JPH10195422A - Antistatic agent and antistatic film - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To provide an antistatic agent and an antistatic film having excellent antistatic performance and excellent water resistance. An antistatic agent having a functional group represented by Chemical formula 1 in a conductive polymer, and a film coated with the antistatic agent. Embedded image In Chemical Formula 1, R ₁ represents an alkyl group.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a material for imparting antistatic performance to a film surface.
The present invention relates to an antistatic agent which is excellent in transparency and has a hydrophilic surface on which an antistatic agent is applied, and has excellent adhesion and durability. Furthermore, since a film having a hydrophilic surface is provided, it can be used as an aqueous undercoat film, an easily adhesive film or an antifogging film for an aqueous coating solution. Further, it can be used particularly as an antistatic film support for photographic light-sensitive materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various surfactants, water-soluble polymers, conductive carbon, metal oxides, and the like have been used as antistatic agents for preventing static charge of insulating films such as films, and these are applied to the film surface. Various attempts have been made to perform antistatic by coating or kneading. For example,
JP-A-3-229787 discloses a method in which a copolymer of poly (styrene sulfonate) and N-methylolacrylamide is used as a water-soluble polymer, and this is coated on a film to exhibit antistatic performance. Is disclosed. Or JP-A-55-84658 and JP-A-56-84658.
-92535, 61-174542, 61-1
As described in Japanese Patent No. 74543, etc., an antistatic film having excellent durability such as water resistance is prepared by applying a combination of an antistatic water-soluble polymer and a curing agent to a surface of a support such as a film. Is disclosed.

[0003] However, in the above-mentioned method, adhesion to the surface of the support becomes a problem, and peeling occurs between the layer containing the antistatic agent and the support depending on the conditions of use. Problems such as remarkable deterioration of antistatic performance occurred. Further, it is often practiced to further coat another coating liquid on the layer on which the antistatic agent is coated for various purposes. However, when the coating liquid to be coated contains water as a solvent, the surface is not coated. However, there has been a problem in that there is a problem that the hydrophilicity is insufficient and uneven coating occurs, or the film is peeled off due to poor adhesion between the coating layer and the antistatic layer.

[0004] Alternatively, although a method of applying or kneading a low molecular surfactant or the like to the surface of a support such as a film has been conventionally studied, problems such as stickiness due to bleed out from the surface, whitening, and deterioration with time, etc. have been studied. Had occurred.

[0005] By using a metal oxide, an antistatic film having a surface resistance value less dependent on humidity can be achieved by a coating or kneading method. In this case, the metal oxide is applied or kneaded in a finely dispersed state. However, in order to provide a sufficient antistatic property to the film, it is necessary to fill the metal oxide particles so closely that they contact each other. Inevitably, there is a problem that the transparency of the film is lowered.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an antistatic agent having excellent water resistance without deterioration with time of antistatic performance by coating on the surface of a support such as a film and using the same. It is an object of the present invention to provide an easily-adhesive high-transparency antistatic film with little deterioration over time.

[0007]

The above objects are achieved by the present invention described below. That is, it can be basically achieved by using a conductive polymer, which is a polymer having a functional group represented by Chemical formula 2 in the conductive polymer, as an antistatic agent.

[0008]

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In the chemical formula 2, R ₂ represents an alkyl group. Preferred examples of R2 include lower alkyl groups such as a methyl group and an ethyl group.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In order to obtain a conductive polymer having a functional group represented by Chemical Formula 2, when a polymer having a functional group for imparting conductivity is synthesized by polymerization, for example, the following Chemical Formulas 3 to 9 are used. Can be obtained by copolymerizing a monomer such as

[0011]

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[0012]

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[0013]

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[0014]

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[0015]

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[0016]

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[0017]

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In order to construct the conductive polymer according to the present invention in addition to the functional group represented by the chemical formula 2, any monomer having a conductive functional group is selected, and a monomer having the functional group represented by the chemical formula 2 is selected. Is copolymerized, and as the monomer having a conductive functional group, for example, any monomer selected from anionic, cationic, or nonionic functional groups can be selected. As the monomer having an anionic functional group, a monomer having a sulfonic acid group is particularly preferable. In addition, a monomer having a sulfonic acid group is particularly superior in ionic conductivity to a functional group such as a carboxylic acid group and a phosphoric acid group. Examples of the monomer having a sulfonic acid group include styrene sulfonic acid and its salts, vinyl sulfonic acid and its salts, allyl sulfonic acid and its salts, methallyl sulfonic acid and its salts, acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and its salts , Methacryloylethyl sulfonic acid and its salts, methacryloyl propyl sulfonic acid and its salts, and the like, but it is not limited to the above examples as long as it is a compound having a sulfonic acid group having a radical polymerizable double bond. I can do it.

Alternatively, the object of the present invention can also be attained by an antistatic agent characterized in that the polymer has a quaternary ammonium base or a phosphonium base in addition to the functional group represented by Chemical formula 2 in the polymer. . 4 in this case
Examples of preferable monomers for introducing a quaternary ammonium base or a phosphonium base into the polymer include, but are not limited to, the following chemical formulas (10) to (20).

[0020]

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[0021]

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[0022]

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[0023]

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[0024]

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[0025]

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[0026]

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[0027]

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[0028]

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[0029]

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[0030]

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Alternatively, the object of the present invention is also achieved by an antistatic agent characterized in that the polymer has an alkyleneoxy group as a nonionic functional group in addition to the functional group represented by Chemical formula 2 in the polymer. Can be done. The nonionic functional group has the effect of lowering the resistance value as in the case of other anionic functional groups and cationic functional groups. It can be preferably selected because it has a function of improving the adhesiveness to the substrate. In this case, examples of preferable monomers for introducing the alkyleneoxy group into the polymer include, but are not limited to, the following Chemical Formulas 21 and 22. In addition, it is preferable to form an ion-conductive polymer by using a monomer having another anionic or cationic functional group in addition to the monomer having a nonionic functional group.

[0032]

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In Formula 21, n represents an integer of 1 to 25, and R ₃ and R ₄ represent hydrogen or a methyl group. R ₅
Represents hydrogen, a methyl group or a phenyl group.

[0034]

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In the formula, m represents an integer of 1 to 25, and R ₆ represents hydrogen or a methyl group.

That is, basically, the present invention uses a polymer having a conductive functional group for exhibiting a function as an antistatic agent in addition to the functional group represented by the chemical formula (2). By using a polymer having both anionic, cationic and nonionic functional groups as an antistatic agent, the object of the present invention can be achieved. Conditions for selecting any of anion, cation or nonion may be freely selected according to the purpose, but generally, if a cation is selected, a good antistatic performance with a lower surface resistance is exhibited. Although a film is obtained, there may be problems with the thermal stability, for example, coloring may occur if the film surface is exposed to high temperatures. When anion is selected, the thermal stability is generally good in many cases, so that the problem of coloring can be avoided, but sufficient antistatic performance cannot be obtained unless the coating thickness of the antistatic agent is increased to some extent. There is also. When nonionic is selected, the antistatic performance itself is inferior to cations and anions, but there is an advantage that transparency and adhesion are improved.

In addition to the antistatic performance, the role of the functional group represented by Chemical Formula 2 is to play a role in forming an antistatic layer by a method such as coating the antistatic agent on a support such as a film. If the functional group shown is present in the polymer, a reaction occurs between the functional groups of Chemical Formula 2 or with other functional groups due to heat or aging, forming a cross-linked structure. It is characterized in that a prevention film is formed. The molecular weight of the polymer is preferably in the range of 1,000 or more and several millions or less, for example, when the molecular weight of the polymer is 1,000 or less, the water resistance of the formed antistatic agent film is insufficient. When the molecular weight of the polymer exceeds several million, the solution viscosity is high, and it may be difficult to handle the material when it is applied to coating or the like.

In any of the above cases, the content of the repeating unit having a functional group represented by Chemical Formula 2 is preferably 0.1 to 70 parts by weight in the polymer composition. By introducing the monomer unit, the performance as an antistatic agent is sufficiently exhibited. In other words, when the monomer unit of Chemical Formula 2 is contained in the polymer at a ratio exceeding 70 parts by weight exceeding the above range, the functional group itself of Chemical Formula 2 does not contribute to the antistatic performance at all,
It is not preferable because the antistatic performance of the polymer as a whole decreases. The smaller the proportion of the repeating unit having the functional group represented by Chemical Formula 2 in the polymer, the higher the antistatic performance of the polymer itself. However, when the proportion of Chemical Formula 2 is 0.1 part by weight or less, Chemical Formula 2 Is not preferable because the effect obtained by introducing is difficult to appear. Only when the polymer contains a repeating unit having a functional group represented by Chemical formula 2 in the above range, both the antistatic performance and the water resistance of the antistatic film due to the formation of a crosslinked structure can be compatible.

When an antistatic layer is formed on a support such as a film, the antistatic layer can exhibit its function by the polymer of the present invention alone, but may be added with other polymers or additives for various purposes. An antistatic layer may be formed. The functional group represented by Chemical formula 2 is highly reactive and easily reacts with various polymers to easily form a crosslinked water-resistant film.
For example, it is preferable to form a coating film by mixing with a polymer such as gelatin or the like, since the film has a preferable property that the film becomes cross-linked and water-resistant, and the antistatic performance does not decrease even by a treatment such as washing with water. Alternatively, when gelatin is contained in the layer adjacent to the antistatic layer, the gelatin and the polymer according to the present invention undergo a crosslinking reaction at the interface between the layers,
It is preferable because the preferable property that the adhesion between the layers becomes very excellent can be exhibited.

It is also preferable to further introduce a functional group represented by the chemical formula 2 and a functional group other than the aforementioned anion, cation or nonionic group into the polymer according to the purpose and use. That is, in addition to the various monomers according to the present invention as described above when forming the polymer, for example, styrene, 4-methylstyrene, 4-hydroxystyrene, 4-carboxystyrene, 4-aminostyrene, Chloromethylstyrene, styrene derivatives such as 4-methoxystyrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, alkyl methacrylates such as dodecyl methacrylate, Aryl methacrylate or alkyl aryl esters such as phenyl methacrylate and benzyl methacrylate, and methacrylates containing amino group such as 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate Alternatively, as the acrylate, the same examples as the corresponding methacrylates, or a carboxy group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, monoalkyl maleate, and monoalkyl fumarate. Monomers having an amino group such as allylamine and diallylamine, or monomers having a nitrogen-containing heterocycle such as 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine, N-vinylimidazole, N-vinylcarbazole, or acrylonitrile;
Methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, diethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, N-methoxyethylacrylamide and other acrylamide or methacrylamide derivatives, furthermore, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloroacetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl stearate and vinyl benzoate, and vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether and butyl vinyl ether; and N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acryloyl morpholine, tetrahydro Furfuryl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, allyl alcohol,
Various monomers such as vinyltrimethoxysilane and glycidyl methacrylate can be appropriately used as a copolymerization monomer.

In the case where such other copolymerizable monomer is further introduced into the polymer, the ratio of the other monomer in the formed polymer is limited. That is,
If the other monomer is introduced in a proportion exceeding 70 parts by weight in the polymer, the antistatic performance may be impaired, which is not preferable, and the portion relating to the original antistatic performance in the polymer is It is necessary to reserve at least 30 parts by weight.

The object of the present invention is basically achieved by a polymer by using the above-mentioned monomers in the specified range, but by using such a polymer alone and applying it to the film surface, the charge is obtained. Although a protective film is formed, various additives can be preferably used in combination for the purpose of further improving the abrasion resistance, blocking resistance, water resistance and the like of the film. Examples of such additives include polymer emulsions such as styrene-butadiene-based latex, styrene-acryl-based latex, various acrylic emulsions, vinyl acetate-based latex, and polyurethane-based emulsion, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and carboxy. Various cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, various water-soluble polymers such as starch, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and chitosan, or inorganic fine particles such as silica, colloidal silica, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide, polystyrene fine particles, polymethyl methacrylate fine particles, and silicone-based fine particles. It is possible to preferably achieve the above object by adding organic polymer fine particles such as. When such an additive is used, the ratio of the two in the combination with the above antistatic agent becomes a problem, but the amount of the antistatic agent relative to the entire coating layer in the coating layer for forming the antistatic layer is problematic. The proportion is preferably at least 10 parts by weight, and if it is less than 10 parts by weight, the antistatic performance may be insufficient.

When the layer containing the above polymer is formed as a coating layer on a film support, it is further characterized that the surface has a good affinity for water, but the contact angle with water is usually 50 °. It is characterized by the following good wettability, and particularly good coating suitability when coating is further performed using an aqueous coating liquid. For example, when the antistatic agent according to the present invention is not coated on the film surface using a polyester film as a support, the aqueous coating solution is repelled on the surface and it is practically impossible to coat the film surface. Conversely, if a film coated with the antistatic agent according to the present invention alone or in combination with the additives described above is used, the wettability of the film surface with an aqueous coating liquid is very good. Becomes
Various aqueous coating liquids can be applied to the surface in a homogeneous state, and the adhesion between the formed coating film and the film can be made very good. The ionic conductive polymer having a functional group represented by Chemical Formula 2 has good adhesion to a support when coated, and further has another coating layer on the surface of the ionic conductive polymer coating layer. Even when formed, it has the feature that the adhesion with this other coating layer is extremely good,
This is considered to be due to the presence of the functional group represented by Chemical Formula 2 at the interface of the ion conductive polymer layer.

The adhesion of the film containing the antistatic agent is not limited to the above-mentioned water-based coating liquid, but also exhibits good adhesion to a coating liquid containing a water-free solvent-based binder or a printing ink. However, water-based coating, formaldehyde, glyoxal, succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent in addition to the polymer for the purpose of improving water resistance and surface adhesion regardless of solvent-based coating,
Examples of aldehyde-type cross-linking agents such as dialdehyde starch and polyacrolein, or N-methylol-type cross-linking agents include dimethylol urea, trimethylol melamine, dimethylol ethylene urea, hexamethylol melamine, dimethylol alkyl triazone, It is highly preferable to add a low molecular crosslinking agent such as methyloluron, dimethylolhydroxyethyleneurea, dimethylolpropyleneurea, or dimethylolcarbamate to form a crosslinked antistatic layer having good water resistance in a shorter time. Done. The reaction between the functional group shown in Chemical formula 2 and the above low-molecular crosslinking agent progresses slowly in a solution, and the storage stability of the solution is kept good for several hours or more. It is a very practically preferred combination because it exhibits a favorable property that the crosslinking reaction proceeds rapidly when dried.

Alternatively, by using a polymer having an aldehyde-type functional group or an N-methylol-type functional group in the side chain as the crosslinking agent for the polymer according to the present invention, the cross-linked water-resistant antistatic layer can be formed. It is very preferably carried out in forming. When such a polymer is used as a crosslinking agent in combination with a polymer which is an antistatic agent according to the present invention, the storage stability of a mixture of both polymers in a solution is further improved, It shows a favorable property that the properties of the solution do not change even in a coating operation over time.

The antistatic agent obtained in the present invention has no adverse effect such as fogging on photographic light-sensitive materials.
It can be suitably used as an antistatic agent or an antistatic film for photographic light-sensitive materials.

[0047]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples as well as the effects. Parts in Examples are parts by weight.

Synthesis Example 1 70 parts of sodium p-styrenesulfonate, 10 parts of acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 20 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were dissolved in 200 parts of distilled water and 50 parts of ethanol. It was dissolved and heated to 60 ° C. in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen inlet tube, and reflux condenser while heating to 60 ° C., and as a polymerization initiator, V-50 (2,2′-azobis) was used. (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
Was added to start polymerization. Polymerization was performed at this temperature for 5 hours to obtain a polymer solution having a weight average molecular weight of about 70,000.

Synthesis Examples 2 to 13 and Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 to 5 Polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 for the compositions shown in Table 1 to obtain respective polymers.

[0050]

[Table 1]

In Table 1, SSS: sodium p-styrenesulfonate QBm: p-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride NK: methoxypolyethylene glycol # 400 methacrylate (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., NK ester M)
-90G) DMAPAA-Q: (acryloylaminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, manufactured by Kojin Co., Ltd.) SAS: sodium allyl sulfonate.

Example 1 A polyester film subjected to an aqueous subbing treatment (a polyester film in which a subbing layer composed of a latex mainly composed of vinylidene chloride and ethyl acrylate is formed on a polyester film, and a gelatin layer is further provided as an upper layer) ) To prepare a coating solution having the composition shown in Table 2 so that the total solid content concentration including the polymer solution is 10%, and using a doctor bar, the coating amount is 1% per square meter in a dry state. It was applied so as to have a weight of 0.0 g and dried by a dryer. After leaving the coated and dried film at room temperature for 12 hours, various evaluations described later were performed. Table 3 shows the results.

[0053]

[Table 2]

[0054]

[Table 3]

In Table 3, the surface resistance of a fresh sample was measured by humidifying the sample for 12 hours in a temperature and humidity atmosphere of 20 ° C. and 65%, and then using a high-resistivity meter Hiresta IP manufactured by Mitsubishi Yuka Co., Ltd. Measured. After the water washing in the measurement of the surface resistance value, the sample was washed with warm water of 40 ° C. for 1 minute, dried and then conditioned at 20 ° C. in a 65% temperature and humidity atmosphere for 12 hours. Similarly, the surface resistance was measured. The adhesiveness (1) was evaluated by scratching the conductive treated surface in a 5 mm grid with a cutter knife, and after adhering the adhesive surface of the cellophane tape and then peeling off at once, evaluated whether or not a peeled portion would occur. Was done. The evaluation was performed on a three-point scale of （(no peeling at all), Δ (partially peeling), and × (peeling over half the area with respect to the adhesive surface of the cellophane tape). Evaluation of the adhesiveness (2) was carried out here by further applying a gelatin aqueous solution containing a curing agent (formalin) to the polymer-coated surface, drying the gelatin film at a temperature of 40 ° C. for 1 day, and sufficiently curing the film. Similar to the adhesiveness (1), the coated surface was scratched with a cutter knife in a 5 mm grid pattern, the adhesive surface of the cellophane tape was brought into close contact, and then the peeling was performed at a stretch. went. Evaluation is ○
(Not peeled off at all), △ (Partially peeled off), × (Peeled off in more than half the area with respect to the adhesive surface of cellophane tape)
The three-step evaluation was performed. The pot life was evaluated by allowing the solution in Table 2 containing both the polymer and the cross-linking agent to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, then measuring the solution viscosity, and coating and drying the polyester surface immediately after the solution adjustment. The same evaluation as the application was performed. In this case, the case where no increase in the solution viscosity was observed was evaluated as ○, and the case where a water-resistant film similar to that immediately after the solution adjustment was formed after the elapse of 24 hours was evaluated as ◎. Even when the solution viscosity increases, the case where coating is possible for several hours or more is regarded as △, and the case where application becomes impossible within several hours such as gelling of the solution due to the increase in viscosity is referred to as ×. did. In addition, the case where a cured film was not obtained even when the coating solution was applied was marked as "-".

Example 2 The ion-conductive polymer solution obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was used alone on a polyester film, and the coating dry thickness was 10%.
Direct coating was performed so as to have a thickness of 0 nm, and heat treatment was performed in a dryer at a temperature of 130 ° C for 1 hour. For comparison, the polymers obtained in Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 to 5 were coated in the same manner and subjected to a heat treatment in a drier to prepare comparative samples. About the polyester film thus obtained, Example 1
The surface resistance after fresh and washing and the adhesion (2) of the gelatin film when a gelatin aqueous solution containing formalin was further coated on the conductive treated surface were evaluated in the same manner as described above. When the polymer was coated, the change in the surface resistance before and after washing with water was in the range of about 10 ⁷ to 10 ⁸ similarly to the result of Example 1, and the results of the evaluation of the adhesion of the gelatin film were also It was good. In the case of the film coated with the polymer obtained in the comparative synthesis example, the surface resistance value of the film after water washing was 10 ¹³ or more in all cases, and the adhesiveness of the gelatin film was poor, as in Example 1. .

Example 3 The polymer obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was used and mixed so as to be equal to gelatin to prepare an aqueous solution containing 5% by weight of each of the polymer of Synthesis Example 1 and gelatin. This was applied to the same aqueous undercoating polyester film as used in Example 1 so that the dry film thickness was 1 micron,
Dry and heat at 40 ° C. for 12 hours. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed, and the surface resistance did not change before and after washing with water.
It showed a value of about 10 ¹⁰ , showing good adhesion to the film and good adhesion to the gelatin film when a gelatin layer was further applied.

Example 4 Synthesis Examples 1 to 25 obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Synthesis Example 1
5% of formalin added to the surface coated with an antistatic agent using a polyester film using
The gelatin aqueous solution was applied using a doctor bar so as to have a dry thickness of 2 μm and dried. On the opposite side of the film surface, a silver halide emulsion prepared by a conventional method was applied so as to have a silver amount of 3 g / m ² (gelatin amount of 2.5 g / m ² ), and further protection of the silver halide emulsion layer As a layer, a gelatin layer having a thickness of 0.8 g / m ² was formed on the surface of the emulsion layer to prepare each sample. 25 unexposed samples
After humidity control at 15 ° C. and a temperature and humidity of 15%, development processing was performed by repeatedly rubbing with a rubber roller in a dark room under the temperature and humidity conditions, and the occurrence of static marks was examined. When a film not coated with an antistatic agent was compared, static marks due to triboelectric charging were observed, but no static marks were observed in any of the films coated with the antistatic agent. . Further, for the film after the development processing, when the surface resistance value of the surface to which the antistatic agent was applied was measured, the film to which the antistatic agent of Synthesis Examples 1 to 25 was applied was about 10 ⁹ before the development processing, Even after the development processing, the surface resistance was about 10 ⁹ to 10 ¹⁰ , and the antistatic performance was maintained even after the development processing. On the other hand, in the case of the films using Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 to 5, the value of the surface resistance after the development treatment was as high as 10 ¹³ or more, and no antistatic performance was observed. From the above examples, it is apparent that the antistatic agent of the present invention or a film using the same can be suitably used in photographic light-sensitive materials.

[0059]

According to the present invention, the formed film provides a water-resistant antistatic film excellent in antistatic performance and excellent in transparency without deterioration over time. Furthermore, it can be used as a film having a high hydrophilicity on the surface and subjected to aqueous undercoating or easy adhesion.

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Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An antistatic agent which is a polymer having a functional group represented by Chemical Formula 1 in a conductive polymer. Embedded image In Chemical Formula 1, R ₁ represents an alkyl group. 2. An antistatic agent which is a polymer having a sulfonic acid group and a functional group represented by Chemical formula 1. 3. An antistatic agent which is a polymer having a quaternary ammonium base or a phosphonium base and a functional group represented by Chemical formula 1. 4. An antistatic agent, which is a polymer having an alkyleneoxy group and a functional group represented by Chemical formula 1. 5. An antistatic film coated with the antistatic agent of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4. 6. An antistatic layer comprising gelatin together with the antistatic agent according to claim 1, or a layer containing gelatin adjacent to the layer containing the antistatic agent. An antistatic film characterized by the following. 7. An antistatic film having an antistatic layer three-dimensionally crosslinked with an aldehyde-type crosslinking agent or an N-methylol-type crosslinking agent together with the antistatic agent according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4. . 8. An antistatic layer which is three-dimensionally crosslinked by blending another antipolymer having an N-methylol group with the antistatic agent according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4. Antistatic film. 9. A photographic light-sensitive material using the antistatic film shown in claim 5, 6, 7, or 8.