JPH10146351A - ねじ付きライナー及び締付リングを有する寛骨臼インプラント - Google Patents
ねじ付きライナー及び締付リングを有する寛骨臼インプラントInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10146351A JPH10146351A JP9244084A JP24408497A JPH10146351A JP H10146351 A JPH10146351 A JP H10146351A JP 9244084 A JP9244084 A JP 9244084A JP 24408497 A JP24408497 A JP 24408497A JP H10146351 A JPH10146351 A JP H10146351A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liner
- shell
- outer shell
- clamping ring
- implant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30405—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by screwing complementary threads machined on the parts themselves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
- A61F2002/30495—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a locking ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2002/3241—Joints for the hip having a ring, e.g. for locking the femoral head into the acetabular cup
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
- A61F2002/3401—Acetabular cups with radial apertures, e.g. radial bores for receiving fixation screws
- A61F2002/3403—Polar aperture
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
- A61F2002/3412—Acetabular cups with pins or protrusions, e.g. non-sharp pins or protrusions projecting from a shell surface
- A61F2002/3414—Polar protrusion, e.g. for centering two concentric shells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00029—Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
- A61F2310/00592—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
- A61F2310/00796—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. hydroxy(l)apatite
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
供を課題とする。 【解決手段】 本発明のインプラントは極部ねじ穴内へ
のねじ式整合のために突き出た極部ねじ突起を有するラ
イナーをもつ極部ねじ穴を有する外殻を含む。更に、こ
のインプラントはライナーの固定のためにこの外殻によ
り担持された締付リングを含む。使用の際、ライナーは
それと外殻との協調ねじにより外殻の中にねじ止めされ
る。ライナーが外殻の底部に到達すると、締付リングは
外殻の外周に成形された環状溝へと滑り込み、ライナー
を外殻に固定する。締付リングの締付固定はライナーが
外殻に対して横方向に位置ずれすることを防ぎ、外殻が
ライナーからゆるむ方向へとライナーが回転するのを防
ぐ。このライナーは金属製が好ましいが、患者の臨床要
件に依存して金属又はプラスチック製でもよい。
Description
し、そして特にライナーを有する寛骨臼インプラントで
あってそのライナーがその外殻(シェル)の中にねじ止
めされており、そのねじ止め方が、そのねじが底部に達
すると、環状締付リングがそのライナーを固定し、その
ライナーが反対方向に回転することを防ぐようにしてい
るインプラントに関連する。
ーを有する寛骨臼カップが公知である。外殻を衝撃成分
にねじ式接続するために外殻に極部ねじ穴を設けること
も更に知られている。極部穴への圧入のために極部突起
を有するように成形されたポリエチレンライナーを得る
ことも更に知られている。本発明は、極部ねじ穴内への
ねじ式整合のために突き出た極部ねじ突起を有するライ
ナーをもつ極部ねじ穴を有する外殻を含む。更に、本発
明はこのライナーの固定のそれにこの外殻により担持さ
れている締付リングを含む。使用の際、このライナーは
それと外殻との協調ねじにより外殻の中にねじ止めされ
る。ライナーが外殻の底部に達すると、締付リングは外
殻の外周に形成された環状溝へと滑り込み、ライナーを
外殻に固定する。締付リングの締付固定はライナーが外
殻に対して横方向に位置ずれしてしまうことを防ぎ、そ
れ故外殻がライナーからゆるんでしまう方向へとライナ
ーが回転することを防ぐ。このライナーは金属製である
ことが好ましいが、このライナーは患者の臨床的要件に
依存して金属製又はプラスチック製のいづれかであって
よい。
ねじ穴を有し、且つライナーから突起した整合性極部ね
じ突起を有する新規の補綴寛骨臼カップの提供にある。
て、極部ねじ穴をもつ外殻及び整合性ねじ突起をもつラ
イナーを有し、更にこの外殻により担持され、且つこの
ライナーのねじ突起が外殻の極部ねじ穴内の底部に達し
たときにこのライナーを固定する締付リングを含む寛骨
臼カップの提供にある。
図面により明らかとなるであろう。
プ10は外殻12及びライナー14を含む。限定するつ
もりはないが、外殻12及びライナー14は実質的に半
球状とする。外殻には極部ねじ穴16と、その赤道線上
の縁19付近に形成された環状溝18を含む。締付リン
グ20は外殻12の内部に部分的に広がるようにして溝
18の中に部分的に納まっている。外殻12は患者の準
備の整った寛骨臼と接触及びその中に固定されるような
形状となっている。従って、図示していないが、外殻1
2はヒドロキシアパタイトのコーティング又は多孔質表
層の如き多数の公知の外部表面処理を包括しうる。更
に、外殻を寛骨臼に固定するため、固定ねじに整合する
多数の穴が外殻12に設けられていてよい。ライナー1
4の外殻12の中に納まる形態であり、そして補綴寛骨
臼頭部と接触するように仕上げられた内部寛骨臼表層2
2を含む。ライナー14は外殻12の極部穴16のねじ
と整合するねじを有する極部ねじ突起24を含む。最後
に、ライナー14は外殻の外周のまわりにおいて成形さ
れ、その赤道線上の縁28付近の環状溝26を含む。
内に収めて固定した後、外科医はライナー14を、まず
ライナー14の極部突起24をライナー14の極部穴1
6の中にねじ止めすることにより装着させる。ライナー
が外殻の中に入っていくに従い、ライナー14の外周が
締付リング20を圧迫し、それを横方向にずらし、そし
て更に溝18の中へと移動させる。ねじ突起が穴の中に
完全に収容されたら、ライナーの外面23の少なくとも
一部が外殻の内面17と完全に見当合わせとなる。この
時点で、ライナー14の溝26は締付リング20と並
ぶ。このリングは適正な位置を回復させ、そして外殻と
ライナーとの間の干渉を成する。このようにして、もし
外殻がゆるもうとすると、締付リングはライナーが外殻
から動くことを防ぐであろう。
コバルト−クロム又はチタン合金より成り、そしてこの
ライナーは一般にポリマー材料、例えば超高分子量ポリ
エチレンより成るものと理解されるべきであるが、それ
らが本発明の限定するものと解すべきでない。例えば、
ライナーを生体適合性金属又はセラミックスより成形す
ることが好都合でありうる。ライナーを金属から成形す
ることはインプラントの製造に係る費用の削減を製造業
者に供しうる。また、最も生体適合性とされる外殻と最
もよく使用されるライナーとを組合せることもできる。
Claims (3)
- 【請求項1】 補綴寛骨臼インプラントであって、 寛骨臼と接触するための外面とライナーを受容するよう
に仕上げられた内面とを有する外殻、ここでこの外殻は
極部ねじ穴を含み、更にその外殻の内面の中に形成さ
れ、この外殻の縁に隣接する環状溝を含む、 前記外殻の環状溝内に部分的に納まっており、且つそれ
から外部方向に突き出た締付リング;及び補綴大腿頭部
と接触するための内面と、前記外殻の内面と見当合わせ
するように仕上げられた外面とを有するライナー;前記
ライナーは外ねじを有し、且つ前記外殻の極部穴にねじ
止めされる形状の極部突起を含み;前記ライナーは更に
その外面の中に成形され、その縁に隣接している環状溝
を含む;ここで前記ライナーの前記極部突起が前記外殻
の極部穴の中にねじ込まれると、前記ライナーの外面は
前記締付リングと接触し、この締付リングを前記外殻の
中に成形された溝の中へと圧迫して前記ライナーの前記
外面が前記外殻の内面と見当合わせするようにし、ここ
で前記ライナーの外面内に形成された溝は前記外殻の中
に成形された溝と整合して、前記締付リングが前記外殻
の溝の中に、前記ライナーと外殻との間に干渉が形成さ
れ、前記外殻から前記ライナーが位置ずれしてしまうの
を防ぐのに十分なほどに広がっているものである、 前記インプラント。 - 【請求項2】 前記外殻が生体適合性金属より成り、そ
して前記ライナーがポリマー材料より成る、請求項1記
載の補綴寛骨臼インプラント。 - 【請求項3】 前記外殻及び前記ライナーが生体適合性
金属より成る、請求項1記載の補綴寛骨臼インプラン
ト。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/708421 | 1996-09-09 | ||
| US08/708,421 US5658348A (en) | 1996-09-09 | 1996-09-09 | Acetabular implant with threaded liner and locking ring |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10146351A true JPH10146351A (ja) | 1998-06-02 |
Family
ID=24845739
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9244084A Pending JPH10146351A (ja) | 1996-09-09 | 1997-09-09 | ねじ付きライナー及び締付リングを有する寛骨臼インプラント |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5658348A (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH10146351A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2213921C (ja) |
| GB (1) | GB2316873B (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010519972A (ja) * | 2007-02-28 | 2010-06-10 | スミス アンド ネフュー インコーポレーテッド | 寛骨臼ライナーインサーターガイド |
| US8308810B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2012-11-13 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Multiple bearing acetabular prosthesis |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010519972A (ja) * | 2007-02-28 | 2010-06-10 | スミス アンド ネフュー インコーポレーテッド | 寛骨臼ライナーインサーターガイド |
| US9445903B2 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2016-09-20 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Multi-bearing acetabular prosthesis |
| US8308810B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2012-11-13 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Multiple bearing acetabular prosthesis |
| US9445904B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2016-09-20 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc | Multiple bearing acetabular prosthesis |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2213921A1 (en) | 1998-03-09 |
| US5658348A (en) | 1997-08-19 |
| GB2316873A (en) | 1998-03-11 |
| GB2316873B (en) | 1998-11-18 |
| GB9718795D0 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
| CA2213921C (en) | 2003-07-08 |
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