JPH10130007A - Method and apparatus for producing carbon material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a carbon material using an organic material containing an industrial waste as a raw material and having high fixed carbon content with excellent heat efficiency by decomposing the organic material under a specific atmosphere by low temp. indirect heating to produce the carbon material. SOLUTION: The carbon material is produced by decomposing the organic material (e.g. disposable diaper, synthetic resin or the like) by low temp. indirect heating under the oxygen-free closed airtight atmosphere preferably formed by replacing by N2 . The carbon material is produced by using a device, which is provided with a carrying part A for carrying a container W, a operation preparing part B arranged at this side of a carrying passage R of the W, a thermally decomposing part C and a cooling waiting part D successively arranged at a succeeding position of the operation preparing part B in the carrying passage R of the W, a decomposition gas liquefying part E connected to the thermally decomposing part C and a waste gas treating part F connected to the decomposition gas liquefying part E and is constituted so as to have a structure capable of thermally decomposing the organic material carried by the W under the oxygen-free closed airtight atmosphere by low temp. indirect heating.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a carbon material to be used as various industrial raw materials by, for example, industrial waste or vegetation vegetated in nature.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, various studies have been made on the reuse of waste organic matter including industrial waste, but most of them are still disposed of by incineration or landfill.

[0003]

However, in these incineration treatments or landfill treatments, in recent years, a large amount of synthetic resin such as disposable diapers and pachinko machines mixed with other organic or inorganic substances is discharged. As a result, such separation work is also required, and after the separation work, incineration treatment or landfill treatment must be performed, which makes the treatment work more difficult. It has become difficult to secure landfill sites, which has become a major social problem.

[0004]

The object of the present invention is to solve such inconveniences.
The invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that an organic substance is thermally decomposed by low-temperature indirect heating in an oxygen-free closed atmosphere to produce a carbon material. The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that a carbon material is produced by thermally decomposing an organic substance by nitrogen replacement by low-temperature indirect heating in an oxygen-free closed atmosphere.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for transporting a container in which an organic material is stored, an operation preparation unit disposed at a position on the front side of a transport path of the container,
A thermal decomposition unit disposed at a position subsequent to the operation preparation unit in the transport path of the container; a cooling standby unit disposed at a position subsequent to the thermal decomposition unit in the transport path of the container; A cracked gas liquefaction unit connected thereto, and an exhaust gas treatment unit connected to at least the cracked gas liquefaction unit. It is characterized in that it has a structure that can be thermally decomposed by heating.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the operation preparation section, the heating / decomposing section and the cooling standby section are each configured in a closed and closed structure by a shuttable door which can be opened and closed. And the invention of the device according to claim 5 is as follows:
The thermal decomposition section is characterized by comprising a plurality of independent thermal decomposition chambers which can be separated from each other.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIGS. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention, which is roughly classified into a transport section A capable of transporting a container W containing organic matter, and a transport section of the container W. An operation preparation unit B disposed at a position on the near side of the route R, a thermal decomposition unit C disposed at a position subsequent to the operation preparation unit B in the transport route R of the container W, and a thermal decomposition in the transport route of the container W It is composed of a cooling standby section D arranged at a position subsequent to the section C, a cracked gas liquefaction section E connected to the thermal decomposition section C, and an exhaust gas treatment section F connected to the cracked gas liquefaction section E.

Here, the transport section A has a structure for transporting the container W containing the organic matter in the transport path R from the operation preparation section B to the cooling standby section D via the heat decomposition section C. , is constituted by a roller conveyor a ₂ and the chain conveyor or the like driven by a reduction gear motor with a _1, in particular, the transport unit a is arming unit B, inner separable every thermolysis unit C and the cooling standby section D It has a transport independent structure.

[0009] The arming unit B, the container W conveyance path R front position in positioned container receiving portion B ₁ and replacement of air and nitrogen gas, i.e., heat the nitrogen substitution is performed, heat insulation, closed Preparation chamber B with closed structure
_2, is constituted by a heating element B ₃ utilizing far-infrared heater or an electromagnetic wave to be used for preheating the nitrogen substitution through a plurality of nitrogen gas inlet tube T ₁ than nitrogen storage cylinder T nitrogen prepaid This is performed by injecting the air into the preparation chamber B ₂ and forcibly discharging the air outside through the exhaust pipe M ₁ , and shutting off the inlet of the preparation chamber B ₂ and the outlet connected to the thermal decomposition section C. door N is arranged to be freely opened and closed by a compressor N ₂ and cylinder N ₃ of the upper and lower closing mechanism N _1, Thus, placing the heating element B ₃ the upper surface of the non-blocking door of prepared configuration chamber B _1, on both side surfaces and a bottom surface and, and, in this case, the container receiving unit B ₁ and prepaid configuration chamber B _2, and has a separable independent structure.

[0010] The thermal decomposition section C is housed in a container W.
Transported organic matter in an oxygen-free, closed atmosphere
In a structure that can be thermally decomposed by low-temperature indirect heating.
And a plurality of, in this case two, pyrolysis chambers C₁・ C₁By
And the respective pyrolysis chambers C₁・ C₁In
Also, it is composed of heat resistant, heat insulating, closed hermetic structure and nitrogen
A plurality of nitrogen gas injection tubes T from the storage cylinder T₁Through
Nitrogen gas is injected, and the air in the room is₁Through
It is forcibly discharged out of the room and heat decomposition chamber C₁・ C ₁Between
And the shut-off door N is at the exit connected to the cooling standby unit D.
Lower opening / closing mechanism N₁It can be opened and closed by the heat decomposition chamber
C₁・ C₁Heating on top, both sides and bottom except for the door N
Heating using far-infrared heater or electromagnetic wave used for decomposition
Body C_TwoAnd in this case, the pyrolysis chamber C₁・ C₁Are mutually
It has an independent structure that can be separated.

A cooling standby section D is provided with a cooling chamber D ₁ for cooling a carbon material produced by thermally decomposing organic matter in the container W by low-temperature indirect heating in a pyrolysis section C under oxygen-free and closed conditions. , is composed of a carry-out standby chamber D _2, even in the cooling chamber D ₁ and unloading standby chamber D ₂ of each heat, insulation, nitrogen storage cylinder to the cooling chamber D ₁ with configured closed closed structure Nitrogen gas for cooling the carbon material is injected from T through a plurality of nitrogen gas injection pipes T _1, and the air in the room is forcibly exhausted outside through the exhaust pipe M _1. Nitrogen gas injection tube T also allows additional cooling of carbon material with nitrogen gas if necessary
₁ is provided, the room air is discharged to the forced outside through the exhaust pipe M _1, also blocked the door N to the exit portion continuing during and outside of the cooling chamber D ₁ and unloading standby chamber D ₂ is Vertical opening / closing mechanism N
₁ to open and close freely, in this case, the pyrolysis chamber C ₁
· C ₁ unlike the heating body C ₂ is not arranged, and,
In this case cooling chamber D ₁ and unloading standby chamber D ₂ has a mutually separable independent structure.

The cracked gas liquefaction unit E includes a cooling water tank E
₁ and consists of a cooling tower E _2, this is the cooling tower E in ₂ cooling water therearound with a spiral vent pipe decomposition gas passes is built is filled, and the drain port is provided in the cooling tower E ₂ I have.

The exhaust gas processing section F includes a fuel gas tank F
_One and two exhaust gas combustion chambers F ₂ are provided, and the exhaust gas is combusted in the exhaust gas combustion chamber F ₂ by propane gas or the like in the fuel gas tank F ₁ , and odorless from the exhaust gas discharge pipe F ₃ .
It is configured to discharge harmless exhaust gas to the outside.

In the pipeline system in this case, the exhaust pipe M _{1 of the} preparation chamber B ₂ and the two pyrolysis chambers C ₁ and C ₁ of the pyrolysis section C in the operation preparation chamber B are provided. Exhaust pipe M
₁ is connected via line L ₁ to the cooling tower E ₂ of the decomposition gas liquefaction unit E, also the cooling chamber of the cooling standby section D D ₁ and out antechamber D ₂
Is connected to one exhaust gas combustion chamber F ₂ of the exhaust gas processing section F by a pipe line L ₂ , and the outlet of a spiral ventilation pipe in the cooling tower E ₂ of the cracked gas liquefaction section E is connected to the other exhaust gas of the exhaust gas processing section F. It is connected via line L ₃ to the combustion chamber F _2.

[0015] Also, in this case, the container Nide section G is disposed in a subsequent position of the unloading standby chamber D ₂ of the cooling standby section D.

Since this embodiment has the above configuration,
As a pre-processing operation, crushing or crushing may be performed depending on the type and size of the organic substance. The container W containing the organic substance is transferred from the operation preparation section B by the transport section A to the cooling standby section D via the heat decomposition section C and the heat decomposition section C. Is transported along the transport route R that leads to
First, in the operation preparation unit B, organic heat-resistant in this container W, thermal insulation, in a closed sealed prepaid Configuration chamber B ₂ that structure to the anoxic closed confined atmosphere by nitrogen, the heating member B ₃ e.g. Preliminary indirect heating is performed at a low temperature condition of about 360 ° C. to 450 ° C. Then, in the thermal decomposition section C, the organic matter of the container W is heat-resistant, heat-insulated, closed and sealed to have an oxygen-free and closed atmosphere by nitrogen replacement. In the heat decomposition chamber C ₁ · C ₁ , the heating body C ₂
Similarly, indirect heating is performed at a low temperature condition of, for example, about 360 ° C. to 450 ° C., whereby the organic matter in the container W is thermally decomposed to produce a carbon material. material heat, thermal insulation, in the cooling chamber D ₁ closed sealed structure is cooled by a nitrogen gas, the unloading standby chamber D _2, it will be removal wait, and from time to time out from the container Nide unit G. If necessary, as a post-processing operation, a separation operation of an organic substance and a metal may be performed by a magnetic separator.

The gas generated in the pyrolysis chambers C ₁ and C ₁ and the preparation chamber B _{2 of the} pyrolysis section C is liquefied by a decomposed gas liquefaction section E and exhausted through an exhaust gas processing section E. also so that the gas in the cooling chamber D ₁ and discharge the waiting portion D ₂ of the cooling standby section D is also exhausted to the outside via the exhaust gas treatment unit E.

In this way, a carbon material can be produced by thermally decomposing an organic material containing an unnecessary organic material by indirect heating at a low temperature in an oxygen-free closed atmosphere without burning, thereby producing a carbon material. The amount of fixed carbon inside is 75
% Or more can be produced, and a high quality carbon material can be produced. Further, the thermal efficiency during the production is very good, and the emission of offensive odors and black smoke to the atmosphere can be reduced. The equipment can be operated by personnel, the service life of the equipment is extended, the maintenance is easy, and the carbon material can be manufactured continuously, the working capacity is large, and the crushing and burning of organic substances There is no need for a pre-process such as a work of separating materials and non-burnable materials, and they can be used in a mixed state.

Here, the carbonization under an oxygen-free closed atmosphere is to utilize the produced carbon material for various purposes, and it is necessary to remove metals and inorganic substances which may be mixed with unnecessary organic substances. It is also for the purpose of facilitating the reuse of the metal and the like. Since the metal is in an oxygen-free state, it is not oxidized. The temperature during indirect heating is 360 ° C to 450 ° C, and the composition of the metal does not change because of the low temperature. Gas is generated, but since this generated gas is not oxidized, if the type of raw material used is a plant, wood vinegar, bamboo vinegar, grass vinegar, etc. are collected from the drain port of the decomposition gas liquefaction unit E. In addition to the carbon material generated when plastics and tires are used as raw materials, raw gas generated during pyrolysis can be converted to liquid equivalent to naphtha or liquid equivalent to heavy oil A by changing the decomposition temperature setting. Can be collected and collected, and the decomposition temperature may be changed for each use of the liquid to be collected and collected.

Most of the produced carbon material, including carbon, is an industrial raw material. By using this carbon material as an industrial raw material, it is possible to increase the number of incineration plants and landfill sites. By minimizing the amount of organic matter buried in the landfill site, the life of the landfill site can be extended, and waste of resources can be prevented. The waste that has been incinerated or landfilled includes garbage and paper waste, pruned branches, weeds on riverbeds, weeds along roads, construction waste, shochu lees, beer, juice, coffee lees, etc. Have been landfilled solely because of the high calorific value of the incinerator and the toxic gas generated during incineration. It will be reused again, so that it can be used not only in the field of carbon material production but also as an industrial waste treatment method. In addition, depending on the type of industrial waste, some of the produced carbon materials can be used,
For example, as an example, in the case of disposable diapers that are currently discarded, they are incinerated or landfilled, and when incineration is accompanied by combustion, high temperatures and harmful gases are generated, and primary dissolution occurs during the incineration process. As a result, the supply port of the oxygen source, which supports the combustion as a lump, is blocked, which causes a failure of the device and makes it difficult to burn, but as described above, if it is decided to thermally decompose,
What is likely to be mixed in the disposable diaper is directly carbonized, moisture evaporates, the synthetic resin portion of the disposable diaper itself is decomposed and gasified, and cotton and the like are carbonized.
Further, the synthetic resin is temporarily dissolved in the process of being decomposed and gasified. However, unlike the melting in the combustion step, the synthetic resin is decomposed while conducting heat. In the case of incineration, oxygen is required for combustion, and the combustion proceeds in combination with oxygen, and only the portion in contact with oxygen burns. Combustion proceeds sequentially from the surface. In other words, the combustion time cannot be reduced unless a method such as stirring is used, and the temperature may be extremely high depending on the way of supplying oxygen.However, in this method, when heat is transmitted, In other words, when the temperature reaches the temperature required for decomposition, decomposition proceeds from the place where the temperature is reached, decomposition proceeds even without convection such as air,
Decomposition may progress from inside even if it is dissolved to form a lump, and the decomposition rate can be made very fast as compared with incineration.

In the thermal decomposition section C, the time for thermally decomposing organic substances is digested, the time for taking out the gas when reusing the decomposed gas is determined, the processing time for the decomposed gas, safety, and the degree of understanding, the management of brevity, in consideration of the easy of maintenance, is constituted by a plurality of thermal decomposition chambers C ₁ provided in accordance with the further working capacity, also transport structures each thermolysis chamber C ₁ has a separate structure, of course each sealability this pyrolysis chamber C ₁ is heat insulation, a structure of a heat-resistant, by a structure capable of further separating each pyrolysis chamber, during such repair the heating it is only necessary to exchange every decomposition chamber C ₁ can react quickly to eliminate the waste of time due to repairs, also after installation operation, when to increase or decrease the working capacity on demand, the thermolysis chamber carry out the increase and decrease of C ₁ You can just respond.

[0022] The cooling chamber D ₁ of the cooling standby section D is required to obviate the combustion of the air contact, rapid cooling with nitrogen gas is carried out in order to develop micro-pores in the mass of carbon is intended, the use of nitrogen gas during the cooling is obtained by the retrieval in the dry state is carbon material, also out antechamber D ₂ is a container cargo performed to rework the carbon material even when the place is air contact to wait for completion of the preparation on the exit part G is provided with in order to check the condition does not occur combustion, it is configured to be added cooling chamber D ₁ Similarly cooled Thus, prepaid configuration Room B ₂ ,
The heat decomposition chambers C ₁ and C ₁ and the unloading standby chamber D ₂ are configured to be kept in an oxygen-free state without being exposed to outside air.

The setting of the time for passing through the transport route R is determined according to the type of organic matter and the method of reuse.
In addition, by reducing the size of the set of equipment and mounting it on vehicles, carbonization at the place where raw materials are generated and where carbon materials are used becomes possible.
It is desirable to use a mobile device, so that collection and transportation costs can be reduced.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but includes a transport section A, an operation preparation section B, a heat decomposition section C, a cooling standby section D, a cracked gas liquefaction section E and an exhaust gas treatment section F. The structure, material, and the like are appropriately changed and designed.

[0025]

According to the present invention, as described above, in the invention according to claim 1 or 3, an organic substance is thermally decomposed by low-temperature indirect heating in an oxygen-free closed atmosphere to produce a carbon material. Able to produce high-quality, high-carbon fixed carbon materials from organic materials, including industrial waste, and have very good thermal efficiency during production, and reduce emissions of foul odors and black smoke into the atmosphere. Can be operated with a small number of personnel, the service life of the device is long, maintenance is easy, and it is possible to continuously produce carbon material, and the working capacity is large, In addition, there is no need for pre-processes such as the pulverization of organic matter and the separation of burning and non-burning materials, so that they can be used in a mixed state, and waste and vegetation that have been incinerated or landfilled can be used without waste. The waste of resources can be greatly reduced, and there is no need to increase the number of industrial waste treatment facilities, etc. It can be expected and can greatly contribute to resource conservation.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, an oxygen-free closed atmosphere can be easily obtained by using nitrogen substitution.
The operation preparation section, the thermal decomposition section, and the cooling standby section each can be easily closed to form an oxygen-free closed atmosphere by forming a closed and closed structure with a shuttable door that can be opened and closed. In addition, the above-mentioned pyrolysis section is constituted by a plurality of independent pyrolysis chambers which can be separated from each other, so that when repairing or the like, it is only necessary to replace each of the pyrolysis chambers, and time is wasted due to repair. If the working capacity is increased or decreased according to the demand after the installation operation, it can be dealt with simply by increasing or decreasing the thermal decomposition chamber.

The above-mentioned purpose can be sufficiently achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall explanatory plan view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial explanatory side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial explanatory plan sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial explanatory cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

W Container R Transport path A Transport section B Operation preparation section C Thermal decomposition section C ₁ Thermal decomposition chamber D Cooling standby section E Decomposed gas liquefaction section F Exhaust gas treatment section

Continued on the front page (71) Applicant 597022056 Soroku Sanada 583, Yamagaki, Atsugi, Kanagawa 12 (71) Applicant 597022067 Hachishiro Suzuki 142, 142, Kamiyori, Atsugi, Kanagawa 11 (71) Applicant 597022078 Takamori Narumi Kanagawa (1) 1-26-1 Kamigatani, Konan-ku, Yokohama-shi, Japan (72) Inventor Satoru Ito 2-24-11-607 Nakakura, Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing a carbon material, comprising: thermally decomposing an organic substance by indirect heating at a low temperature in an oxygen-free closed atmosphere to produce a carbon material. 2. The method for producing a carbon material according to claim 1, wherein the carbon material is produced by thermally decomposing an organic substance by indirect heating at a low temperature in an oxygen-free closed atmosphere by purging with nitrogen. 3. A transport section capable of transporting a container containing organic matter, an operation preparation section disposed at a position on the near side of a transport path of the container, and a subsequent position of the operation preparation section in the transport path of the container. , A cooling standby unit disposed at a position subsequent to the heat decomposition unit in the transport path of the container, a decomposition gas liquefaction unit connected to at least the heat decomposition unit, and at least the decomposition gas An exhaust gas treatment unit connected to the liquefaction unit, and the thermal decomposition unit is configured to be capable of thermally decomposing organic substances conveyed in the container by low-temperature indirect heating in an oxygen-free closed atmosphere. An apparatus for manufacturing a carbon material. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the operation preparation section, the thermal decomposition section, and the cooling standby section are each configured in a closed and closed structure by a shuttable door that can be opened and closed. 5. The carbon material producing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said pyrolysis section is constituted by a plurality of independent pyrolysis chambers which can be separated from each other.