JPH1017672A - Composite plastics and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new plastics being nontoxic and inexpensive and a process for producing the same. SOLUTION: A fat and oil containing fatty acid glycerol esters as the principal components is heated to an arbitrary temperature of 80-300 deg.C. A plastics containing at least one member selected from among polystyrenes, polyethylenes and polypropylenes is dissolved in the fat and oil, and the formed gummy substance is withdrawn and cooled to ordinary temperature to obtain a composite plastics.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a composite plastic and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as one of means for regenerating waste styrofoam, styrofoam has been dissolved using limonene which is a kind of terpene extracted from the skin of orange or the like, but the flash point of limonene is about 35 ° C. Therefore, the dissolution was at a room temperature, and the dissolution rate was low. In addition, in order to remove styrene from the dissolved gel, a precipitant such as methanol is added, distillation is performed under reduced pressure at about 200 ° C., and then methanol and limonene are separated using a poison such as ethylene glycol. In addition, there were problems such as handling toxic ethylene glycol.

As another method, there is a method in which waste plastic is pyrolyzed at about 400 ° C. to obtain a mixed oil which is a mixture of gasoline, kerosene, light oil, and the like. It is necessary to add a fractionation step to separate each fraction, and petroleum is required as a heat source for this.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a new composite plastic which is non-toxic, low in cost and as a result, and a method for producing the same.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object,
The inventor heated an oil or fat containing a fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component as a solvent to an arbitrary temperature between 80 ° C. and 300 ° C., and added at least one of polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene and other plastic polymers to the oil and fat. After adding and dissolving the plastic containing the plastic of the above, the resulting gum-like substance is taken out, and it is found that a composite plastic which is a solid substance can be obtained by cooling to room temperature. As well as its production method.

[0006]

According to the above-mentioned production method, cottonseed oil, sesame oil,
Soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil, linseed oil, kabok oil, cutting oil, mustard oil, poppy oil, rice oil, safflower oil, camellia oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, castor oil Among the twenty types of edible oils and fats, such as coconut oil, it is possible to use edible oils and fats containing at least one kind. Therefore, the solvent has no toxicity and its flash point is high and 80 ° C. to 150 ° C. Since there is no danger of ignition at a moderate degree of heating, it was confirmed to be a safe method. Many of the fats and oils do not ignite even when heated to 300 ° C.

[0007] The higher the heating temperature of the fats and oils, the faster the plastics are melted. However, if the waste heat of a garbage incinerator is used as a heat source, the cost of the heat source is reduced to 80 ° C to 150 ° C.
It is appropriate to set the heating temperature of the fat during the period.

It has been found that when a plastic is melted by this method, it is first dissolved in fats and oils and then immediately becomes a gum-like substance and precipitates. After removing the gum-like substance and cooling it to room temperature, the structure was examined.As a result, polymer fibers composed of plastic polymer molecular groups formed a matrix, and the gaps were filled with the constituent molecular groups of the fat and oil. There are also places, and there are places where the constituent molecules of the fat and oil are sandwiched between each molecule of the polymer,
It turned out to be a new composite plastic. This structure is shown in FIG. 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e denote polymer fibers composed of at least one kind of molecule or molecular group among the above-mentioned plastic polymers such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene and the like. Reference numeral 2 denotes one molecule or a molecular group of the fat or oil. 1a to 1e may be composed of the same kind of polymer, or two or more kinds of polymers, for example, 1a may be composed of polystyrene and 1b may be composed of polypropylene. Other combinations of polymers are possible and are included within the scope of the present invention. Also, plastics other than the three plastics named earlier, for example,
ABS resin, AS resin, acrylic resin, polyamide (nylon), polycyclodextrin, ionomer resin, polycarbonate, polyayatal, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyacrylate are dissolved in the above fats and oils to become gum-like substances. Everything has the structure shown in Fig. 1,
It is included in the scope of the present invention. The "plastic polymer such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS resin, AS resin, polyamide, and acrylic resin" described in claim 11 means the above resin.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention is as follows. First, put commercially available salad oil in a container. This salad oil was a mixed oil of soybean oil, corn oil, and rapeseed oil.

[0010] This salad oil is heated to 120 ° C to keep it warm. Next, for the experiment, a styrofoam cut into a cube with a side of 3 cm was prepared, dropped naturally from a height of 10 cm on the surface of the salad oil, and dissolved in 2 seconds. A precipitate formed. This step was performed several tens of times. As a result, it was found that the remaining portion of the salad oil and the gum-like precipitate were separated into two layers, so that solid-liquid separation was easy. As a method for removing the remainder of the salad oil, the salad oil may be sucked up, or a stainless steel net is provided in advance at the bottom of the container, the valve at the bottom of the container is opened, the salad oil is allowed to fall naturally, and only the salad oil is removed. I also found that can be removed. The removed salad oil had a generally clear color tone and proved to be sufficiently resistant to reuse as a solvent.

The gum-like precipitate obtained was solidified when taken out and returned to room temperature, and its structure was examined. As a result, it was found that it was a composite polymer having a structure as shown in FIG. When only this composite polymer was heated again, it gradually softened, but it was found that it was sufficiently usable as a plastic. In addition, it was found to be a new composite polymer that is less likely to break than polystyrene resin.

The second embodiment is as follows. The following experiments were performed for each of the three types of plastics, ie, non-foamed polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene. Strips of 5 mm x 5 mm x 1 mm were made from the above plastic and dropped on the surface of a 120 ° C salad oil.
Each strip is different depending on the type of plastic,
It dissolves in about 5 seconds to form a gummy precipitate at the bottom of the vessel. The precipitate was taken out, cooled to room temperature, and the structure was examined. As a result, the composite polymer had a structure which could be regarded as the same category as the structure shown in FIG.

Here, the experiment was conducted by placing each of the three types of plastics in fats and oils contained in individual containers, and a single plastic contained fats and oils. Instead, it is also possible to put two or more types of plastics into a single container of oils and fats, and to produce a composite plastic in which a mixture of two or more types of plastics contains oils and fats. The structure of this plastic was also a composite polymer that can be regarded as the same category as in FIG. The force acting between the polymer shown in FIGS. 1a to 1e and the fat molecules shown in 2 is considered to be a van der Waals force or a hydrogen bonding force.

Next, an experiment similar to that of the second embodiment was performed on palm oil, and similar results were obtained.

Glycerol ester of a single fatty acid,
That is, the fatty acid group, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, glycerol ester is a palmitic acid for each glycerol ester, the same experiment as in the second example, but similar results to the case of salad oil and the like was gotten.

From the above, what can be inductively performed is as follows. That is, among the fats and oils containing fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component, the twenty kinds of fats and oils are glycerol esters having at least one of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid as a fatty acid group. As a result, the plastic can be dissolved.

[0017] From this fact, without experimenting all combinations of each of the above plastics and each of the above fats and oils,
It turns out that similar results are obtained.

Further, the temperature is not 120.degree.
It can be concluded that there is no essential difference even if the dissolution rate is decreased even at ℃.

When the temperature is 300 ° C., the dissolution rate becomes extremely high, which is advantageous in this respect. However, there is a tendency that the polymer molecules are cut to have a low molecular weight. Some have a flash point, so considering energy efficiency, practically 80 ° C ~
150 ° C. is recommended.

In addition, known antioxidants such as erythorbic acid, sodium erysorbate, isopropyl citrate, dibutylhydroxytoluene, dl-α-
By adding in advance tocopherol, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, butylhydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, tribase, calcium stearate, barium stearate, etc., the fats and oils are less likely to be oxidized, so extending the life of repeated use It goes without saying that you can do it. The known antioxidant described in claim 9 is an antioxidant containing at least one of the above antioxidants.

The gum-like substance produced by the above-mentioned method is taken out, and the gum-like substance is pressed and rolled using, for example, a device similar to a known rubber kneading roll (not shown) to squeeze the fats and oils contained therein. It is also possible to take, and as described above, the gum-like substance from which the fats and oils have been squeezed is cooled, and the structure thereof is examined. I was However, the structure was a composite plastic that could be considered the same category as FIG.

As a method for pressurizing the gum-like substance, it has been found that the fats and oils contained therein can be squeezed out even if the gum-like substance is pressurized by a device similar to a known oil squeezer (not shown) in addition to the kneading roll.

Further, it was also found that the composite plastic as a solid obtained by the above-mentioned method was heated again to change it into a gum-like substance, and then pressurized by the above-mentioned method to squeeze out the fats and oils contained therein. Was.

The fats and oils squeezed out can be reused as a solvent by filtering them with a filter.

By adjusting the pressure and temperature of the pressurization, the amount of residual fats and oils in the obtained composite plastic can be arbitrarily adjusted.

Crushed or powdered polystyrene;
A resin containing at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS resin, AS resin, polyamide and acrylic resin is added with 5 to 50% by weight of the above fat or oil mainly containing fatty acid glialor ester, and a known heat kneading extruder ( Kneading while heating at a temperature of 190 ° C. or less using an extruder), extruding from the pores and drawing linearly, cooling through water, and cutting into pellets using a known pelletizer. Thus, pellets for injection molding can be obtained.

A molded article can be obtained by subjecting the above pellets to injection molding using an injection molding machine. The molded product was also a composite polymer of the same category as the structure shown in FIG.

If turpentine or d-limonene is added to the fat or oil containing the fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component in an amount of 20% by weight or less based on the fat or oil, the miscibility with the plastic is further improved. It was found that mixing was sufficient even with the following heating, and that the heating temperature of the extruder could be lowered. This is because α-pinene, β-pinene or d-limonene, which is a main component of turpentine, has the property of dissolving the plastic, so that it has good miscibility and can be well mixed even at a low temperature.

Further, when turpentine or d-limonene is added to the above-mentioned fats and oils containing fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component, α-pinene, β
Since it became a solution having a structure in which molecules of fatty acid glycerol ester as a solvent were surrounded around molecules of -pinene or d-limonene, it was found that the volatility of turpentine or d-limonene was suppressed. This is because van der Waals bonds and hydrogen bonds are generated between molecules of the solutes α-pinene, β-pinene or d-limonene and molecules of the fatty acid glycerol ester to form a new molecular mixture. The thing turned out.

Therefore, the above molecular mixture can be said to be a solvent for plastics having a new liquid structure. This is a new solvent that is different from the properties of the solutes α-pinene, β-pinene or d-limonene alone, and also different from the properties of the solvent alone, fatty acid glycerol ester.

[0031]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

Since plastic as waste can be reused, the effect of saving oil is great. Also, a new plastic can be used as a raw material. Further, when two or more kinds of plastics are used as raw materials, a composite plastic having new properties is obtained.

In addition, the new composite plastic has properties not found in the original plastic. For example, a mixture of polystyrene and polypropylene is less susceptible to cracking than the original polystyrene, resulting in a composite plastic having toughness and moderate hardness. Also, since it contains a small amount of fats and oils as a solvent, the flow of the pellets is improved when processed into pellets and then applied to an injection molding machine.

By using an injection molding machine, most of the fats and oils contained can be removed.

Depending on the temperature and pressure of the injection molding, a considerable amount of fats and oils can be left.

A composite plastic containing a certain amount of fat and oil is
When buried in the soil, the fats and oils are eroded and decomposed by bacteria, resulting in biodegradable plastic.

A plastic such as a styrene resin which is apt to be broken originally becomes a plastic which is hard to be broken as compared with the original by using a composite styrene resin containing oils and fats.

The resin containing oils and fats can be used as a solid fuel.

Since the heating temperature of the fats and oils is 80 ° C. to 150 ° C., the exhaust heat of the refuse incinerator can be used.
Energy saving is possible.

Edible fats and oils have been eaten by humans for many years and their harmlessness has been proven.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, but has the same function as the present invention, and can obtain substantially the same effect in substantially the same manner. It is clear that the embodiments are considered to be the same invention as the present invention according to the principle of equivalent.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram showing a structure under a microscope of a composite plastic obtained as a result of the practice of the present invention.
b, 1c, 1d, and 1e represent one molecule of each plastic or a fiber formed by a molecular group used in the present invention, and 2 represents a fiber.
The constituent molecules or molecular groups of each fat and oil used in the present invention are shown.

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A fat and / or oil containing a fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component is heated to an arbitrary temperature between 80 ° C. and 300 ° C., and at least one of plastic polymers such as polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene is added to the fat and oil. A composite plastic and a method for producing the same, characterized in that after adding and dissolving a plastic containing various types of plastics, the produced gum-like substance is taken out and cooled to room temperature to obtain a solid composite plastic. 2. The oil or fat according to claim 1, wherein the fat or oil containing a fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component is cottonseed oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil, linseed oil, and caboch oil. It is a fat containing at least one kind of oil among cutting oil, mustard oil, poppy oil, rice oil, safflower oil, camellia oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, castor oil, and coconut oil. Composite plastic and its manufacturing method. 3. The composite plastic according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the composite plastic, which is a solid material obtained, is formed between molecules of at least one kind of polymer among plastic polymers such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene. A composite plastic characterized by having a structure in which the constituent molecules are sandwiched. 4. The solid plastic composite according to claim 1, wherein the composite plastic has a structure in which a plurality of polymer molecules of at least one kind among plastic polymers such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene are used. The gap of the matrix of polymer fibers consisting of the body,
A composite plastic characterized by having a structure filled with a plurality of constituent molecules of the fat or oil. 5. The gum-like substance according to claim 1, wherein the produced gum-like substance is taken out and pressurized to remove at least a part of the fats and oils contained in the gum-like substance from the gum-like substance. A composite plastic and a method for producing the same, characterized in that: 6. The composite plastic according to claim 1, wherein the composite plastic, which is a solid obtained by cooling, is heated and pressurized so that at least a part of the fats and oils contained in the composite plastic is mixed. And a method of manufacturing the same. 7. The composite plastic according to claim 1, wherein the plastic polymer such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene is unused plastic or plastic collected from waste plastic. 8. The plastic polymer according to claim 1, wherein at least one kind of polymer molecule is selected from the group consisting of:
For the purpose of manufacturing a composite plastic having a structure in which gaps between polymer fiber matrices composed of a plurality of aggregates, or between molecules of the polymer, are filled with constituent molecules of fat or oil containing the fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component. Fats and oils containing fatty acid glycerol esters as a main component. 9. An oil or fat comprising a fatty acid glycalol ester as a main component, characterized in that a known antioxidant is added to the oil and fat according to claim 8. 10. A fat and / or oil containing a fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component is heated to an arbitrary temperature between 80 ° C. and 300 ° C., and the fat and / or oil is mixed with a plastic polymer such as ABS resin, AS resin, polyamide and acrylic resin. A plastic containing at least one kind of plastic is added and dissolved, and then the produced gum-like substance is taken out and cooled to room temperature to obtain a composite plastic which is a solid substance, and its production. For producing fats and oils and composite plastics for use in plastics 11. A crushed or powdered polystyrene,
A resin containing at least one of plastic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS resin, AS resin, polyamide, and acrylic resin, and an oil or fat containing fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component in 5 to 5
A composite plastic characterized by adding 0% by weight and kneading while heating to a temperature of 190 ° C. or lower, and a method for producing the same. 12. The method according to claim 1, 8 or 11.
2. A composite plastic and a method for producing the same, characterized in that turpentine or d-limonene in an amount of 20% by weight or less of the oil or fat is added to the oil or fat containing the fatty acid glycerol ester as a main component.