JPH0958568A - Motor-drive vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a motor-driven vehicle to improve assembling ability through simple constitution and to improve safety through simple control. SOLUTION: A drive part is arranged on the hub shaft of a wheel, and the drive part incorporates an electric motor 48, a reduction mechanism and a transmission 24. Brake mechanisms 57 and 59 are arranged on an axle 25 in parallel to the transmission 24. The drive part is covered with a casing 21 of which the drive part consists, and by arranging the brake mechanisms in the vicinity of the casing 21, compact constitution is provided, a brake mechanism is protected from the outside, and further 9 heat radiation property is also improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric vehicle equipped with a drive unit on a hub axle of a wheel and driven by an electric drive force.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-33070 (B62M 23/02), in a vehicle with an electric motor, a human power drive system and an electric drive system are provided in parallel, and a human power It is known that the output of the electric drive system is controlled in accordance with the change of. In addition, this type of vehicle is provided with a transmission on the rear wheel axle, an electric motor on the crankshaft, a pedaling force detection unit, etc., and in order to keep the operating speed of the electric motor appropriate, the ratio of the electric motor output to the human driving force is set. The transmission is provided with a controller that is small at the high speed stage and is large at the low speed stage.

However, in the case of the above structure, since it is necessary to provide the rear wheel axle with the transmission and the crankshaft with the electric motor, the structure of the driving portion becomes complicated and the assembling property becomes very poor. . Further, since the transmission and the pedal effort detection unit are configured separately, it is necessary to detect the shift speed of the transmission and correct the output magnitude of the electric drive system with respect to the human-powered driving force, which complicates the control. There was a problem that became. Further, when the brake mechanism is provided, there is a problem that the structure is further increased in size.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle having a simple and compact structure, good assembling ability, and simple control.

[0005]

According to the structure of claim 1 of the present invention, a hub shaft of a wheel is provided with a drive unit, and the drive unit is provided with:
It has a built-in electric motor for driving, a speed reduction mechanism that reduces the rotation speed of the electric motor, and a transmission.The transmission and the speed reduction mechanism are arranged in this order from the axle of the wheel toward the outer periphery, and the axle is parallel to the transmission. Since the brake mechanism is arranged, the output of the electric motor is performed by the transmission when the speed is reduced by the reduction mechanism and the wheels are rotated to change gears. When braking the wheels, a braking force can be applied to a portion that rotates together with the transmission to reduce the rotation of the wheels. Therefore, even if the brake mechanism is arranged in the compact drive unit in which the speed reducer is arranged around the transmission, the structure can be kept compact without increasing the size.

Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, since the brake mechanism is covered by the casing which constitutes the drive section, mud and pebbles scattered around the wheels due to the rotation of the wheels enter the inside of the brake mechanism. There is no end.

Further, according to the third aspect of the invention, since the brake mechanism is arranged in the vicinity of the casing forming the drive portion, the heat generated during the operation of the brake mechanism is radiated by the casing.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 by taking an electric bicycle as an example.

First, the overall structure of the electric bicycle will be described with reference to FIG.

1 is a head pipe 2 provided at the front,
A main frame that is connected to a seat tube 4 provided below the saddle 3 and a pedal 5 that can be rotated manually is attached to a portion where the main frame 1 and the seat tube 4 are connected.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a front wheel which is interlocked with the movement of the steering wheel 7 and whose traveling direction is determined by operating the steering wheel 7. The front wheel 6 is composed of a spoke 8, a rim 9 and a tire 10.

Reference numeral 11 is a rear wheel which is a driving wheel.
The vehicle also includes a tire 12, a rim 13, spokes 14, and a drive unit 15 for driving the rear wheel 11.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a front sprocket that rotates with the rotation of the pedal 5, and the front sprocket 16 has a chain.
17 hangs the rotation of the front sprocket 16 to the drive unit.
The power is transmitted to the rear sprocket 27 provided on the axle 25 of the fifteen.

Reference numeral 18 denotes a battery which serves as a power source of an electric motor 48 described later, and contains a 24-volt NiCd battery.
Further, the battery 18 is removable and can be charged indoors when charging.

Reference numeral 19 is a front basket, and 20 is a stand for supporting the bicycle during parking.

2 and 3 of the drive unit 15 described above.
Shows a specific configuration.

Reference numeral 21 is a disk-shaped fixed side casing fixedly attached to the main frame 1, and 22 is a rotating side casing coaxial with the fixed side casing 21 and rotating outside the fixed side casing 21. The fixed casing 21 and the rotating casing 22 together form a hub. Two annular ribs 23 are formed on the outer circumference of the rotating side casing 22, and spokes 14 are stretched from the annular rib 23 toward a rim 13 to which the tire 12 is attached.

Reference numeral 24 denotes a hub shaft internal transmission (for example, SG-3531 made by Shimano) provided on the axle 25, and the transmission 24 is joined to the rear sprocket 27 via a ratchet 26. That is, the ratchet 26 allows the human power from the chain 17 to be applied only in one direction, and the driving force is cut off when a force is applied to the reverse rotation. The transmission 24 is housed in a cylindrical container 28, and a flange portion 29 is formed on the entire circumference of one side of the container 28. In addition, the transmission 24 has a transmission rod 30 in the hollow portion of the axle 25.
Is slidably inserted in a state of being biased outward,
A gear (not shown) in the transmission 24 is switched by moving the shift rod 30 to the left and right. And
A pusher 31 for holding the shift bar 30 is provided in pressure contact with the shifter 30, and an operation tool (not shown) for operating the pusher 31 is connected by a wire 32 and provided near the handle. is there. In short, when the wire 32 is pulled by the operating tool at hand, the pusher 31 moves, and the gear shift bar 30 moves to change the gear position.

Reference numeral 33 is a cylindrical sleeve which is press-fitted into the container 28 of the transmission 24 and surrounds the outer periphery of the container 28, and the sleeve 33 is screwed to the collar portion 29.

Reference numeral 34 is a rotating plate which is arranged on the outer periphery of the transmission 24 and rotates integrally with the sleeve 33 and the collar portion 29. The rotating plate 34 will be described based on the schematic diagram of the operation shown in FIG.

The rotating plate 34 has a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the container 28 of the transmission 24, is concentric with the transmission 24, and has a pressing rod 35 and a conversion rod 36 axially at two opposing positions. Are integrally molded. The pressing rod 35 is formed in a columnar shape with a bell-shaped surface, and an elastic body, that is, a spring, at the bell-shaped curved surface portion.
Holds down 37. Then, the rotating plate 34 is
Rotate the outer circumference of the transmission 24 while expanding and contracting the spring 37,
It rotates concentrically with 24 by using the outer circumference of the container 28 as a guide. Further, the conversion rod 36 is a rectangular parallelepiped extending in the direction of the axle 25, and is formed obliquely so that its tip portion becomes shorter in the rotation direction.

A spring 37 pressed by the pressing rod 35
The other end is brought into contact with a part of the rotation side casing 22, and the rotation plate 34 and the pressing rod are arranged in the order of transmission of the human-powered driving force.
35, the spring 37 is expanded and contracted to rotate the rotating side casing 22. At this time, the rotating plate 34 rotates while slightly deforming the rotating casing 22 in accordance with the expansion and contraction of the expanded and contracted spring 37. Then, the rotating plate 34 rotates around the transmission 24 in accordance with the strain caused by human power. At this time, at the same time, the conversion rod 36 is also rotated by a slight rotation of the rotating plate 34,
The inclined portion 38 formed by the inclined portion 38 formed at the tip of the conversion rod 36
The chevron portion 39 in contact with is pushed and moves in the direction of the axle 25. A magnetic member, that is, a ring of ferrite 40 is attached to the chevron portion 39, and the ferrite 40 is moved by the movement of the chevron portion 39. At the tip of this ferrite 40, there is C for urging the ferrite 40 toward the rotating plate 34 side.
A ring 41 and a spring 42 are provided. Therefore, the ferrite 40 is moved in the axial direction by the amount that the rotating side casing 22 and the rotating plate 34 are distorted.

Reference numeral 43 denotes a coil provided in the fixed casing 21 near the ferrite 40. The coil 43 can convert a change in inductance due to the approach of the ferrite 40 into an electric signal. Can be used to detect the torque of human power.

The members shown in FIG. 4 are collectively referred to as the torque detector 44.

Although ferrite is used as the magnetic member in the above construction, the ring may be made of a conductive material such as aluminum. Further, the elastic body is a spring, but rubber or the like may be an elastic body, and a scale capable of detecting expansion and contraction of the rubber may be used as the detection unit. Further, the elastic body may be used as pressure-sensitive rubber, and the expanding and contracting pressure may be extracted as an electric signal.

Reference numeral 45 denotes an inner gear screwed to the rotating side casing 21 with a bolt.
In the numeral 45, the tooth portion formed inside is made of reinforced plastic such as polyacetal resin. And
The outer part is made of a metal casing and covers the outer periphery so as to strengthen the inner gear 45.

Reference numeral 46 denotes a shaft cylinder integrally formed with the inner gear 45, and the shaft cylinder 46 is provided between the sleeve 33 and the rotating plate 34.
Bearing so that it rotates smoothly when it rotates
47 are intervening.

Reference numeral 48 is an electric motor built in the fixed casing 21, a belt 50 is attached to an output shaft 49 of the electric motor 48, and the belt 50 is connected to a first pulley 51. The first pulley 51 is rotatably attached to the stationary casing 21 via a bearing 52. Also,
A second pulley 55 is provided coaxially with the first pulley 51 via a one-way clutch 53 and a bearing 54, and the power from the first pulley 51 is transmitted only in one direction. A gear 56 is formed on the second pulley 55, and the gear 56 meshes with the inner gear 45 to rotate the rotating casing 22 by the driving force of the electric motor 48. This one-way clutch 53 is provided to make the driving force from the electric motor 48 and the driving force of human power independent, and does not rotate the electric motor 48 together with the wheels 11 when the bicycle is manually pushed, for example. It is provided to prevent the user from being overloaded by dynamic braking. These speed reducing mechanisms are arranged and housed in an arc shape in a wide space between the outer circumference of the rotating plate 34 and the outer circumference of the stationary casing 21.

Reference numeral 57 is a brake piece which rotates together with the container 28 which is coaxially arranged in parallel with the transmission 24 and which is a brake piece.
Reference numeral 57 denotes a brake case 58 integrally formed with the stationary casing 21 that rotates together with the rear wheel 11 and a brake shoe 59 provided in the brake case 58 by a brake lever (not shown) provided in the handle 7. Is spread and pressed against the brake piece 57 to brake the rotation of the rear wheel 11. The configuration for braking these is called a brake mechanism.

A magnet (not shown) which rotates with the rotation of the casing is attached to the rotating side casing 22, and a reed switch (not shown) for detecting the magnet is provided on the fixed side casing 21. ing. The number of revolutions of the rear wheel 11, that is, the traveling speed can be detected by the number of times the reed switch is input.

Reference numeral 60 denotes a tension pulley which can be adjusted by pressing the tension of the belt 50 connecting the electric motor 48 and the first pulley 51. The tension pulley 60 comprises a roller 61 and a base 62. 62 Slotted hole for fixing one side 63
It is designed to adjust the pressing force against the belt 50.

Next, referring to FIG.
An explanation will be given based on.

First, the human power drive system will be described. The human power given by the pedal 5 is transmitted to the rear sprocket 27 by the chain 17 and is changed by the transmission 24, and then, via the rotating plate 34 and the spring 37. The rear wheel 11 is transmitted by being transmitted to the reduction mechanism 45. Next, the electric drive system will be described. The expansion / contraction amount of the spring 37, that is, the moving distance of the rotating plate 34 is converted into movement in the axle direction by the converting member 36, and the ferrite 40 moves along with the movement. This movement of the ferrite 40 is converted into a change in the inductance of the coil 43, and is input to the control unit 64 as an electric signal. Then, the control unit 64 inputs the signal from the coil 43 and the traveling speed signal from the speed sensor 65, and outputs a drive signal to rotate the electric motor 48 based on the signals. And the electric motor 48
Output is reduced by the reduction mechanism 66 such as the first pulley 51 and the second pulley 55, and the rear wheel 11 rotates. Here, the rear sprocket 27, the speed reduction mechanism 45, the wheel 11, the conversion member 36, and the ferrite 40 are incorporated in the rotating side casing 22, and the control unit 64, the coil 43, the speed sensor 65, the electric motor 48, the speed reduction mechanism 66. Is built in the fixed casing 21.

Next, the operation of the controller 64 will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis shows the speed and the vertical axis shows the assist ratio, that is, the ratio of the electric driving force to the human driving force. Until the predetermined speed H is reached, the driving force is the same as the human driving force. The output from the electric motor is generated by the force, and it always assists at a ratio of 1: 1. When the speed exceeds H, the assist ratio is controlled so as to gradually decrease so that the speed does not become excessive. Finally, the electric driving force becomes zero, and at a speed higher than this, the vehicle travels only by human power.

[0036]

According to the structure of claim 1 of the present invention, the transmission and the reduction mechanism are arranged in this order from the axle of the wheel toward the outer periphery, and the reduction gear is arranged around the transmission to make a compact drive unit. Can be configured. In addition, since a reduction gear mechanism is placed around the transmission, it is possible to use a large number of transmission mechanisms.Moreover, since the brake mechanism is placed in parallel with the transmission on the axle, the reduction gear is placed around the transmission. Even if the brake mechanism is arranged in the compact drive unit, the structure is not increased, and the compact drive unit can be housed in a compact size.

Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, since the brake mechanism is covered by the casing that constitutes the drive unit, mud and pebbles scattered around the wheels due to the rotation of the wheels enter the inside of the brake mechanism. There is no end. That is, the braking by the brake is surely performed, so that the safety is improved.

Further, according to the third aspect of the invention, since the brake mechanism is arranged in the vicinity of the casing which constitutes the drive portion, the heat generated during the operation of the brake mechanism is generated in the casing. That is, the braking force does not decrease due to heat generation, and safety is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a power system diagram that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 3 of the drive section.

FIG. 3 is a plan configuration diagram of the driving unit.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an operation of the torque detector.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the same-manual driving force and the speed of the electric driving force.

FIG. 6 is an overall configuration diagram of the same.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Wheel (rear wheel) 15 Drive part 18 Battery (battery) 48 Electric motor 45 Reduction mechanism 66 Reduction mechanism 24 Transmission 58 Brake case 59 Brake shoe 57 Brake piece

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Hiroyasu Ishihara 2-5-5 Keihan Hon-dori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Toshihiro Sugawara 2-chome, Keihan-hondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka 5-5 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuhisa Matsumoto 2-5-5 Keihan Hondori, Moriguchi City, Osaka Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A wheel axle is provided with a drive unit, and the drive unit includes a drive electric motor, a speed reduction mechanism for reducing the rotational speed of the electric motor, and a transmission, and the axle of the wheel. An electric vehicle characterized in that the transmission and the reduction mechanism are arranged in this order toward the outer periphery, and a brake mechanism is arranged on the axle in parallel with the transmission. 2. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the brake mechanism is covered with a casing that constitutes the drive unit. 3. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the brake mechanism is arranged in the vicinity of a casing forming the drive unit.