JPH0925789A - Tunnel excavator and tunnel excavating method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make the outer shape of a body expandable/shrinkable and eliminate the interference between the inner face wall of a tunnel and the outer peripheral face of the body by moving multiple support bodies split in the peripheral direction along the radial direction. SOLUTION: When the outer diameter of a body is to be shrunk as required, side support cylinders 18-21 are driven to shrink cylinder rods, and side supports 13, 14 are rotated inward while their connection sections to a lower support 25 are used as fulcrums. A roof support cylinder 25 is driven to move the support main body 12a of a roof support 12 inward. Support connection sections 12b, 12c are moved inward to the side supports 13, 14 side, and the shrinkage of the outer periphery length caused by the outer diameter shrinkage of the body is absorbed. When the outer diameter of the body is shrunk and the interference between the inner face wall of a tunnel and the outer peripheral face of the body is eliminated, an excavation is restarted. When the body is somewhat advanced, the support cylinders 18-21 are driven, and the outer diameter of the body is returned to the original outer diameter.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method, and more particularly to a tunnel boring machine (T) for excavating rock or the like to construct a tunnel.
It is useful for BM).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A general tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as TBM) has a cutter head which is driven and rotatable on a front portion of a skin plate having a cylindrical shape. A large number of roller cutters for excavating bedrock are attached. Further, a pair of front grippers that press-contact the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel and hold the skin plate in position are attached to the skin plate. Further, a guide tube having a hollow shape and extending rearward is fixed to the partition wall of the skin plate, and a rear support body is movably attached to the rear portion of the guide tube along the excavation direction. Then, a pair of rear grippers for pressing the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel to hold the rear support member in position are mounted on the rear support member. Further, a plurality of thrust cylinders are installed between the skin plate and the rear support.

Therefore, when the rear gripper holds the position of the rear support and the front gripper releases the position of the skin plate, the cutter head is driven to rotate to extend a plurality of thrust cylinders. Excavates the rock in front, and the skin plate moves forward. When the full stroke of the thrust cylinder is extended, the front gripper holds the skin plate in position while the rear gripper releases the position holding of the rear support. In this state, when the plurality of thrust cylinders are contracted, the rear support member is pulled toward the skin plate and moved forward. Thereafter, as described above, the rear gripper holds the position of the rear support, while the front gripper releases the position of the skin plate, and the thrust heads are extended while the cutter head is being driven to rotate. The rock is excavated by the cutter to move forward. The tunnel is built by repeating this.

[0004]

By the way, when excavating rock by the above-mentioned conventional TBM to form a tunnel, it is possible to interrupt the rock excavation for a long time due to maintenance of the device, replacement of the cutter, failure or the like. is there. Also, the TBM may be stopped for 2 to 3 days depending on the holiday. The bedrock is usually in the ground in a compressed state, and the formation of a tunnel can cause the bedrock to expand, in which case the TBM excavates the inner diameter of the tunnel smaller. Then, due to the expansion of the rock mass, a stress acts on the outer peripheral surface of the skin plate, and again, T
Even if the rock is excavated by the BM to form a tunnel, the skin plate, that is, the TBM itself cannot move forward.

In this way, the inner diameter of the excavated tunnel becomes smaller due to the expansion of the rock mass, and the skin plate (TBM)
If the operator cannot move forward, conventionally, an operator goes out of the TBM and manually excavates the outer periphery of the skin plate to increase the inner diameter of the tunnel before starting excavation. Therefore, there is a problem that the burden on the worker is increased and the work efficiency is deteriorated, and it takes a long time to construct the tunnel.

The present invention solves such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method for improving excavation work efficiency.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A tunnel excavator according to the present invention for achieving the above object comprises a tubular body composed of a plurality of circumferentially divided supports, and the plurality of supports. Support moving means for expanding / contracting the outer diameter of the body by moving the body in the radial direction, a cutter head rotatably mounted on the front part of the body, and a cutter head disposed behind the body. A pair of rear support members, a rear support member press-contacting means for press-contacting the inner wall surface of the tunnel excavated with the pair of rear support members, and a plurality of propulsion means provided between the body and the rear support member. It is characterized by having.

Therefore, when excavating rock mass with this tunnel excavator, the cutter head mounted on the front part of the fuselage is in a state of being pressed against the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel by the rear support pressing means. When the body is advanced with respect to the rear support by the plurality of propulsion means while driving and rotating, the front rock is excavated by the cutter head and a tunnel is formed. Then, when the tunnel excavator is stopped for a long time and the inner diameter of the excavated tunnel becomes small due to the expansion of rock mass, etc., the support moving means moves a plurality of supports constituting the fuselage inward of this fuselage. By reducing the outer diameter of the fuselage, interference between the inner wall surface of the tunnel and the outer circumferential surface of the fuselage is eliminated, and the fuselage can move forward.

Further, the tunnel excavation method of the present invention excavates the rock mass in front by advancing the cylindrical body divided into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction while drivingly rotating the cutter head attached to the front part. In the tunnel excavation method for forming a tunnel, when the inner diameter of the tunnel formed around the fuselage becomes small due to the expansion of the rock to be excavated, the outer diameter of the tubular fuselage is reduced and then the tunnel is advanced. It is a thing.

Therefore, when excavating rock mass using this tunnel excavation method, the front rock mass is excavated to form a tunnel by advancing the tubular body while driving and rotating the front cutter head. When the inner diameter of the tunnel formed around the fuselage becomes small due to the expansion of the rock mass to be excavated, the excavation becomes possible by reducing the outer diameter of the tubular fuselage.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel boring machine as a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 to 4 are main cross-sectional views of the tunnel boring machine of the present embodiment. II-II cross section of FIG. 1, FIG.
III-III cross section of FIG. 4, and FIG. 4 shows a IV-IV cross section of FIG.

In the tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as TBM) of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a cylindrical body 11 is divided into a plurality of circumferentially divided (in this embodiment, (4) a roof support 12 as a support, a pair of side supports 13 and 14, and a lower support 15. That is, support disk 1
A cutter head support 17 is integrally fixed to the outer peripheral portion of 6, and a lower support 15 having an arcuate outer peripheral surface is fixed to the lower portion of the cutter head support 17. A pair of side supports 13 and 14 whose outer peripheral surfaces are arcuate are located on both sides of the cutter head support 17, and the lower ends thereof are pivotally attached to the lower support 15. Further, a roof support 12 having an arcuate outer peripheral surface is located above the cutter head support 17, and both side portions are connected to the side supports 13 and 14, respectively.

On both sides of the cutter head support 17, side support return cylinders 18,
19 and side support wedge cylinders 20 and 21 are mounted, and each side support return cylinder 1
The tip end portions of the cylinder rods 8 and 19 are connected to the side supports 13 and 14, and the wedge members 2 that press the side supports 13 and 14 outward are attached to the tip end portions of the cylinder rods of the side support wedge cylinders 20 and 21.
2, 23 are attached. Also, roof support 1
Reference numeral 2 is composed of a support body 12a and support connecting portions 12b and 12c rotatably connected to both ends thereof, and each end portion of the support connecting portions 12b and 12c is an upper end portion of each side support 13 and 14. Is connected by a connecting pin 24 so as to be movable in the circumferential direction. A roof support cylinder 25 is mounted on the upper part of the cutter head support 17.
The tip end of the cylinder rod 5 is connected to the support body 12 a of the roof support 12.

Therefore, each side support cylinder 18,
When 19, 20, 21 are driven to reduce the cylinder rod, the side supports 13, 14 rotate inward with the connecting portion with the lower support 15 as a fulcrum. When the roof support cylinder 25 is driven to reduce the cylinder rod, the support body 12a of the roof support 12 moves inward. At this time, the support connecting portions 12b and 12c of the roof support 12 are connected to the side supports 13 and 14 by the connecting pin 20 so as to be movable in the circumferential direction, and the roof support 12 (support body 12a) and the side supports 13 and 14 are inwardly moved. With the movement of, the support connecting portions 12b and 12c move inward while reducing the distance from the side supports 13 and 14. In this way, by moving the roof support 12 and the side supports 13 and 14 inward or outward, the outer diameter of the body 11 can be expanded or contracted.

A cutter head 26 is attached to the front of the body 11 by a cutter head support 17,
A large number of roller cutters 27 for excavating rock are attached to the front surface of the cutter head 26. While the ring gear 28 is fixed to the cutter head 26,
The cutter head support 17 has a large number (12 in this embodiment).
Cutter drive motors 29 are mounted, and a drive gear 30 of the cutter drive motor 29 meshes with the ring gear 28. Therefore, by driving the cutter drive motor 29, the cutter head 26 can be rotationally driven via the drive gear 30 and the ring gear 28.

At the rear of the cutter head support 17, one end of a guide tube 31 having a rectangular tube shape is fixed.
The rear portion of the guide cylinder 31 extends rearward in the tunnel. The rear support 3 is provided at the rear end of the guide cylinder 31.
2 is fixed to the rear support 32. Two leg portions 33 that support the rear portion of the guide cylinder 31 are attached to the rear support 32, and the rear support 32 is extendable and contractable by a support cylinder 34. Further, in the rear part of the guide cylinder 31, an upper gripper carrier 35 as a rear support is provided along the longitudinal direction of the guide cylinder 31.
Is movably mounted, and a pair of left and right lower gripper carriers 36 are vertically movably attached to the upper gripper carrier 35, and the lower gripper carrier 36 can be moved vertically by a pair of vertical cylinders 37. A pair of upper and lower upper gripper cylinders 38 are mounted on the upper gripper carrier 35, while a pair of left and right lower gripper cylinders 39 are mounted on the lower gripper carrier 35. The gripper cylinders 38 and 39 have their main bodies supported by support pins 40 and 41.
On the other hand, a pair of left and right arc-shaped rear grippers 42, 43 which are in pressure contact with the inner wall surface of the tunnel are attached to the tip end portion of the drive rod while being pivotally mounted on the drive rods 5, 36.

Therefore, by driving the support cylinder 34 to extend the two leg portions 33 and abutting the tip portions thereof on the inner wall surface of the tunnel, the rear portion of the guide cylinder 31 can be supported in the tunnel. Also, the gripper cylinders 38, 39
Drive each of the rear grippers 42,
By pressing 43 against the inner wall surface of the tunnel, the guide cylinder 31 can be movably supported in the tunnel.

One end of a connecting rod 44 is connected to the support disk 16 described above, the main body of the thrust cylinder 45 is connected to the rear grippers 42, 43 of the rear support 32, and the other end of the connecting rod 44 is connected. The drive rod tip of the thrust cylinder 45 is connected to the guide cylinder 31 by a connecting pin 46 and a support link 47. The excavation mechanism composed of the connecting rod 44 and the thrust cylinder 45 is 6 in this embodiment.
It is provided individually. Therefore, this thrust cylinder 45
By driving, the body 11 and the rear support 32 can be moved toward and away from each other, and the relative positions of the two can be changed.

A hopper 48 is arranged in the center of the cutter head 36 and is fixed to the support disk 16 via a bracket 49. A belt conveyor 50 for carrying out the excavated bedrock is arranged in the guide cylinder 31, one end of which is connected to the lower part of the hopper 48 and the other end of which extends behind the tunnel.

Further, a track T is installed in sequence at the bottom of the tunnel formed by excavation of bedrock, and a rail R is laid on this track T, and a truck C is mounted on this rail R. Is freely movable, and the newly installed roadbed D is carried into the tunnel by the carriage C. A rail 51 is also fixed to the lower surface of the guide cylinder 31, and a towing hook 52 is movably attached along the rail 51. The track D carried by the carriage C is predetermined by the towing hook 52. Installed in position. Further, the lower support 15 of the body 11 has 3
A book pressing cylinder 53 is mounted, and by driving (extending) this pressing cylinder 53, the track bed D can be arranged without a gap. Further, by driving (extending) the pressing cylinder 53 with respect to the TBM having the center of gravity at the front portion of the body 11, the inclination of the body 11 can be suppressed.

A TBM operation chamber 54 is provided in the middle of the guide cylinder 31, and a workbench 55 is provided above the TBM along the longitudinal direction of the guide cylinder 31. And
A ring beam erector 56 for assembling the ring beam B and a roof pinner 57 are provided at the front of the work table 55.

Here, a tunnel excavation method using the tunnel boring machine of this embodiment described above will be explained.

First, the gripper cylinders 38 and 39 are driven to extend the drive rods, and the rear grippers 42 and 43 are pressed against the inner wall surface of the tunnel to hold the guide cylinder 31 movably in the tunnel. Further, the support cylinder 34 is driven to reduce the two leg portions 33, and the tip end portion is separated from the inner wall surface of the tunnel, thereby releasing the support of the guide cylinder 31 in the tunnel. In this state, the cutter drive motor 29 is driven to drive the drive gear 30 and the ring gear 28.
The cutter head 26 is rotationally driven through the thrust cylinder 45, and the thrust cylinder 45 is driven (extended) to propel the body 11 and the cutter head 26 forward. Then, the rotationally driven cutter head 26 is pressed against the rock in front, and the roller cutter 27 excavates.

Thus, the body 11 and the cutter head 26 are
When the vehicle moves forward to form a tunnel, the roadbed T carried in by the carriage C is assembled at a predetermined position by the tow hook 52, and the pressing cylinder 53 is driven (extended) to arrange the roadbed D without a gap. When the thrust cylinder 45 extends for the entire stroke, the drive of the thrust cylinder 45 is stopped. Then, the support cylinder 34 is driven to extend the two leg portions 33 and the tip end portion thereof contacts the inner wall surface of the tunnel, thereby supporting the rear portion of the guide cylinder 31 in the tunnel. On the other hand, the gripper cylinders 38 and 39 are driven to reduce the drive rod, and the rear grippers 42 and 43 are separated from the inner wall surface of the tunnel, thereby releasing the holding of the guide cylinder 31 in the tunnel. In this state, the thrust cylinder 45 is driven (reduced), and the body 11 (cutter head 26)
The rear grippers 42, 43 are pulled toward each other and moved forward.

Then, again, the gripper cylinders 38, 3
9 to drive the rear grippers 42 and 43 into pressure contact with the inner wall surface of the tunnel, hold the guide cylinder 31 movably, and
The support cylinder 34 is driven to separate the two leg portions 33 from the inner wall surface of the tunnel, and the support of the guide cylinder 31 is released. In this state, in the same manner as described above, the cutter drive motor 29
Is driven to rotate the cutter head 26, and the thrust cylinder 45 is driven to press the cutter head 26 against the rock in front, and the roller cutter 27 excavates to form a tunnel.

During excavation and formation of the tunnel in this way, rock excavation is interrupted for a long time due to equipment maintenance, cutter replacement, failure, etc.
~ TBM may be stopped for 3 days. Then, the rock mass may expand, the inner diameter of the tunnel excavated by the TBM becomes small, and the expanding force acts on the outer peripheral surface of the body 11, and the TBM cannot advance. In this case, the excavation work is started after the outer diameter of the body 11 is reduced to eliminate the interference between the outer peripheral surface of the body 11 and the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

That is, each side support cylinder 18, 1
9, 20 and 21 are driven to reduce the cylinder rod, and the side supports 13 and 14 are rotated inward with the connecting portion with the lower support 15 as a fulcrum. Further, the roof support cylinder 25 is driven to reduce the cylinder rod, and the support body 12a of the roof support 12 is moved inward.
At this time, each support connecting portion 12 of the roof support 12
b, 12c while moving inward, side support 13,
By moving to the 14 side, the reduction of the outer peripheral length accompanying the reduction of the outer diameter of the body 11 is absorbed. By thus moving the roof support 12 and the side supports 13 and 14 inward, the outer diameter of the body 11 is reduced.

When there is no interference between the body 11 and the inner wall surface of the tunnel by reducing the outer diameter of the body 11, as described above, the cutter drive motor 29 is driven to rotate the cutter head 26 and the thrust. The cylinder head 45 is driven to press the cutter head 26 against the rock in front, and the roller cutter 27 excavates. When the body 11 moves forward to some extent, each support cylinder 18, 19,
20, 21, 25 are driven to extend the cylinder rods respectively and move to the outside of the side supports 13, 14 and the roof support 12 to enlarge the outer diameter of the body 11 to return to the original outer diameter.

The tunnel is excavated for a predetermined length by repeating the above-mentioned work.

In the above embodiment, the body 11 is composed of the roof support 12, the side supports 13 and 14, and the lower support 15 which are divided into four in the circumferential direction.
The number of divisions is not limited to four, and may be two or five or more. Further, the lower support 15 may be configured to be movable.

[0032]

As described above in detail with reference to the embodiments, according to the tunnel excavator of the present invention, a plurality of cylindrical bodies having a drive head rotatable cutter head mounted on the front thereof are provided in the circumferential direction. The outer diameter of this fuselage can be increased or decreased by moving it in the radial direction by the support moving means, so it is possible to stop the tunnel excavator for a long time and expand the rock mass. When the tunnel inner diameter becomes smaller, the support moving means moves a plurality of supports forming the fuselage inward of the fuselage to reduce the outer diameter of the fuselage, so that the tunnel inner wall surface and the fuselage outer circumference are reduced. The body can be moved forward without interference with the surface, the operator does not need to dig manually, the burden is reduced, the excavation interruption time is reduced, and the excavation work efficiency can be improved.

Further, according to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, the forward rock mass is excavated by driving the cutter head mounted on the front part to rotate and advancing the tubular body divided into a plurality in the circumferential direction. When the inner diameter of the tunnel formed around the fuselage becomes smaller due to the expansion of the rock to be excavated, the outer diameter of the tubular fuselage is reduced before proceeding with the excavation. Can be reduced and the efficiency of excavation work can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a tunnel boring machine as a tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main part of the tunnel boring machine of the present embodiment, which is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a main part of the tunnel boring machine of the present embodiment, which is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a main part of the tunnel boring machine of the present embodiment, which is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 1.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Body 12 Roof Support 13, 14 Side Support 15 Lower Support 18, 19 Side Support Return Cylinder 25 Roof Support Cylinder 26 Cutter Head 29 Cutter Drive Motor 31 Guide Cylinder 32 Rear Support (Rear Support) 42, 43 Rear Gripper 45 Thrust Cylinder (Propulsion Means) )

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical body composed of a plurality of circumferentially divided supports, and a support for expanding and contracting the outer diameter of the body by moving the plurality of supports along the radial direction of the body. Moving means, a cutter head rotatably mounted on the front of the body, a pair of rear supports disposed behind the body, and an inner wall surface of a tunnel excavating the pair of rear supports. A tunnel excavator, comprising: a rear support pressing means for press-contacting with the body; and a plurality of propulsion means installed between the body and the rear support. 2. A tunnel excavation method for forming a tunnel by excavating rock mass in front by advancing a cylindrical body divided into a plurality of parts in a circumferential direction while drivingly rotating a cutter head attached to a front portion. A method for excavating a tunnel, wherein when the inner diameter of a tunnel formed around the body is reduced due to expansion of rock mass to be excavated, the outer diameter of the tubular body is reduced before the tunnel is advanced.