JPH09324726A - Fuel injection internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve a fuel consumption by increasing a combustion efficiency and also reducing a blow by. SOLUTION: In a fuel injection type internal combustion engine, a combustion room 29 is formed by a cylinder head 23, a cylinder body 22 and a piston 26 and a scavenging port and exhaust port 44 are formed on a cylinder side wall and also a fuel is injected from an injector 61 into the combustion room 29. The injection direction for injection the fuel from the injector 61 is a direction for pointing to a position top 26c and avoiding the exhaust port 44.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel injection type internal combustion engine for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a fuel injection type internal combustion engine, for example, a combustion chamber is formed by a cylinder head, a cylinder body and a piston, a scavenging port and an exhaust port are formed on a side wall of the cylinder, and fuel is injected from an injector into the combustion chamber. There is.

For example, in a two-stroke ignition type engine disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-508670, an injector is arranged at a position facing an exhaust port, an injection flow is directed toward the exhaust port, and an injection timing is set. There is also a disclosure that starts when the exhaust port is partially opened and ends when the exhaust port is completely closed, or at low speed, that the exhaust port is almost closed and injection is started.

[0004]

However, depending on the direction of fuel injection from the injector, the injection flow cannot be diffused widely in the combustion chamber, resulting in incomplete combustion or increased blow-through from the exhaust port. Therefore, there is a problem that fuel efficiency is reduced.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide a fuel injection type internal combustion engine which improves combustion efficiency and reduces blow-through to improve fuel efficiency.

[0006]

In order to solve the above problems and to achieve the object, the invention according to claim 1 forms a combustion chamber by a cylinder head, a cylinder body and a piston, and a scavenging port on a side wall of the cylinder. In the fuel injection type internal combustion engine that forms the exhaust port and injects the fuel from the injector into the combustion chamber, the injection direction in which the fuel is injected from the injector is the direction that faces the top of the piston and avoids the exhaust port. It is characterized by that. The injection flow of the fuel injection from the injector is widely diffused into the combustion chamber and completely combusted, and the blow-through from the exhaust port is reduced to improve the fuel efficiency.

The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the direction facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port is the direction facing the side wall of the cylinder. The injection flow of the fuel injection from the injector hits the side wall of the cylinder and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber for complete combustion, and the blow-through from the exhaust port is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the direction facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port is the direction toward the scavenging port or the scavenging air flow. The injection flow of the fuel injection from the injector rides on the scavenging air flow and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber for complete combustion, and the blow-through from the exhaust port is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the direction facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port is the direction toward the rib dividing the exhaust port formed between the exhaust ports. I am trying. The injection flow of the fuel injection from the injector hits the rib dividing the exhaust port, spreads widely in the combustion chamber and completely burns, and the blow-through from the exhaust port is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that there are a plurality of directions facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port. There are a plurality of injection flows of the fuel injection from the injector, and the fuel is widely diffused into the combustion chamber and completely burned, and the blow-through from the exhaust port is reduced to improve the fuel efficiency.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there are a plurality of injection directions for injecting fuel from the injector, one injection direction is directed to the upper side of the combustion chamber, and the other injection direction is directed to the piston top part and the exhaust gas. It is characterized by facing in a direction avoiding the port. In addition to claims 1 to 5,
If the injection direction is upward of the combustion chamber and the discharge part of the spark plug is directed so that the fuel injection start timing is delayed at low speeds, the rich air-fuel mixture formed around the piston and at the piston top will diffuse. I will ignite before. The middle portion is a lean air-fuel mixture, which enables combustion with slow progress of the flame surface, which is close to stratified combustion. In addition, it is possible to form a rich mixture above and below the combustion chamber by simply pointing it up instead of around the piston, ensuring premixing through diffusion of the rich mixture due to residual swirl after scavenging at medium and high speeds. can do.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A fuel injection type internal combustion engine of the present invention will be described below. 1 to 6 show an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on an outboard motor, and FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration mainly for one cylinder of an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on an outboard motor. FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a flow chart of fuel and air for cylinder side wall injection, and FIG. 3 is one of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an upper portion of one cylinder, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel injection internal combustion engine, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an exhaust system, and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the fuel injection internal combustion engine.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a ship which is a vehicle, and an arrow Fr indicates the front of the ship 1 in the traveling direction. In addition, the left and right described below means the direction toward the front. The ship 1 has a hull 2, and an outboard motor 3 is detachably attached to the stern of the hull 2. The outboard motor 3 is composed of a bracket 4 attached to the stern and an outboard motor body 6 pivotally supported by a pivot shaft 5 (arranged horizontally at right angles to the Fr direction) with respect to the bracket 4. There is. The outboard motor body 6 includes a power transmission device 8, and the power transmission device 8 includes a transmission case 9 that forms an outer shell of the power transmission device 8 and a transmission mechanism that is housed in the transmission case 9.
With respect to a swivel bracket 6a that constitutes an outboard motor body 6 that is pivotally supported by a pivot shaft 5 with respect to the bracket 4, a transmission that is swingable in the left-right direction by a pivot shaft (not shown) that is arranged in a substantially vertical direction. Case 9 is pivotally supported. Further, the outboard motor main body 6 has a two-cycle engine 10 which is a fuel injection type internal combustion engine. The engine 10 is detachably attached to the upper end of the transmission case 9, and the lower portion is covered with a cover 11a.
The upper part is covered with a cover 11b so as to be openable and closable. The transmission case 9 extends downward into the water, and a shaft (not shown) extending rearward is supported at the lower end of the transmission case 9, and a propeller 14 is attached to the shaft. The propeller 14 is connected to the output portion of the engine 10 via the transmission mechanism of the power transmission device 8 so as to interlock with each other. In addition, 13 is an exhaust passage for guiding the exhaust to the propeller.

The engine 10 is provided with a plurality of (three) cylinders including a first cylinder 16, a second cylinder 17 and a third cylinder 18,
These are stacked one above the other. Engine 10
A common crankcase 19 and a cylinder body 22 are provided for each of the cylinders 16 to 18, and a vertically oriented crankshaft 20 having a substantially vertical axis is accommodated in a joint portion between the crankcase 19 and the cylinder body 22. The shaft 20 is supported by the crankcase 19 and the cylinder body 22 so as to be rotatable around their axes. Crankcase 1
The cylinder body 22 of each of the cylinders 16 to 18 is integrally attached to the rear portion of the cylinder 9. Further, the cylinder head 23 is attached to the protruding end of each of the cylinder bodies 22.
Is detachably attached. Cylinder body 22
They are integrated with each other to form a cylinder block 24, and the cylinder heads 23 are also integrated with each other.

Each cylinder body 22 has a cylinder hole 25 in which the axial center extends parallel to each other in the front-rear direction, and a piston 26 is slidably fitted in the cylinder hole 25 in the front-rear direction. Each of these pistons 26
Each of them is connected to the crankshaft 20 by a connecting rod 27. The space surrounded by the cylinder head 23 and the piston 26 in the cylinder hole 25 corresponds to the “in-cylinder”, and the “in-cylinder” in which the piston 26 is close to the cylinder head 23 to some extent serves as the combustion chamber 29. Cylinder head 2
3 includes one spark plug 3 corresponding to each combustion chamber 29.
0 is attached, and the discharge unit 3 of each of these spark plugs 30 is attached.
1 faces the combustion chamber 29. The cylinder block 24 and the crankcase 19 are provided for each cylinder in the crank chamber 19a.
Is formed.

Three intake ports 33 are formed on the front surface of the crankcase 19 so as to communicate with the respective crank chambers 19a, and the reed valves 34 are connected to the intake ports 33, respectively.
Is attached. Further, on the front surface of these reed valves 34, an intake manifold 35, a throttle body 36 accommodating a throttle valve 36a, and an intake silencer 3 are provided.
7 are arranged in sequence. Further, an inlet pipe 38 opening rearward is attached to the upper end of the intake silencer 37, and the outside air is sucked from the cowling opening 510. Inlet pipe 38, intake silencer 37, throttle body 3
6, the intake manifold 35 and the reed valve 34 are communicated with each other by the intake passages 39 provided inside thereof, and the intake passages 39 are communicated with the intake port 33. Each throttle body 36
The throttle levers 36b provided in the above are connected to each other by the interlocking means 40, and when the operator operates the operation part, the throttle levers 36b and the throttle valve 36a are synchronized with each other through the interlocking means 40 to perform the same opening / closing operation. It is like this.

In the cylinder body 22 around each cylinder hole 25, a scavenging passage 41 is formed for each cylinder hole 25. The scavenging passage 41 has the cylinder hole 2
The two main scavenging passages 41a having the scavenging port 41a1 opening to 5 and one auxiliary scavenging passage 41b having the scavenging port 41b1 are formed, and the scavenging ports 41a1 of the main scavenging passage 41a are formed at opposite positions, Sub-scavenging passage 4
The scavenging port 41b1 of 1b is formed at a position facing the exhaust port 44. Each of these scavenging passages 41 communicates the inside of the crankcase 19 with the combustion chamber 29.

An exhaust manifold 42 is attached to the left side of the cylinder block 24.
One end side of the first exhaust passage 43 in 2 is branched into a plurality (three), and the exhaust port 44 formed in each cylinder body 22.
It opens to each combustion chamber 29 through. On the other hand, the exhaust guide 46 is provided between the cylinder block 24 and the transmission case 9.
And a second exhaust passage 47 in the exhaust guide 46.
And the other end side of the first exhaust passage 43 are communicated with each other. A third exhaust passage 48 is formed in the transmission case 9, one end of the third exhaust passage 48 communicates with the second exhaust passage 47, and the other end is a cylindrical exhaust passage 13, which is an exhaust passage in the propeller 14. And an end portion of this exhaust passage is opened in the water as a discharge port 506.

The engine 10 has a water-cooling type cooling device 50.
Is provided. The cooling device 50 includes a first cooling water jacket 51 formed in the cylinder head 23 and the cylinder block 24, a second cooling water jacket 52 formed in the exhaust manifold 42, and an exhaust gas so as to surround the second exhaust passage 47. The transmission case 9 surrounds the third cooling water jacket 53 formed in the guide 46 and the third exhaust passage 48.
And a fourth cooling water jacket 54 formed in the above. The cooling water jackets 51 to 54 are in communication with each other directly or through a plurality of cooling water communication passages 55.
The lower end of the fourth cooling water jacket 54 communicates with the downstream side of the third exhaust passage 48.

A water pump for supplying cooling water 56 such as seawater is provided to the first cooling water jacket 51, and the cooling water 5
Reference numeral 6 denotes an exhaust manifold outer peripheral portion 51a in the first cooling water jacket 51, a second cooling water jacket 52, a cylinder upper outer peripheral portion 51b in the first cooling water jacket 51, the cylinder head portion 51c, and 53, 54. Each cooling water jacket is sequentially passed through, and the water is drained into the water through the downstream end of the third exhaust passage 48.
-The 3rd cylinder 16-18 is cooled.

The engine 10 is provided with a fuel supply device 60 for supplying fuel 59. The fuel supply device 60 has a plurality of (three) injectors 61 corresponding to the respective first to third cylinders 16 to 18, and these injectors 61 are detachably attached to the cylinder side wall 22a of the cylinder body 22. Has been. These injectors 6
1 is from the cylinder side wall 22a into the combustion chamber 29,
Fuel 59 is injected appropriately. 2 hulls for each injector 61
Which is operated by the pressure fluctuation in the crank chamber 19a that sucks the fuel 59 stored in the fuel tank 63 arranged in the space and supplies it to the vapor separator 67 which is the fuel pool (small tank) in the outboard motor 3 The fuel pump 64 and the second fuel 59 of the vapor separator 67 are pressurized and supplied.
A fuel pump 65 is provided in series.

A primary pump 600 is disposed between the fuel tank 63 and the first fuel pump 64, and the primary pump 600 and the first fuel pump 64 are connected to the hose side connector 6
01 and the cowling side connector 602.
The primary pump 600 is for manually feeding fuel before starting.

A fuel filter 66 and a vapor separator 67 are provided in series between the first fuel pump 64 and the second fuel pump 65. Vapor separator 6
7 is provided with a needle valve 603 and a float 604, and when the fuel 59 in the vapor separator 67 is low and the float 604 is below a predetermined level, the needle valve 6
03 is opened, and the fuel 59 is supplied from the fuel tank 63 side. The fuel 59 is supplied to each injector 61 via the fuel delivery pipe 605 by the second fuel pump 65. The fuel delivery pipe 605 has a fuel 59 supplied to the injector 61.
A pressure regulator 69 that adjusts the pressure of the second fuel pump 65 to a predetermined pressure is provided.
It is returned to the upstream vapor separator 67. The vapor separator 67 separates fine bubble-like fuel vapor or mixed air in the fuel.

Each injector 61 is an electromagnetic type, and if it is electrically turned on (or off), the fuel 59 is injected into the combustion chamber 29 only during that period.
Of this fuel supply device 60, only the hose side connector 601 from the fuel tank 63 is arranged inside the hull 2, and the other components constitute the outboard motor 3.

In FIG. 1, an engine control device 73 for controlling the engine 10 is provided. The engine control device 73 includes an electronic control device body 74, and each spark plug 30, which functions as an actuator, the injector 61, and the second fuel pump 65 are electrically connected to the control device body 74. A flywheel magnet 75 is attached to the upper end of the crankshaft 20. The flywheel magneto 75 supplies power to the control device body 74 directly or via a battery.

Various sensors for detecting the driving state of the engine 10 are provided, and these are all electrically connected to the control device main body 74. That is, as a sensor, a crank angle sensor 76 for detecting a reference crank angle and a rotation angle of the crank shaft 20, a crank case internal pressure sensor 77 for detecting a pressure in the crank case 19, and a pressure of any one of the cylinders 16-18. In-cylinder pressure sensor 78, a knock sensor 79 that detects the state of the cylinders 16 to 18, an intake temperature sensor 80 that detects the temperature in the intake passage 39, and a throttle opening sensor 81 that detects the opening of the throttle body 36. Is provided. An intake pressure sensor that detects the pressure in the intake passage 39 may be provided.

A cylinder temperature sensor 82 for detecting the temperature of one cylinder body 22, a back pressure sensor 83 for detecting the upstream pressure in the third exhaust passage 48, an atmospheric pressure sensor 84 for detecting the atmospheric pressure, and a cooling. Cooling water temperature sensor 85 for detecting the temperature of water 56, forward movement of power transmission device 8, neutral,
A shift sensor 86 for detecting a shift operation or a gear shift state during reverse movement, and a trim angle sensor 87 for detecting a vertical rotation position of the outboard motor 3 around the pivot 5 are provided.

Further, each cylinder 16-18, O ₂ sensor 90 is provided, the O ₂ sensor 90 is a sensor Osamu Room 9
1, the piston 26 descends and the cylinder side wall 22
When passing through the relief valve hole 92 of a, the relief valve 93 is opened by the combustion gas pressure, and the combustion gas enters the sensor collection room 91. The O ₂ sensor 90 detects the O ₂ concentration in the exhaust gas and calculates the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber 29 based on this. The exhaust gas in the sensor housing chamber 91 passes through the check valve 94 and exits into the first exhaust passage 43. The engine 10 also includes a starter 9
5 and an oil tank 96 are provided.

When the engine 26 is driven, in each of the first to third cylinders 16 to 18, when the piston 26 moves sequentially from the bottom dead center position on the crankshaft 20 side to the combustion chamber 29 side, the piston 26 causes the scavenging passage 41. Scavenging ports 41a1, 41b1 and the exhaust port 4 of the first exhaust passage 43
4 and 6 are sequentially closed. Also, like this, the piston 2
When 6 moves to the combustion chamber 29 side, the crank chamber 19a in the crankcase 19 becomes negative pressure. Then, the reed valve 3
4, intake passage 39 in intake port 33, intake manifold 35, throttle body 36, and intake silencer 37
Gradually becomes negative pressure, and the outside air 97 as air is sucked into the intake passage 39 from the intake port 33, and the crankcase 19
It is sucked into the internal crank chamber 19a. This is the "suction stroke".

On the other hand, the scavenging port 41a of the scavenging passage 41
If the piston 26 further moves to the combustion chamber 29 side after the 1, 41b1 and the exhaust port 44 of the first exhaust passage 43 are closed, the air-fuel mixture that has already been sucked into the combustion chamber 29 is compressed. . This is the "compression stroke". In this two-cycle engine, the "suction stroke" is simultaneously performed during the "compression stroke".

Immediately before the piston 26 reaches the top dead center, the discharge of the discharge portion 31 of the spark plug 30 controlled by the engine control device 73 ignites and burns the air-fuel mixture to expand the gas. After the piston 26 exceeds the top dead center, it is pushed back to the crankshaft 20 side. This is the “explosion process”.

The movement of the piston 26 toward the crankshaft 20 precompresses the air sucked into the crank chamber 19a in the crankcase 19. The reed valve 34 is closed by the pressure at this time. Piston 26
The exhaust port 44 is first opened while the vehicle moves toward the crankshaft 20. Then, the exhaust 100, which is the burned gas of the air-fuel mixture, is discharged through the exhaust port 44 through the exhaust port 44. This is the "exhaust stroke".

Then, the exhaust 100 has a first exhaust passage 43,
It is discharged into the water through the second exhaust passage 47, the third exhaust passage 48, and the exhaust passage 13 sequentially. In this case, the cooling water 56 after cooling the cylinders 16 to 18 passes through the fourth cooling water jacket 54 and the cooling water communication passage 55, and is discharged into the water together with the exhaust 100.

When the piston 26 moves toward the crankshaft 20 and the exhaust port 44 is opened, the scavenging passage 41 is subsequently opened. Then, as described above, the intake air that has been pre-compressed in the crankcase 19 is caused to flow into the combustion chamber 29 through the scavenging passage 41, and this intake air partially removes the burned gas remaining in the combustion chamber 29. The combustion chamber 29 is filled with air while being pushed out into the first exhaust passage 43. This is the “scavenging stroke”. Since the scavenging stroke starts in the middle of the exhaust stroke, and the exhaust stroke ends in the middle of the scavenging stroke, this 2
The two strokes are collectively referred to as the sweep stroke. Then, after this, the piston 26 returns to the bottom dead center position. Then, the fuel is injected from the injector 61 during the period from the middle of the scavenging stroke to the beginning of the compression stroke.

In this case, the combustion chamber 2 passes through the scavenging passage 41.
Some of the air that has flowed into 9 is blown to the side of the first exhaust passage 43, which is mixed with the burnt gas and is exhausted as the exhaust 100. On the other hand, the burnt gas remaining without being discharged is mixed with the fresh air, and in this state, the piston 26 again moves to the combustion chamber 29.
After that, the crankshaft 20 is rotated by repeating the above steps. It should be noted that the fuel injection is performed at a timing when fuel does not enter the exhaust port 44 as described below. Then, the engine 10 outputs power through the crankshaft 20, and this power causes the propeller 14 to rotate via the power transmission device 8 to allow the ship 1 as a driven body to travel. First cylinder 16 and second cylinder 17
And the third cylinder 18 has a crank angle of 12 in this order.
Drive with a phase difference of 0 °.

In FIG. 3, the piston 26 is a sleeve 5
20 is slidably provided on the piston 26, and the piston 26 has a first
Ring groove 26a and second ring groove 26b are formed vertically, and the first piston ring 521 is engaged with the first ring groove 26a and the second piston ring 522 is engaged with the second ring groove 26b. There is. An injector 61 is provided on the cylinder side wall 22a and is sealed by a seal body 524. A tip portion 61a of the injector 61 is formed on the sleeve 520 and arranged so as to face the opening 520a, and the mounting position of the injector 61 is set as follows.

An injector 61 is arranged in a half region of the cylinder side wall 22a facing the exhaust port 44 in the cylinder circumferential direction and closer to the cylinder head 23 than the exhaust port 44 in the cylinder longitudinal direction.

A notch 23a is formed in the cylinder header 23, and a part of the notch 22 is formed on the upper circumference of the cylinder body 22.
c, a straight single hole 22d is formed, and the injector 6
1 is attached obliquely downward with respect to the bore direction at an angle θ. The tip processing of the injector 61 becomes unnecessary, and the cost can be reduced. The injection direction X in which fuel is injected from the injector 61 is a direction facing the piston top portion 26c and avoiding the exhaust port 44. Therefore, the injection flow of the fuel injection from the injector 61 is widely diffused in the combustion chamber 29 and completely burned, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve the fuel efficiency.

The position of the tip 61a of the injector 61 is set to a position h below the cylinder upper end 22b where the in-cylinder pressure is lower than the check pressure of the injector 61, and the injection hole of the injector 61 is clogged with the injector 61. Prevents burn-in due to fuel leakage due to opening of the valve.

The distance from the cylinder upper end 22b to the mounting position of the tip 61a of the injector 61 is A,
When the distance from the cylinder upper end 22b to the piston top outer periphery when the piston 26 is located at the bottom dead center is L,
When a ring groove for fitting at least one piston ring is provided on the outer circumference of the piston, and the distance from the cylinder upper end 22b to the lower end position of the ring groove when the piston 26 is at the top dead center is RS, in this embodiment, When the distance from the cylinder upper end 22b when the piston 26 is at the top dead center to the lower end position of the first ring groove 26a into which the first piston ring 521 is fitted is RS, RS <A <0.3L There is.

When the distance from the cylinder upper end 22b to the exhaust port 44 is ES, 0.35ES <A <0.65ES.

In this way, the injector 6 is placed at the predetermined position.
By attaching 1, while reducing the heat load on the injector by the piston 26 at the beginning of the explosion stroke,
In addition, it is possible to secure a longer jettable range than the conventional one.

The jet flow X from the injector 61 collides with the piston top portion 26c and then is reflected and scattered, so that the piston top portion 26c
Is cooled, and heat is exchanged at the piston top portion 26c to promote vaporization.

The injection speed at which the fuel is injected from the injector 61 into the combustion chamber 29 is set to 10 m / s to 30 m / s. That is, the flow velocity of the jet flow X is 10 m / s to 30 m /
s. The so-called penetration force of the injection flow X is set low within the range required for fuel diffusion, and the fuel pressure is set low. Further, when the fuel is injected from the injector 61 into the combustion chamber 29, the pressure at the upstream portion of the injection hole is 300 KPa (kilopascals) to 1000 KPa.
(Kilopascal).

In this way, the injection speed at which the fuel is injected from the injector 61 into the combustion chamber 29 is 10 m / s to 30 m / s.
By setting m / s, after the fuel injection, the piston top portion 26c
It is possible to secure a sufficient time to reach the point (1) and promote the vaporization of the injected fuel. Further, even if the fuel is injected early, the fuel is prevented from entering the exhaust port 44.

Further, the injection flow X directed to the piston top 26c is not so slow as to be disturbed by the tumble flow generated in the cylinder due to the scavenging flow, so the piston top 26c
It is possible to perform heat exchange at, and to further promote the vaporization of the injected fuel.

The pressure at the upstream portion of the injection hole at the time of fuel injection for injecting fuel from the injector 61 into the combustion chamber 29 is 300 KPa to 1000 KPa, and the injection speed is 10 m / s to 30 m / s depending on this pressure. It is possible to

The injector 61 is a sub-scavenging port 41b1.
It is arranged closer to the cylinder head 23, and the downward jet flow X before reflection is directed toward the exhaust port 44 and the piston top portion 26c. After the exhaust port 44 is closed by the piston 26, the piston top portion 26c is surely hit. , Heat is exchanged at the piston top portion 26c.

The injection start timing is set so that the exhaust port 44 is closed before the tip of the downward injection flow X reaches the exhaust port 44. The tip surface of the downward jet X is indicated by X1. In the case where the piston 26 hits the piston top 26c before the piston 26 closes the exhaust port 44, all of the downward injection flow X closes the exhaust port 44 before the tip of the jet flow after rebound reaches the exhaust port 44. The injection start timing is set to.

Thus, the injector 61 is arranged as follows.
The injection position is closer to the cylinder head 23 than in the prior art, and the injection flies a longer distance. During this time, the fuel exchanges heat with the thermal atmosphere in the combustion chamber 29 and the piston top 2
Heat can be exchanged even before it collides with 6c or the like.

Further, in FIG. 4, the fuel distribution pipe 530 to the injector 61 is parallel to the plane connecting the central axes of the plurality of cylinders, and the injector 61 is arranged at the same position in all the three cylinders 16-. There is.

Alternatively, the lower cylinder may have the injector 61 at a lower position (closer to the crank chamber). The thermal load on the injector 61 becomes larger as the third cylinder 18 increases, so that the piston 26 covers the combustion cylinder for a long time. On the other hand, in at least the uppermost cylinder 16, the injectors 61 are arranged at positions RS <A <0.3L and 0.35ES <A <0.65ES.

Further, since the direction in which the sub scavenging port 41b1 and the exhaust port 44 are connected is tilted and the injector 61 is also tilted, the cylinder pitch P can be narrowed while avoiding the interference of the main scavenging port 41a1 of the adjacent cylinder.

7 to 10 show an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on a motorcycle, FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on a motorcycle, and FIG. 8 is a fuel. FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the injection type internal combustion engine, FIG. 9 is a view of the fuel injection type internal combustion engine seen from the rear, and FIG.

Reference numeral 201 in the figure denotes a motorcycle which is an example of a vehicle and is a straddle type vehicle, and an arrow Fr indicates the front in the traveling direction. In addition, the left and right described below refer to the direction toward the front. Reference numeral 202 denotes a road surface on which the motorcycle 1 can travel. The motorcycle 201 has a vehicle body 203 which is a vehicle main body. In addition, the vehicle body 203 is a vehicle body frame 204 which is a stationary side of the vehicle body.
have. The body frame 204 has a head pipe 205 at a front end thereof, and a pair of left and right main frames 206 extends rearward and downward from the head pipe 205, and further extends rearward and downward from respective extended ends of the respective main frames 206. The sheet pillar tubes 207 extend toward the respective sides. On the other hand, the down tubes 208 extend rearward and downward from the front lower surfaces of the main frames 206, and the extending ends of the down tubes 208 and the sheet pillar tubes 207 are coupled to each other. .

Seat rails 210 extend rearward and upward from the rear portions of the main frames 206, and the seat rails 210 are supported by the seat pillar tubes 207 by a pair of left and right back stays 211. A portion where each back stay 211 and the seat pillar tube 207 are connected is a rear arm bracket 212.
A front fork 214 is rotatably supported on the head pipe 205. A front wheel 215 is supported at the lower end of the front fork 214, and a front fender 216 that covers the front wheel 215 from above is provided. The front fender 216 is fixed to a vertically intermediate portion of the front fork 214. On the other hand, a handle 217 is attached to the upper end of the front fork 214.

A rear arm 219 is pivotally supported on the rear arm bracket 212 by a pivot shaft 218 so as to be vertically swingable. A rear wheel 220 is supported on the swinging end of the rear arm 219, and a shock absorber 221 is provided between the seat rail 210 and the rear arm 219. Main frame 206,
Seat pillar tube 207 and down tube 20
An engine 223, which is a fuel injection type internal combustion engine, is provided in a space surrounded by 8, that is, in the frame of the vehicle body frame 204. The engine 223 is a two-cycle engine and includes a crankcase 224 and the crankcase 22.
4 has a cylinder 225 projecting forward and upward, and is detachably supported by the vehicle body frame 204 by a fastener. A power transmission device 226 is provided on the rear surface of the crankcase 224.
The rear wheels 220 are connected to the output side of the power transmission device 226 by a chain transmission mechanism 227.

The reed valve 22 is provided on the rear surface of the cylinder 225.
8. Intake manifold 229 and intake silencer 23
1 are connected in this order. Intake manifold 22
9 is provided with a throttle valve 271 for controlling the intake air amount. A throttle pulley 272 provided on a shaft portion 271 a of the throttle valve 271 is connected to a throttle grip 274 via a throttle wire 273, and the throttle valve 271 is opened and closed by operating the throttle grip 274. The throttle grip 274 is provided on the handle 217, and an accelerator position sensor 275 that detects the operation amount of the throttle grip 274 is provided.

One end of an exhaust pipe 233 is connected to the front surface of the cylinder 225, the other end of the exhaust pipe 233 extends rearward through the vicinity of the lower side of the down tube 208, and an exhaust muffler 234 is connected to the rear end thereof. Is exhausted from the discharge port 234a.

A fuel tank 235 is supported on the main frame 206. On the other hand, a seat 236 is supported by the seat rail 210. A side cover 237 is provided to cover the rear portion of the vehicle body 203 from each side. When the engine 223 is driven, its power is transmitted through the power transmission device 226 and the chain transmission mechanism 227 to the rear wheel 2.
When transmitted to the motorcycle 20, the motorcycle 201 can travel forward on the road surface 202.

The engine 223 has first to third cylinders 261.
~ 263, and the crankcase 22 of the engine 223
A crankshaft 241 is housed in a crank chamber 240 inside the crankshaft 240, and the crankshaft 241 is rotatably supported by a crankcase 224 about its axis. Engine 22
The third cylinder 225 has a cylinder body 243 having a cylinder hole 242 whose axial center is substantially vertical, and a cylinder head 244 attached to the projecting end of the cylinder body 243. Piston 2 in cylinder hole 242
45 is slidably fitted in the axial direction, and the piston 24
Reference numeral 5 is connected to the crankshaft 241 by a connecting rod 246.

When the piston 245 approaches the cylinder head 244 to some extent, the space surrounded by the cylinder head 244 and the piston 245 in the cylinder hole 242 becomes the combustion chamber 248. An ignition plug 249 is attached to the cylinder head 244, and a discharge portion of the ignition plug 249 faces the combustion chamber 248. An intake port 251 is formed in a rear upper portion of the crankcase 224, and a reed valve 228 communicates with the intake port 251. A crank chamber 24 is provided in a cylinder body 243 around the cylinder hole 242.
A scavenging passage 252 is formed to communicate the zero to the combustion chamber 248, and a portion of the scavenging passage 252 that opens toward the combustion chamber 248 is a scavenging port 252a. Also,
An exhaust port 254 that connects the combustion chamber 248 to the exhaust passage 253 in the upstream end that is the front end of the exhaust pipe 233 is formed in the front portion of the cylinder body 243.

The engine 223 has first to third cylinders 261 to
263 has a plurality of (three) injectors 264 corresponding to each one, and these injectors 264 are detachably attached to the cylinder side wall 243a of the cylinder body 243. These injectors 264 inject the fuel supplied from the fuel tank 235 toward the inside of the combustion chamber 248 from the cylinder side wall 243a. The structure, the mounting position, the injection direction, and the injection timing of the injector 264 are the same as those in the above-described embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

The fuel cock 2 is provided below the fuel tank 235.
90 is provided, and a fuel filter 29 is
1, the fuel supply pump 292, and the fuel delivery pipe 293 are sequentially connected, and fuel is supplied from the fuel delivery pipe 293 to each injector 264 via the fuel distribution pipe 296. The fuel delivery pipe 293 is provided with a pressure regulator 294 that adjusts the pressure of the fuel supplied to the injector 264 to a predetermined pressure, and excess fuel returns to the fuel tank 235 by the pressure regulator 294 and the return fuel passage 295. At the rear of the cylinder body 243, in the space Z between the upper part of the intake manifold 229 and the lower part of the fuel tank 235, the space Z is used to utilize the fuel distribution pipe 29.
6 and the injector 264 are arranged, and can be miniaturized,
Moreover, interference with other members is prevented, and the injector 264 and the fuel distribution pipe 296 can be protected.

The spark plug 249 is an electronic ignition circuit 25.
6 is electrically connected, and the ignition circuit 256 is connected to an electronic engine control device 257. A crank angle detection sensor 258 for detecting the crank angle of the crankshaft 241 is provided.
58 is also connected to the engine control device 257.

When the engine 223 is driven, the piston 24
5 moves from the bottom dead center position on the crankshaft 241 side (shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 8) to the combustion chamber 248 side, the piston 24
5, the scavenging port 252a and the exhaust port 254 are closed in this order. When the piston 245 moves toward the combustion chamber 248, the pressure in the crank chamber 240 becomes negative. Then, the outside air 259, which is air, is sucked through the intake silencer 231 and is taken as the intake air 260.

Next, the intake 260 is replaced by the intake manifold 22.
9 and the reed valve 228 are sucked into the crank chamber 240. This is the "suction stroke".

On the other hand, the scavenging port 252a and the exhaust port 2
If the piston 245 further moves to the combustion chamber 248 side after 54 and 54 are closed, the fuel already injected by the injector 264 into this combustion chamber 248 or the fuel injected during this stroke is vaporized and becomes air. The air-fuel mixture formed by mixing is compressed. This is the "compression stroke".

Immediately before the piston 245 reaches the top dead center,
At a desired crank angle detected by the crank angle detection sensor 258, that is, at a desired ignition timing, the discharge portion of the ignition plug 249 is discharged by an output signal from the ignition circuit 256 controlled by the engine control device 257. I do.
Then, the mixture is ignited and burned to expand the gas,
Thereby, after the piston 245 exceeds the above top dead center,
It is pushed back to the crank chamber 240 side. This is the “explosion process”.

The movement of the piston 245 toward the crank chamber 240 pre-compresses the air sucked into the crank chamber 240. The reed valve 228 is closed by the pressure in the crank chamber 240 at this time.

During the movement of the piston 245 to the crank chamber 240 side, the exhaust port 254 is opened first. Then, the burnt gas of the air-fuel mixture is discharged as exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 248 through the exhaust port 254 and the exhaust port 254. This is the "exhaust stroke". Then, the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside through the exhaust passage 253 in the exhaust pipe 233.

When the piston 245 moves to the crank chamber 240 side and the exhaust port 254 is opened, the scavenging port 252a is subsequently opened. Then, the crank chamber 24
The air that has been pre-compressed in 0 is introduced into the combustion chamber 248 through the scavenging passage 252, and this air is transferred to the combustion chamber 248.
A part of the burnt gas remaining in the exhaust gas is pushed out to the exhaust port 254, and the combustion chamber 248 is filled with air. This is the “scavenging stroke”. This "scavenging stroke" is for piston 2
After 45 returns to the bottom dead center position, it moves to the top dead center position again and continues until just before closing the scavenging port 252a. Fuel is injected from the injector 264 from the middle of the “scavenging stroke” to the beginning of the “compression stroke” and before the piston 245 closes the injector 264.

From the above state, the piston 245 again moves to the combustion chamber 248 side, and thereafter, each stroke is repeated and the crankshaft 241 is rotated. This crankshaft 24
1, the engine 223 outputs power, and this power is
The power is transmitted to the rear wheel 220 via the power transmission device 226, the chain transmission mechanism 227, and the like.

An exhaust timing adjusting device 279 is provided for adjusting the exhaust timing when exhaust gas is exhausted from the combustion chamber 248 to the exhaust port 254 to improve engine performance. The exhaust timing adjusting device 279 has an exhaust timing adjusting valve 390 provided on the upper side of the exhaust port 254. This exhaust timing adjustment valve 39
At 0, the upper opening of the exhaust port 254 is opened and closed, and the position of the upper opening edge of the exhaust port 254 is variable in the vertical direction. It is an actuator 265 such as a servomotor that operates the exhaust timing adjusting valve 390, and this actuator 265 is connected to the engine control device 257.

The engine speed sensor 2 for detecting the speed of the engine 223, that is, the speed of the crankshaft 241.
67 is provided, and the engine speed sensor 267 is connected to the engine control device 257.

When it is determined by the detection signal of the engine speed sensor 267 that the engine 223 is in the high speed range, the exhaust timing adjusting valve 39 is operated by the operation of the actuator 265 controlled by the engine control device 257.
0 is opened so that the upper opening edge of the exhaust port 254 is located above. Then, the exhaust timing becomes earlier, which improves the engine performance in the high speed range.

On the other hand, when it is determined that the engine 223 is in the middle or low speed range, the actuator 265 is closed, and the upper opening edge of the exhaust port 254 is positioned below. Then, the exhaust timing is delayed, which improves the engine performance in the middle and low speed ranges. At this low speed, the exhaust timing is delayed, but the injection start timing can be advanced by that amount, and in this case, premixed combustion can be performed more reliably. That is, if the injection start timing is delayed so that the fuel does not flow out from the exhaust port 254 as the piston speed becomes low at low speed, the spread of the jet flow is narrow when the injection flow collides with the top of the piston. However, since the upper opening end of the exhaust port 254 is moved downward, there is no fuel outflow even if the injection start timing is advanced, and the injection fuel can collide with a wide range of the piston top by advancing it. The heat exchange property with the piston 245 can be improved.

The engine 223 has an exhaust valve opening adjusting device 2
80 is provided with an exhaust valve 281 that adjusts the opening degree of the exhaust passage 253 and suppresses the flow rate of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 253 at low load or low speed. An actuator 282 such as a servomotor drives the exhaust valve 281, and the actuator 282 is connected to the control device 391.

Further, the engine 223 is provided with a combustion chamber pressure sensor 300 and a knock sensor 301, and when the combustion chamber pressure sensor 300 raises the combustion chamber pressure above a predetermined level, the ignition timing is delayed. In addition, knock sensor 3
When knocking occurs in 01, vibration is detected and ignition timing is delayed to prevent knocking. When knocking stops, control is performed to return to the original ignition timing.

Further, the engine 223 is provided with a crank chamber pressure sensor 302, an intake pipe pressure sensor 303, an intake pipe temperature sensor 304, an exhaust pipe pressure sensor 306, and an exhaust pipe temperature sensor 307, and based on information from these sensors. The engine control device 257 controls the ignition timing, the injection timing, the injection period, the oil supply device 308, and the like.

Next, the structure of the injector used in each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 will be described. FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the injector.

Each of the injectors 61 and 264 has an injector housing 350, a lid 351 is fitted to the rear end portion of the injector housing 350, and a core 353 having a coil 352 is arranged in the injector housing 350. ing. The lid 351 is covered with a resin cap 354, and the connector 35 of the cap 354 is covered.
4a is provided with a lead wire 355 connected to the core 353, and the lead wire 355 is connected to the drive power source side by the connector 354a. A pipe 356 is inserted into the lid 351 and the fuel supplied from the fuel inlet 351 a of the lid 351 is injected into the injector housing 35 via the pipe 356.
0 to the fuel chamber 357.

A needle housing 358 is fitted into the tip end portion of the injector housing 350 via a needle stopper 359, and is sealed by a seal body 360.
A nozzle 361 is fitted to the tip of the needle housing 358, an injection passage 361a is formed in the nozzle 361, and further injection holes 361a1 and 361a2 are formed on the left and right in communication with the injection passage 361a.

A needle 362 is movably arranged in the needle housing 358, and a movable body 363 is fixed to the needle 362. A fuel passage 362a is formed in the needle 362 by notching, and the needle stopper 3
A fuel passage 359a is formed in the notch 59 by a notch, and a fuel passage 363a is also formed in the movable body 363. A compression spring 364 is disposed between the lid 351 and the movable body 363. The compression spring 364 urges the needle 362 through the movable body 363 in a direction in which the valve seat 358a of the needle housing 358 is always closed. 36
1a is closed and the fuel cannot be injected. Core 3
When power is supplied to the coil 352 disposed at the position 53, the movable body 363 is attracted by the electromagnetic force of the coil 352 against the compression spring 364 and moves in the direction to open the valve seat, thereby opening the injection passage 361a and fuel injection. Is performed. At this time, the stopper flange 362b formed on the needle 362
Abuts on the needle stopper 359 to regulate the position.

The pressure of the injectors 61 and 264 is adjusted by the pressure adjusting valve so that the pressure adjusting pressure P0 is 600 to 650 KPa.
Since the pressure is adjusted to (kilopascal), when the needle 362 presses the valve seat 358a, the needle housing 358 is pressed.
The fuel pressure P1 of the fuel sump 358b in the inside is the same 600-
It becomes 650 KPa (kilopascal). Needle 362
The further away from the valve seat 358a, the injectors 61, 26
The flow velocity in 4 increases, and the pressure drop causes a fuel pool 3
The pressure at 58b drops. Since the pressure of the fuel reservoir 358b further drops when passing between the needle 362 and the valve seat 358a, the fuel pressure P2 of the injection passage 361a is about 1/2 of the pressure P1 of the fuel reservoir 358b. Become.

The fuel pressure P2 in the injection passage 361a is
It is the pressure of the upstream portion of the injection holes 361a1 and 361a2 at the time of fuel injection for injecting fuel from the injectors 61 and 264 into the combustion chamber 29, and the pressure P2 at the maximum opening position of the needle 362 is 300 KPa to 1000 KPa. The injection speed can be set to 10 m / s to 30 m / s by this pressure P2.

That is, the pressure difference between the pressure P2 of the injection passage 361a and the internal pressure of the combustion chamber 29, 248 is 300 KPa-100.
Fuel is injected into the combustion chambers 29, 248 at a flow rate based on 0 KPa. The flow velocity at this time is 10 m / s to 30 m / s,
Desirably, the pressure drop or pressure regulating valve of each part is set to be about 20 m / s.

As shown in FIG. 12, a portion of the injector 61, 264 into which the tip end portion is inserted is formed with a notch 22c and a straight single hole 22d on the circumference of the upper end of the cylinder body 22. , FIG. 12 (a1) to (a
In the cylinder inner wall port 22d1 shown in FIG. 3), the upper side is formed into a large slot, and in the cylinder inner wall port 22d1 shown in FIGS. 12 (b1) to (b3), the top and bottom are formed into the same slot, and FIG. 12 (c1). To (c3) cylinder inner wall port 2
In 2d1, the lower side is formed as a large hole. All of these cylinder inner wall openings 22d1 are chamfered to prevent sprays from hitting the cylinder when they are obliquely attached, and to prevent the fuel particles from expanding and increasing in diameter. Although the straight single hole 22d is formed in the cylinder body 22 and the injection holes of the injectors 61 and 264 are formed on the left and right in FIG. 12, one injection hole is formed and a multi-hole is formed in the cylinder body 22. Good.

Next, the fuel injection timing of the injector will be described. FIG. 13 is a fuel injection timing chart.

In this fuel injection timing chart, the horizontal axis represents the crank angle, and the opening / closing position of the exhaust port, the opening / closing position of the scavenging port and the mounting position of the injector are shown.
The vertical axis represents the engine speed, which indicates a low engine speed range, a medium engine speed range, and a high engine speed range.

The injector drive signal is shown by a solid line, and the upper stage shows a low load and the lower stage shows a high load. Also, the actual fuel injection of the injector is shown by a double line, and the upper stage is under low load,
The lower row shows high load. Furthermore, the chain double-dashed line shows from the time when the tip of the injected fuel reaches the exhaust port from the injector. There is an injector motion delay between the injector drive signal and the actual fuel injection of the injector.

The fuel injection timing of the injector is different in the engine speed range, the actual injection start limit is indicated by the curve S, the actual injection limit is indicated by the straight line E, and the actual injection start limit curve S and the actual injection limit straight line E The injectable range is set.

The length of the chain double-dashed line in the figure indicates the period from the moment the fuel is injected in each engine rotation range to the time when the fuel flies in the combustion chamber and reaches the exhaust port (crank angle period). ing. If the injection is started at a timing that rises up only for the flight period with reference to the exhaust port closure, blow-through can be prevented. The flight period at this time is indicated by a chain double-dashed line in the figure. The actual injection start limit S is obtained by connecting the injection start timings at which the blow-through can be prevented. When the piston reaches the injector mounting position, the piston covers the injector. This timing is the actual injection limit E, and the fuel cannot be supplied into the combustion chamber even if the injection is continued after a delay. The flight time becomes longer as the injection speed becomes slower, and becomes shorter as the piston position approaches the vertical exhaust port position. Even if the flight time is the same, in terms of the flight period at the crank angle, the lower the engine speed, the shorter the period becomes. The longer the flight time, the longer the time from the actual injection start limit to the actual injection limit, and the fuel amount that can be injected during this time can be increased accordingly. In this embodiment, the injection speed is set to 10 to 30 m / s, and sufficient fuel can be supplied even under high load.

In this embodiment, the actual injection is started at the actual injection start limit S in both the entire load range and the entire engine rotation range, and the actual injection is ended when the required fuel is completely injected. . By this amount, the fuel is injected prior to the ignition performed near the top dead center TDC, and a uniform air-fuel mixture can be formed. It should be noted that since the required fuel amount increases at the time of high load, the injection continues even after the exhaust port is closed. Further, at the time of low load low speed and / or at the time of starting, the actual injection start timing may be delayed and the actual injection may be ended by the actual injection limit E. As the actual injection start timing is delayed, a rich mixture that cannot be diffused and remains around the ignition plug at the time of ignition. Even in premixed combustion, where there is a premixed mixture in the combustion chamber at the time of ignition due to heat exchange with the top of the piston, combustion that is close to stratified combustion is possible and low-speed stability can be improved. Startability is improved. This is indicated by the double broken line in the figure.

Thus, at high speed, the injector starts injection after the piston descends and opens the exhaust port,
After the piston rises and closes the exhaust port, the injection is terminated when the piston moves by a predetermined crank angle rotation, and at the low speed, the piston rises from the bottom dead center and the exhaust port Is started before closing the piston, the piston further rises and after closing the exhaust port, the injection is finished when the piston moves by a predetermined crank angle rotation, and it is necessary at high speed and low speed with few injectors. Inject a large amount of fuel. The predetermined crank angle is either an intermediate crank angle from when the piston closes the exhaust port to before closing the injector, or the crank angle from when the injector finishes closing, and it should be a simple and reliable reference for the end of injection. You can

Next, the arrangement of injectors will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 23. In the embodiment of FIG.
The injector 61 is arranged above the sub scavenging port 41b1 and has injection holes on the left and right. Injector 6
The injection direction X11 from the injection hole of No. 1 is a direction in which the cylinder side wall C11 between the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides of the exhaust port 44 is directed when viewed from a plane, and the injection flow of the fuel injection hits the cylinder side wall C11 and reaches the combustion chamber. Widely diffuses and completely burns, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

The injector 61 is connected to the exhaust port 4
4 may be placed above the injector 61.
It has individual injection holes. The injection direction X21 from the injection holes on both sides of the injector 61 is a direction in which the cylinder side wall C12 between the sub scavenging port 41b1 and the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides is viewed in a plan view, and the injection flow of the fuel injection is It hits the cylinder side wall C12 and diffuses widely into the combustion chamber. In addition, the injection direction X22 from the central injection hole is the direction of the sub-scavenging port 41b1, and the injection flow of the fuel injection rides on the scavenging air flow and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber for complete combustion, and also blows through the exhaust port. Is reduced and fuel efficiency is improved.

The injector 61 is a sub-scavenging port 41b.
1, or the exhaust port 44
It may be arranged only in the upper position of, or both of them may be arranged.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the injector 61 is arranged at an upper position between one main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44, and has injection holes on the left and right. The main scavenging port 41a1 and the sub-scavenging port 41b in which the injection direction X31 from the injection hole of the injector 61 is opposed when viewed in a plan view.
The injection flow of the fuel injection rides on the scavenging air flow and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber to completely burn, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

Further, the injector 61 may be arranged at an upper position between the other main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44, and similarly, the main scavenging port 41a1 and the sub-scavenging port in which the injection direction X41 is opposed to each other when seen in a plan view. 41b1 and the injection flow of the fuel injection rides on the scavenging air and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber for complete combustion, and the exhaust port 44
The blow-through from the car is reduced and fuel efficiency is improved.

The injector 61 may be arranged only in the upper position between the main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44, or may be arranged only in the upper position between the other main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44. May be provided, or both may be provided.

In the embodiment of FIG. 16, the injector 61 is arranged above the sub scavenging port 41b1 and has injection holes on the left and right. The injection direction X51 from the injection hole of the injector 61 is the direction toward the main scavenging port 41a1 on both sides of the exhaust port 44 when viewed from a plane, and the injection flow of the fuel injection rides on the scavenging air flow and is widely diffused in the combustion chamber. Complete combustion is achieved, and further, blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

The injector 61 is connected to the exhaust port 4
4 may be arranged above the exhaust port 4 when the injection direction X61 from the injection hole of the injector 61 is seen from a plane.
The direction toward the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides of 4,
The injection flow of the fuel injection rides on the scavenging air flow and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber to complete combustion, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

The injector 61 has a secondary scavenging port 41b.
1, or the exhaust port 44
It may be arranged only in the upper position of, or both of them may be arranged.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the injector 61 is disposed above the auxiliary scavenging port 41b1 and is arranged in the left and right directions.
It has individual injection holes. The injection direction X71 from the outermost injection hole of the injector 61 is a direction in which the cylinder side wall C12 between the main scavenging port 41a1 and the sub scavenging port 41b1 is directed when seen from a plane, and the injection direction X72 from the inner injection hole. Is the direction toward the cylinder side wall C11 between the exhaust port 44 and the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides, and the injection flows X71 and X72 of the fuel injection are the cylinder side walls C11.
At 12, C11, the fuel is widely diffused in the combustion chamber and completely burned, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

In addition, the injector 61 having the same structure is used.
May be disposed above the exhaust air port 44, and the injection direction X81 from the outermost injection hole of the injector 61 may be set.
Is a plan view of the exhaust port 44 and the main scavenging ports 4 on both sides
1a1 is a direction toward the cylinder side wall C11,
The injection direction X82 from the injection hole inside is the direction in which the cylinder side wall C12 between the sub-scavenging port 41b1 and the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides is directed, and the injection flow X8 of the fuel injection is performed.
1, X82 hit the side walls C11, C12 of the cylinder to widely diffuse into the combustion chamber and complete combustion, and the exhaust port 44
The blow-through from the car is reduced and fuel efficiency is improved.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 18, the injector 61 is arranged at an upper position between the one main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44, and has three injection holes. One of the injection directions X91 from the injection holes on both sides of the injector 61 is a direction in which the cylinder side wall C12 between the main scavenging port 41a1 and the sub scavenging port 41b1 facing each other when viewed from a plane is directed, and the other one of the injection directions X91. Is the direction in which the cylinder side wall C11 between the main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44 facing each other when viewed from a plane is directed. In addition, the injection direction X92 from the injection hole at the center of the injector 61 has a main scavenging port 41a1 and a sub-scavenging port 41 that are opposed to each other when viewed from a plane.
It is the direction toward the cylinder side wall C12 between b1 and the injection flow of the fuel injection hits the cylinder side walls C11 and C12 and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber to complete combustion, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to reduce fuel consumption. improves.

In addition, the injector 61 having the same structure is used.
May be arranged at an upper position between the other main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44, and similarly, the cylinder side wall C12 between the main scavenging port 41a1 and the sub-scavenging port 41b1 in which the injection direction X101 is opposed to each other when seen in a plan view. And the other one of the injection directions X101 is a direction in which the cylinder side wall C11 between the main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44 facing each other when seen from a plane is directed. Further, the injection direction X102 from the injection hole in the center of the injector 61 has a main scavenging port 41a1 and a sub-scavenging port 4 which are opposed to each other when viewed from a plane.
1b1 is the direction toward the cylinder side wall C12,
The injection flow of the fuel injection hits the side walls C11, C12 of the cylinder and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber for complete combustion, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve the fuel efficiency.

The injector 61 may be arranged only in the upper position between the main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44, or may be arranged only in the upper position between the other main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44. May be provided, or both may be provided.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the injector 61 is arranged above the auxiliary scavenging port 41b1 and has three injection holes. The injection direction X111 from the injection holes on both sides of the injector 61 is the direction of the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides when viewed from a plane, and the injection flow of the fuel injection rides on the scavenging air and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber to completely burn, The central injection direction X112 is the direction toward the rib 44e that divides the exhaust port formed between the exhaust ports 44 when viewed from a plane, and the injection flow hits the rib 44e that divides the exhaust port and diffuses widely in the combustion chamber. Completely burned, and exhaust port 4
The blow-through from No. 4 is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the injector 61 is arranged above the auxiliary scavenging port 41b1 and has three injection holes. A cylinder side wall C11 between the main scavenging port 41a1 and the exhaust port 44 on both sides of the injection direction X121 from the injection holes on both sides of the injector 61 when seen in a plan view.
At the same time, the fuel is widely diffused in the combustion chamber and completely burned, and the central injection direction X122 is the direction toward the rib 44e that divides the exhaust port formed between the exhaust ports 44 when seen from a plane, and the injection flow is The rib 44e that divides the exhaust port is widely diffused into the combustion chamber and completely burned, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21, the injector 61 is arranged above the sub scavenging port 41b1 and has injection holes on the left and right. The injection direction X131 from the injection hole of the injector 61 is the direction toward the scavenging air flow from the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides of the exhaust port 44 when seen from a plane, and the injection flow of the fuel injection rides on the scavenging air flow and enters the combustion chamber. Widely diffuses and completely burns, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

The injector 61 is connected to the exhaust port 4
4, the injection direction X141 from the injection hole of the injector 61 is the direction toward the scavenging air flow from the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides of the exhaust port 44 when seen from a plan view, and The injection flow rides on the scavenging air and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber for complete combustion, and the exhaust port 44
The blow-through from the car is reduced and fuel efficiency is improved.

The injector 61 has a sub-scavenging port 41b.
1, or the exhaust port 44
It may be arranged only in the upper position of, or both of them may be arranged.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, the injector 61 is arranged above the auxiliary scavenging port 41b1 and is arranged at the left and right sides by four ports.
It has individual injection holes. The injection direction X151 from the outermost injection hole of the injector 61 is the direction in which the main scavenging port 41a1 is directed when viewed from a plane, and the injection direction X152 from the inner injection hole is the exhaust port 44 and the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides. In the direction in which the cylinder side wall C11 is directed, the injection flow of the fuel injection is widely diffused into the combustion chamber and completely burned, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

In addition, the injector 61 having the same structure is used.
May be disposed above the exhaust port 44, and the injection direction X16 from the outermost injection hole of the injector 61 may be increased.
1 is a direction in which the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides are directed when viewed from a plane, and an injection direction X162 from an injection hole inside thereof.
Is the sub scavenging port 41b1 and the main scavenging ports 41a1 on both sides
In the direction in which the cylinder side wall C12 is directed, the injection flow of the fuel injection is widely diffused into the combustion chamber and completely burned, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

In the embodiment of FIG. 23, the injector 61 is arranged above the sub scavenging port 41b1 and has injection holes on the left and right. The injection direction X171 from one injection hole of the injector 61 is the main scavenging port 41 when viewed from a plane.
The injection direction X171 from the other injection hole is the direction toward the cylinder side wall C11 between the exhaust port 44 and the main scavenging port 41a1 when seen from a plane, and the injection flow is wide in the combustion chamber. The fuel diffuses and completely burns, and the blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

The injector 61 is connected to the exhaust port 4
4, the injection direction X181 from one injection hole of the injector 61 is the direction toward the main scavenging port 41a1 when seen from a plane, and the injection direction X181 from the other injection hole is a plane. Seen from the side scavenging port 41
Cylinder side wall C12 between b1 and the main scavenging port 41a1
The injection flow is widely diffused into the combustion chamber for complete combustion, and blow-through from the exhaust port 44 is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, there are a plurality of injection directions for injecting fuel from the injector 61, and one injection direction faces the upper side of the combustion chamber and the other injection direction faces the piston top portion 26c. Moreover, it is configured so as to face in a direction avoiding the exhaust port 44. Injector 6
12, the nozzle 361 is formed with an injection passage 361a, and further communicates with the injection passage 361a, and an upward injection hole 361b and a downward injection hole 361.
c is formed. Diameter D1 of the upward injection hole 361b
The diameter D2 of the downward injection hole 361c is formed larger, and the fuel injection amount from the downward injection hole 361c is set to be larger than that of the upward injection hole 361b.

In FIG. 25, the angle of the downward injection flow X of the injector 61 is the horizontal plane L2 in the drawings (in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 6, the cylinder hole 25 of the cylinder body 22 is arranged horizontally). The middle horizontal plane L2 is a substantially vertical plane, while the cylinder body 2 is used in the embodiment of FIGS.
Since the cylinder hole 43 is in a substantially vertical direction, the horizontal plane L2 in the drawing is a substantially horizontal plane. ) To αl, α
2, the angles α1 and α2 are set to be larger than the angle αx between the horizontal plane L2 and the line connecting the injection hole of the injector 61 and the upper end of the exhaust port. The angles of the upward jet flow Y are shown as β1 and β2 with respect to the horizontal plane L2, the tip face of the downward jet flow X is shown as X1, and the tip face of the upward jet flow Y is shown as Y1.

In FIG. 25A, at the time of high speed, the fuel injection from the injector 61 is started while the piston 26 is descending from the top dead center to the bottom dead center. In FIG. 25 (b), the tip end surface X1 of the jet flow X reaches the bottom dead center and changes the movement direction, and reaches the piston top portion 26c which is rising, and collides at point P11. After that, the injection flow X having an angle smaller than the α2 angle sequentially reaches and collides with the ascending piston top portion 26c, and changes its direction.

In FIG. 25 (c), while the piston 26 is ascending toward the top dead center, α at the uppermost boundary of the injection flow X
The first one collides with the piston top portion 26c. Jet X
In the uppermost boundary of α1, there is a distance k from the point P21 to the cylinder side wall 22a in the reflection direction. Figure 25
In (d), the exhaust port 44 is closed before it reaches the cylinder side wall 22a or the exhaust port 44 earliest of those reflected after colliding with the piston top portion 26c.

Further, the fuel injection start timing and the fuel injection angles α1 and α2 are set according to the piston speed (crank radius, engine speed), the distance A from the cylinder upper end 22b to the mounting position, and the injection flow speed, and the injection is always performed. Flow X
Causes the exhaust port 44 to be closed by the piston 26 when reaches the opposite cylinder side wall 22a.

At high speed, while the piston 26 is descending, fuel injection is started while the exhaust port 44 is open. Since the fuel injection start is delayed as the speed becomes lower, the tip of the injection flow X does not blow through into the exhaust port 44.

The slower the jet flow velocity, the earlier the injection can be started. In this embodiment, 10 m / s to 30 m
The jet flow X is set to / s. The jet velocity is slow,
Whether the direct injection flow is directed to the exhaust port 44 or colliding with the piston top portion 26c, the piston 26 closes the exhaust port 44 before the injection flow reaches the exhaust port 44, so the fuel is exhausted. There is no stairwell entering port 44.

Further, the fuel injection angle α1 can be further reduced by delaying the fuel injection start timing, slowing the injection flow velocity, or increasing the cylinder bore. For example, the fuel injection angle α1 can be made 0 °, that is, horizontal. May be.

Further, the upward injection flow Y is formed at two locations around the piston 26 and the piston top portion 26c by delaying the fuel injection start timing at low speed by directing the discharge portion 31 of the spark plug 30. It will be ignited before the rich mixture diffuses. The middle portion is a lean air-fuel mixture, which enables combustion with slow progress of the flame surface, which is close to stratified combustion. It is possible to sufficiently form the rich mixture above and below the combustion chamber 29 only by raising the piston 26, not around the piston 26, and ensure premixing through diffusion of the rich mixture due to residual swirl after scavenging at medium and high speeds. can do.

Further, the jet flow X colliding with the piston 26
Is reflected and changes direction, and is directed above the cylinder.
In FIG. 25 (b), F3 is the exhaust flow, F1 is the scavenging air from the main scavenging port 41a1 shown in FIG. 14 on both sides, and is reversed and goes to the exhaust port 44. F2 is a scavenging air flow from the sub scavenging port 41b1. Even if the jet flows X and Y are disturbed by the main scavenging air flow F1 and the sub scavenging air flow F2, the time to reach the exhaust port 44 is not shortened, and blow-through can be prevented. FIG. 25 (c),
F4 in FIG. 25 (d) is a tumble flow that remains in the combustion chamber 29 and contributes to the formation of a uniform mixture.

[0129]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the invention, the injection direction for injecting fuel from the injector is the direction facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port, and the injection flow of fuel injection from the injector is as follows. Is widely diffused in the combustion chamber and completely burned, and the blow-through from the exhaust port is reduced, so that the fuel efficiency can be improved.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the direction in which the top of the piston is faced and the exhaust port is avoided is the direction in which the side wall of the cylinder is directed, and the injection flow of fuel injection hits the side wall of the cylinder and widely diffuses into the combustion chamber. Combustion is further reduced, and blow-through from the exhaust port is reduced to improve fuel efficiency.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the direction facing the piston top and avoiding the exhaust port is the direction toward the scavenging port or the scavenging air flow, and the injection flow of the fuel injection rides on the scavenging air flow and enters the combustion chamber. Widely diffused and completely combusted, and further, blow-through from the exhaust port is reduced, and fuel consumption can be improved.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the direction facing the piston top and avoiding the exhaust port is the direction toward the rib dividing the exhaust port formed between the exhaust ports,
The injection flow of the fuel injection hits the rib that divides the exhaust port, widely diffuses in the combustion chamber and completely burns, and the blow-through from the exhaust port is reduced, so that the fuel efficiency can be improved.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, there are a plurality of directions facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port, and the fuel is widely diffused in the combustion chamber depending on the engine and complete combustion is performed, and the blow-through from the exhaust port is prevented. It can be reduced and the fuel efficiency can be improved.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, there are a plurality of injection directions for injecting fuel from the injector, and one injection direction faces the upper side of the combustion chamber and the other injection direction faces the piston top and avoids the exhaust port. If the fuel injection start timing is delayed at low speed by directing the discharge direction of the ignition plug toward the upper side of the combustion chamber in addition to Claims 1 to 5, Ignition is performed before the rich air-fuel mixture formed in the surrounding area and the piston top part diffuses, and the middle is a lean air-fuel mixture, which allows combustion that progresses slowly on the flame surface similar to stratified combustion. Also, it is possible to form a rich air-fuel mixture above and below the combustion chamber just by turning it upward instead of around the piston, and to diffuse the rich air-fuel mixture due to residual swirl after scavenging at medium and high speeds. It can ensure premixed Te.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on an outboard motor and mainly for one cylinder.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of fuel and air for cylinder side wall injection.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of an upper portion of one cylinder of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an exhaust system.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment in which a fuel injection type internal combustion engine is mounted on a motorcycle.

FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of a fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 9 is a rear view of the fuel injection type internal combustion engine.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of fuel and air for cylinder side wall injection.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an injector.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a hole shape of a portion into which a tip portion of an injector is inserted.

FIG. 13 is a fuel injection timing chart.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of injectors.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the tip of the injector.

FIG. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing fuel injection of an injector.

[Explanation of symbols]

 22 Cylinder Body 22a Cylinder Side Wall 23 Cylinder Head 26 Piston 26c Piston Top 29 Combustion Chamber 44 Exhaust Port 61 Injector

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Office reference number FI technical display location F02M 61/18 320 F02M 61/18 320C 360 360J

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A fuel injection type internal combustion engine in which a combustion chamber is formed by a cylinder head, a cylinder body and a piston, a scavenging port and an exhaust port are formed on a cylinder side wall, and fuel is injected from an injector into the combustion chamber. The injection direction that injects fuel from the injector is
A fuel injection type internal combustion engine, characterized in that it faces the top of the piston and avoids the exhaust port. 2. The fuel injection internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a direction facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port is a direction facing the side wall of the cylinder. 3. The fuel injection internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a direction facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port is a direction toward the scavenging port or the scavenging air flow. 4. The direction facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port is a direction toward a rib dividing an exhaust port formed between the exhaust ports. Fuel injection type internal combustion engine. 5. The fuel injection internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of directions facing the top of the piston and avoiding the exhaust port. 6. A plurality of injection directions for injecting fuel from the injector, one injection direction facing upward of the combustion chamber, and the other injection direction facing a piston top and avoiding the exhaust port. The fuel injection type internal combustion engine according to claim 1, which is suitable for use.