JPH09302327A - Biodegradable bioactive agent composition - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject slow-acting release composition capable of readily molding and biologically degradable after disposing by adding a biologically active agent and an inorganic carrier to a biodegradable plastic composition comprising a biodegradable plastic, starch (derivative) and saccharides. SOLUTION: This slow-acting composition comprises (A) 20-70 pts.wt. biodegradable plastic (preferably biodegradable aliphatic polyester), (B) 30-80 pts.wt. starch and/or starch derivative, (C) 3-30 pts.wt. saccharides (preferably sucrose), (D) 0.5-80 pts.wt. one or more kinds of biologically active agents (preferably fertilizer, insecticide, germicide, effective germicides, etc.) and (E) 0-15 pts.wt. inorganic carrier. For example, 22 pts.wt. aliphatic polyester is mixed with 22 pts.wt. corn starch, 6 pts.wt. saccharide (sugar) and 50 pts.wt. chemical fertilizer (containing three components) and the mixture is fed to twin-screw extruder and the resultant pellet is molded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a biodegradable bioactive agent composition which has a slow-acting effect on bioactive agents such as agricultural chemicals and is easily biodegraded by microorganisms in a natural environment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When bioactive agents such as fertilizers and pesticides are applied to the soil, rapid application of active ingredients causes decomposition, decomposition, and volatilization of the active ingredients. There was a problem of damage to plants due to high concentration. Therefore, development of slow-acting (slow-acting) fertilizers and pesticides has been promoted.

As slow-release fertilizers, in addition to solid fertilizers, chemical fertilizers containing nitrification inhibitors, coated fertilizers, etc., IB-type nitrogen, CDU nitrogen, methyleneurea, etc., in which the fertilizer components themselves are slow-release are known. . Various slow-release pesticides have also been devised in the same manner.For example, the adsorption method allows diatomaceous earth, bentonite, vermiculite, or a natural carrier such as clay to be adsorbed, and the coating method involves silica sand, calcium carbonate, or clay-free clay. In the melt-granulation method, the main ingredient is melted with urea and formaldehyde-condensed to be liquefied and blown out from a nozzle to be rapidly cooled and granulated to form granules. In addition to the method of loading onto various synthetic carriers such as polymer compounds, the method of suppressing the degradability of the agricultural chemical component itself is also known. However,
In addition to the insufficient slowing effect, all of them lacked the slowing effect as a control means.

On the other hand, various plastic products are used in large quantities, and when they become waste after use, they are not decomposed under normal conditions and are not decomposed by corrosion by microorganisms. For this reason, research on degradable plastics has been conducted in the past, and roughly divided into (1) adding photosensitizers or introducing specific photosensitizing groups to photopolymerize and photopolymer chains are cleaved to lower the molecular weight. Degradable plastics, (2) biodegradable plastics that eventually decompose into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms that live in soil, water, sludge, etc., and (3) non-degradable plastics blended with biodegradable plastics. As a result, biodegradable plastics that disintegrate in soil are being researched and developed.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to make a bioactive agent slower than conventional slow-acting fertilizers, slow-acting pesticides and the like, and to easily control the slow-acting effect. ,
It is intended to provide a biodegradable bioactive agent composition that is easily biodegraded by microorganisms in a natural environment. Further, it is a further improvement on the conventionally known biodegradable plastics in terms of physical properties, easiness of disassembly and cost, and responds to increasing awareness of environmental problems.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies by the present inventor, (A) biodegradable plastic and (B) starch and / or
Alternatively, by adding (D) a bioactive agent to a biodegradable plastic composition obtained by adding (C) a saccharide to a mixed system composed of starch derivatives, and further optionally adding (E) an inorganic carrier, the above problems can be solved. The inventors have found that these problems can be solved and have reached the present invention.

That is, the present invention is the following (1) to (7).

(1) (A) Biodegradable plastic 20
~ 70 parts by weight, (B) starch and / or starch derivative 30 ~
Biodegradable bioactivity comprising 80 parts by weight, (C) 3 to 30 parts by weight of sugar, (D) 0.5 to 80 parts by weight of one or more kinds of bioactive agents, and (E) 0 to 15 parts by weight of inorganic carrier. Agent composition.

(2) A foamable biodegradable composition characterized by further containing (F) a foaming agent in the composition described in (1) above.

(3) The biodegradable composition according to the above (1) or (2), wherein (A) the biodegradable plastic is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester.

(4) The biodegradable composition according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the saccharide (C) is sucrose.

The biodegradable composition according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the bioactive agent (5) (D) is a fertilizer.

The above (6) (D) bioactive agent is an insecticide,
The biodegradable composition according to the above (1) or (2), which is one or more kinds of drugs selected from the group consisting of fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, animal repellents and animal attractants. Stuff.

(7) The biodegradable composition according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the bioactive agent (D) is an effective fungus.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the following, the present invention will be described in detail. In the present invention, a specific biodegradable plastic composition is mixed with a bioactive agent, and the pelletized product is stored in a soil or other natural environment. It is gradually biodegraded, and various bioactive agents contained therein are eluted to maintain its biological activity.

The biodegradable plastic which is the component (A) constituting the composition of the present invention is conventionally known and is not particularly limited. Known biodegradable plastics include chemically synthesized products, natural polymers that are constituent components of animals and plants, and polymers produced by microorganisms as raw materials.

Examples of the chemically synthesized products include aliphatic polyester, polylactic acid, polyglycolide, polybutyric acid and the like, as well as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Alternatively, water-soluble polymers such as partially saponified products are exemplified.

As the natural polymer, cellulose,
Examples include chitin and chitosan. Starch is also a biodegradable natural polymer and is a polysaccharide, but since starch is used as the component (B) in the present invention, (A) and (C)
Excluded from the ingredients.

Examples of the polymers produced by the microorganisms include copolymers of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV), polyamino acids and the like. Certain polysaccharides are also produced from microorganisms, but since saccharides are used as the component (C) in the present invention, (A)
Excluded from the ingredients.

Of these, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters obtained by polycondensing polyols such as 1,4-butanediol and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid and adipic acid are preferred.

In the present invention, one kind or two or more kinds of biodegradable plastics can be used.

Starch and / or the component (B) of the present invention
Or, as the derivative thereof, but not limited to, corn starch, potato, potato starch such as sweet potato,
Examples thereof include rice starch, wheat starch, acetylated products, methylated products, allylated products, and carboxymethylated products thereof. Of these, corn starch (corn starch) is the most common and preferred. Also, a mixture of these can be used.

The saccharides constituting the component (C) of the present invention are
A generic term for monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. Examples of monosaccharides include monose, diose, triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, heptose, octose, nonose, and decose. As oligosaccharides, maltose, cellopose, gentiopiose, meripiose, lactose, turanose, trehalose, sucrose,
Examples include disaccharides such as insaccharose, and trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides such as maltotriose. Versatility among these,
Disaccharides are preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling, and sucrose is particularly preferable because it is marketed as sugar. Also, a mixture of these can be used.

The bioactive agent which constitutes the component (C) of the present invention has various effects on plants and animals and is not particularly limited. Specific examples thereof include fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, animal repellents, pesticides such as animal attractants, and effective fungi. These are not particularly limited.

Further, one or more of these may be added to a biodegradable plastic composition for use, or may be separately pelletized from a biodegradable plastic composition containing a bioactive agent, and these may be appropriately blended for use. You can also

Examples of fertilizers include ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, urea, lime nitrogen, lime nitrate, sodium nitrate, form nitrogen (formaldehyde processed urea), IB nitrogen (isobutyraldehyde processed urea), CDU nitrogen (acetaldehyde processed urea). ), Nitrogen fertilizers such as phosphorous ammonium, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium potassium sulfate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium humic acid, potassium fertilizers such as ash, superphosphate, lime biphosphate, magnesia superphosphate,
Phosphate fertilizers such as fused phosphorus fertilizer, BM fused phosphorus, boron fused phosphorus, magnesium-heavy burned phosphorus, boron-manganese-burned magnesium-fired phosphorus, various chemical fertilizers, advanced chemical fertilizers, compound chemical fertilizers, solid fertilizers, liquid fertilizers , Trace element fertilizers, lime and siliceous fertilizers, magnesia fertilizers, organic fertilizers, etc.

Examples of pesticides include natural products, synthetic natural products, carbamate compounds, organic phosphorus compounds, acaricides, organic chlorine compounds, machine oils, inorganic compounds, insecticides such as nematicides, and organic compounds. Phosphorus-based, organic sulfur-based, antibiotic-based, quinone-based, phenol-based, nitrogen-containing, organic arsenic-based bactericides, phenoxyacetic acid-based, carbamate-based, urea-based, carboxylic acid-based, triazine-based, quaternary amine-based , Diphenyl ether-based, heterocyclic-based, inorganic-based herbicides, plant growth promoters, growth inhibitors, defoliants, flower thinning agents, fruit harvesters and other plant growth regulators, animals such as dogs, cats, mice and insects Repellents, animal attractants such as moths, bees and cockroaches, chemical infertility agents, bioactive substances such as insect hormones and the like can be mentioned.

[0028] Examples of effective fungi include fermentative synthetic bacteria (fermentative synthetic microorganisms) such as E. coli.

Of these, various fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, dog / cat repellents, effective fungi and the like are particularly preferable.

The above-mentioned bioactive agents may be mixed alone, but an inorganic carrier as the component (E) may be added. Examples of the inorganic carrier include inorganic substances such as ceramic powder, zeolite, kaolin, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate and aluminum silicate. The inorganic substance that is the carrier also functions as a biodegradation regulator.

In the biodegradable bioactive agent composition of the present invention, each of the components (A) to (D) can be selected from a wide range depending on the desired drug effect and physical properties. Generally (A)
20 to 70 parts by weight of component, 30 to 80 parts by weight of component (B),
It comprises 3 to 30 parts by weight of component (C), 0.5 to 80 parts by weight of component (D), and 0 to 15 parts by weight of component (E). Although the biodegradability is lowered, a known non-biodegradable polymer may be appropriately mixed in addition to the above components. The proportion of the main component (D) added is 0.5 to 80 parts by weight as described above, preferably 5 to 60 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight.

In the present invention, a foaming composition can be prepared by further containing a known foaming agent as the component (F). As the foaming agent, a known foaming agent can be used in an amount usually used. The use range can be further expanded by using a foam.

Examples of the foaming agent include hydrocarbons such as butane, pentane, hexane, heptane and octane, halogenated hydrocarbons, water and microcapsules thereof, carbonate type foaming agents such as sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate, and azodicarbonate. Examples include chemical blowing agents such as amides.

The method for producing the biodegradable bioactive agent composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the above (A), (B),
After mixing the components (C), (D) and (E) in a predetermined mixing ratio with a Henschel mixer or a tumbler, a known kneading device such as a uniaxial or multiaxial extruder, a Banbury mixer, a kneader or a roll is used. It can be easily obtained by melt-kneading. It is also possible to omit the mixing of the raw materials by a Henschel mixer, a tumbler or the like, supply the various raw materials to the melt-kneading device using separate feeders, and knead the mixture. Alternatively, pelletization may be omitted, and the components may be mixed in powder form and introduced into a molding machine.

In the present invention, various additive components such as a plasticizer, a lubricant, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a flame retardant, and a release agent may be prepared as polymer pellets, if necessary. It may be added at any time or during the molding of the polymer molded body.

When the composition of the present invention is used as a foam material, it can be easily foamed by a known method such as an ordinary injection molding machine. From a low foaming ratio of about 2 to 3 times,
It is possible to adjust the foaming up to about 20 to 30 times.

When the biodegradable bioactive agent composition of the present invention is used in edible plants and the like, the above-mentioned various additives are those known to be harmless to the human body such as food coloring agents. Is preferred.

In the present invention, a non-biodegradable thermoplastic can be used together. in this case,
Waste is decomposed by biodegradable plastic (A) component, starch and / or starch derivative (B) component, and saccharide (C) component by microorganisms inhabiting soil, etc. The object loses its form and can be used as a collapsible plastic.

Examples of such non-biodegradable plastics include styrene resins, olefin resins,
Methacrylic resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polyvinylidene chloride resins, polyamide resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, polycarbonate resins, polyacetal resins, polyphenylene ether resins, fluororesins and various thermoplastic elastomers, among others. Of these, styrene resins, olefin resins, methacrylic resins and polyvinyl chloride resins are common.
Two or more of these can be used.

The biodegradable bioactive agent composition of the present invention thus obtained is a known method generally used for molding thermoplastic polymers, such as injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding and inflation molding. Molded into pellets of various shapes and particle sizes by a method such as vacuum molding. Further, it may be formed into a desired pellet after being formed into a film, a biaxially stretched film, a sheet, a foamed sheet, foamed beads or the like.

The pellets produced from the biodegradable bioactive agent composition of the present invention can be used in combination with other known bioactive agents such as fertilizers and agricultural chemicals. By combined use with these, it is possible to reduce the number of times of spraying, or to combine the fast-acting one and the slow-acting one of the present invention to more consistently maintain the effect. In addition, as a result of coating the surface of fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, etc. with biodegradable plastics, the hygroscopicity possessed by these can be suppressed.

Since the composition of the present invention comprises biodegradable plastic and starch as main components and sugars added, it can be easily molded into a molded product such as pellets, and the molded product is a bioactive agent. It has both the biological activity of and various physical properties of plastics, and after use, soil, water,
Completely decomposed by microorganisms living in sludge

[0043]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1 (A) Aliphatic polyester 22 parts (Showa High Polymer Bionole 1020) (B) Corn starch 22 parts (C) Sucrose (sugar) 6 parts (D) Synthetic fertilizer (containing three components) 50 parts The mixture of the above components was fed to a twin-screw extruder to form pellets.

The appearance of the obtained pellets was good, and there was no occurrence of kogation or discoloration due to the added sucrose. In addition, the degree of solidification as pellets was sufficient, and washing with water was possible.

Roses were planted in a medium prepared by collecting from the soil, and the above pellets were sprayed. 3 pellets at room temperature
After being left for a month, it was almost completely biodegraded. The condition of rose growth was very good.

For the purpose of comparison, when sucrose as the component (C) was excluded, pellets were molded and decomposed in the same manner as described above. Was the same, but the moldability was very poor. The growth condition of roses was slightly lowered. (B)
Molding of the same pellets except that the component and the component (C) are removed,
And disassembling, the moldability is slightly inferior,
Almost no decomposition when left in soil for 3 months.

Example 2 (A) Polylactic acid 47 parts (B) Corn starch 47 parts (C) Sucrose (sugar) 5 parts (D) and (E) 1% by weight of EM bacteria (Rescue EM1) ceramic powder 1 Parts A mixture of the above components was fed to a twin-screw extruder to form pellets.

The appearance of the obtained pellets was good, and no kogation or discoloration was caused by the added sucrose. In addition, the degree of solidification as pellets was sufficient, and washing with water was possible.

Ornamental plants (Pachira, Sandeliana) were planted in a medium prepared by collecting from soil, and the above pellets were sprayed to cover the soil thinly. The pellet was almost biodegraded when left at room temperature for 3 months. The growing condition of the foliage plants was very good, and no pest damage occurred. The green color of the new leaves became a little darker, and the thickness of the leaves became slightly thicker.

For comparison, sucrose (sugar) as the component (C)
Was pelletized and decomposed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sucrose (sugar) was excluded, and the biodegradability was inferior to that of the above-mentioned Example of the present invention. ,
The growth of the ornamental plants was slightly reduced.

From this, it is understood that the biodegradability can be controlled and promoted by adding sucrose (sugar).

Example 3 (A) Polylactic acid 22 parts (B) Corn starch 22 parts (C) Sucrose (sugar) 6 parts (D) Chemical fertilizer (containing three components) 49 parts (E) Ceramic powder 1 part Each of the above When the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out using a mixture of components, the same effect was obtained.

Example 4 In order to investigate the effect of adding the ceramic powder, when only the four components (A), (B), (C) and (D) of Example 3 were used, they were biodegraded in about 3 months. When the content of the ceramic powder in the component (E) was 1% or less, it decomposed in about 6 months. When the content of the ceramic powder in the component (E) was 2%, it decomposed in about 9 months. When only the biodegradable plastic as the component (A) was used, it hardly decomposed in about 9 months.

From this, it is understood that the addition amount of the ceramic powder has a function of controlling the biodegradation rate.

[0056]

The biodegradable bioactive agent composition of the present invention comprises:
It is easy to mold and is completely biodegraded in a short time by microorganisms in the soil after disposal. Therefore, it is extremely useful for environmental problems, resource problems, and garbage problems.

It is considered that the reason why the present invention exerts the above-mentioned particularly excellent effects is that the bioactivity becomes slow because the biodegradable plastic as the binder contains the bioactive agent. Although the reason why the biodegradability of plastics is promoted is not always clear, saccharides such as sucrose used as the third component function as a lubricant during plastic molding and biodegradation by microorganisms at the time of disposal. This is probably because it has the function of promoting Further, the biodegradability can be controlled by the inorganic substance such as ceramic powder or zeolite used as the carrier.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. (A) Biodegradable plastic 20-70
Parts by weight, (B) starch and / or starch derivative 30 to 80 parts by weight, (C) sugar 3 to 30 parts by weight, (D) one or more kinds of bioactive agents 0.5 to 80 parts by weight, and (E) Inorganic carrier 0
A biodegradable bioactive agent composition comprising 15 parts by weight. 2. The foamable biodegradable composition according to claim 1, further comprising (F) a foaming agent. 3. The biodegradable composition according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable plastic (A) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester. 4. The biodegradable composition according to claim 1, wherein the saccharide (C) is sucrose. 5. The biodegradable composition according to claim 1, wherein the bioactive agent (D) is a fertilizer. 6. The (D) bioactive agent is one or more drugs selected from the group consisting of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, animal repellents and animal attractants. The biodegradable composition according to claim 1 or 2. 7. The biodegradable composition according to claim 1, wherein the bioactive agent (D) is an effective fungus.