JPH093144A - Production of water-base resin dispersion - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To prepare a water-base resin dispersion which gives a film having an excellent water resistance and satisfactory gloss, hardness, water repellency, etc., by subjecting a specific macromonomer and a specific unsatd. monomer to emulsion copolymn. in a water-base medium. CONSTITUTION: This water-base resin dispersion is obtd. by the emulsion copolymn. of a radical-polymerizable macromonomer having amine or ammonium carboxylate groups (e.g. a macromonomer obtd. by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate with t-butyl methacrylate in the presence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid, reacting the resultant copolymer having a COOH group at one molecular end with glycidyl methacrylate, decomposing the t-butyl ester groups to convert them into COOH groups, and neutralizing the COOH groups of the resultant product with an ammonia water) and an ethylenically unsatd. monomer (e.g. butyl methacrylate, stryene, and butyl acrylate) in a water-base medium (e.g. water).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous resin dispersion suitable as a paint or a pressure sensitive adhesive.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the tightening of regulations on solvents around the world, solvent-free and water-based methods have been used in the fields of paints, coating agents, adhesives, molding materials, medical materials, electronic materials, etc. There is a flow. However, when an aqueous resin dispersion obtained by, for example, emulsion polymerization using an emulsifier is used in place of a solvent-based resin product, it is attempted to be used for various purposes.
There was a problem that the water resistance was poor due to the emulsifier contained in the resin dispersion. In order to solve the above problems, the use of an anionic reactive emulsifier as an emulsifier has been proposed (JP-A-3-76765). In this method, the reactive emulsifier is copolymerized with other monomers and incorporated into the constitutional unit of the polymer, so that the water resistance is improved as compared with the method using a low molecular weight emulsifier. However, the water-based resin dispersion obtained by using the above reactive emulsifier also has insufficient water resistance, and has limitations in use.

On the other hand, a radical-polymerizable macromonomer containing a carboxyl group is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-17).
8512) uses such a macromonomer as a reactive emulsifier in the production of an aqueous resin dispersion, because the macromonomer is poor in water solubility and therefore does not have sufficient emulsifying properties. Such examination itself was not done.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that in aqueous emulsion polymerization, a macromonomer obtained by neutralizing a carboxyl group-containing macromonomer with amine or ammonia is used. , A film formed from the aqueous resin dispersion obtained by using it as a copolymerization monomer of other ethylenically unsaturated monomer has extremely excellent water resistance, and has gloss, hardness or repellency derived from the main constituent unit of the macromonomer. The inventors have found that the characteristics of water and the like are effectively exhibited on the surface of the film, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is a method for producing an aqueous resin dispersion, which comprises emulsion-copolymerizing a radically polymerizable macromonomer having an amine salt or ammonium salt unit of a carboxyl group and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in an aqueous medium. Is.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. The macromonomer in the present invention, that is, a radical-polymerizable macromonomer having a carboxyl group amine salt or ammonium salt unit (hereinafter referred to as a carboxylate group-containing macromonomer) is a radical at one end of a vinyl polymer having a carboxyl group as one structural unit. It is obtained by neutralizing a macromonomer having a polymerizable group (hereinafter referred to as a carboxyl group-containing macromonomer) with an amine or ammonia. The carboxyl group-containing macromonomer can be produced by a known production method (for example, JP-A-1-26870).
No. 9), and the outline thereof is that once a macromonomer consisting of a vinyl polymer having a constitutional unit convertible to a carboxyl group by post-treatment is once synthesized, the macromonomer is subjected to an operation such as heating. The method is to generate a carboxyl group on the macromonomer side.

The preferred method for producing the carboxyl group-containing macromonomer will be specifically described as follows. That is, for example, in the presence of a compound having a carboxyl group and a thiol group such as 3-mercaptopropionic acid, tert-butyl methacrylate and other vinyl monomers are radically copolymerized, and a vinyl polymer having a carboxyl group at one end. To get Glycidyl methacrylate is added to the terminal carboxyl group of the vinyl polymer to introduce an ethylenically polymerizable group at the terminal. Then, it is heated under an acid catalyst to decompose the tert-butyl group in the tert-butyl methacrylate monomer unit to obtain a carboxyl group-containing macromonomer.

In the above method, another vinyl monomer used together with a monomer (hereinafter referred to as a carboxyl group-introduced monomer) which is converted into a carboxyl group-containing monomer unit by post-treatment, that is, tert-butyl methacrylate and the like. As, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, (meth) Isobornyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate,
Examples thereof include (meth) acrylic acid esters such as hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate and perfluoroalkyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and styrene. The copolymerization ratio of the carboxyl group-introduced monomer and the other vinyl monomer is preferably 3 to 60% by weight of the carboxyl group-introduced monomer and 97 to 40% by weight of the other vinyl monomer.

The amount of carboxyl group in the carboxyl group-containing macromonomer is 0.2 to 5.0 mmol / g.
Is preferred. The preferred number average molecular weight of the carboxyl group-containing macromonomer is 1,000 to 20,000.

The carboxyl group-containing macromonomer is neutralized with amine or ammonia. In the present invention, it is preferable to neutralize the carboxyl group with ammonia or an amine having a low boiling point, specifically, an amine having a boiling point of 140 ° C. or lower at normal pressure is preferable, and examples of such an amine include trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, Examples thereof include dimethylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, t-butanolamine, morpholine and dimethylethanolamine. When ammonia or an amine having a low boiling point is used as a neutralizing agent for the carboxyl group in the macromonomer, when a coating film is formed from the finally obtained aqueous resin dispersion, the ammonia or amine is heated by heating during drying of the coating film. As a result, the coating film having excellent water resistance can be obtained.

The carboxyl group may be neutralized either partially or completely, but the preferable neutralization ratio is 50 to 50.
100%. The preferred amount of carboxylate groups in the resulting carboxylate group-containing macromonomer is 0.2 to 5.0 mmol / g. When the amount of the carboxylate group in the macromonomer is less than 0.2 mmol / g, stable emulsion polymerization becomes difficult when the main constituent unit of the macromonomer is a hydrophobic monomer unit, and it is also obtained. The physical properties peculiar to the macromonomer are unlikely to be exhibited on the surface of the film formed from the aqueous resin dispersion. On the other hand, the amount of carboxylate groups in the macromonomer
If it exceeds 5.0 mmol / g, the water resistance of the film formed by the aqueous resin dispersion tends to be impaired.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned carboxylate group-containing macromonomer and other ethylenically unsaturated monomer are emulsion-copolymerized in an aqueous medium. Specific examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer include various (meth) acrylic acid esters such as alkyl (meth) acrylate or hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, Examples thereof include vinyl propionate, butadiene, isoprene and styrene. The copolymerization ratio of the carboxylate group-containing macromonomer and the other ethylenically unsaturated monomer is preferably 3 to 50% by weight of the macromonomer and 97 to 50% by weight of the other ethylenically unsaturated monomer. When the amount of the macromonomer used is less than 3% by weight, the physical properties to be introduced by the macromonomer are difficult to develop in the aqueous resin dispersion, while when it exceeds 50% by weight, stable polymerization at high concentration becomes difficult.

The emulsion copolymerization in the aqueous medium of the present invention can be carried out by the following embodiments.
In each embodiment, the polymerization temperature is usually 50-9.
The temperature is 0 ° C., and the polymerization time is preferably 1 to 10 hours. A pre-emulsion method in which an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a carboxylate-containing macromonomer are emulsified and dispersed in an aqueous medium in the presence of an emulsifier to prepare a pre-emulsion, and the pre-emulsion is supplied to water containing a polymerization initiator for polymerization.
An oil-soluble polymerization initiator may be used and put in a pre-emulsion for use. A method of supplying an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a carboxylate-containing macromonomer into water at a predetermined temperature containing an emulsifier and a polymerization initiator, and performing polymerization. A method of supplying an ethylenically unsaturated monomer into water at a predetermined temperature containing a carboxylate-containing macromonomer, an emulsifier and a polymerization initiator, and polymerizing the monomer.

Since the carboxylate-containing macromonomer in the present invention also has an action as an emulsifier, in the present invention using it, if the macromonomer is used in a relatively large amount, it is stable without using other emulsifiers. Emulsion polymerization can be performed, and the amount of other emulsifiers used in combination can be significantly reduced. For example, when using a carboxylate-containing macromonomer having an amine salt or ammonia salt unit of a carboxyl group at a ratio of 1 mmol / g, if the copolymerization ratio of the macromonomer is 40% by weight or more, another emulsifier is used in combination. Is unnecessary. Aqueous resin dispersion obtained by aqueous emulsion copolymerization of carboxylate-containing macromonomer and ethylenically unsaturated monomer without using other emulsifier forms a film with excellent water resistance because it contains no free emulsifier. it can.

As the emulsifier which can be used in the aqueous emulsion copolymerization in the present invention, anionic surfactants such as sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, sodium polyoxyethylene alkylsulfate, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate and formalin condensate of naphthalenesulfonic acid are used. ,
Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester and sorbitan fatty acid ester may be mentioned.

As the polymerization initiator, both water-soluble polymerization initiators and oil-soluble polymerization initiators can be used, and specific examples thereof include organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and tert-butyl peroxide, and azobisisoside. Azo compounds such as butyronitrile, azobisisobutyramide, azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), inorganic peroxides such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, persulfates and sulfites thereof, etc. And a redox-based initiator composed of the reducing agent. The amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the macromonomer and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer,
More preferably, it is 0.1 to 3 parts by weight.

The aqueous resin dispersion obtained by the present invention is suitable for applications such as paints, coating agents, adhesives or pressure-sensitive adhesives, and the main monomer units constituting the aqueous resin dispersion are used for such applications. It is selected accordingly. When the aqueous resin dispersion is used as a coating resin, various (meth) methacrylic acid esters and styrene are suitable as the main monomer units of the carboxylate-containing macromonomer, and the ethylenic group to be copolymerized with the macromonomer is suitable. Also suitable as unsaturated monomers are (meth) methacrylic acid esters and styrene. The main monomer unit in the aqueous resin dispersion for pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably an alkyl (meth) methacrylate having an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms.

The present invention will be described more specifically below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. In addition, "part" in each example is a "weight part." Reference Example 1 (Synthesis of Macromonomer A) Methyl Methacrylate 85
And 15 parts of tert-butyl methacrylate were added dropwise into butyl acetate at a polymerization temperature of 90 ° C. under a nitrogen stream,
Radical polymerization was carried out using azobisisobutyronitrile (hereinafter abbreviated as AIBN) and 1.2 parts of 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Tetrabutylphosphonium bromide 1 was added to the obtained terminal carboxyl group-type polymer solution.
Parts, hydroquinone monomethyl ether 0.1 part and glycidyl methacrylate 1.7 parts were added and reacted at 90 ° C. for 6 hours to introduce an ethylenic double bond at the terminal.

Then, 1 part of p-toluenesulfonic acid was added to this solution and heated at 90 ° C. for 3 hours to decompose the tert-butyl ester and convert it to a carboxyl group. This macromonomer [polymer skeleton composition; methyl methacrylate /
The polystyrene reduced number average molecular weight of methacrylic acid = 90/10 (weight ratio)] was 8300. Aqueous ammonia was added to the obtained macromonomer solution to neutralize it, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a 25% solids aqueous solution of macromonomer A having a carboxylate ammonium salt.

[0019]

Example 1 40 parts of an aqueous solution of macromonomer A (10 parts as a solid content), 47 parts of butyl methacrylate, 23 parts of styrene and 20 parts of butyl acrylate were mixed with Levenol WZ (polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate) manufactured by Kao Corporation. Sodium, solid content 26%) 0.4
, 1.5 parts of Emulgen 906 (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, HLB = 10.8) and 1.5 parts of Emulgen 935 (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, HLB = 17.5), and mixed by stirring. To prepare an emulsion. A flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a thermometer, and a nitrogen inlet tube was charged with 70 parts of distilled water, 0.4 parts of potassium persulfate, and 0.7 parts of ammonium carbonate, and the temperature was maintained at 80 ° C. after purging with nitrogen. It dripped over 2 hours. Then, the temperature was maintained at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an aqueous resin dispersion.

[0020]

Example 2 By the same method as in Reference Example 1, the composition of the polymer portion was butyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid = 90 /
A terminal methacryloyl group macromonomer (polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight: 8200) having a ratio of 10 (weight ratio) is neutralized with aqueous ammonia to obtain a macromonomer B having an ammonium carboxylate, and the solid content of the macromonomer B is 25%. An aqueous resin dispersion was produced by the following method using the aqueous solution of. In a flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube, macromonomer B
160 parts of an aqueous solution of Emulgen 906, 1.5 parts of Emulgen 906, 1.5 parts of Emulgen 935, and 0.5 parts of azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile) were added, and the temperature was maintained at 80 ° C. after nitrogen replacement. A monomer mixture liquid consisting of 30 parts of methyl methacrylate, 16 parts of styrene and 14 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was dropped into the flask from the dropping funnel over 2 hours. Then, the temperature was maintained at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an aqueous resin dispersion.

[0021]

Example 3 A terminal methacryloyl group macromonomer (number average molecular weight: 5800) having a polymer portion composition of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate / acrylic acid = 80/20 (weight ratio) was prepared in the same manner as in Reference Example 1. Neutralization with triethylamine gives a macromonomer C having a carboxylate amine salt, and the solid content of the macromonomer C is 2
An aqueous resin dispersion was prepared by the following method using a 0% aqueous solution. In a flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a thermometer, and a nitrogen inlet tube, 75 parts of an aqueous solution of macromonomer C, 40 parts of water, 1.5 parts of Emulgen 906, 1.5 parts of Emulgen 935 and 0.5 parts of ammonium persulfate. Then, 0.7 part of ammonium carbonate was added thereto, and the temperature was maintained at 80 ° C. after purging with nitrogen. A monomer mixture liquid consisting of 40 parts of butyl acrylate, 5 parts of styrene and 40 parts of butyl acrylate was dropped into the flask from the dropping funnel over 2 hours.
Then, the temperature was maintained at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an aqueous resin dispersion.

[0022]

Example 4 The composition of the polymer portion was butyl acrylate /
A terminal methacryloyl group macromonomer (number average molecular weight: 5000) having acrylic acid = 73/27 (weight ratio) is neutralized with triethylamine to obtain a macromonomer D having a carboxylate amine salt.
Using an aqueous solution having a solid content of 30%, the aqueous resin dispersion was manufactured by the following method. Using 80 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 8 parts of ethyl acrylate and 40 parts of an aqueous solution of macromonomer D, an aqueous resin dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3.

The following physical properties of the aqueous resin dispersions obtained in the above examples were measured. a. Storage stability of aqueous resin dispersion;
Visual evaluation of the appearance after storage for 1 week at 5 ° C. b. Coating film performance test; applying aqueous resin dispersion to mild steel plate,
After drying at 25 ° C for 1 week, the following physical properties were measured. Gloss: 60 ° specular reflectance was measured using a gloss meter. Adhesion: According to a goggles eye test. Water resistance: It was immersed in tap water at 25 ° C. for 2 days and the state of the coated surface was visually inspected.

C. Adhesive performance test: An aqueous resin dispersion was applied onto release paper so that the thickness after drying was 15 to 20 μm, and dried at 100 ° C. for 2 minutes, and then coated paper was placed on the release paper to release the adhesive layer. A pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet for testing was manufactured by transferring the pattern paper to the coated paper. The sheet is 23 ℃, 65%
After conditioning for 1 day with RH, the following physical properties were measured. In addition, after storing at 50 ° C and 95% RH for 10 days, 2
The same physical properties were measured for the one that was conditioned for 1 day at 3 ° C. and 65% RH. Tack: Ball rolling method specified in JIS Z-0237 (evaluated by ball number). Adhesive strength: 180 ° C peeling strength (adherend: stainless steel plate, unit: g / 25 mm) specified in JIS Z-0237. Holding power: the method specified in JIS Z-0237. A load area of 20 mm × 20 mm and a load of 1 kg was applied at 40 ° C., and a holding time or a deviation width after a predetermined time was measured.

[0025]

[Table 1]

[0026]

Comparative Example 1 Aqueous solution 75 of macromonomer C of Example 3
In place of parts, a commercially available reactive emulsifier Eleminol JS-2
[Manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd .; anionic surfactant in which ethylenic unsaturated bond is introduced into alkyl succinate having sodium sulfonate unit] 15 parts and distilled water 60 parts, aqueous resin dispersion Got The resulting aqueous resin dispersion had a particle size of 0.15 μm and had good storage stability. The adhesive performance is as follows. (Storage at room temperature) (Storage at high temperature and high humidity) Tack ─── 11, Tack ─── 3 Adhesion ─── 1330g / 25mm, Adhesion ───160g / 25mm Holding force ── Drop in 94 minutes, Holding force ─── Fall in 2 minutes

[0027]

Comparative Example 2 15 parts of macromonomer (solid content) before neutralization in Example 3, 5 parts of styrene, 4 parts of butyl acrylate
0 part and 40 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate were dissolved in 50 parts of ethyl acetate, 1 part of AIBN was added and reacted at 60 ° C. for 5 hours and then at 70 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain an ethyl acetate solution of the graft copolymer. It was The tack performance of the obtained graft copolymer is as follows. (Normal temperature storage) (High temperature and high humidity storage) Tack ─── 13, Tack ─── 13 Adhesion ──1050g / 25mm, Adhesion ──950g / 25mm Holding power ── Dropping in 65 minutes, Holding power ─── Fall in 56 minutes

[0028]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, an aqueous resin dispersion which forms a film having excellent water resistance is obtained, and the film surface is derived from the macromonomer used for the production of the aqueous resin dispersion. Various properties such as gloss, hardness, and water repellency are effectively exhibited. For example, from the aqueous resin dispersion obtained when the main component constituting the macromonomer is methyl methacrylate, a coating film having excellent gloss and surface hardness can be obtained, and the main component constituting the macromonomer is a fluorine-based monomer. A film having excellent water / oil repellency and stain resistance is formed from the aqueous resin dispersion obtained in some cases. Further, when the main component constituting the macromonomer is butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, an aqueous resin dispersion made of a resin having excellent impact resistance or tack can be obtained. The main uses of the aqueous resin dispersion obtained by the present invention include paints, coating agents,
Adhesives, adhesives, electronic materials and the like can be mentioned.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing an aqueous resin dispersion, which comprises emulsion-copolymerizing a radically polymerizable macromonomer having an amine salt or ammonium salt unit of a carboxyl group and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in an aqueous medium. 2. A radical-polymerizable macromonomer having an amine salt or ammonium salt unit of a carboxyl group at a ratio of 0.2 to 5.0 mmol / g is used, and the copolymerization ratio of the macromonomer and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is used. But 3-5
The method for producing an aqueous resin dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the content is 0% by weight to 97 to 50% by weight.