JPH09502894A - Airway monitoring adapter and its use - Google Patents
Airway monitoring adapter and its useInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09502894A JPH09502894A JP7509840A JP50984095A JPH09502894A JP H09502894 A JPH09502894 A JP H09502894A JP 7509840 A JP7509840 A JP 7509840A JP 50984095 A JP50984095 A JP 50984095A JP H09502894 A JPH09502894 A JP H09502894A
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- catheter
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- 238000002627 tracheal intubation Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0463—Tracheal tubes combined with suction tubes, catheters or the like; Outside connections
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0402—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for
- A61M16/042—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for with separate conduits for in-and expiration gas, e.g. for limited dead volume
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0486—Multi-lumen tracheal tubes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
- A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
- A61M16/0833—T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0434—Cuffs
- A61M16/0445—Special cuff forms, e.g. undulated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Endoscopes (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】 第1カテーテルを受入れるための第1導管と、外壁面に配置される外ねじを有し、該アダプタの内部に連通される第2導管と、前記アダプタの中心へ向かって第2カテーテルを方向決めするためのアダプタ内部のガイド手段と、導管の外ねじと螺合する内ねじを有するとともに、圧縮スラグを収容するためのカラーとを含み、該ねじ付カラーの締め付けによって第2カテーテルの密封および係止を可能にするようになされた気道監視アダプタが提供される。更に、患者の体内の気管内チューブの先端を監視する方法が提供される。監視アダプタは吸引カテーテルに連結できる。 (57) [Summary] A first conduit for receiving a first catheter, a second conduit having an external thread arranged on an outer wall surface, which communicates with the inside of the adapter, and a direction toward the center of the adapter A guide means within the adapter for orienting the second catheter; and a collar having an internal thread for threading with an external thread of the conduit and having a collar for receiving a compression slug, the tightening of the threaded collar providing a first An airway monitoring adapter adapted to allow for sealing and locking of two catheters is provided. Further provided is a method of monitoring the tip of an endotracheal tube within a patient's body. The monitoring adapter can be connected to the suction catheter.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 気道監視アダプタおよびその使用法 技術分野 本発明は気道監視アダプタおよび監視カテーテルに関する。本発明は監視装置 を可変位置決めできるようになし、例えば患者の体内に配置した気管チューブの 先端を監視できるようにする。更に、本発明は気管チューブの先端を監視しつつ 患者の気管を吸引する方法に関する。本発明は更に気道監視アダプタを備えた吸 引カテーテルに関する。 従来技術 患者の換気のために現在のところ数多くの購入可能な装置が使用されている。 このような目的の従来の気管内チューブの使用は、換気目的に関しては確かに満 足できるものである。しかしながら、患者の換気の間にしばしば流体が気管およ び気管支に滞留する。一般に、粘液分泌物や他の流体は、例えば使用されている ならば拡張カフ(inflated cuff)付近の下側およびその内部の挿管通路に沿っ て溜まる。患者はその分泌物を飲み込もうとして、気管内チューブのまわりの筋 肉の収縮および組織の動きを生じるのであり、これが挿管状態での不快感を生む 。これらの流体の滞留は換気を妨げ、感染の危険性を高める。したがって、滞留 流体を患者から吸入すなわち吸引することが必要である。 過去において、吸引は換気機器を取外して行われ、それ故に患者の補助された 換気は中断されてしまい、また気管および気管支などの内部にカテーテルを挿入 して、このカテーテルが真空源に連結される。真空付与により流体がカテーテル を経て除去された後、換気機器は再度患者に取付けられて換気が再開される。 しかしながら、患者の機械で補助された換気の中断は極度の不安を生じる。ま た、吸引時に酸素の不飽和化(desaturation)が生じ、血中酸素減少、徐脈およ び他の不整脈、血圧降下を引き起こして、頭蓋内圧力の増大をもたらし得ること が報告されている。また、吸引時に拡張不全(無気肺)や気管支狭窄を生じかね ないことも報告されている。 これらの問題点のいずれをも排除し、または少なくとも大幅に低減するために 、本願の譲受人であるスミス・インダストリーズ・メディカル・システムズ・イ ンコーポレーテッド(SIMS)から入手可能なステリキャス(SteriCath)品 番6100の商標のもとで購入できるごとき閉結式換気吸引カテーテル装置が現 在広く使用されている。この換気吸引カテーテル装置はカテーテルチューブと、 気管内チューブに連結するための、また換気装置に連結するための十字形ピース (cross-piece)である連結部材と、患者に最も近い端部の反対側の端部に配置 される真空源に連結するための手段と、吸引力を制御する制御バルブと、十字形 ピースおよび真空源に連結する部材との間に配置される保護スリーブとを含む。 閉結式換気吸引カテーテル装置は換気を継続し、これと同時に、患者から望ま しくない滞留流体を除去するために吸引力の付与が行えるようにする。 機械式換気を必要とする特に危険な患者のグループは、散漫性(diffuse)の 肺、典型的には成人呼吸困難症候群(Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome) (ARDS)と称される人々である。成人呼吸困難症候群(ARDS)の患者は 一般的に自身の呼吸不全で死亡することはないが、その代わりに敗血症や多臓器 不全で死亡する。 従来の換気支援態様は、与えられる正の終端呼気圧力(PEEP)(positive end expiratory pressure)による体積換気制御である。不都合にも最近の証拠 によれば、この方法は高い圧力によって繊細な肺胞組織を傷つけて、肺の損傷を 生じ得るということが示唆されている。 体積制御式の換気に代わる代替法は、吸気:呼気(I:E)逆比で圧力制御す る換気である。これは多数の肺胞を回復させるとともに気道のピーク圧力(PA P)を低下させてガス交換を改善することが見出された。この形式の換気の潜在 的な問題点は、平均気道圧力(MAP)および自律的な正の終端呼気圧力(au to−PEEP)が上昇する結果として心臓血液排出量が低下することである。 血液動態の結果に悪影響を及ぼさないでガス交換を改善する吸気:呼気(I:E )比を選択することが可能である。 現在、所定の患者の平均気道圧力(MAP)および正の終端呼気圧力(PEE P)を監視するための典型的な方法は、回路チューブの圧力を監視して これを臨床判断に使用することである。これは、たとえ気道圧力が気管チューブ の先端部先端すなわち末端で監視される必要のあることを示唆しているデータが あったとしても、上述のように行われる。更に、吸気相が開始されて別の体積の 空気が肺に導入される前の呼気相の終了時点で、肺圧力が回路圧力と均衡するこ とを許さない換気態様が幾つかある。この圧力の差が自律的な正の終端呼気圧力 (auto−PEEP)(または固有(intrinsic)の正の終端呼気圧力(PE EP))と称される。 この自律的な正の終端呼気圧力(auto−PEEP)は特別な気管内(ET )チューブの中の圧力監視管腔を経て監視できる。これらのチューブの例は、監 視ラインを備えたマリンクロット(Mallinckrodt)およびシェリダン(Sheridan )気管内(ET)CO2である。これらを使用しての主な問題点は、挿管が一般 に成人呼吸困難症候群(ARDS)に罹患する前に行われるので、患者が特別な チューブを最初から挿管されようとしないことである。成人呼吸困難症候群(A RDS)に罹患した後では、これらの患者は不安定状態となるのでチューブの交 換は厳しい合併症をもたらすことになり得る。それ故に、これは主治医の内科医 には一般に許されない。 PC−IRVモードを備えた換気具(ventilator)を販売しているハミルトン ・ベンチレータ・カンパニー(Hamilton Ventilator Company)は、ポルテック ス・ジェット・ベンチレータ・アダプタ(Portex Jet Ventilator Adaptor)を 推奨しており、これは深さ調整可能な気道圧力監視カテーテルを与える。これは 、気管チューブを監視機能を有する特別なチューブに交換することを必要とせず に気管チューブの先端に必要とする監視手段を与える。このアダプタにおける欠 点は、回路を外さずに分泌物を患者の肺から吸引することができないことである 。吸引のために回路を外すことは、厳しい状態にある患者(例えば不飽和化およ び頻脈)に有害となりかねない。 発明の概要 本発明は従来技術における上述した問題点を解消することのできる気道監視ア ダプタおよび監視カテーテルに関する。 特に、本発明は監視装置の可変の位置決めを与え、患者の体内に配置した気管 チューブの先端を監視できるようにする。更に本発明は、患者が換気や吸引を中 断することなく、換気、気管吸引、および気管チューブの先端の監視を行われる ことを許す。 更に詳しくは、本発明は監視カテーテルおよび監視アダプタに関する。 監視アダプタは第1カテーテルを受入れる導管と、アダプタの内壁面上に配置 されて該アダプタの内部と連通される外ねじ付き導管と、第2カテーテルをアダ プタ中心へ向けて方向決めするためのアダプタ内部のガイド手段と、導管の外ね じと螺合される内ねじを有し、圧縮スラグ(slug)を収容するカラーとを含み、 ねじ付きカラーの締め付けが第2カテーテルの密封係止を可能にするようになさ れる。 更に、本発明は吸引カテーテルにも係わり、該吸引カテーテルは患者に挿入さ れるのに適当なカテーテルチューブと、カテーテルチューブの先端付近でカテー テルチューブを取巻くように取り付けられた患者連結部材とを含み、該先端は患 者に挿入するのに適したものとされる。このカテーテルはまた上述の気道監視ア ダプタを含み、該アダプタはカテーテルチューブの先端付近で患者連結部材に連 結され、カテーテルチューブを取巻くように配置される。 真空連結部材がカテーテルチューブの基端付近に配置される。保護スリーブが カテーテルチューブの長さの少なくとも大部分を取囲んで、患者連結部材の間を 延在する。保護スリーブは、カテーテルチューブ先端がその保護スリーブから患 者の体内へ延在できるように、また患者の体内から引出されることのできるよう になされる。 本発明はまた患者の体内に配置された気管チューブの先端を監視する方法に関 する。特に、本発明の方法は患者の肺/気道系統と換気具との間に換気/吸引装 置を介在させ、 換気具および換気装置が患者の肺に流入する換気ガスに付随意に循環させ、ま た患者から気管チューブを通して廃ガスを除去するようになし、 換気装置の接続を切ることなく、患者の肺から分泌物を除去するために吸引カ テーテルを気道/肺系統に選択的に導入し、 換気装置の接続を切ることなく、または換気段階または吸引段階のいずれも中 断することなく、気道を監視するために監視カテーテルを気管チューブの先端に て換気/吸引装置の中に選択的に位置決めする諸段階を含む。 図面の簡単な説明 第1図は本発明の吸引カテーテルの概略図である。 第2図は本発明の気道監視アダプタおよび監視カテーテル組立体の概略図であ る。 第3図は本発明による監視アダプタの横断面図である。 本発明を実施する最良および好ましい態様 第1図は本発明による気道監視アダプタを備えた吸引カテーテルの概略立面図 である。吸引カテーテル21は十字形ピース11の脚15および12を通り、気 道監視アダプタ40および気管内チューブまたは気管瘻孔チューブ42を通って 患者の体内へ連結されることができる。十字形ピースの脚13はT形アダプタ4 3に連結され、該T形アダプタ43は導管44および45、およびアダプタ46 および47をそれぞれ経て換気具46へ連結される。必要ならば、連結ピース1 1は旋回機構を備えることができる。更に、必要ならば、アダプタ40は旋回機 構、例えば旋回機構はアダプタの基端付近に配置された旋回手段を含むことがで きる。 本発明のカテーテルの説明に関して、各種部材の基端は真空源49に最も近い 端部と理解され、先端は患者に最も近い端部と理解される。 吸引カテーテル21はカテーテルチューブ2、真空連結部材1および保護スリ ーブ3を含む。 カテーテルチューブ2は柔軟な可撓性チューブで、例えば塩化ポリビニルで作 られ、真空圧を利用して患者から流体を除去するために患者の体内に、例えば気 管/気管支紋理(bronchial tree)に挿入されるようになされる。更に、必要な らば、カテーテルチューブ2はホリスター(Hollister)氏に付与された米国特 許第5073164号明細書に開示されているよう複数管腔式カテーテルチュー ブとすることができるのであり、該特許明細書の開示技術の全ては参照すること で本明細書に組み入れられる。カテーテルチューブはまた1つまたは複数の穴を 先端に含み、閉塞発生を減少させることができる。更にまた、カテーテルチュー ブは患者の体内への挿入深さを読み取るための目盛りを表面上に含むことができ る。 カテーテルチューブはその先端が十字形ピース11を通り、その十字形ピース 11の脚15の中に配置されてカテーテルチューブの周面を取囲むワイパーシー ル(図示せず)を通される。ワイパーシールはシリコーンゴム材料で作ることが できる。 カテーテルチューブの基端には、真空連結部材1と称するカテーテルを真空源 49に連結するための手段が配置されて備えられる。この真空連結部材は吸引カ テーテルチューブの外形と同じ寸法の孔を含む。真空連結部材1は通常は比較的 剛性の材料、例えばSAN(スチレンおよびアクリルニトリルの重合体)で作ら れる。 真空連結部材1とカテーテルチューブ2との間にバルブ部材10も配置される 。図示バルブ部材10はスプール式バルブであり、ブチルゴムで作られるのが好 ましい。このバルブは、バルブゴム部材の頂部に手で力を加えてゴム部材および バルブ部材10の頂部を押下げ、これによりカテーテルチューブ内部の通路を遮 断状態から解放して吸引力が付与できるようにすることで、作動される。手操作 の力を解除することにより、バルブは係止位置へ復帰する。ゴム部材16は、超 音波溶接されたリング(図示せず)によってバルブ部材のバルブ本体18の中に 保持される。 十字形ピース11とバルブ部材10との間に保護スリーブ3が配置されており 、この保護スリーブ3はカテーテルチューブ2の長さの少なくとも大部分を取囲 んでいる。保護スリーブ3はカテーテルチューブの先端が保護スリーブから患者 の体内へ延在できるように、また患者から引き出されることができるようにする 。可撓性の保護スリーブは一般に円筒形で、可撓性で軽量の半透明のプラスチッ ク材料、例えば典型的に約0.051mmの厚さの透明性の高いポリエチレンで 形成される。保護スリーブの直径は、平らな状態で典型的に約38.1〜約43 .2mm(1.5〜10.7インチ)である。 スリーブ3の端部は、十字形ピース11の脚15に接着固定され、またカラー 1aを経て吸引バルブ組立体1の脚18に接着固定される。組立において、カラ ーはそれぞれ保護スリーブ3の端部とともに捩られて、外ねじ付き脚15および 18の上に螺合され、カラーおよびねじ付き脚の間に接着剤が配置される。典型 的な接着剤は塩化ポリビニル含有テトラヒドロフランである。 第2図は分解図とした監視アダプタ40と監視カテーテル50の立面図である 。特に、監視アダプタ40は取付け部材51を含み、この取付け部材51は気管 内取付け具41および十字形ピース11の間の連結を行い、またカテーテル2お よび監視カテーテルを受入れる導管を含む。監視アダプタの外壁面には導管52 が配置され、該導管52は外ねじ53(第3図参照)を有している。この導管5 2はアダプタ40の内部と連通している。導管51はアダプタに対して角度Aで 配置されている。典型的には、この角度は約115°〜約155°であり、更に 典型的には約135°である。アダプタの内部では、監視カテーテルを中心部へ 方向決めするガイド手段が配置されている。特に、この手段は壁部材54および 55(第3図参照)を含み、これらの壁部材54および55はアダプタの内壁面 から間隔を隔てて配置されている。典型的に、この間隔は約7.62〜約11. 43mm(0.300〜.0450インチ)、更に典型的には約10.16mm (0.400インチ)である。壁部材54および55は互いに対して角度Bをな して配置されている。壁部材54は角度Cでアダプタの内壁面と交差する。角度 Bおよび角度Cの合計は180°に等しいかそれより大きく、角度Bは典型的に 135°で、角度Cは典型的に45°である。 カラー、すなわち導管の外ねじと螺合する内ねじ(図示せず)を有する圧縮ハ ウジング56が含まれる。このカラーはその締め付けおよび緩めのための把持手 段57を含む。圧縮ハウジングがねじ付導管上に締め付けられるとき、これは圧 縮スラグ58を収容して、内部に挿入された監視カテーテル61を密封して係止 できるようにする。圧縮スラグ58はゴム(ポリイソプレン)で作られ得る。緩 められたときには、監視カテーテルは所望される通りに位置決めできる。 鋼ワッシャ59も保護スリーブ60に含まれ、この保護スリーブ60は監視カ テーテル61の周囲に備えられてO−リング62により、またはプラスチックス ナップ嵌合によって監視カテーテルに取り付けられる。保護スリーブ60はカテ ーテル2の周囲に使用された保護スリーブ3と同じ材料で作られ得る。保護スリ ーブ60は監視カテーテル61の長さの少なくとも大部分を取囲む。監視カテー テル61はその後で単独の、または監視具に一体化された圧力監視器に連結され る。 気管内チューブの先端位置の圧力の監視は、本発明によって達成されるが、非 常に重要である。特に、これは患者の呼吸機能(Work of breathing)(WOB )を決定するのに使用される。これは患者の酸素O2消費、カロリー要求量、肺 コンプライアンス(compliance)、および抵抗を監視するためのインジケータを 与える。圧力の監視に加えて、本発明は成分分析のための気道内ガスの採取に使 用することもできる。これは試料の希釈が最小限とされるような分岐櫛(carina )のレベルでの試料採取を可能にする。更に、3路のストップロック(stop loc k)63が監視カテーテルの基端に雌側アダプタ64を経て連結され、監視カテ ーテルの掃出を可能にしている。 更に、監視アダプタは患者の肺に薬物を導入する手段としても使用できる。気 管内チューブの先端を超えて監視カテーテルを送り込むことができるので、投薬 は肺の内部に直接に付与できる。これは注射器または計量投薬の吸引キャニスタ で達成される。特に、基端側の連結は標準的なルアー(luer)、およびMDIキ ャニスタ(第2図の代替コネクタ65を参照)からのステムの両方を受入れるよ うに設計できる。主なる利点は、他の導入装置と比較して投薬を直接に肺の中に 付与できることであり、他の導入装置によれば薬剤は回路の中に解放され、この ためにその大部分は患者に付与されずに、コネクタにおける回路の壁面に付着し 、また気管内チューブの内側に付着してしまう。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Airway monitoring adapter and its use Technical Field The present invention relates to airway monitoring adapter and monitoring catheters. The present invention allows for variable positioning of the monitoring device, for example, the tip of a tracheal tube placed within the patient. Further, the present invention relates to a method of aspirating a patient's trachea while monitoring the tip of the tracheal tube. The invention further relates to a suction catheter with an airway monitoring adapter. Prior Art Numerous commercially available devices are currently used for ventilation of patients. The use of conventional endotracheal tubes for such purposes is certainly satisfactory for ventilation purposes. However, during patient ventilation, fluids often accumulate in the trachea and bronchi. Generally, mucus secretions and other fluids accumulate, for example, below the inflated cuff, if used, and along the intubation passage therein. The patient attempts to swallow its secretions, causing muscle contraction and tissue movement around the endotracheal tube, which causes discomfort during intubation. The retention of these fluids impedes ventilation and increases the risk of infection. Therefore, it is necessary to inhale or aspirate stagnant fluid from the patient. In the past, aspiration was done with the ventilator removed, thus interrupting the patient's assisted ventilation and inserting a catheter inside the trachea and bronchi, which was then connected to a vacuum source. . After the fluid has been removed through the catheter by applying the vacuum, the ventilator is reattached to the patient and ventilation is resumed. However, the interruption of the patient's machine-assisted ventilation causes extreme anxiety. It has also been reported that oxygen desaturation occurs during inhalation, which can lead to hypoxia in blood, bradycardia and other arrhythmias, hypotension, and increased intracranial pressure. It has also been reported that dystrophy (atelectasis) and bronchial stenosis may occur during inhalation. In order to eliminate, or at least significantly reduce, any of these problems, a SteriCath part number 6100, available from the assignee of this application, Smith Industries Medical Systems, Inc. (SIMS) Closed ventilated suction catheter devices, such as those available under the trademark, are now widely used. This ventilation suction catheter system includes a catheter tube, a connecting member that is a cross-piece for connecting to an endotracheal tube, and for connecting to a ventilation system, and an end opposite the end closest to the patient. Means for connecting to a vacuum source arranged at the end of the, a control valve for controlling the suction force, and a protective sleeve arranged between the cross piece and the member connecting to the vacuum source. The closed-loop ventilation suction catheter system allows for continued ventilation while at the same time providing suction to remove unwanted stagnant fluid from the patient. A particularly dangerous group of patients in need of mechanical ventilation are those with diffuse lungs, typically referred to as Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients generally do not die of their own respiratory failure, but instead die of sepsis and multiple organ failure. A conventional ventilatory assistance mode is volume ventilation control with a given positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Unfortunately, recent evidence suggests that this method can damage delicate alveolar tissue with high pressure, resulting in lung damage. An alternative to volume controlled ventilation is pressure controlled ventilation with an inspiration: expiration (I: E) inverse ratio. It was found to restore a large number of alveoli as well as lower the airway peak pressure (PAP) and improve gas exchange. A potential problem with this type of ventilation is a decrease in cardiac blood output as a result of increased mean airway pressure (MAP) and autonomous positive end expiratory pressure (au-PEEP). It is possible to choose an inspiratory: expiratory (I: E) ratio that improves gas exchange without adversely affecting hemodynamic results. Currently, a typical method for monitoring mean airway pressure (MAP) and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) in a given patient is to monitor circuit tube pressure and use this in clinical judgment. is there. This is done as described above, even if there is data suggesting that airway pressure needs to be monitored at the tip or end of the tracheal tube. In addition, there are some ventilation aspects that do not allow lung pressure to balance circuit pressure at the end of the expiratory phase before the inspiratory phase is initiated and another volume of air is introduced into the lungs. This pressure difference is called the autonomous positive end expiratory pressure (auto-PEEP) (or intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)). This autonomous positive end expiratory pressure (auto-PEEP) can be monitored via a pressure monitoring lumen in a special endotracheal (ET) tube. Examples of these tubes are Mallinckrodt and Sheridan Endotracheal (ET) CO 2 with monitoring lines. The main problem with their use is that patients do not try to intubate special tubes from the beginning, as intubation is generally performed before suffering from adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). After suffering from adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), tube replacement can lead to severe complications as these patients become unstable. Therefore, this is generally not acceptable to the attending physician. Hamilton Ventilator Company, which sells ventilators with PC-IRV mode, recommends the Portex Jet Ventilator Adapter, which is An adjustable airway pressure monitoring catheter is provided. This provides the monitoring means required at the tip of the tracheal tube without having to replace the tracheal tube with a special tube with monitoring function. A drawback with this adapter is that secretions cannot be aspirated from the patient's lungs without breaking the circuit. Disconnecting the circuit for aspiration can be detrimental to severely ill patients (eg, desaturation and tachycardia). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to an airway monitoring adapter and monitoring catheter that overcomes the above-noted problems of the prior art. In particular, the invention provides variable positioning of the monitoring device to allow monitoring of the tip of a tracheal tube placed within the patient. Further, the present invention allows the patient to be ventilated, tracheally aspirated, and monitored at the tip of the tracheal tube without interrupting ventilation or aspiration. More particularly, the present invention relates to monitoring catheters and monitoring adapters. The monitoring adapter includes a conduit for receiving the first catheter, an externally threaded conduit disposed on the inner wall surface of the adapter and in communication with the interior of the adapter, and an interior of the adapter for directing the second catheter toward the center of the adapter. Guide means and a collar having an internal thread to be threadedly engaged with the external thread of the conduit and containing a compression slug, the tightening of the threaded collar enabling a hermetic locking of the second catheter. Is done like this. Further, the present invention also relates to a suction catheter, the suction catheter including a catheter tube suitable for insertion into a patient, and a patient connecting member mounted around the catheter tube near the tip of the catheter tube, The tip is adapted for insertion into a patient. The catheter also includes the airway monitoring adapter described above, which is connected to the patient connecting member near the distal end of the catheter tube and is positioned around the catheter tube. A vacuum coupling member is located near the proximal end of the catheter tube. A protective sleeve surrounds at least a majority of the length of the catheter tube and extends between the patient connecting members. The protective sleeve is adapted to allow the catheter tube tip to extend from the protective sleeve into the patient and to be withdrawn from the patient. The invention also relates to a method of monitoring the tip of a tracheal tube placed inside a patient. In particular, the method of the present invention interposes a ventilator / suction device between the patient's lung / airway system and the ventilator to allow the ventilator and ventilator to circulate adventitiously to ventilated gases entering the patient's lungs, and The patient is instructed to remove waste gas through the tracheal tube, and a suction catheter is selectively introduced into the airway / pulmonary system to remove secretions from the patient's lungs without disconnecting the ventilator. Of selectively positioning a monitoring catheter at the tip of the tracheal tube into the ventilation / suction device to monitor the airway without disconnecting the ventilator or interrupting either the ventilation or suction steps including. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the suction catheter of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the airway monitoring adapter and monitoring catheter assembly of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the surveillance adapter according to the present invention. BEST AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION FIG. 1 is a schematic elevational view of an aspiration catheter with an airway monitoring adapter according to the present invention. The suction catheter 21 can be connected through the legs 15 and 12 of the cross piece 11 and through the airway monitoring adapter 40 and the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube 42 into the patient's body. The leg 13 of the cross piece is connected to a T-shaped adapter 43, which is connected to a ventilator 46 via conduits 44 and 45 and adapters 46 and 47, respectively. If necessary, the connecting piece 11 can be equipped with a swivel mechanism. Further, if desired, the adapter 40 can include a swivel mechanism, eg, the swivel mechanism can include swivel means disposed near the proximal end of the adapter. With respect to the description of the catheter of the present invention, the proximal end of the various members is understood to be the end closest to the vacuum source 49 and the tip is understood to be the end closest to the patient. The suction catheter 21 comprises a catheter tube 2, a vacuum connecting member 1 and a protective sleeve 3. The catheter tube 2 is a flexible flexible tube, eg made of polyvinyl chloride, which is inserted into the patient's body to remove fluid from the patient using vacuum pressure, eg into the tracheal / bronchial tree. Is done. Further, if desired, the catheter tube 2 can be a multi-lumen catheter tube as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,073,164 to Hollister, which is hereby incorporated by reference. All of the disclosed techniques are incorporated herein by reference. The catheter tube can also include one or more holes at the tip to reduce the incidence of occlusion. Furthermore, the catheter tube can include a scale on the surface for reading the depth of insertion into the patient's body. The catheter tube passes through the cross-shaped piece 11 and is passed through a wiper seal (not shown) which is placed in the leg 15 of the cross-shaped piece 11 and surrounds the circumferential surface of the catheter tube. The wiper seal can be made of silicone rubber material. At the proximal end of the catheter tube, means for connecting the catheter, called a vacuum connecting member 1, to the vacuum source 49 is arranged and provided. The vacuum connecting member includes a hole having the same size as the outer shape of the suction catheter tube. The vacuum connecting member 1 is usually made of a relatively rigid material, for example SAN (a polymer of styrene and acrylonitrile). A valve member 10 is also arranged between the vacuum connecting member 1 and the catheter tube 2. The illustrated valve member 10 is a spool-type valve and is preferably made of butyl rubber. In this valve, a force is manually applied to the top of the valve rubber member to push down the rubber member and the top of the valve member 10, thereby releasing the passage inside the catheter tube from the blocked state so that suction force can be applied. It is activated. The valve returns to the locked position by releasing the manual force. The rubber member 16 is retained in the valve body 18 of the valve member by an ultrasonically welded ring (not shown). A protective sleeve 3 is arranged between the cross-shaped piece 11 and the valve member 10 and surrounds at least a major part of the length of the catheter tube 2. The protective sleeve 3 allows the tip of the catheter tube to extend from the protective sleeve into the patient and to be withdrawn from the patient. The flexible protective sleeve is generally cylindrical and is formed of a flexible, lightweight, translucent plastic material, such as highly transparent polyethylene, typically about 0.051 mm thick. The diameter of the protective sleeve typically ranges from about 38.1 to about 43. It is 2 mm (1.5 to 10.7 inches). The end of the sleeve 3 is adhesively fixed to the leg 15 of the cross-shaped piece 11 and also to the leg 18 of the suction valve assembly 1 via the collar 1a. In assembly, the collar is twisted with the ends of the protective sleeve 3 and screwed onto the externally threaded legs 15 and 18, respectively, and the adhesive is placed between the collar and the threaded leg. A typical adhesive is tetrahydrofuran containing polyvinyl chloride. FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the monitoring adapter 40 and the monitoring catheter 50 in an exploded view. In particular, the monitoring adapter 40 includes a mounting member 51, which provides a connection between the endotracheal fitting 41 and the cross piece 11, and also includes a conduit for receiving the catheter 2 and the monitoring catheter. A conduit 52 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the monitoring adapter, and the conduit 52 has an external thread 53 (see FIG. 3). The conduit 52 communicates with the inside of the adapter 40. The conduit 51 is arranged at an angle A with respect to the adapter. Typically this angle is from about 115 ° to about 155 °, more typically about 135 °. Inside the adapter, guide means are arranged to orient the monitoring catheter centrally. In particular, this means includes wall members 54 and 55 (see Figure 3), which are spaced from the inner wall surface of the adapter. Typically, this spacing is from about 7.62 to about 11. It is 43 mm (0.300 to 0.0450 inches), and more typically about 10.16 mm (0.400 inches). The wall members 54 and 55 are arranged at an angle B with respect to each other. The wall member 54 intersects the inner wall surface of the adapter at an angle C. The sum of angle B and angle C is greater than or equal to 180 °, angle B is typically 135 ° and angle C is typically 45 °. A compression housing 56 is included that has a collar, i.e., internal threads (not shown) that threadably engage the external threads of the conduit. The collar includes gripping means 57 for tightening and loosening it. When the compression housing is tightened onto the threaded conduit, it accommodates the compression slug 58, allowing the monitoring catheter 61 inserted therein to be hermetically locked. The compression slug 58 may be made of rubber (polyisoprene). When loosened, the monitoring catheter can be positioned as desired. A steel washer 59 is also included in the protective sleeve 60, which is provided around the monitoring catheter 61 and attached to the monitoring catheter by an O-ring 62 or by a plastic snap fit. The protective sleeve 60 may be made of the same material as the protective sleeve 3 used around the catheter 2. The protective sleeve 60 surrounds at least most of the length of the monitoring catheter 61. The monitoring catheter 61 is then connected to a pressure monitor, either alone or integrated into the monitor. Monitoring the pressure at the tip of the endotracheal tube, which is accomplished by the present invention, is of great importance. In particular, it is used to determine the patient's work of breathing (WOB). This provides an indicator to monitor the patient's oxygen O 2 consumption, caloric demand, lung compliance, and resistance. In addition to pressure monitoring, the present invention may also be used to collect airway gas for component analysis. This allows for sampling at the level of the carina, where sample dilution is minimized. In addition, a three-way stop lock 63 is connected to the proximal end of the monitoring catheter via a female adapter 64 to allow escaping of the monitoring catheter. In addition, the monitoring adapter can be used as a means of introducing a drug into the patient's lungs. The medication can be delivered directly inside the lungs, as the monitoring catheter can be delivered beyond the end of the endotracheal tube. This is accomplished with a syringe or a metered dose suction canister. In particular, the proximal connection can be designed to accept both standard luers and stems from MDI canisters (see alternative connector 65 in FIG. 2). The main advantage is that the medication can be delivered directly into the lungs compared to other introducers, which release the drug into the circuit, which is for the most part the patient. Not adhered to the inner wall of the endotracheal tube, but adheres to the wall surface of the circuit of the connector.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 クロス,ケイス アメリカ合衆国36567 アリゾナ州フェニ ックス,トウェンティーセカンド ストリ ート 1518────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Cross, Case United States 36567 Feni, Arizona Cox, Twenty Second Strike 1518
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12156793A | 1993-09-16 | 1993-09-16 | |
| US08/121,567 | 1993-09-16 | ||
| PCT/US1994/010433 WO1995008356A2 (en) | 1993-09-16 | 1994-09-14 | Airway monitoring adapter and use thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09502894A true JPH09502894A (en) | 1997-03-25 |
Family
ID=22397537
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7509840A Expired - Lifetime JPH09502894A (en) | 1993-09-16 | 1994-09-14 | Airway monitoring adapter and its use |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0793520A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09502894A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7728894A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995008356A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA946814B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6575944B1 (en) | 2000-06-19 | 2003-06-10 | Portex, Inc. | Adapter for localized treatment through a tracheal tube and method for use thereof |
| US6579254B1 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2003-06-17 | Portex, Inc. | Medication adapter and method for use thereof |
| ATE487507T1 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2010-11-15 | Marina-Mor Trodler | DEVICE FOR FIXING AN AIRWAY TUBE TO A PATIENT |
| EP2164549A4 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2016-03-23 | Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc | Endoscopic bite block for use with cannula |
| US8444627B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2013-05-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Respiratory manifold with bridge |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4393873A (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1983-07-19 | Nawash Michael S | Gastrostomy and other percutaneous transport tubes |
| US4419094A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-12-06 | The Kendall Company | Suprapubic catheter system |
| US4723543A (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1988-02-09 | Beran Anthony V | Endotracheal tube connector |
| US4569675A (en) * | 1983-09-12 | 1986-02-11 | Infusaid Corporation | Transcutaneous infusion system |
| US4668222A (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1987-05-26 | Thermedics Inc. | Percutaneous access device with removable tube |
| US4593681A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-06-10 | Soni Prasanna L | Stabilizing device for use in arthroscopic and endoscopic surgery |
| US5020534A (en) * | 1985-01-23 | 1991-06-04 | Pell Donald M | Endotracheal tube apparatus and method |
| US4825859A (en) * | 1987-03-11 | 1989-05-02 | Ballard Medical Products | Neonatal closed system for involuntary aspiration and ventilation and method |
| US4838258A (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1989-06-13 | Gibeck-Dryden Corporation | Gas sampling lumen for breathing system |
| WO1991001771A1 (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1991-02-21 | Nellcor Incorporated | Improved airway adapter with purge means |
| US5009227A (en) * | 1989-09-21 | 1991-04-23 | Nieuwstad Peter P | Endotracheal tube holder |
| US5073164A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1991-12-17 | Hollister William H | Suction catheter |
| US5062420A (en) * | 1990-09-18 | 1991-11-05 | Walter Levine | Sealed swivel for respiratory apparatus |
| US5146913A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-09-15 | Asphendiar Khorsandian | Holder and lock for oro-intubation |
| US5257973A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-11-02 | Raul Villasuso | Sealing sleeve and method for laparoscopy |
| US5251616A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1993-10-12 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Adjustable tracheostomy tube assembly |
-
1994
- 1994-09-05 ZA ZA946814A patent/ZA946814B/en unknown
- 1994-09-14 EP EP94928135A patent/EP0793520A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-09-14 JP JP7509840A patent/JPH09502894A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-14 AU AU77288/94A patent/AU7728894A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-14 WO PCT/US1994/010433 patent/WO1995008356A2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0793520A2 (en) | 1997-09-10 |
| WO1995008356A2 (en) | 1995-03-30 |
| WO1995008356A3 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
| AU7728894A (en) | 1995-04-10 |
| ZA946814B (en) | 1996-11-05 |
| EP0793520A4 (en) | 1997-09-10 |
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