JPH0960841A - Detecting method of temporary increasing phenomenon of waste supplying amount in fluidized bed incinerator and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To permit the realization of combustion control system for preventing abnormal combustion condition easily by detecting the occurrence of temporary increasing phenomenon (fall bump) of a waste supplying amount correctly without any malfunction, in a fluidized bed incinerator. SOLUTION: All of waste 6, supplied into a chute 29, is received by waste receiving vessels 32, 32', which are positioned at receiving positions, while the waste 6 in said vessels 32, 32' is discharged out of the chute 29 and is supplied into a furnace while flowing down through the chute 29 when the waste receiving vessels 32, 32' have been moved to the discharging positions. When a part of the waste 6a, received by the receiving vessel 32', shows a configuration that the waste 6a is protruded out of the opening 32'a of the vessel 32', a temporary waste amount increase detecting body 32 is separated from the opening 32'a of the vessel 32' by said waste 6a. The amount of separation is detected and the temporary increasing phenomenon of amount of waste, supplied into the furnace, is detected by the degree of amount of separation.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fluidized bed incinerator in which waste such as municipal waste and various industrial wastes is down-flow fed from a chute into the furnace and burned in a fluidized bed. The present invention relates to a method for detecting a temporary increase phenomenon of the amount of refuse supply for detecting a temporary increase phenomenon, and an apparatus for implementing the same.

A fluidized bed incinerator has a larger hearth load than a stoker furnace, has a small ignition loss, is easy to ignite and stop, and is suitable for incineration of diversified garbage in recent years. Is. By the way, since the combustion speed in the fluidized bed is higher than that in the combustion method in a stoker furnace, etc., if garbage is thrown into the fluidized bed in the form of large lumps, rapid gasification (mass generation of pyrolysis gas) will occur in the furnace. Therefore, the furnace pressure may fluctuate greatly, or a temporary air shortage may occur, resulting in the induction of carbon monoxide and dioxin (hereinafter, such deficiency of air causes the generation of dioxin, etc.). Such a combustion state is called an "abnormal combustion state", and a waste supply state that causes such an abnormal combustion state, that is, a state in which large lumps of waste are supplied from the chute to the inside of the furnace is called "docker drop"). Therefore, in order to perform good and stable dust combustion in the fluidized bed, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of falling stagnation. For this reason, generally, after crushing waste with a crusher, the crushed waste is quantitatively supplied to the chute by a feeder such as a screw feeder, and the finely divided waste is quantitatively fed from the chute into the furnace. It is usually arranged to be supplied.

However, even when the waste is completely crushed by the crusher and fragmented, the fragmented waste is supplied while being supplied to the chute from the quantitative supply means or while flowing down in the chute. Entanglement may result in a large lump, which may cause a drop in the amount of dust, which is a temporary increase in the amount of waste supplied to the furnace. The occurrence of such a drop-off is fatal in the nature of dust regardless of the performance of the crusher, and it is difficult to completely avoid it. By the way, if the waste is highly subdivided with a crusher, troubles due to wear and damage of the crushing blade are likely to occur due to the recent diversification of the shape and properties of the waste,
It is possible to use a coarse crusher that does not cause such troubles so that the waste is only crushed to a certain size, but in such a case, bagged trash or large trash is crushed. The bag may not be crushed, and a large lump of waste may be supplied to the furnace as it is. in this way,
Even if the waste is crushed in advance, regardless of whether it is coarse crushing, large lumps of waste may be supplied from the chute into the furnace, that is, dripping may occur, causing abnormal combustion. The occurrence of a condition is difficult to avoid.

Therefore, recently, it is unavoidable that the falling of decker occurs, and when the falling of docker occurs, the supply amount of combustion air or the like is controlled. For example, the supply amount of secondary combustion air is changed. There is a tendency to employ a combustion control system that eliminates air shortage caused by falling of stagnation by increasing the amount of air from a normal combustion state in which no drop occurs (hereinafter referred to as “normal combustion state”).

Therefore, in order to realize such a combustion control system, it is necessary to accurately detect a temporary increase phenomenon of the amount of dust supplied to the furnace (hereinafter referred to as "dust supply amount"). It is indispensable, and conventionally, as such dust supply amount detecting means, for example, an optical sensor is arranged in the chute, and when there is dust passing through the optical path, it is judged as a fallen stag Instead, a microwave sensor has been proposed.

[0006]

However, in the case where such a sensor is used, the sensor section is exposed in the dust passage area, so that the sensor section becomes dirty or adheres to the sensor section due to long-term use. There is a risk of accumulation, and many malfunctions occur. In addition, since the number of sensor units needs to be increased in order to accurately detect the amount of refuse supplied, the structure becomes complicated. In addition, the greater the number of sensor units installed, the higher the occurrence rate of malfunctions due to stains on the sensor units.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to accurately detect, without malfunction, a drop of a dock, which is a phenomenon of a temporary increase in the amount of dust supplied, and to prevent an abnormal combustion state. A method for detecting a temporary increase in the amount of refuse supply in a fluidized bed incinerator that facilitates the realization of a combustion control system and a device for detecting a temporary increase in the amount of waste supply that can suitably implement this method. It is intended to be provided.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in particular, in a chute for supplying dust downwardly, a receiving position in which an opening faces upward and a discharge position in which the opening faces downward. A plurality of garbage receiving containers that move around the position are provided in parallel along the traveling path, and move forward and backward in the direction opposite to the opening of the receiving container moving from the receiving position to the discharging position. Free temporary dust increase detector,
It is proposed that it be provided in a state in which it is biased to the detection reference position that is in sliding contact with the opening, and all the waste supplied to the chute is received by the waste receiving container located at the receiving position, and this waste receiving container is at the discharge position. When the dust container is operated to discharge the waste, the waste is discharged from the chute into the furnace and the waste received in the waste receiving container is leached from the opening of the container. When the waste container is moving from the receiving position to the discharging position, the dust increases the temporary waste amount increase detector so that it is separated from the opening of the waste container. The amount of waste supplied to the furnace, that is, the amount of waste supplied, is detected as a temporary increase in the amount of waste when the distance from the opening of the temporary waste increase detector exceeds a certain amount. .

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to FIGS. In the following description, for convenience, front and rear mean left and right in FIG. 1, and left and right mean upper and lower in FIG. 5, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 1, the fluidized bed incinerator 1 is provided with a dust inlet 1a and an incineration residue outlet 1b at the front and rear and an exhaust port 1c at the top. In the furnace 1, the incineration residue discharge port 1b is provided from directly below the refuse input port 1a.
An air spouting bed 2 that slopes downward to the rear is provided, and fluidized air that is the primary combustion air is spouted from the air spouting bed 2 by the primary combustion air supply device 3 to form particles of silica sand, alumina, or the like. A fluidized bed 4 made of a fluidized medium is formed. Further, the secondary combustion air is supplied from the secondary combustion air supply device 5 to the secondary combustion region 1d on the fluidized bed 4 in the furnace 1. Therefore, the waste 6 supplied into the furnace 1 through the waste inlet 1a is incinerated while being stirred and fluidized in the fluidized bed 4, and unburned gas (pyrolysis gas) and the like are completely burned (secondary combustion in the second combustion region 1d). It is burned) and discharged from the exhaust port 1c. Exhaust gas generated in the furnace 1 is guided by the draft fan 8 through the exhaust pipe 9 connected to the exhaust port 1c.
The discharge amount is controlled by the pressure maintaining device 11 so as to maintain the furnace pressure within a certain range. Also,
The incineration residue such as incombustibles flows down on the air ejection bed 2 in the direction of its inclination and is discharged from the incineration residue discharge port 1b to the outside of the furnace 1 by the incineration residue discharge device 12. The fluidized medium discharged from the incineration residue discharge port 1b is separated from the incineration residue and returned to the furnace 1.

The primary combustion air supply device 3 is, as shown in FIG. 1, provided in the air boxes 13 and 14 provided under the air jet bed 2, and the secondary combustion is performed by the forced draft fan 15a from the air supply pipe 15 connected thereto. It is designed to supply air for use. The wind box
In the front-rear direction, that is, in the inclination direction of the air ejection bed 2, a first wind box part 13 for supplying primary combustion air to a fluidized bed portion (hereinafter referred to as “dust input layer portion”) 4a in a region directly below the dust input port 1a, The other fluidized bed portion is partitioned into a second wind box portion 14 that supplies primary combustion air.
The second wind box part 14 is further divided into a plurality of wind box parts in the front-rear direction. The downstream portion of the air supply pipe 15 is branched, and the branch pipes 16 and 17 are connected to the wind box part 1 respectively.
It leads to 3,14. A main damper 18 is provided on the upstream side of the air supply pipe 15, and the opening degree of the main damper 18 is set so that the amount of primary combustion air supplied from the air ejection bed 2 to the fluidized bed 4 is set to a normal combustion state. In order to comply with this, it is designed to be automatically controlled. Further, the first wind box part 13
The branch pipe 16 connected to the is provided with a damper 19 for removing a dock, so that the dust introduction layer portion 4 can be used regardless of the main damper 18.
The supply amount of the primary combustion air to a can be controlled. It should be noted that the damper 19 is held in the fully open state in the normal combustion state.

As shown in FIG. 1, the secondary combustion air supply device 5 supplies secondary combustion air from the air supply pipe 21 to the secondary combustion region 1d by the forced draft fan 20. The air supply pipe 21 is provided with a damper 22,
The opening of the damper 22 is automatically controlled so that the amount of secondary combustion air supplied to the secondary combustion region 1d corresponds to the normal combustion state.

As shown in FIG. 1, the in-furnace pressure maintaining device 11 controls the opening degree of a damper 24 provided in the exhaust pipe 9 to determine the opening of the pressure detector 2.
The pressure in the furnace is controlled by the pressure detection signal from the No. 5, and the pressure inside the furnace is maintained at a set pressure according to the normal combustion state. That is, when the pressure detected by the pressure detector 25 is equal to or higher than the set pressure, the opening degree of the damper 24 is increased to decrease the pressure in the furnace, and when the detected pressure is equal to or lower than the set pressure, the opening degree of the damper 24 is decreased. By raising the pressure in the furnace, the pressure in the furnace is maintained within a preset constant range.

The dampers 18, 19, 22, 2 described above
4 is an appropriate combustion control device (hereinafter referred to as "normal combustion control device")
According to the above), the control is performed as described above so as to correspond to the normal combustion state. However, since this normal combustion control device is well known, its details are omitted.

As shown in FIG. 1, the dust 6 is supplied to and stored in the hopper 27 from the dust pit (not shown) by the bucket crane 26, and the dust is injected from the lower end of the hopper 26 by the dust feeder 28. Chute 2 connected to mouth 1a
9 is quantitatively supplied to the fluidized bed 4 through the dust input port 1a after flowing down through the chute 29, but the amount of dust supplied can maintain a normal combustion state (hereinafter referred to as “proper waste amount”).
Is exceeded, that is, whether or not a drop of a waste, which is a temporary increase phenomenon of the waste supply amount, has occurred is detected by the waste supply amount temporary increase phenomenon detection device 30. Note that the dust feeder 28 conveys the dust 6 in the hopper 27 by a constant amount per unit time by a conveying screw that rotates at a constant speed, and the chute 29 from the outlet 28 a.
It is a screw feeder configured to drop and supply to the chute 29, and when the waste 6 supplied to the chute 29 does not include a solid waste, the proper amount of waste 6 is supplied to the chute 29. . Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the chute 29 is a tubular body having a rectangular cross-section which is slanted from the outlet 28a of the dust feeder 28 and is connected to the dust inlet 1a. The dust 6 supplied to the chute 29 by the dust feeder 28 is crushed by a coarse crusher.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the dust supply temporary increase phenomenon detecting device 30 extends in the chute 29 between the receiving position with the opening 32a facing upward and the discharging position facing downward. A plurality of refuse receiving containers 32, ..., which run around and are arranged in parallel along the running path, and the chute 2
It is provided so as to be able to move forward and backward in a direction opposite to the opening 32a of the dust receiving container 32 which is moving from the receiving position to the discharging position in 9 and is biased and held at the detection reference position in sliding contact with the opening 32a. A temporary waste amount increase detector 33,
The temporary dust amount increase detector 34 detects the amount of separation of the temporary dust amount increase detector 33 from the closed position.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the dust receiving containers 32 ... Have the same shape, and the rotary shaft 35 rotatably horizontally supported by the left and right walls 29a, 29a of the chute 29.
Are radially attached to each other to form a rotary valve structure in which the openings 32a are arranged in parallel in the circumferential direction as a whole. Note that, hereinafter, the functions and operations of the dust receiving containers 32 will be described for the specified one dust receiving container 32 '(having the opening 32'a) for convenience.

The dust receiving container 32 'is located at a position within the dust drop supply region from the dust collector 28 by rotating the rotary shaft 35 by an appropriate driving means (motor or the like) 36, and the opening 32'. The opening 32'a passes through the receiving position (the position shown in FIG. 2) in which a faces upward and the detection position (the position shown in FIG. 3A or FIG. 4A) in which the opening 32'a faces laterally. The discharge position (see FIG. 3 (B) or FIG.
It is adapted to be rotated at a predetermined speed on a traveling route to the position shown in (B). That is, the dust dispenser 28
The waste 6 supplied from the chute 29 to the chute 29 is received by the waste receiving container 32 'located at the receiving position (see FIG. 2), and the received waste 6 is received when the waste receiving container 32' is operated to the discharge position. Release from 32 'and shoot 29
It is designed to be fed down into the furnace 1 (Fig. 3
(B), see FIG. 4 (B). In addition, garbage receiving container 32 '
The volume and the rotational speed of the one waste receiving container 32 ′ during the passage through the receiving position are the same as those of the outlet 28 a of the dust feeder 28.
It is set in accordance with the operating speed of the dust collector 28 or the proper amount of waste so that the proper amount of dust dropped from the opening 32'a can be received without being squeezed out. Further, the left and right walls of the waste container 32 ... Are the left and right walls 29 of the chute 29.
It is located close to a and 29a and is devised to prevent the passage of dust from between them as much as possible.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the temporary dust amount increase detector 33 is an arc-shaped plate which substantially matches the outer peripheral surface of the dust container 32, and the left and right walls 29 of the chute 29.
a, 29a, a detection shaft 37 rotatably supported horizontally and a flat plate-shaped arm 38 attached to the detection shaft 37, and a garbage receiver that is moving from a receiving position to a discharging position, that is, a garbage receiver located at a detecting position. It is swingably supported in the front-rear direction while directly facing the opening 32'a of the container 32 '. The chute 29 is provided with a leaf spring 39 which is arranged in the rear direction of the temporary dust amount increase detection body 33 and the arm body 38 and presses the rear surface of the temporary dust amount increase detection body 33.
As shown in FIG. 3A, the temporary dust amount increase detector 33
The opening 3 of the waste container 32 'located at the detection position.
It is biased and held at a detection reference position where it slides against 2'a and closes it. In addition, the temporary waste amount increase detector 33 is
Whatever the rotating state of the dust receiving container 32 ...
It is sized so that it does not interfere with the function of receiving the dust 6 dropped from it and the function of the waste container 32 ′ at the discharge position for discharging the dust 6. Further, the temporary dust amount increase detection body 33 and the arm body 38 are integrally formed, and the left and right ends of the both bodies 33, 38 are the left and right walls 2 of the chute 29.
The arms 38 are close to 9a and 29a, and in the front-rear direction, they interrupt the space between the dust receiving containers 32 ... And the chute wall. From these facts, in addition to preventing the passage of dust from between the chute wall and the dust receiving container 32, as described above, all of the dust 6 dropped and supplied from the dust feeder 28 to the chute 29. Can be received in the garbage receiving container 32 ....

Then, as shown by the chain line in FIG. 2, the dust received in the dust receiving container 32 'located at the receiving position is formed so as to protrude from the opening 32'a (hereinafter referred to as " 6a ”),
As shown in FIG. 4A, when the dust container 32 'reaches the detection position, the temporary dust amount increase detection body 33 moves rearward from the detection reference position against the leaf spring 39 due to the solid dust 6a. Will be done. That is, the temporary dust amount increase detection body 33 is separated from the opening 32′a of the dust receiving container 32 ′, and the separation amount (hereinafter referred to as “detection body separation amount”) is large in the solid waste 6a. The bigger it gets, the bigger it gets. On the other hand, when the waste 6 received in the waste receiving container 32 'is not in the form of lumps, or when it is in the form of lumps and does not leach out of the waste receiving container 32', that is, Shoot 2 from dust machine 28
When the amount of waste supplied to 9 is an appropriate amount of waste, as shown in FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B), the waste receiving body 32 ′ is temporarily moved from the receiving position to the discharge position through the detection position. The target dust amount increase detection body 33 is held at the detection reference position without any displacement. That is, the detector spacing amount remains zero.

Therefore, the amount of dust discharged from the dust container 32 'to the chute 29, that is, the amount of dust supplied from the chute 29 into the furnace 1, that is, the amount of dust supply is appropriate by detecting the amount of separation of the detector. It is possible to accurately grasp and detect whether or not. In addition, in the above-mentioned lump-shaped waste 6a, the opening 32 of the waste receiving container 32 'is provided.
In addition to a large lump of dust that oozes out from the ′ a, small lumps of dust that do not ooze out from the opening 32 ′ a are gathered, but the opening 32 Includes aggregates that will be leached from the ′ 'a and mixtures that will ooze out from the openings 32 ′ a due to the mixture of such small lumps of dust and non-lumps of dust.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the temporary dust amount increase detector 34 controls the rotation angle of the detection shaft 37 when the temporary dust amount increase detector 33 is at the detection reference position (the detector separation amount is The rotation angle of the detection shaft 37 (when it is zero) (hereinafter referred to as "reference angle") is detected as a reference. Therefore, the rotation angle of the detection shaft 37 detected by the temporary dust amount increase detector 34 (that is, the rotation angle with respect to the reference angle, hereinafter referred to as “detection angle”) has a constant correlation with the detection object separation amount ( Since it is in a (proportional relationship), it is possible to detect the distance between the detection bodies by the detection angle, and it is possible to detect whether or not the dust supplied into the furnace 1 is the solid waste 6a and the size of the solid waste 6a. it can. In this embodiment, the temporary increase in dust amount detector 34 is specifically designed to detect only the presence / absence of a falling stagnation, and the detection angle is set to a preset value (hereinafter referred to as "slop falling occurrence value"). It is configured to emit a drop-of-docker detection signal only when the above conditions are met. That is, the value of occurrence of falling shavings is the minimum size of the solid waste 6 that causes falling shavings.
A waste container 32 that has received a (hereinafter, lump-shaped trash having a size equal to or larger than this size is referred to as "dough-falling lump-shaped trash")
′ Is set to the rotation angle of the detection shaft 37 (based on the reference angle) corresponding to the amount of separation of the detection body when passing through the detection position. In addition, since the size of the debris falling solidified dust 6a that causes the abnormal combustion state varies depending on the incineration conditions such as the type of the fluidized bed incinerator 1, it is necessary to set the value for the occurrence of decasing according to the incineration conditions. There is.

According to the temporary increase phenomenon detection device 30 and the temporary increase phenomenon detection method of the dust supply amount as described above, all the dust 6 dropped and supplied from the dust feeder 28 is collected in the dust receiving container 32 ... Received, the amount of waste received in the waste receiving container 32 is reliably and accurately grasped by the amount of separation of the temporary waste amount increase detection body 33, and due to dust contamination such as when using an optical sensor or the like. Since no malfunction occurs at all, it is possible to accurately detect a temporary increase phenomenon in which the amount of dust supplied exceeds an appropriate amount, that is, the occurrence of a drop of a dock. Further, regardless of the amount of dust received in the dust receiving container 32, the opening 32a of the dust receiving container 32 that passes through the detection position is the temporary dust amount increase detector 33 when the detector spacing is 0. If the solidified dust 6a is pinched between the dust receiving container 32 that passes through the detection position and the temporary dust amount increase detection body 33 if the detection object separation amount is not 0, the dust is not collected. The inside of the chute 29 is vertically shielded and sealed at the installation location of the receiving containers 32, so that so-called flashback does not occur. These actions and effects are similarly exerted regardless of whether or not the dust supplied to the chute 29 by the dust feeder 28 has been crushed as described above.

As described above, since the falling stagnation can be accurately detected, even if the falling stagnation is detected, the combustion control device 31 for falling stagnation as described below causes the combustion air supply devices 3 and 5 and the pressure in the furnace. By controlling the maintenance device 11 prior to the control in the normal combustion state, the combustion state similar to the normal combustion state can be maintained, and the occurrence of the abnormal combustion state can be prevented in advance. .

That is,
As shown in FIG.
By the power drop detection signal, the drive of the primary combustion air supply device 3 is stopped.
Damper for mosquito dropper 19 and secondary combustion air supply device 5
The burner 22 and the damper 24 of the in-core pressure maintaining device 11 are normally burned.
Control (preceding operation) takes precedence over control by the baking control device
The dampers 19, 22, and 24 are
A predetermined time T from when the drop detection signal is issued₁,
T₂, T_ThreeAfter the passage of time, the damper opening in the normal combustion state
O₁, O₂, O_ThreeA predetermined amount Δ₁, Δ₂, Δ_ThreeCorrection control
Damper opening Q different from this₁, Q₂, Q_ThreeChanged to
After that, a predetermined time t₁, T₂, T_ThreeCorrected Dan during
Opening Q₁, Q₂, Q_ThreeIs configured to keep
You. In addition, in the following description, the drop detection signal is
The time when it is emitted is called the "detection drop time",
From the time of detection until the damper opening correction control is started
Time T₁, T₂, T_ThreeIs called "control start time".
Damper opening O in normal combustion state₁, O₂, O_ThreeThe
Corrected damper opening Q called "normal opening"₁, Q₂, Q
_ThreeIs called “correction opening”, and the correction amount Δ₁, Δ₂, Δ_Three
Is called the "opening correction amount", and the corrected opening Q₁, Q₂, Q_ThreeTo
Time t to maintain₁, T₂, T_Three"Correction opening maintenance time"
That.

By the way, when the debris-falling solidified dust 6a is thrown into the dust throwing layer portion 4a through the throwing port 1a, it is immediately landed to cause rapid gasification and a large amount of unburned gas is generated. As a result, the secondary combustion air is insufficient to generate dioxins and the like, and the pressure inside the furnace rapidly increases. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of such an abnormal combustion state, the amount of primary combustion air supplied to the dust input layer portion 4a is reduced when the debris falling solidified dust 6a is input to the dust input layer portion 4a. To prevent rapid gasification, that is, to slowly combust and incinerate the scavenging lumps of debris 6a for gasification, and to increase the amount of secondary combustion air supplied to the waste input layer. Eliminating the air shortage in the secondary combustion region 1d due to the gas generated by the combustion and incineration of the debris falling solidified dust 6a in the portion 4a, increasing the amount of exhaust from the exhaust pipe 9, and the secondary gasification of It is necessary to prevent the pressure inside the furnace from increasing due to the increase in the amount of combustion air.

The control start time T ₁ , the opening correction amount Δ ₁ , and the corrected opening maintenance time t ₁ for the damper 19 are set so as to satisfy the following conditions. That is, the control start time T ₁ is the time from when the debris falling solidified dust 6a rocks the temporary debris amount increase detection body 33 to generate the debris falling detection signal until when it is thrown into the dust throwing layer portion 4a. (This time is mainly determined by the length (usually 500 to 1500 mm) of the chute portion from the installation location of the dust receiving container 32 ... to the dust inlet 1a).
Also, in consideration of the time lag from the reception of the stagnation drop detection signal to the operation of the damper 19 to the corrected opening Q ₁ , the stagnation drop combustion control device 31 receiving the stagnation drop detection signal causes the damper 19 to open normally. It is set so that the time point when the operation is completely performed from O ₁ (generally full open) to the correction opening degree Q ₁ and the time point when the above-mentioned debris falling lump dust 6a is thrown into the dust throwing layer portion 4a coincide. Further, the opening correction amount Δ ₁ of the damper 19 is changed from the normal opening O ₁ to the correction opening Q ₁ , so that the supply amount of the primary combustion air to the dust input layer portion 4a is reduced to a solid state dust 6a. Waste input layer part 4
It is set so as to be reduced to such an extent that slow combustion and incineration by a are performed (Q ₁ = O ₁ −Δ ₁ ). Also, the correction opening maintaining time t for maintaining the damper 19 at the correction opening O _1
1 is the shards of debris 6a is the dust input layer part 4a
From the time when the gas is thrown in to the time when the slow gasification can be maintained even when the damper 19 is fully opened O ₁ (the time when the combustion state of the falling lumps of dust 6a becomes the same as in the normal combustion state). It is set. Incidentally, after correction opening maintaining time t _1, the damper 19 is being return control to the normal opening O ₁ by a normal combustion control device, when setting the correction opening maintaining time t ₁ is such return control Consider the time lag from the start time until the damper opening actually returns to the normal opening O ₁ .

Also, the control start time for the damper 22
T₂, Opening correction amount Δ₂, Correction opening maintenance time t₂Article
It is set to satisfy the requirements. That is, control opening
Start time T₂Is a lump fallen dust 6a
Swing the temporary waste volume increase detector 33 to generate an output signal.
From the point of time when the deca fallen solid waste 6a is burned
Due to gasification due to
After receiving the detection signal, the damper 22 corrects the opening Q₂Move to
Detecting a dropout in consideration of the time lag until it is made
The damper 2 is received by the burner control device 31 that has received the signal.
2 is the normal opening O ₂To correction opening Q₂When was operated to
And shortage of air due to combustion of the above-mentioned shavings and dust 6a
It is set to match the time when the phenomenon occurs.
You. In addition, the opening correction amount Δ of the damper 22₂Is the normal opening O
₂To correction opening Q₂Of the secondary combustion air
The amount of supply to the secondary combustion region 1d is the same as that of the supply fluidized bed 4.
Eliminates the air shortage caused by gasification of the lumps of waste 6a
Set to be increased to the amount necessary and sufficient to obtain
(Q₂= O₂+ Δ₂). In addition, the damper 22
Positive opening O₂Correction opening maintenance time t, which is the time to maintain₂
Is when the air shortage occurs
Point (when it is no longer necessary to increase the amount of secondary combustion air)
Is set to time. Note that the correction opening maintenance time
t₂After the passage of, the damper 22 is normally operated by the combustion control device.
Normal opening O₂However, the correction opening maintaining time t
₂From the start of such return control,
The damper opening is actually the normal opening O₂Until the time of returning to
Also consider the time lag.

The control start time T ₃ , the opening correction amount Δ ₃ , and the corrected opening maintenance time t ₃ for the damper 24 are set to satisfy the following conditions. That is, the control start time T ₃ is the time when the damper 2
4 until starts to change the furnace pressure by the time lag and the damper 24 has a damper opening and correction opening Q ₃ from the time of the operation to correct the opening degree Q ₃ to be operated correction opening Q ₃ In consideration of the time lag (mainly determined by the length of the exhaust passage portion from the exhaust port 1c to the installation position of the damper 24) and the like, the debris falling solid waste 6a is a temporary debris to generate a deka falling detection signal. Quantity increase detector 33
The time from the time when the rocker is swung to the time when the furnace pressure starts to increase from the normal combustion state due to the gasification of the debris falling solidified dust 6a and the increase in the secondary combustion air, It is set so that the time until the start of the decrease in the furnace pressure due to the change in the opening degree coincides. Further, the opening correction amount Δ ₃ of the damper 24 is equal to the normal opening O
By changing from ₃ to the correction opening Q ₃ , the pressure corresponding to the increase in the reactor internal pressure due to the gasification of the debris falling solidified dust 6a and the increase in the secondary combustion air is reduced, that is, the reactor internal pressure Is set to maintain the same level as the internal pressure in the normal combustion state (Q ₃ = O ₃ +
Δ ₃ ). Further, the correction opening maintaining time t ₃ for maintaining the damper 24 at the correction opening Q ₃ is equal to the correction opening Q
_{Even when the} normal opening degree O ₃ is returned to from ₃ , the pressure in the furnace is set to the normal combustion state. Incidentally, after correction opening maintaining time t ₃ is the damper 24 is return control to the normal opening O ₃ by conventional combustion control device, when setting the correction opening maintaining time t _3, the
A time lag from the time when the return control is started to the time when the damper opening is actually returned to the normal opening O ₃ is also considered.

As described above, when the dampers 19, 22 and 24 are operated in advance prior to the control by the normal combustion control device, gasification due to the combustion of the stagnation debris-like dust 6a and the resulting air shortage and furnace pressure Is not generated at the same time, and in response to the deka drop detection signal, the deka drop combustion control device 31 causes the dampers 19, 22, 2
Considering that there is a time lag between the time when the opening degree control of 4 is performed and the time when the increase or decrease in the combustion air amount or the change in the furnace pressure due to the actual change of the damper opening occurs,
Combined with the accurate detection of falling stagnation as described above, it is possible to effectively prevent the abnormal combustion state from occurring even when the falling stagnation occurs, which hinders the continuous operation of the fluidized bed incinerator 1. It can be carried out satisfactorily and efficiently. The control start time T, the correction opening maintenance time t, and the opening correction amount Δ are set based on the experimental data obtained under the same conditions using the fluidized bed incinerator 1 or the same incinerator. Generally, T ₁ ≦ 2 seconds, T ₂ ≦ 5
Seconds, T ₃ ≤5 seconds, 3 seconds ≤t ₁ ≤10 seconds, 3 seconds ≤t ₂ ≤1
It is preferable to set 0 seconds, 3 seconds ≦ t ₃ ≦ 10 seconds, and the opening correction amount Δ ₁ is set so that the supply amount of the primary combustion air to the dust input layer portion 4a is reduced by 3 to 10%. Further, the opening correction amount Δ ₂ is set so that the supply amount of the secondary combustion air is increased by 3 to 10%, and the opening correction amount Δ ₃ is set in the furnace pressure of 3 to 10%.
It is preferable to set it so that it is reduced by%.

The configuration of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be appropriately changed and improved without departing from the basic principle of the present invention.

For example, the dust receiving containers 32 may be configured to move around on a fixed path by an endless chain or the like. In addition, the temporary waste amount increase detector 33
May be configured to move forward and backward in a direction orthogonal to the opening 32 of the dust receiving container 32 located at the detection position instead of swinging as described above. Further, the temporary increase in dust amount detector 34 may be a device that directly detects the amount of separation of the detection bodies. In addition, the temporary waste amount increase detector 34 is
As described above, not only the presence or absence of falling shavings is detected, but the amount of dust received by the dust receiving container 32 may be detected in multiple stages. That is, it is possible to detect the degree of the drop of the drape in a plurality of stages corresponding to the amount of separation of the detection body. Even when such detection is performed, it can be dealt with by only changing the set value in the temporary increase in amount of dust detector 34, so that the temporary increase in dust supply phenomenon detection device 30 becomes complicated. There is nothing to do. Of course, in such a case, it is possible to control each of the devices 3, 4 and 10 in a plurality of stages in accordance with the degree of the amount of supplied dust (amount of debris), and perform extremely precise combustion control. be able to. For example, the control of the dampers 19, 22, 24 by the falling-off combustion control device 31 is made different depending on whether the amount of separation of the detection body is H ₁ or H ₂ (> H ₁ ). Further, in order to prevent the occurrence of an abnormal combustion state due to falling of stagnation, it is optimal to control the combustion conditions to be ~, but depending on the incineration conditions of the fluidized bed incinerator 1, the operating conditions, etc. The control may be performed so that, or only the control may be performed. This is because it is the most important to eliminate the shortage of secondary combustion air in order to prevent spillage and falling shavings.

[0033]

As can be easily understood from the above description, according to the present invention, the occurrence of the phenomenon of temporary increase in the amount of dust supplied to the furnace (falling of stagnation) as described at the beginning is as follows. It is possible to detect reliably and accurately without causing the problem as in the case of using a sensor or the like. Therefore, it is possible to easily and effectively take measures against falling shavings such as controlling the supply amount of secondary combustion air, prevent abnormal combustion conditions from occurring, and operate the fluidized bed incinerator stably and satisfactorily. It becomes possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional side view showing an example of a fluidized bed incinerator equipped with a dust supply temporary increase phenomenon detection device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view showing a main part of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view showing an operating state in the case where no dropout occurs.
FIG.

FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing an operating state in the case where a drop of a drop occurs.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along the line VV of FIG. 2;

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Fluidized bed incinerator, 1a ... Garbage input port, 1c ... Exhaust port,
1d ... secondary combustion region, 3 ... primary combustion air supply device, 4
... fluidized bed, 4a ... dust input layer portion (fluidized layer portion immediately below the dust input port), 5 ... secondary combustion air supply device, 6
… Garbage, 6a… Solid trash (garbage that has a form that protrudes from the opening of the trash receiving container), 9 ... Exhaust pipe, 11
… In-furnace pressure maintaining device, 13… first wind box part, 14… second
Wind box part, 18, 19, 22, 24 ... Damper, 28 ... Dust feeder, 29 ... Chute, 30 ... Temporary increase phenomenon detection device for dust supply amount, 31 ... Doka falling combustion control device, 32,
32 '... Garbage receiving container, 32a, 32'a ... Opening part, 3
3 ... Temporary waste amount increase detector, 34 ... Temporary waste amount increase detector, 37 ... Detection shaft, 39 ... Leaf spring.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. In a fluidized bed incinerator in which refuse is supplied from a chute into the furnace, the opening is circulated in the chute between a receiving position where the opening faces upward and a discharging position where the opening faces downward. A plurality of garbage receiving containers are provided in parallel along the circulation path, and a temporary amount of waste increase detector that can move back and forth in the direction opposite to the opening of the receiving container moving from the receiving position to the discharging position. Is installed in a state in which it is biased to the detection reference position that is in sliding contact with the opening, and all the waste supplied to the chute is received by the waste receiving container located at the receiving position, and this waste receiving container operates at the discharge position. When the waste is discharged, the waste in the container is discharged so that the waste is supplied from the chute into the furnace, and the waste received in the waste receiving container is leached from the opening of the container. Also In this case, while the waste container is moving from the receiving position to the discharging position, the temporary increase in the amount of waste can be separated from the opening of the waste container by the waste, and The amount of waste supplied in the fluidized bed incinerator is characterized by detecting a temporary increase in the amount of waste supplied into the furnace based on the degree of separation of the waste increase detector from the opening. Temporary increase phenomenon detection method. 2. A fluidized bed incinerator in which refuse is supplied downward from a chute into the furnace, and the opening moves in the chute between a receiving position where the opening faces upward and a discharging position where the opening faces downward. A plurality of garbage receiving containers arranged in parallel along the circulation path, and a retractable container provided in the chute in a direction opposite to the opening of the receiving container moving from the receiving position to the discharging position. A temporary dust amount increase detector that is biased and held at a detection reference position that is in sliding contact with the section, and a temporary dust amount increase detector that detects the amount of separation of the temporary dust amount increase detector from the detection reference position. Then
All waste supplied to the chute is received by the waste receiving container located at the receiving position, and when this waste receiving container is operated to the discharge position, the waste inside the container is discharged and is fed down from the chute into the furnace. In addition, when the waste received in the waste receiving container is in the form of protruding from the opening of the container, while the waste receiving container moves from the receiving position to the discharging position, 2. A device for detecting a temporary increase in the amount of waste in a fluidized bed incinerator, characterized in that the temporary increase in waste amount detector is configured to be separated from the opening of the waste container by the waste.