JPH102525A - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] Since the amounts of carbonized gas and combustible components generated in the horizontal rotating drum vary depending on the nature of the waste,
Provided is an apparatus for generating a predetermined carbonization gas by adjusting the amount of waste input. SOLUTION: A waste a is charged into a horizontal rotary drum 2,
Pyrolysis to generate a carbonization gas and a main pyrolysis residue, separate the pyrolysis residue into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, and supply the carbonized gas and the combustible component to a combustor. an apparatus for combustion treatment, detected by the combustor 8 detector 25 the amount of dry distillation gas supplied from horizontal rotary drum 2 to create a control signal V ₅ and input the signal to the controller 26, the control A waste disposal device that controls the input amount of waste a by a signal.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus, and more specifically, to pyrolyze waste by heating it under atmospheric pressure to produce a dry distillation gas and a pyrolysis residue.
The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus in which the carbonized gas and a combustible component separated from a pyrolysis residue are supplied to a combustor for combustion treatment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Waste is introduced into a horizontal rotary drum, which is a thermal decomposition reactor, as one of waste treatment apparatuses including general waste such as municipal waste and combustibles such as waste plastics. It is thermally decomposed by heating in a low-oxygen atmosphere to produce a pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components. After further cooling the decomposition residue, it is supplied to a separator to mainly use carbon. The combustible component and the non-combustible component composed of rubble such as metal, pottery, gravel, concrete pieces, etc. are separated, the combustible component is pulverized, and the pulverized combustible component and the carbonized gas described above are burned. Waste that is led to a melting furnace, which is a vessel, and burned in this melting furnace, and the resulting combustion ash and ash contained in the combustible components are converted into molten slag, and the molten slag is discharged and solidified by cooling. Processing equipment Known (for example, JP-64
No. 49816).

[0003]

By the way, in the above-mentioned waste treatment apparatus, the carbonization gas generated by the horizontal rotary drum and the combustible components separated from the pyrolysis residue are transferred to a melting furnace as a combustor. In order to perform stable combustion in this melting furnace, it is necessary to stably supply the carbonization gas and the combustible components to the melting furnace.

That is, the amounts of the carbonized gas and combustible components generated in the horizontal rotary drum vary depending on the nature of the waste. In order to stably burn in a melting furnace in response to such changes in the amount of carbonized gas and combustible components generated, it is conceivable to temporarily store these in a storage tank and supply them to the melting furnace. Can be However, this carbonization gas has a high temperature of about 450 ° C., and it is not only difficult to store the carbonization gas, but also if it is cooled to a low temperature, the combustion efficiency in the melting furnace deteriorates, and There is a problem that tar components and the like condense and adhere to the inside of the storage tank and the supply pipe system.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional apparatus, and is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems. The waste is charged into a horizontal rotating drum, which is a reactor, and the waste is heated and thermally decomposed to produce a dry distillation gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components. Separated into combustible components, the carbonized gas and the combustible components are supplied to a combustor to perform a combustion process, and the amount of the carbonized gas supplied to the combustor from the horizontal rotary drum is detected by a detector. It is another object of the present invention to provide a waste treatment apparatus in which a signal from the detector is input to a control device to generate a control signal, and the input amount of waste is controlled by the control signal.

The horizontal rotary drum is configured so that waste is fed by a screw feeder, and a driving signal for rotating the screw feeder is controlled by a control signal to adjust the number of rotations. Controlled. More preferably, the detector signal is input to a control device, where a first control signal and a second control signal are generated, wherein the first control signal controls the amount of waste input as described above. At the same time, the rotation speed of the horizontal rotary drum is controlled by the second control signal.

In the waste disposal apparatus configured as described above, when a predetermined amount of waste gas is generated by a predetermined amount of waste input, a horizontal rotation speed, and a heating temperature,
The amount of generated carbonized gas increases or decreases due to the change in the properties of the waste.However, a signal of a detector of the amount of generated carbonized gas is input to the control device, and a control signal is generated when the amount of the carbonized gas deviates from an allowable value. Adjust the amount of waste input. At this time, if the heating temperature is fixed, it takes time until the input waste is heated and thermally decomposed to reach a predetermined amount of dry distillation gas.

According to the knowledge of the present inventor, the amount of dry distillation gas generated in such a waste disposal apparatus can be temporarily controlled by changing the rotation speed of the horizontal rotary drum even at a predetermined waste input amount and heating temperature. It was found that the amount of carbonization gas generated changed. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, when the horizontal rotary drum is rotating at the rotation speed A, the amount of the dry distillation gas is x, and when the rotation speed of the horizontal rotary drum is increased to A ', As a result, the amount of dry distillation gas generated by the amount x 'increases. Thereafter, even if the rotation speed is maintained, the time t
, The amount of the dry distillation gas is reduced to the x amount.

On the other hand, the rotational speed of the horizontal rotary drum is
When the amount is reduced to y, the amount of generated carbonized gas is reduced to y, and thereafter, at time t, the amount of generated carbonized gas is increased to x. From such a phenomenon, it is possible to eliminate a time delay until a change in the amount of dry distillation gas generated when the input amount of the waste is adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the horizontal rotary drum.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. Reference numeral 1 denotes a screw feeder for feeding a waste a into a horizontal rotary drum 2 which is a pyrolysis reactor. A screw 3 constituting the screw feeder 1 is rotated by a driving device 4 such as an electric motor. ing.

The horizontal rotary drum 2 is sealed at its joint with the screw feeder 1 by a sealing mechanism (not shown), and the interior of the horizontal rotary drum 2 is below atmospheric pressure by an induction blower 5 provided at the final stage of the exhaust gas passage. , that is, held in a low-oxygen atmosphere, at about 300 ° C. to 600 ° C. the internal heating air b which has been heated by the air heater 6 in the subsequent stage is supplied through a line L ₁ of the melting furnace 8, usually 450
It is designed to be heated to about ° C.

The waste a charged into the horizontal rotary drum 2 by the screw feeder 1 is heated to generate a dry distillation gas G ₁ and a pyrolysis residue c mainly composed of non-volatile components. G ₁ and the pyrolysis residue c are separated by a discharge device 7, and the carbonization gas G ₁ is supplied via a line L ₂ from a burner 9 of a melting furnace 8 as a combustor.

On the other hand, the pyrolysis residue c is supplied to a cooling device 10, where it is cooled to a temperature at which there is no risk of ignition, for example, about 80 ° C. d and non-combustible components e such as metal, pottery, gravel, concrete pieces, etc.
This non-combustible component e is collected in the container 12. The combustible component d is milled, for example, 1mm or less in size by a pulverizer 13, the pulverized combustible component d 'is supplied to the burner 9 via line L _3.

Then, the combustible component d 'and the dry distillation gas G ₁ supplied through the line L ₂ are mixed with the combustion air f supplied from the line L ₄ by the forced blower 14 to about 1,3.
The fuel is burned at a high temperature of about 00 ° C., and the combustion ash generated at this time and the ash contained in the combustible components are melted here, become molten slag g, flow down, and are cooled and solidified in the water tank 15.

The combustion gas G ₂ generated in the melting furnace 7 is heat-recovered by an air heater 6 and a waste heat boiler 16 via a line L ₅ , and then is further dust-removed by dust collectors 17 a and 17 b, and has a relatively low temperature. most become clean exhaust gas G ₃ of released into the atmosphere from the chimney 18, the line part L
Through ₆ , it is supplied to the cooling device 10 as an inert gas. And 19 is steam S generated by the waste heat boiler 16.
A power generator that is generated by, 20 is a detector for detecting the amount of gas carbonization gas G ₁ arranged in a line L _2, the comparator 27 of the signal V ₁ was controller 26 of the detector 25 To be entered.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a storage device constituting the control device 26; 29, an arithmetic device; and 30, a control signal generation device. The storage device 28 has a predetermined carbonization gas generation amount is input, the signal V ₂ is input to the comparator 27, the signal V ₁ of the said detector 25 is compared in the comparator 27, its value If the signal V ₁ is becomes out of the allowable range of the signal V ₂ signal V ₃ is input to the arithmetic unit 29, wherein the predetermined signal V ₄ is inputted to the control signal creation unit 30. The control signal V ₅ is produced, the control signal V ₅ is applied to the driving unit 4 for driving the screw 3 of the screw feeder 1, input amount of waste a is adapted to be adjusted.

That is, when the amount of the carbonized gas G ₁ is smaller than a predetermined amount, the input amount of the waste a is increased, and when the amount of the carbonized gas G ₁ is large, the input amount of the waste a is decreased. It is controlled to make it. FIG. 2 shows another embodiment, in which the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 denote the same names.

[0018] a control unit by 26 control signal generating device 30 which constitutes the first control signal V ₅ (same as the control signal V ₅ in FIG. 1), and a second control signal V ₆ is created, the second control signal V ₆ of the is adapted to be applied to such a drive device 2a motor for rotating the horizontal rotary drum 2. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, at a predetermined amount of waste a and a predetermined heating air temperature, a predetermined dry distillation gas G _{1 is obtained.}
When the are driving a generation amount x, the property change of waste a began to decrease the generation amount x of carbonization gas G ₁ is at the point x ', and reaches a predetermined tolerance x-alpha, detection of FIG. 2 Vessel 2
5 signal V ₁ and the signal V ₂ from the storage unit 28 are compared by the comparator 27, the signal V ₃ is the arithmetic device 2 according to the deviation
Is inputted to 9, the rotational speed of the drive device 4 and the drive device 2a of the lateral rotary drum 2 of the screw feeder 1 is calculated to be required, the first control signal the signal V ₄ is inputted to the control signal creation unit 30 and V ₅ and the second control signal V ₆ is generated. And controlled to be higher rotational speed of the drive device 4 and the drive device 2a by this first signal V ₅ and the second control signal V _6.

As the number of revolutions of the screw feeder 1 increases, the input amount of the waste a increases, and
The generation amount x of ₁ gradually increases after a lapse of a predetermined time. Section of the change in the amount of generated gas G ₁ indicated by K in FIG. 3 shows the effect of the rotation speed. On the other hand, it is possible to drive 2a been an increase in the amount of generated carbonization gas G ₁ by the rotation speed increase of the lateral rotary drum 2 by a predetermined carbonization gas G ₁ of the generation amount x. In FIG. 3, the gas generation amount X has not reached the predetermined amount X in the section K, but reaches the target value after a certain time has elapsed.

The section T shows the effect of increasing the amount of waste a. By controlling both the driving device 4 of the screw feeder 1 and the driving speed of the driving device 2a of the horizontal rotary drum 2, both sections are controlled. it is possible to approach the early target value generation amount x of carbonization gas G _1. Note that the amount R of carbonized gas shows the overall effect of the effect of the rotation speed of the drum 2 and the effect of the change in the amount of waste a charged. From this data, the screw feeder 1 and the horizontal rotary drum 2 are used. By controlling both the number of rotations, it is possible to quickly reach the target value of the amount of the carbonized gas generated in response to the change in the properties of the waste a. It can drive stably.

The change in the amount of carbonization gas G ₁ shown by the dotted line t in FIG. 3 shows the case where only the driving device 2 a of the horizontal rotary drum 2 is controlled, and the carbonization in sections K and T shown by the solid line. The change indicated by the dotted line t with respect to the change in the gas generation amount indicates that the control takes time. Of course, after the predetermined carbonization gas G ₁ generation amount x is obtained, the rotational speed of the horizontal rotary drum 2 is reduced. When the amount of generated carbonization gas G ₁ to the contrary is large, waste a contrary to the
Is controlled so as to decrease the input amount of the horizontal rotary drum and the rotational speed of the horizontal rotary drum.

[0022]

As apparent from the foregoing description, according to the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the generation of variation of carbonization gas G ₁ by property change of waste a, combustor Therefore, there is an effect that the overall control of the waste treatment apparatus becomes easy as a result.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is another system diagram of the waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of revolutions of a horizontal rotary drum and the amount of carbonized gas generated.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Screw feeder 2 Horizontal rotary drum 2a Driving device 3 Screw 4 Driving device 5 Induction blower 6 Air heater 7 Discharge device 8 Melting furnace 9 Burner 10 Cooling device 11 Separation device 12 Container 13 Crusher 14 Pushing blower 15 Water tank 16 Waste heat boiler 17a, 17b Dust collection device 18 Chimney 19 Power generation device 25 Detector 26 Control device 27 Comparator 28 Storage device 29 Operation device 30 Control signal generation device

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A waste is charged into a horizontal rotary drum, which is a pyrolysis reactor in which the inside is kept at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, and the waste is heated and thermally decomposed, and is composed of a dry distillation gas and mainly non-volatile components. Generating a pyrolysis residue, separating the pyrolysis residue into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, supplying the dry distillation gas and the combustible component to a combustor for combustion treatment, The amount of dry distillation gas supplied to the combustor from the horizontal rotating drum is detected by a detector, and the signal of the detector is input to a control device to generate a control signal, and the input amount of waste is controlled by the control signal. A waste treatment apparatus characterized in that: 2. The waste is charged into a horizontal rotary drum, which is a pyrolysis reactor in which the inside is kept under atmospheric pressure, and the waste is heated and thermally decomposed to form a pyrolysis gas and a heat mainly composed of non-volatile components. Generating a pyrolysis residue, separating the pyrolysis residue into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, supplying the dry distillation gas and the combustible component to a combustor for combustion treatment, The amount of dry distillation gas supplied to the combustor from the rotating drum is detected by a detector, a signal from the detector is input to a control device, and a first control signal and a second control signal are generated. Wherein the amount of waste input is controlled by the control signal and the number of revolutions of the horizontal rotary drum is controlled by the second control signal. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein waste is fed into the horizontal rotary drum by a screw feeder, and the amount of waste is controlled by controlling the number of revolutions of the screw feeder by a control signal from a control device. 3. The waste disposal apparatus according to 1 or 2.