JPH0925629A - Method of driving construction of pile and equipment thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the driving efficiency of a steel sheet-pile. SOLUTION: A nozzle 26 for compressed water is installed at the lower end of a steel sheet-pile 11. A high-pressure pump supplying the nozzle 26 for the compressed water with compressed water W is mounted. A nozzle 27 for compressed air is fitted at the lower end of the steel sheet-pile 11. An air compressor feeding the nozzle 27 for compressed air with compressed air A is set up. Compressed water W is injected from the nozzle 26 for compressed water, and excavating holes 41 are formed at the lower end of the steel sheet- pile 11 by the compressed water W. When compressed air A is injected from the nozzle 26 for compressed air, gravel 42 is rocked vertically when compressed air A is elevated as bubbles (a). The gravel is agitated by the bubbles (a) and voids are formed among the gravel 42, and the lower end of the steel sheet-pile 11 can be driven by comparatively small force.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for placing piles such as steel sheet piles, H-shaped steel piles, steel pipe piles and concrete piles, and an apparatus therefor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a method of placing piles such as steel sheet piles, H-shaped steel piles, steel pipe piles and concrete piles, for example, as a method of placing steel sheet piles, a press-fitting / pulling machine that is driven by static load or a vibration is driven. A construction method using a vibro hammer or the like is known. Also, depending on the conditions such as the driving length of the steel sheet pile and the ground, a so-called water jet is used in combination with those methods. In this method using a water jet, a pipe is attached along a steel sheet pile, a nozzle is provided at the lower end of the pipe, the upper end of the pipe is connected to a pump, and compressed water pumped from the pump is squeezed by the nozzle. The jet water excavates the lower end of the steel sheet pile, and sand and the like are discharged to the ground while being mixed with the water.

[0003]

In the method using the water jet, high-pressure blast water suppresses an increase in stress between the lower end of the steel sheet pile and the ground, thereby reducing the driving resistance. Although it is not known in the case of sand and gravel layers, when injection is performed with a controlled pressure and injection amount, the soil particles move by increasing the pore water pressure between the soil particles, causing stones and rocks below the steel sheet pile to move. Can be moved to facilitate driving. However, when steel sheet pile hits a gravel layer or the like in which stones and rocks are firmly fixed by soil particles such as sand or clay, the driving efficiency decreases. However, even if the number of pumps for pressure feeding was increased to two, the driving efficiency could not be improved as expected.

8A and 8B are cross-sectional explanatory views showing a state in which compressed water 3 is jetted from a nozzle 2 provided at the lower end of a steel sheet pile 1 which is a pile in a gravel layer or the like. As shown in (A), the soil particles surrounding the gravel 6 by the compressed water 3 injected from the nozzle 2 are discharged along the water along the steel sheet pile 1 and discharged to the ground, as shown by an arrow 5. Drill hole 4
Is formed. However, it is not possible to remove the gravel 6 such as stones and rock fragments that are not affected by the compressed water 3, and a plurality of gravel 6
The large-diameter lump 8 consisting of remains as it is, which hinders the driving of the steel sheet pile 1. Therefore, when the pressure and the injection amount of the compressed water 3 are increased, as shown in the cross section of FIG.
The drill hole 4 becomes deeper, and a large amount of soil particles 7 are discharged along the water along the steel sheet pile 1 and discharged to the ground. On the contrary, the bottom of the large drill hole 4 is affected by the compressed water 3. Since the lumps 8 made up of a plurality of gravel 6 that are not subjected to the accumulation are deposited, the steel sheet pile 1
Is difficult, and even if the pressure and injection amount of the compressed water 3 are increased, the excavation hole 4 becomes deeper and gravel 6 is deposited on the bottom of the excavation hole 4, and the pressure of the compressed water is described above. As described above, even if it is doubled, it is not possible to improve the driving efficiency commensurate with the increase in the cost and the cost of the device related to the compressed water, and it is expected that the driving efficiency will be lowered in some cases.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of driving a pile and a device therefor which can be driven at a relatively low cost and can improve the driving efficiency.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a casting method.
This is a pile construction method in which compressed air is jetted from the lower end in a pile construction method in which compressed water is jetted from the lower end and the pile is driven into the ground.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a driving device for driving a pile into the ground, a compressed water nozzle provided at a lower end of the pile, and a compressed water supply for supplying compressed water to the compressed water nozzle. It is a pile placing device comprising a device, a compressed air nozzle provided at the lower end of the pile, and a compressed air supply device for supplying compressed air to the compressed air nozzle.

[0008]

In the structure of claim 1, the compressed water sprayed from the lower end forms a drill hole at the lower end of the pile from which soil particles have been removed, and the gravel accumulated in the drill hole is compressed water and compressed air. When the compressed air becomes bubbles and rises, the single gravel rocks up and down to create a gap between the gravel, thereby facilitating the driving and reducing the driving resistance of the pile.

In the structure of the above-mentioned claim 2, the compressed water is jetted from the compressed water nozzle, the compressed water forms the excavation hole in which the soil particles are removed at the lower end of the pile, and the compressed air nozzle compresses the excavated hole. When air is injected, the compressed air and compressed water vibrate the gravel accumulated in the excavation hole, and when the compressed air rises as bubbles, the gravel simple substance is swung up and down, and the gravel Creating a gap reduces the driving resistance of the pile.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 to 6 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In the first embodiment, the present invention is applied to a pile press-fitting and retracting machine for driving a steel sheet pile, which is a pile, by applying a static load,
The steel sheet pile wall 12 consisting of multiple steel sheet piles 11 has a pile press-in / pull-out machine.
13 is fixed, and the pile press-in / pull-out machine 13, which is this driving device,
The lower part thereof is provided with a fixed leg portion 14 for sandwiching the plurality of steel sheet piles 11, and the fixed leg portion 14 is provided so as to be movable in the length direction of the steel sheet pile wall 12 by a moving device (not shown). The pile press-fitting / extracting machine 13 is fixed to the steel sheet pile wall 12 by sandwiching the steel sheet pile wall 12 by a plurality of sandwiching portions 14A provided in the lower portion of the fixed leg portion 14. The pile press-in / pull-out machine 13 has a pinching arm 15 for pinching the steel sheet pile 11 and a pile press-in / pull-out unit 16 for moving the pinching arm 15 up and down.

A pipe 21 is detachably provided along the steel sheet pile 11, and the pipe 21 is composed of an outer pipe 22 and an inner pipe 23, and a compressed water passage 24 is formed between the inner surface of the outer pipe 22 and the outer surface of the inner pipe 23. And a compressed air passage 25 is formed inside the inner tube 23. A compressed water nozzle 26 is provided at the lower end of the pipe 21.
The compressed water nozzle 26 is provided as shown in FIG.
Has a tapered inner surface 26A that narrows toward the lower end. Further, the lower end of the compressed water nozzle 26 is provided with the inner pipe.
23 is located and the compressed air nozzle 27 is
Is composed. As shown in FIG. 2, a fitting 28 is integrally provided on the upper end side of the pipe 21.
A detachable hook portion 29 is pivotally attached to the upper edge of the steel sheet pile 11 so as to be rotatable, and a fall-prevention wire 30 is provided at a lower portion of the fixture 28, and is lifted at an upper portion thereof. Wire 31 is provided. The lower portion of the pipe 21 is fixed to the steel sheet pile 11 by a steel band 32.The steel band 32 has legs 32A on both sides, and at a position sandwiching the steel band 32 vertically, The pipe 21 has a projection 26B
Is provided. Further, a water hose adapter 33 communicating with the compressed water passage 24 and an air hose adapter 34 communicating with the compressed air passage 25 are provided at an upper end of the pipe 21. High pressure hose 35 to water hose adapter 33
A high-pressure pump 36, which is a compressed water supply device, is connected via this, and this high-pressure pump 36 is connected to a water tank 37, and water is stored in this water tank 37 by an underwater pump 38. Further, an air compressor 40 as a compressed air supply device is connected to the air hose adapter 34 via a hose 39.

Next, the driving of the steel sheet pile 11 by the above-mentioned device will be explained. The pipe 21 is lifted by the wire 31 for suspending the fixture 28, and the hook portion 29 of the fixture 28 is driven into the upper edge of the steel sheet pile 11. The pipe 21 is placed in the recess 11A of the steel sheet pile 11, and the lower end of the pipe 21 is fixed by the band 32. The band 32 has its legs 32A fixed to the steel sheet pile 11 by welding, and the fall-prevention wire 30 is arranged on the outer surface side of the steel sheet pile 11 as shown in FIG. Thus, even if the hook portion 29 is detached from the steel sheet pile 11, the fall prevention wire 30 can prevent the steel sheet pile 11 from falling. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the steel sheet pile 11 is clamped and fixed by the clamping arm 15 of the pile press-in / draw-out machine 13 fixed to the steel sheet pile wall 12, and a static load is applied to the steel sheet pile 11 by the pile press-in / pull-out means 16. Push the steel sheet pile 11 into the ground, when the pushing of the predetermined depth is completed, release the clamping by the clamping arm 15,
The clamping arm 15 is moved upward, clamped and fixed again at a position above the clamping arm 15, is again subjected to static load and is pushed into the ground, and this process is repeated to drive the steel sheet pile 11. In this driving process, the high-pressure pump 36 and the air compressor 40
Is operated to inject the compressed water W throttled by the nozzle 26 from the tip of the compressed water nozzle 26 and to inject the compressed air A. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the excavation hole 41 is formed at the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11, and the debris accumulated in the excavation hole 41 is formed.
42 vibrates by the force of the compressed water W and the compressed air A,
The adhering soil particles (not shown) are removed, and the soil particles travel along the surface of the steel sheet pile 11 and are discharged to the ground with water, and when the compressed air A rises as bubbles a. Gravel
The rocks 42 are swung up and down, and the gravel 42 is agitated by the lift-up effect of the bubbles a of the compressed air A. The clumps 8 shown in the conventional example become fine gravels 42 by removing the soil particles that fix the gravels 42 to each other. And a gap is formed between the gravels 42 by the stirring action of the bubbles a of the compressed air A, and the steel sheet pile 11
Dramatic reduction in driving resistance. In this way, steel sheet pile
When the driving of 11 is completed, the pipe 21 is lifted off by the hanging wire 31 and the steel band 32 is removed.
Can be broken from the welded portion of the leg 32A by the lifting force, and only the pipe 21 can be pulled up.

[0013] Table 1 below shows a press-fitting method with a compressed water injection method in which compressed water is injected using a 90-ton class hydraulic pile press-in and pull-out machine in an experiment of placing a 7-meter steel sheet pile into a gravel layer. This shows a comparative example of a press-fitting method using both compressed air and compressed water for injecting compressed air together with the compressed water shown in the present embodiment.

[0014]

[Table 1]

[0015] As shown in Table 1 above, in the press-fitting system with compressed water injection, the nozzle injection pressure was set to 50 kg / cm ^2.
For example, when the pressure is increased twice, for example, to 100 kg / cm ² , on the contrary, the press-in resistance increases from 30 tons to 55 tons, and it is found that the press-in resistance cannot be reduced only by increasing the injection pressure. This is because, in the driving of steel sheet pile in the gravel layer, when the injection pressure of water is increased, the excavation hole formed at the bottom of the steel sheet pile becomes deeper, and a mass of gravel is deposited at the bottom of this drill hole,
Indicates that the press fitting resistance is increased, whereas, lowering the nozzle injection pressure from 50 Kg / cm ² to 30 Kg / cm ^2, press-fitting resistance indicates a rise from this that, in accordance with the ground conditions or the like of the preferred It has been found that by setting the injection pressure, efficient work can be performed, and merely increasing the injection pressure cannot improve the casting efficiency. When the nozzle injection pressure is 150 kg / cm ^{2 in} the press-fitting method with compressed water injection, there is no description of the press-in time because the reaction force sheet pile of the hydraulic pile press-in and pull-out machine was pulled out during the experiment and the work could not be continued. Because it became. Also, in the press-fitting method using both compressed air and compressed water,
At a nozzle injection pressure of 50 kg / cm ² , the injection resistance was the lowest, and 5 kg / cm ² together with the injection of water.
It can be seen that by injecting compressed air, the press-in resistance is greatly reduced compared to the compressed water injection combined injection method, which means that when compressed air is injected, the gravel is agitated due to the lift-up effect of the generated bubbles. At the same time, a gap is created between the gravel floating in the water of the excavation hole and the driving resistance of the steel sheet pile is reduced. It was found that it could be reduced.

6 (A) and 6 (B) show an experimental model conducted by the present inventor. A plurality of stones 52 and sand 52A are put in the bottom of a cylindrical container 51, and two stones 52A and sand 52A are put in the container 51. An experiment in which air was injected together with water 53 under the same conditions as in the case where only the water 53 was injected with the lower end of the heavy pipe 54 inserted was performed, and comparison was made by visual observation. In the case of spraying only the water 53, as shown in FIG. 6A, the sand 52A between the stones 52 moves upward together with the water 53 and is removed, but the stones 52 are deposited on the bottom of the container 51. still,
It was confirmed that the higher the pressure of the water 53, the denser the pile 52 with no gap between the stones 52 below the double pipe 54. On the other hand, in the case of injecting air at the same time, when the air rises as a bubble, it can be confirmed that a force for causing the stone 52 to float upward together with the sand 52A works. It was recognized that the stones 52 were agitated and the gaps between the stones 52 became larger when air was simultaneously injected.

As described above, in this embodiment, according to claim 1, the steel sheet pile 11 serving as a pile while jetting the compressed water W from the lower end.
In the method of placing a pile into the ground, the pile is a method of placing a compressed air A from the lower end, so the compressed water W injected from the lower end removes the soil particles that fix the gravel 42. A drill hole 41 is formed at the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11. The gravel 42 accumulated in the drill hole 41 vibrates by the jetting force of the compressed air A and the compressed water W, and the compressed air A becomes a large bubble a. When it rises, the gravel 42 swings up and down, a gap is created between the gravel 42, the driving resistance of the steel sheet pile 11 decreases, and the driving efficiency of the steel sheet pile 11 in the gravel layer can be improved.

As described above, in this embodiment, the second aspect
Corresponding to, a pile press-in / pull-out machine 13 as a driving device for driving a steel sheet pile 11 as a pile into the ground, a compressed water nozzle 26 provided at the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11, and a compressed water nozzle 26 for compressed water. High-pressure pump 36 that is a compressed water supply device that supplies W, and steel sheet pile 11
Nozzle for compressed water, since it is a driving device for a steel sheet pile, which is provided with a nozzle 27 for compressed air provided at the lower end of the nozzle and an air compressor 40 which is a compressed air supply device for supplying compressed air A to the nozzle 27 for compressed air. Inject compressed water W from 26,
An excavation hole 41 is formed at the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11 by this compressed water W, and when compressed air A is further injected from the compressed air nozzle 27, the excavation force of this compressed air A and compressed water W causes the excavation hole 41 to be formed. The gravel 42 accumulated therein vibrates and rocks up and down when the compressed air A becomes large bubbles a and rises,
A gap is generated between the gravel 42, and the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11 can be driven with a comparatively small force in a state where it is agitated by the bubbles a and a gap is generated between the gravel 42. Because it does, it becomes cheap.
Further, since the compressed air nozzle 27 is provided at the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11 and the compressed air A is directly injected from the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11, the water in the excavation hole 41 is greatly foamed and the gravel 42 is efficiently stirred. Then, the steel sheet pile 11 is easily driven into the lower end between the gravel 42. Further, by providing the compressed air nozzle 27 at substantially the same position as the lower end position of the compressed water nozzle 26 or below the lower end position of the compressed water nozzle 26, the compressed air A having a lower pressure than the compressed water W is satisfactorily injected. be able to.

FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted. An example using a vibratory pile driving and pulling machine 13A such as a vibratory hammer is shown. This vibrating punching machine 13A has a chuck 61 for holding the upper part of the steel sheet pile 11 at a lower part, and a vibrating means 62.
Is used by being lifted by a crane 63. An operating generator 65 is connected to the pile driving and pulling machine 13A via an operation unit 64. And the operation unit
By operating the 64, the vibrating means 62 is vibrated using the power generator 65 as a power source, the steel sheet pile 11 is driven, and the compressed water W and the compressed air A are injected from the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11 as in the first embodiment. I do.

As described above, in this embodiment, the vibration type pile press-fitting / extracting machine 13A, which is a driving device for driving the steel sheet pile 11 into the ground, the compressed water nozzle 26 provided at the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11, and the compressed water. High-pressure pump 36 which is a compressed water supply device for supplying compressed water W to the nozzle 26, compressed air nozzle 27 provided at the lower end of the steel sheet pile 11, and compressed air A to the compressed air nozzle 27.
Compressor 40 that supplies compressed air
Since it is a driving device for a steel sheet pile including the device, the device is relatively inexpensive, the driving efficiency can be improved, and the same action and effect as those of the first embodiment are obtained.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, as a pile, besides steel sheet pile,
The present invention can be applied to a method and an apparatus for driving long objects such as H-shaped steel piles, steel pipe piles and concrete piles. Further, various types of pile press-in and pull-out machines and pile driving and pulling machines can be used. Further, in the embodiment, the pipe made of the double pipe in which the inner pipe is inserted into the outer pipe is shown, but the pipe for sending the compressed air and the pipe for sending the compressed air may be separately provided.

[0022]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a driving method for a pile, in which compressed water is jetted from the lower end to drive the pile into the ground, and compressed air is jetted from the lower end. ,
It is possible to provide a method for driving a pile, which can be driven at a relatively low cost and can improve the driving efficiency.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a driving device for driving a pile into the ground, a nozzle for compressed water provided at a lower end of the pile, and a compressed water supply for supplying compressed water to the nozzle for compressed water. A device, a nozzle for compressed air provided at the lower end of the pile, and a compressed air supply device for supplying compressed air to the compressed air nozzle, and a device for driving a pile, which is relatively inexpensive and has a driving efficiency. It is possible to provide a pile driving device that can improve the workability.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a steel sheet pile with a pipe attached according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a lower end of the pipe showing the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the lower end of the steel sheet pile showing the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory sectional view of a lower end of a steel sheet pile in a driven state, showing the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an experimental apparatus showing a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 (A) is a cross-sectional view in water injection, and FIG.
(B) It is sectional drawing in water and air injection.

FIG. 7 is an overall perspective view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a conventional example, in which FIG. 8 (A) is a partially enlarged cross-sectional explanatory view in a state where compressed water is injected at a low pressure, and FIG. It is sectional explanatory drawing of the state which carried out.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Steel sheet pile (pile) 13 Pile press-in / pull-out machine (punching device) 13A Pile press-in / pull-out machine (punching device) 26 Compressed water nozzle 27 Compressed air nozzle 36 High pressure pump (compressed water supply device) 40 Air compressor (compression) Air supply device) W compressed water A compressed air

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A pile driving method for driving a pile into the ground while injecting compressed water from the lower end, wherein compressed air is injected from the lower end. 2. A driving device for driving a pile into the ground, a nozzle for compressed water provided at the lower end of the pile, a compressed water supply device for supplying compressed water to the nozzle for compressed water, and a lower end of the pile. And a compressed air supply device for supplying compressed air to the compressed air nozzle, and a pile driving device.