JPH0987806A - Metal antibacterial material - Google Patents
Metal antibacterial materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0987806A JPH0987806A JP24785295A JP24785295A JPH0987806A JP H0987806 A JPH0987806 A JP H0987806A JP 24785295 A JP24785295 A JP 24785295A JP 24785295 A JP24785295 A JP 24785295A JP H0987806 A JPH0987806 A JP H0987806A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- antibacterial
- copper
- aluminum
- metal
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、台所まわり、トイ
レまわり等の家庭内水まわり部材、壁や柱、屋根などの
建材、熱交換器や復水器等の配管系統などの材料におい
て抗菌性を有する金属系材料に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to antibacterial properties in materials for household water supply such as kitchens and toilets, building materials such as walls, columns and roofs, and piping systems such as heat exchangers and condensers. The present invention relates to a metal-based material having
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】金属系抗菌材としては、銀、銅、もしく
はこれらを錯体としてセラミックス材料に担持させたも
のが従来より知られている。しかし、何れの材料も、当
初は抗菌性を示すものの、表面に酸化皮膜が形成されて
その効果が低減するといった欠点があったり、抗菌性が
微弱であるといった欠点や、あるいは加工性が悪く、工
業的に使用しづらい等の欠点を抱えている。また、これ
らの材料は、時間とともに色あせたイメージになるた
め、広く適用されていない。また、有機系の抗菌材も種
々市販されているが、安全性の点でまだ確立されていな
いものも多い。2. Description of the Related Art As a metal-based antibacterial material, silver, copper, or a material in which a complex thereof is supported on a ceramic material has been conventionally known. However, all materials, although initially exhibiting antibacterial properties, have the drawback that an oxide film is formed on the surface to reduce the effect, or the antibacterial properties are weak, or the processability is poor, It has drawbacks such as difficulty in industrial use. Also, these materials have not been widely applied, as they produce a faded image over time. In addition, although various organic antibacterial materials are commercially available, many of them have not yet been established in terms of safety.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記の技術
背景を考慮し、安定した抗菌性を持つとともに、さらに
プレスや切断等の工業的な加工性が良好で、かつ耐食性
の点でも問題なく使用できる金属系材料を提供すること
を目的とするものである。In view of the above technical background, the present invention has a stable antibacterial property, has good industrial processability such as pressing and cutting, and has a problem in corrosion resistance. The object is to provide a metal-based material that can be used without any use.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明においては、材料
のベース金属として、最も多く使用されている鉄を用い
た。鉄自体にも抗菌性はあるが、非常に弱く、また鉄の
みでは耐食性もなく、工業材料としては使用できない。
このため、抗菌性を付与する金属として、安価で、人体
に対して安全であり、かつ抗菌性のある金属として広く
知られている銅を用いた。In the present invention, the most frequently used iron was used as the base metal of the material. Although iron itself has antibacterial properties, it is very weak, and iron alone has no corrosion resistance and cannot be used as an industrial material.
Therefore, as the metal imparting the antibacterial property, copper is used, which is inexpensive, safe for the human body, and widely known as an antibacterial metal.
【０００５】抗菌のメカニズムは、抗菌作用のある金属
がイオンとなって環境中に溶け出すことで、菌や藻に作
用を与えることによる。すなわち、抗菌性を示すには最
低限の金属イオンが溶解する合金設計が必要である。ス
テンレス鋼のように非常に緻密で安定な皮膜が形成され
る合金では抗菌性を示さない。しかし、安定な皮膜がな
く、溶解速度があまりに速い合金では、劣化が激しく、
工業製品にはなり得ない。この点から、鉄に単純に銅を
添加しただけでは実用材料にはならない。すなわち、鉄
と銅はお互い固溶度がなく、２相組織となり、鉄と銅と
で局部電池を形成して、高湿度雰囲気では鉄が非常な速
度で酸化し、赤錆が発生してしまうのである。また、加
工中にその相境界から破断し、工業材料としては難があ
った。金属系の抗菌材料を設計するには、抗菌性のみな
らず、加工性、耐食性等の要素も検討する必要がある。The antibacterial mechanism is that metal having an antibacterial effect acts as an ion and dissolves in the environment, thereby exerting an effect on fungi and algae. That is, to show antibacterial properties, it is necessary to design an alloy capable of dissolving a minimum amount of metal ions. An alloy that forms a very dense and stable film such as stainless steel does not show antibacterial properties. However, in the case of alloys that do not have a stable film and whose dissolution rate is too fast, deterioration is severe,
It cannot be an industrial product. From this point, simply adding copper to iron is not a practical material. That is, since iron and copper do not have solid solubility with each other and have a two-phase structure, a local battery is formed by iron and copper, and iron oxidizes at a very high rate in a high humidity atmosphere to cause red rust. is there. Further, it breaks from the phase boundary during processing, which is difficult as an industrial material. In designing a metal-based antibacterial material, it is necessary to consider not only antibacterial properties but also factors such as workability and corrosion resistance.
【０００６】本発明者らは、これらの問題点について鋭
意検討し、種々の実験と検討を加えた結果、本発明を完
成するに至った。すなわち、本発明の要旨とするところ
は下記のとおりである。 （１）重量比で、アルミニウム２〜１０％、クロム３〜
１０％、銅１〜１０％、カーボン０．１％以下、残部鉄
および不可避的不純物を含むことを特徴とする金属系抗
菌材料。The inventors of the present invention have made earnest studies on these problems, and as a result of various experiments and studies, the present invention has been completed. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) By weight, aluminum is 2-10%, and chromium is 3-
A metal-based antibacterial material comprising 10%, 1 to 10% copper, 0.1% or less of carbon, the balance iron and inevitable impurities.
【０００７】（２）前項（１）記載の材料において、さ
らにニッケルおよび／またはモリブデンを重量比で０．
２〜４％含むことを特徴とする金属系抗菌材料。 （３）前項（１）または（２）記載の材料において、さ
らにボロンを重量比で０．０００１〜０．００５％含む
ことを特徴とする金属系抗菌材料。 以下、本発明における各合金元素の含有量を前記の範囲
に限定した理由を述べる。(2) In the material described in the above item (1), nickel and / or molybdenum is added in a weight ratio of 0.
A metal-based antibacterial material containing 2 to 4%. (3) The metal-based antibacterial material as described in the above item (1) or (2), further containing 0.0001 to 0.005% by weight of boron. Hereinafter, the reason why the content of each alloying element in the present invention is limited to the above range will be described.
【０００８】アルミニウムは、本発明においては最も重
要な金属である。すなわち、アルミニウムは適度に安定
な皮膜を形成するという効果と、加工性を改善するとい
う効果の２つの効果を付与するからである。前述したよ
うに、銅−鉄だけでは耐食性がなく、高湿度雰囲気では
赤錆が発生してしまうのに対し、アルミニウムを２％以
上添加することにより、耐食性が大幅に改善され、錆の
発生が皆無となる。抗菌材の使用雰囲気は、大気中や水
分の多いところであるから、耐食性は必須の要素であ
る。また、アルミニウムの添加により高温での耐酸化性
も向上し、１０００℃近くの高温まで耐酸化性を示す。
また、銅−鉄だけでは加工性が悪く、特に熱間加工性が
非常に乏しく、熱間加工試験でＲＡ（破断減面率）が２
０％程度しかない。このため、板や箔、線、何れの形状
にも加工できなかった。ＲＡ＝２０％というのは、ほと
んど変形しない材料の値であり、通常の工業材料では７
０〜８０％を示す。しかし、アルミニウムを２％以上添
加することによりＲＡは８０％にまでなり、非常に加工
性が良好になる。圧延では、１００ｍｍ厚みのインゴッ
トからスタートし、最終的には数１０μｍの箔まで加工
が可能になった。また、線引き加工も可能で、１２ｍｍ
径の棒から１０μｍ程度の細線まで加工が可能になっ
た。さらに引張強度も上昇し、銅−鉄だけでは引張強度
は３０〜５０ｋｇ／ｍｍ2 であるのに対し、アルミニウ
ムの添加により５０〜１００ｋｇ／ｍｍ2 程度に上昇し
た。しかし、アルミニウムの添加量が１０％を超えると
金属間化合物を形成し、逆に加工性が劣化する。アルミ
ニウムは耐食性を改善するが、耐食性の向上と抗菌性と
は表裏の関係にある。すなわち、抗菌性がよいというこ
とは、銅イオンが溶け出すことで、耐食性はその反対に
金属イオンが溶け出さないことを意味するからであり、
この兼ね合いが重要である。この観点から、アルミニウ
ムが１０％を超えると耐食性はよくなるが、抗菌性は低
下してくる。これは、アルミニウムが表面で酸化アルミ
ニウムとなって緻密な皮膜を形成するためであり、高ア
ルミニウム濃度ほど皮膜が形成されやすく、銅や鉄のイ
オンが溶出し難くなるためと考えられる。また、アルミ
ニウムを１０％を超えて添加すると、銅相中に脆いβ相
が形成され、熱疲労強度が劣化する。Aluminum is the most important metal in the present invention. That is, aluminum has two effects, that is, an effect of forming a moderately stable film and an effect of improving workability. As described above, copper-iron alone has no corrosion resistance, and red rust occurs in a high humidity atmosphere, but by adding 2% or more of aluminum, the corrosion resistance is significantly improved and no rust is generated. Becomes Since the atmosphere in which the antibacterial material is used is in the atmosphere or where there is a lot of water, corrosion resistance is an essential element. Further, the addition of aluminum also improves the oxidation resistance at high temperatures, and shows the oxidation resistance up to high temperatures near 1000 ° C.
Further, the workability is poor only with copper-iron, and particularly the hot workability is very poor, and the RA (breakage reduction rate) is 2 in the hot working test.
There is only about 0%. Therefore, it could not be processed into any shape such as a plate, a foil, or a wire. RA = 20% is the value of a material that hardly deforms, and is 7 for ordinary industrial materials.
Indicates 0 to 80%. However, by adding 2% or more of aluminum, RA becomes 80% and the workability becomes very good. In rolling, starting from an ingot with a thickness of 100 mm, it was finally possible to process a foil with a thickness of several tens of μm. Also, wire drawing is possible, 12 mm
It is possible to process from a diameter bar to a fine wire of about 10 μm. Even further increased tensile strength, copper - alone tensile strength iron whereas a 30 to 50 kg / mm 2, it was increased to about 50 to 100 / mm 2 by the addition of aluminum. However, if the added amount of aluminum exceeds 10%, an intermetallic compound is formed, and conversely the workability deteriorates. Aluminum improves the corrosion resistance, but the improvement in the corrosion resistance and the antibacterial property are in a front-back relationship. That is, good antibacterial property means that copper ions are dissolved, and corrosion resistance means that metal ions are not dissolved, on the contrary.
This tradeoff is important. From this viewpoint, if aluminum content exceeds 10%, the corrosion resistance is improved, but the antibacterial property is deteriorated. This is because aluminum becomes aluminum oxide on the surface to form a dense film, and the higher the aluminum concentration, the more easily the film is formed, and the ions of copper and iron are less likely to be eluted. Further, if aluminum is added in an amount of more than 10%, a brittle β phase is formed in the copper phase, and the thermal fatigue strength deteriorates.
【０００９】クロムはアルミニウムと同様に耐食性を改
善する元素である。クロムは３％以上の添加で効果があ
り、また１０％を超えると加工性が悪化する。クロムは
アルミニウムとの共存状態において、耐食性と高温耐酸
化性を著しく改善する。高温耐酸化性では１０００℃の
大気中でも黒変することがなかった。銅の範囲は１〜１
０％とする。銅は１％未満の添加では抗菌性に効果がな
い。また、銅の添加量が多いほど熱間加工時に割れが発
生しやすくなるため、加工性の点からは低い方が望まし
い。抗菌性の効果は１０％で飽和するので、熱間加工時
の割れを考慮して、銅の上限値を１０％とした。Chromium, like aluminum, is an element that improves corrosion resistance. Chromium is effective when added in an amount of 3% or more, and if it exceeds 10%, workability deteriorates. Chromium significantly improves corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance in the coexistence state with aluminum. With respect to high-temperature oxidation resistance, blackening did not occur even in the atmosphere of 1000 ° C. Copper range is 1 to 1
0% Addition of less than 1% of copper has no effect on antibacterial properties. Further, as the amount of copper added increases, cracks are more likely to occur during hot working, so a lower level is desirable from the standpoint of workability. Since the antibacterial effect is saturated at 10%, the upper limit of copper was set to 10% in consideration of cracking during hot working.
【００１０】カーボンは０．１％を超えると耐食性が劣
化するため、０．１％を上限とした。When carbon exceeds 0.1%, the corrosion resistance deteriorates, so 0.1% was made the upper limit.
【００１１】次に本発明における選択元素について述べ
る。ニッケルはクロムとの共存状態で本発明材料の耐食
性を向上させる。また、ニッケルを添加すると銅相が強
化されるとともに、鉄相がオーステナイト組織になって
高温強度が確保できる他、組織が微細化して滑らかな表
面となる。しかし、ニッケルの添加はコストアップの原
因となるので、その効果との兼ね合いとなる。０．２％
未満の添加ではその効果が認められず、また４％で効果
が飽和し、加工性も低下するので、ニッケルの範囲を
０．２〜４％とした。Next, the selective elements in the present invention will be described. Nickel improves the corrosion resistance of the material of the present invention in the coexistence state with chromium. Further, when nickel is added, the copper phase is strengthened, the iron phase becomes an austenite structure and high temperature strength can be secured, and the structure becomes finer to have a smooth surface. However, the addition of nickel causes a cost increase, which is a balance with the effect. 0.2%
If the addition amount is less than 4, the effect will not be recognized, and the effect will be saturated at 4% and the workability will be deteriorated, so the range of nickel was made 0.2 to 4%.
【００１２】モリブデンもクロムとの共存状態で本発明
材料の耐食性を向上させる。０．２％未満の添加ではそ
の効果が認められず、また４％で効果が飽和し、加工性
も低下するので、モリブデンの範囲を０．２〜４％とし
た。本発明材料は、熱間加工時に割れが発生しやすい。
このため、種々検討した結果、ボロン添加が効果的であ
ることが判明した。ボロンは０．０００１％以上の添加
で効果があり、また０．００５％で効果が飽和するの
で、その範囲を０．０００１〜０．００５％とした。Molybdenum also improves the corrosion resistance of the material of the present invention in the coexistence state with chromium. The effect is not recognized with the addition of less than 0.2%, and the effect is saturated at 4% and the workability is deteriorated, so the range of molybdenum was set to 0.2 to 4%. The material of the present invention is likely to crack during hot working.
Therefore, as a result of various studies, it was found that the addition of boron is effective. Boron is effective when added in an amount of 0.0001% or more, and the effect is saturated at 0.005%, so the range was made 0.0001 to 0.005%.
【００１３】本発明材料は、台所まわり、トイレまわり
等の家庭内水まわり部材、壁や柱、屋根などの建材、熱
交換器や復水器等の配管系統などの抗菌性が要求される
部材として使用されるものであるが、その他の抗菌性を
要求される金属材料分野にも適用できる。また、本発明
材料は、細菌のみならず、青かびや黒かび等の真菌類に
対しても有効であり、さらに、ふじつぼやむらさき貝の
ような海生生物が付着しないという効果がある。The material of the present invention is a member for water supply in the home such as around kitchens and toilets, a building material such as walls, columns and roofs, a pipe system such as heat exchangers and condensers, which is required to have antibacterial properties. However, it can also be applied to the field of other metallic materials that require antibacterial properties. Further, the material of the present invention is effective not only against bacteria but also against fungi such as blue mold and black mold, and further has an effect that marine organisms such as barnacles and purple shellfish do not adhere to it.
【００１４】[0014]
〔実施例１〕重量比で、アルミニウムが２％、５％、８
％、１０％の４水準で、クロム５％、銅７％、カーボン
０．００１％、残部鉄および不可避的不純物を含む板を
作成し、この板から１０ｍｍ角の試料を作成して、ハロ
ー法により測定した。ハロー法は、大腸菌を混合して作
成した寒天培地に試料を乗せ、３７℃の恒温槽で２４時
間保持した後、無菌域の半径を測定する方法である。[Example 1] Aluminum is 2%, 5%, 8% by weight.
%, 10% at 4 levels, a plate containing chromium 5%, copper 7%, carbon 0.001%, balance iron and inevitable impurities is prepared, and a 10 mm square sample is prepared from this plate, and the halo method is used. It was measured by. The halo method is a method in which a sample is placed on an agar medium prepared by mixing Escherichia coli, kept in a 37 ° C. thermostat for 24 hours, and then the radius of the aseptic region is measured.
【００１５】比較例としては、抗菌性のある材料として
純銅を使用し、また抗菌性のない例としてＳＵＳ３０４
の板を使用した。As a comparative example, pure copper is used as an antibacterial material, and SUS304 is used as an example having no antibacterial property.
Used a plate.
【００１６】[0016]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１７】実施例では何れも抗菌性があることが確認
でき、さらにアルミニウム濃度が低い方が抗菌性が強い
ことが判明した。無酸素銅では無菌領域は広いものの表
面が変色した。In the examples, it was confirmed that all of them had antibacterial properties, and it was found that the lower the aluminum concentration, the stronger the antibacterial properties. With oxygen-free copper, the sterilized area was large, but the surface discolored.
【００１８】〔実施例２〕重量比で、銅７％、アルミニ
ウム６％、クロムが３％、５％、７％、１０％の４水準
で、カーボン０．００５％、残部鉄および不可避的不純
物を含む板を作成し、この板から１０ｍｍ角の試料を作
成して、ハロー法により測定した。菌は黄色ブドウ球菌
を用いた。Example 2 By weight ratio, four levels of 7% copper, 6% aluminum, 3% chromium, 5%, 7% and 10% carbon, 0.005% carbon, balance iron and unavoidable impurities Was prepared, and a 10 mm square sample was prepared from this plate and measured by the halo method. Staphylococcus aureus was used as the bacterium.
【００１９】比較例としては、抗菌性のある材料として
純銅を使用し、また抗菌性のない例としてＳＵＳ３０４
の板を使用した。As a comparative example, pure copper is used as a material having antibacterial properties, and SUS304 is used as an example having no antibacterial properties.
Used a plate.
【００２０】[0020]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２１】実施例では何れも抗菌性があることが確認
でき、さらにクロム濃度が低い方が抗菌性が強いことが
判明した。無酸素銅では無菌領域は広いものの表面が変
色した。In the examples, it was confirmed that all of them have antibacterial properties, and it was found that the lower the chromium concentration, the stronger the antibacterial properties. With oxygen-free copper, the sterilized area was large, but the surface discolored.
【００２２】〔実施例３〕重量比で、アルミニウム６
％、クロム７％、銅２％、カーボン０．００５％、ニッ
ケル、モリブデンを表３に示すような量で含み、残部鉄
および不可避的不純物を含むサンプルを調整して、ハロ
ー法を行った。菌は大腸菌を使用し、ハロー半径１２ｍ
ｍ以上を○とした。[Example 3] Aluminum 6 by weight ratio
%, Chromium 7%, copper 2%, carbon 0.005%, nickel and molybdenum in the amounts shown in Table 3, and a sample containing the balance iron and unavoidable impurities was prepared and the halo method was performed. Escherichia coli is used as the bacterium, and the halo radius is 12 m.
A value of m or more was ◯.
【００２３】また、耐食性は、塩水噴霧法ＪＩＳＺ２３
７１により、２４時間後全く発錆のないものを◎、１〜
３個発錆のものを○、４個以上のものを×とした。Corrosion resistance is determined by the salt spray method JISZ23.
71, no corrosion occurs after 24 hours, ◎, 1
Three rusted ones were marked with ◯ and four or more rusted ones were marked with x.
【００２４】[0024]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２５】実施例では何れも抗菌性があることが確認
でき、耐食性が非常に優れていることが判明した。In each of the examples, it was confirmed that they have antibacterial properties, and it was found that the corrosion resistance was very excellent.
【００２６】〔実施例４〕重量比で、アルミニウム５
％、クロム４％、銅７％、カーボン０．０１５％、ニッ
ケル、モリブデン、ボロンを表４に示すような量で含
み、残部鉄および不可避的不純物を含むサンプルを調整
して、９５０℃で圧延したときの割れの状況を調査し
た。割れ状況の評価は、１００ｍｍ当たりの割れの発生
個数が０のものを○、１〜５個の場合を△、６個以上を
×とした。Example 4 Aluminum 5 by weight ratio
%, Chromium 4%, copper 7%, carbon 0.015%, nickel, molybdenum, and boron in the amounts shown in Table 4, and the balance iron and inevitable impurities were prepared and rolled at 950 ° C. The situation of cracking when doing was investigated. In the evaluation of the cracking condition, the case where the number of cracks generated per 100 mm was 0 was ◯, the case of 1 to 5 was Δ, and the case of 6 or more was x.
【００２７】[0027]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００２８】実施例では何れも割れの発生が皆無であ
り、良好な結果を示した。また、比較例も本発明の範囲
であり、やや割れが発生したが、グラインダーなどの手
入れにより問題なく板まで圧延できた。また、何れのサ
ンプルも抗菌性があった。In all of the examples, no cracks were generated and good results were shown. In addition, the comparative example is also within the scope of the present invention, and although some cracking occurred, it could be rolled into a plate without problems by taking care of the grinder and the like. Moreover, all the samples were antibacterial.
【００２９】[0029]
【発明の効果】重量比で、アルミニウム２〜１０％、ク
ロム３〜１０％、銅１〜１０％、カーボン０．１％以下
を含み、あるいはさらにニッケルおよび／またはモリブ
デンを重量比で０．２〜４％含み、あるいはさらにボロ
ンを０．０００１〜０．００５％含み、残部鉄および不
可避的不純物を含む本発明の抗菌材料により、耐食性、
加工性の優れた抗菌材を得ることができる。By weight ratio, aluminum contains 2-10%, chromium 3-10%, copper 1-10%, carbon 0.1% or less, or nickel and / or molybdenum 0.2% by weight. ~ 4%, or 0.0001 to 0.005% boron, with the balance iron and unavoidable impurities, antibacterial material of the present invention, corrosion resistance,
An antibacterial material having excellent workability can be obtained.
Claims (3)
ロム３〜１０％、銅１〜１０％、カーボン０．１％以
下、残部鉄および不可避的不純物を含むことを特徴とす
る金属系抗菌材料。1. A metal-based antibacterial which is characterized by containing 2 to 10% by weight of aluminum, 3 to 10% of chromium, 1 to 10% of copper, 0.1% or less of carbon, the balance iron and inevitable impurities. material.
ッケルおよび／またはモリブデンを重量比で０．２〜４
％含むことを特徴とする金属系抗菌材料。2. The material according to claim 1, further comprising nickel and / or molybdenum in a weight ratio of 0.2 to 4.
% Antibacterial metal material.
さらにボロンを重量比で０．０００１〜０．００５％含
むことを特徴とする金属系抗菌材料。3. The material according to claim 1 or 2,
Furthermore, a metal-based antibacterial material containing 0.0001 to 0.005% by weight of boron.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24785295A JPH0987806A (en) | 1995-09-26 | 1995-09-26 | Metal antibacterial material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24785295A JPH0987806A (en) | 1995-09-26 | 1995-09-26 | Metal antibacterial material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0987806A true JPH0987806A (en) | 1997-03-31 |
Family
ID=17169618
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24785295A Withdrawn JPH0987806A (en) | 1995-09-26 | 1995-09-26 | Metal antibacterial material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0987806A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998013530A1 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-02 | Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Antimicrobial austenitic stainless steel and process for preparing the same |
| JP2007535651A (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2007-12-06 | リグルファ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Heat exchanger and equipment for extracting heat from wastewater |
| JP2010156035A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-15 | Ind Technol Res Inst | Antibacterial alloy coating composition |
-
1995
- 1995-09-26 JP JP24785295A patent/JPH0987806A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998013530A1 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-02 | Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Antimicrobial austenitic stainless steel and process for preparing the same |
| JP2007535651A (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2007-12-06 | リグルファ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Heat exchanger and equipment for extracting heat from wastewater |
| JP4871858B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2012-02-08 | リヨネーズ デ ゾ | Heat exchanger and equipment for extracting heat from wastewater |
| JP2010156035A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-15 | Ind Technol Res Inst | Antibacterial alloy coating composition |
| TWI402363B (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2013-07-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Antibiotic alloy material composition |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 20021203 |