surface of the roofing material and a solar cell element provided on the back surface of the translucent substrate are formed, and are supported and fixed by a support material on the waterproof sheet via an air layer. And a light / heat hybrid collector. In the roof panel according to claim 2 of the present invention, a selective absorption film having a high solar heat absorption rate is stretched on the upper surface of the waterproof sheet.

In order to achieve the second object, the roof structure according to claim 3 of the present invention is a roof structure in which the roof panel according to claim 1 or 2 is installed on a building frame. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided in the roof material of the roof panel, and an air introduction unit capable of introducing air into the air layer of the roof panel is connected to the inlet or the outlet. The roof structure according to claim 4 of the present invention, on the outlet side of the roof panel, is switched between a ventilation mode for discharging the air in the air layer to the outside and a heating mode for discharging the air in the air layer into the building. The possible switching means is provided.

[0009]

In the roof panel according to the first aspect of the present invention, the waterproof sheet is stretched on the roof material only by installing and fixing it on the building frame, and the air layer is interposed on the waterproof sheet. In this state, it is possible to form a roof on which the solar cells are supported and fixed. In addition, the roof thus configured can convert the light energy of the sun into electric energy by the solar cell element, and can collect the heat energy of the sun by collecting the air in the air layer. it can.

In the roof panel according to the second aspect of the present invention, the waterproof sheet is stretched on the roof material only by installing and fixing it on the building frame, and the selective absorption film is stretched on the upper surface of the waterproof sheet. It is installed, and light is further provided on it through the air layer.
It is possible to construct a roof in which a thermal hybrid collector is supported and fixed. Further, in the roof thus configured, the air in the air layer is easily heated by the heat absorption effect of the selective absorption film, so that a higher heat collection rate can be secured as compared with the case where the selective absorption film is not provided.

In the roof structure according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the air can be introduced into the air layer of the roof panel by the air introduction means, even in a situation where natural ventilation is difficult to obtain, the air is forced into the air layer. Air can be introduced,
A high heat collection rate can be secured.

In the roof structure according to claim 4 of the present invention, when the switching means is set to the heating mode so that the air in the air layer is discharged into the building during cold weather such as winter, the air in the heated air layer is discharged. Since you can warm the inside of the building with
During heating, it is possible to reduce the heating load of the air conditioner or the like. On the other hand, when it is hot in summer, etc., if the switching means is set to the ventilation mode and the air in the air layer is exhausted to the outside, the temperature rise in the attic can be suppressed, so during cooling, the cooling load of the air conditioner etc. Can also be reduced.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION First, the structure of a roof panel according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a roof panel according to an embodiment. This roof panel P includes a roof material 1, a waterproof sheet 2, a selective absorption film 3, a light / heat hybrid collector 4, a support material 5, It is composed of.

The roof material 1 is formed in a rectangular shape by sandwiching a heat insulating material 11 between a roof interior material 12 and a base plate 13, and the length and width of the roof material 1 are appropriately set according to the dimensions of the roof. . The material of the heat insulating material 11 is highly heat insulating styrene or urethane foam, and its thermal conductivity is 0.021 to 0.035.
It is kcal / mh ℃.

The waterproof sheet 2 is stretched on the upper surface of the roof material 1, and the selective absorption film 3 is stretched on the upper surface of the waterproof sheet 2. The selective absorption film 3 is formed of a material having a solar heat absorption rate of 0.91 to 0.94 and an emissivity of 0.09 to 0.12. Further, the selective absorption film 3 may have a staggered shape so as to improve heat collection efficiency, and ventilation may be performed by a fan or the like. The waterproof sheet 2 and the selective absorption film 3 are
It is also possible to use one sheet of a material having a high solar heat absorption efficiency, a low emissivity, and a waterproof property.

The light / heat hybrid collector 4 is formed by sandwiching the solar cell element 43 between two translucent substrates 41 and 42 made of glass or polycarbonate resin.
It is supported and fixed on the waterproof sheet 2 by a support member 5 with an air layer 6 interposed therebetween. The solar cell element 43
May be any of those made of short crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or amorphous silicon, but those made of short crystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon prevent the solar cell element 43 from being heated. It is effective to improve the power generation efficiency, and the one using amorphous silicon as a material has a characteristic that the power generation efficiency does not easily decrease even when the temperature of the air layer 6 becomes high. select.

The support member 5 is made of a hard material having excellent weather resistance such as aluminum, and is formed in a frame shape so as to surround the optical / thermal hybrid collector 4 and make the air layer 6 a closed space. . In addition, the support member 5 has two upper and lower parts.
Flanges 51 and 52 are provided at the positions, and the optical / thermal hybrid collector 4 is sandwiched between the upper flange 51 and the lower flange 52, and the selective absorption film 3 is sandwiched between the lower flange 52 and the waterproof sheet 2. I'm out. That is, the vertical width of the air layer 6 has a size corresponding to the thickness of the lower flange 52.

Next, a roof structure of a building using the roof panel of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
2 is a perspective view showing a building using the roof panel of the embodiment, FIG. 3 is an elevation view showing an air flow in the building using the roof panel of the embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a roof of the embodiment. It is a top view which shows the flow of the air in a building using a panel.

When constructing a roof with the roof panel P, an inlet a and an outlet b which penetrate the roof panel P, the waterproof sheet 2 and the selective absorption film 3 are formed in advance on the roof panel P (see FIG. 4). ) Is provided to allow the air in the air layer 6 to flow through the inflow port a and the outflow port b. These inlets a and outlets b are preferably provided at diagonal positions of the roof panel P in order to prevent uneven flow of the air in the air layer 6. Further, the inflow port a and the outflow port b may be provided at the stage of manufacturing the roof panel P.

In the building shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, six roof panels P are arranged side by side on the building frame (rafter), and these six roof panels P serve as one roof surface of the gable roof. Is configured. The number of roof panels P can be appropriately changed according to the shape and size of the roof,
Regardless of the number of the roof panels P, the waterproof sheet 2 is stretched on the roof material 1 by a simple construction that is simply installed and fixed on the building frame, and on the upper surface of the waterproof sheet 2. It is possible to construct a roof in which the selective absorption film 3 is stretched, and the optical / thermal hybrid collector 4 is supported and fixed on the selective absorption film 3 with the air layer 6 interposed therebetween. Although illustration is omitted, the roof panels P are sealed with a cover material.

Further, in this building, as an air introducing device capable of introducing air into the air layer 6 of the roof panel P, an air supply device 7 for supplying air into the air layer 6 and the air layer 6 are provided.
An exhaust device 8 for exhausting the internal air to the outside of the air layer 6 is provided.

The air supply device 7 is attached to the eaves of a building, and is provided with an outside air supply port 71 open to the outside, a ventilation port 72 open to the inside and a blowout port 73, and the blowout port 73 is a duct. It is connected to each of the inflow ports a of the six roof panels P via 9 and can supply the outside air into the air layer 6 of the roof panel P by operating the fan 74. In addition, this air supply device 7
Alternatively, a damper may be provided at the air outlet 73 to switch between the outside air mode for supplying outside air to the air layer 6 and the inside air mode for supplying room air to the air layer 6.

The exhaust device 8 is attached to the back of a building, and is provided with an external exhaust port 81 open to the outside, an internal exhaust port 82 open to the indoor and an intake port 83, and the intake port 83 is a duct. It is connected to each of the outlets b of the six roof panels P via 10 and the air in the air layer 6 can be discharged to the outside of the air layer 6 by operating the fan 84. Further, the exhaust device 8 is provided with a damper 85 as a switching means for switching between a ventilation mode for discharging the air in the air layer 6 to the outside and a heating mode for discharging the air in the air layer 6 into the building. .

The internal exhaust port 82 may be opened in the room so that the room can be heated, or between the ceiling and the roof, between the ceiling and the floor, and between the outer wall material and the inner wall material. It may be possible to open the space between the partition walls and the like so that the pillars and beams that are the building frame can be heated.

That is, in this building, the air can be introduced into the air layer 6 of the roof panel P by the air supply device 7 and the exhaust device 8, so that the air layer is forcibly forced even in a situation where natural ventilation is difficult to obtain. Air can be introduced into the inside of the chamber 6, and a high heat collection rate can be secured. Moreover, since the air in the air layer 6 is easily heated by the heat absorption effect of the selective absorption film 3, it is possible to secure a higher heat collection rate than in the case where the selective absorption film 3 is not provided. As a result, it is possible to reliably prevent a decrease in power generation performance due to a temperature increase of the solar cell element 43.

Further, when it is cold such as in winter, the exhaust device 8
If the damper of is set to the heating mode and the air in the air layer 6 is discharged into the building, the air in the heated air layer 6 can warm the inside of the building, and at the time of heating, the heating load of the air conditioner or the like. Can also be reduced.

On the other hand, when it is hot in summer, the exhaust device 8
If the damper is set to the ventilation mode and the air in the air layer 6 is discharged to the outside, the temperature rise in the attic can be suppressed, and the cooling load of the air conditioner or the like can be reduced during cooling.

[0028]

In the roof panel according to claim 1 of the present invention, a roof material formed by sandwiching a heat insulating material between a roof interior material and a base plate, and a waterproof sheet stretched on the upper surface of the roof material. And a light / heat hybrid collector formed by providing a solar cell element on the back surface of the translucent substrate, and being supported and fixed by a supporting material on the waterproof sheet via an air layer. Therefore, a roof with an optical / thermal hybrid collector can be constructed by a simple construction in which the roof panel is installed and fixed on the building frame.

In the roof panel according to claim 2 of the present invention, since the selective absorption film having a high solar heat absorption rate is stretched on the upper surface of the waterproof sheet, the roof panel is installed and fixed on the building frame. With a simple construction, you can construct a roof with a light / heat hybrid collector with a high heat collection rate.

In the roof structure according to the third aspect of the present invention, the roof panel roof material is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet or the outlet has an air layer in the roof panel. Since an air introducing means capable of introducing air is connected to the device, it is possible to reliably ensure a high heat collection rate, and it is possible to reliably prevent a decrease in power generation performance due to heating of the solar cell. To be

In the roof structure according to claim 4 of the present invention, on the outlet side of the roof panel, there is a ventilation mode for discharging the air in the air layer to the outside and the air in the air layer is discharged into the building. Since the switching means that can switch to the heating mode is provided, the switching means can be set to the heating mode to warm the inside of the building, and the switching means can be set to the ventilation mode to suppress the temperature rise in the attic. As a result, the effect that the cooling and heating load of the air conditioner can be significantly reduced can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a roof panel of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a building using the roof panel of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an elevation view showing a flow of air in a building using the roof panel according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an air flow in a building using the roof panel according to the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 P Roof panel 1 Roofing material 11 Insulation material 12 Roofing base material 13 Field plate 2 Waterproof sheet 3 Selective absorption film 4 Optical / thermal hybrid collector 41, 42 Translucent substrate 43 Solar cell element 5 Supporting material 6 Air layer 7 Air supply device (Air introducing unit) 8 Exhaust device (Air introducing unit) 85 Damper (Switching unit)

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Jun Hasegawa, Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. 32, Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture (72) Inventor Shota Morita, 22-22 Nagaike-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Prefecture Sharp Corporation (72) Satoshi Tanaka 22-22, Nagaike-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A roof material formed by sandwiching a heat insulating material between a roof interior material and a base plate, a waterproof sheet stretched on the upper surface of the roof material, and a solar cell element provided on the back surface of a translucent substrate. And a light / heat hybrid collector which is supported and fixed on the waterproof sheet via an air layer by a support material. 2. The roof panel according to claim 1, wherein a selective absorption film having a high solar heat absorption rate is stretched on the upper surface of the waterproof sheet. 3. A roof structure comprising the roof panel according to claim 1 or 2 installed on a building frame, wherein a roof material of the roof panel is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. A roof structure of a building using a roof panel, characterized in that an air introduction means capable of introducing air into the air layer of the roof panel is connected to the inlet or the outlet. 4. The switching means is provided on the outlet side of the roof panel and is capable of switching between a ventilation mode for discharging the air in the air layer to the outside and a heating mode for discharging the air in the air layer into the building. The roof structure according to claim 3, wherein: