JPH10327700A - Cleaning of water for feeding aquatic life and aquatic life rearing installation - Google Patents
Cleaning of water for feeding aquatic life and aquatic life rearing installationInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10327700A JPH10327700A JP9144937A JP14493797A JPH10327700A JP H10327700 A JPH10327700 A JP H10327700A JP 9144937 A JP9144937 A JP 9144937A JP 14493797 A JP14493797 A JP 14493797A JP H10327700 A JPH10327700 A JP H10327700A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- breeding
- water
- nitrifying bacteria
- circulating
- breeding water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010410 calcium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000143395 Nitrosomonas sp. Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 10
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 nitrate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 description 3
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241000276569 Oryzias latipes Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001148162 Nitrobacter sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000108056 Monas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000605159 Nitrobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はメダカや金魚などの
水生生物飼育水の浄化方法及びかかる浄化機能を備えた
水生生物の飼育装置に関し、飼育水の入替えが困難な場
所、例えば宇宙での飼育実験等に特に有利に適用できる
同方法及び装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for purifying aquatic breeding water such as medaka and goldfish, and a breeding apparatus for aquatic creatures having such a purifying function. The present invention relates to the same method and apparatus that can be particularly advantageously applied to experiments and the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】水生動物の排泄物に由来するアンモニア
は生物に対し毒性を有するため、ゼオライト等の吸着剤
を使用して吸着除去し、有害なアンモニアの飼育水中へ
の蓄積を防止する方法が行われている。しかし、水生生
物飼育においては飼育生物に付着している硝化菌が自然
発生的に増殖し、アンモニアを亜硝酸イオン及び硝酸イ
オンに酸化する。アンモニアは硝酸イオンにまで酸化で
きればその毒性は１／１００以下に低下するが、亜硝酸
イオンの段階では毒性が強く、この形で蓄積すると飼育
性物に悪影響を及ぼし、特にメダカや金魚などの小動物
では１０ｐｐｍ程度の亜硝酸イオンの蓄積によって死亡
することが知られている。そのため、飼育水中に亜硝酸
イオンの蓄積を防ぐ方法が検討されており、硝化反応を
促進させるための硝化菌の混合液も市販されている。な
お、飼育水中の有機物については活性炭による吸着除去
が一般的である。2. Description of the Related Art Ammonia derived from excretions of aquatic animals is toxic to living organisms. Therefore, a method has been proposed in which ammonia is absorbed and removed using an adsorbent such as zeolite to prevent accumulation of harmful ammonia in breeding water. Is being done. However, in aquatic breeding, nitrifying bacteria adhering to the bred organism spontaneously grow and oxidize ammonia to nitrite and nitrate ions. If ammonia can be oxidized to nitrate ion, its toxicity will be reduced to 1/100 or less. However, it is highly toxic at the nitrite stage, and if it accumulates in this form, it will adversely affect breeding materials, especially small animals such as medaka and goldfish. It is known that mortality is caused by the accumulation of about 10 ppm of nitrite ions. Therefore, methods for preventing the accumulation of nitrite ions in the breeding water are being studied, and a mixed solution of nitrifying bacteria for accelerating the nitrification reaction is also commercially available. In addition, about the organic matter in breeding water, adsorption removal with activated carbon is common.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】これらの硝化菌混合液
は多孔質セラミックスやセメント焼結材などの担体に付
着させて充填層を設ける形で使用されるが、硝化菌混合
液は性能が立ち上がるまでに１ヵ月程度の長時間を必要
とすること、菌を大量に担体に付着させることが難しい
ことなどから、限られた容積内で高性能を発揮させ、維
持することは困難である。また、実験設備のように断続
的に使用する装置の場合、魚等を飼育しない期間が長期
になると付着した硝化菌が剥離を起こし、試験を再開す
る際に硝化性能が低下してしまう。すなわち、再使用の
前に再び硝化菌の馴致を初めから実施しなければなら
ず、試験工程上の損失が大きい。The nitrifying bacteria mixed solution is used in the form of providing a packed layer by adhering it to a carrier such as porous ceramics or cement sintering material. It takes a long time of about one month to complete, and it is difficult to adhere a large amount of bacteria to the carrier. Therefore, it is difficult to exhibit and maintain high performance in a limited volume. Further, in the case of a device that is used intermittently, such as an experimental facility, if the period during which fish and the like are not bred is long, the attached nitrifying bacteria will peel off, and the nitrification performance will decrease when the test is restarted. That is, before the reuse, the nitrifying bacteria must be re-adopted from the beginning, and the loss in the test process is large.
【０００４】本発明は前記従来技術の実状に鑑み、飼育
水槽内に硝化菌を高濃度で保持することができ、高効率
でアンモニアを硝酸イオンまで酸化することができ、断
続的に使用される装置に適用した場合にも性能の低下が
少なく使用開始時の性能の立ち上がりの早い飼育水浄化
方法及びかかる飼育水浄化機能を備えた水生生物の飼育
装置を提供することを目的とする。[0004] In view of the above-mentioned state of the art, the present invention can maintain nitrifying bacteria at a high concentration in a breeding aquarium, can oxidize ammonia to nitrate ions with high efficiency, and is used intermittently. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for purifying breeding water, which has a small decrease in performance even when applied to an apparatus, and has a rapid rise in performance at the start of use, and a breeding apparatus for aquatic organisms having such a breeding water purification function.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は（１）硝化菌を
用いて水生生物飼育装置の飼育水を浄化する方法におい
て、硝化菌を高分子担体に包括固定化した形で使用する
ことを特徴とする水生生物の飼育水浄化方法、（２）飼
育水が循環する飼育水槽と、該飼育水槽に飼育水を循環
させる水循環ポンプと、循環する飼育水の温度を調節す
る熱交換器と、循環する飼育水中の酸素と二酸化炭素の
交換を行う人工肺とを備えた水生生物飼育装置を用いて
水生生物の飼育を行うに際し、前記飼育水槽の循環水の
出口部分に硝化菌を高分子担体に包括固定化した包括固
定硝化菌の充填層と活性炭の充填層とを設け、循環する
飼育水中に含まれる水生動物の排泄物に由来するアンモ
ニア及び有機物を除去することを特徴とする水生生物の
飼育水浄化方法、（３）前記高分子担体がアルギン酸カ
ルシウム、ｋ−カラギーナン、寒天、ポリエチレングリ
コール、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルアルコールか
らなる群から選ばれる１種以上の高分子化合物からなる
担体であることを特徴とする前記（１）又は（２）の水
生生物の飼育水浄化方法、及び（４）飼育水が循環する
飼育水槽と、該飼育水槽に飼育水を循環させる水循環ポ
ンプと、循環する飼育水の温度を調節する熱交換器と、
循環する飼育水中の酸素と二酸化炭素の交換を行う人工
肺とを備えた水生生物飼育装置であって、前記飼育水槽
の循環水の出口部分に硝化菌を高分子担体に包括固定化
した包括固定硝化菌の充填層と活性炭の充填層とを設け
てなることを特徴とする飼育水の浄化機能を備えた水生
生物の飼育装置である。Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides (1) a method for purifying breeding water of an aquatic breeding apparatus using nitrifying bacteria, wherein the nitrifying bacteria are used in a form immobilized on a polymer carrier. A breeding water purification method for aquatic organisms, (2) a breeding aquarium in which the breeding water circulates, a water circulation pump for circulating the breeding water in the breeding aquarium, and a heat exchanger for adjusting the temperature of the circulating breeding water; When breeding aquatic organisms using an aquatic breeding apparatus equipped with an artificial lung for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in circulating breeding water, nitrifying bacteria are introduced into a polymer carrier at the outlet of circulating water in the breeding aquarium. An aquatic organism characterized by providing a packed bed of entrapped and fixed nitrifying bacteria and a packed bed of activated carbon, which are entrapped and immobilized, to remove ammonia and organic matter derived from excretion of aquatic animals contained in circulating breeding water. Breeding water purification method, 3) The polymer carrier according to (1), wherein the polymer carrier is a carrier comprising at least one polymer compound selected from the group consisting of calcium alginate, k-carrageenan, agar, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl alcohol. ) Or (2) the method of purifying breeding water for aquatic organisms, and (4) a breeding aquarium in which the breeding water circulates, a water circulation pump for circulating the breeding water in the breeding aquarium, and heat for controlling the temperature of the circulating breeding water. Exchanger and
An aquatic breeding device equipped with an artificial lung for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in circulating breeding water, wherein the nitrifying bacteria are entrapped and fixed in a polymer carrier at the outlet of the circulating water in the breeding aquarium. An aquatic breeding apparatus having a function of purifying breeding water, characterized in that it is provided with a bed of nitrifying bacteria and a bed of activated carbon.
【０００６】本発明においては、硝化菌として Nitroso
monas 属の亜硝酸菌と Nitrobacter属の硝酸菌との混合
物を使用する。これらの亜硝酸菌の代表的なものとして
は Nitrosomonas sp. ＭＫ−８（微工研菌寄第１２５５
５号）が、硝酸菌の代表的なものとしては Nitrobacter
sp.ＩＭ−２０３（微工研菌寄第１２５５６号）を挙げ
ることができる。[0006] In the present invention, Nitroso
Use a mixture of nitrites of the genus monas and nitrites of the genus Nitrobacter. Representative of these nitrites is Nitrosomonas sp. MK-8 (Microtechnical Laboratories No. 1255).
No. 5), but typical of nitric acid bacteria is Nitrobacter
sp. IM-203 (No. 12556).
【０００７】本発明の方法は前記硝化菌を高分子担体に
包括固定化した形で使用することを特徴とする。担体と
しては、微生物包括固定化用担体として使用されている
高分子化合物が使用できるが好ましい例としては、アル
ギン酸カルシウム、ｋ−カラギーナン又は寒天などの天
然高分子化合物及びポリエチレングリコール、ポリアク
リルアミド又はポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）などの
合成高分子化合物を挙げることができる。[0007] The method of the present invention is characterized in that the nitrifying bacteria are used in the form of being immobilized on a polymer carrier. As the carrier, a polymer compound used as a carrier for entrapping and immobilizing microorganisms can be used. Preferred examples include natural polymer compounds such as calcium alginate, k-carrageenan or agar, and polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide or polyvinyl alcohol. (PVA) and the like.
【０００８】硝化菌の包括固定化はそれ自体公知の方法
によって行うことができる。包括固定化方法の代表的な
例としては、架橋剤を含有したアクリルアミドモノマー
溶液と硝化菌とを懸濁させ、重合促進剤等を添加して適
当な成形型に入れて重合させるアクリルアミド法、硝化
菌とＰＶＡ溶液とを混合し、冷凍してゲル化させ、室温
で融解した後、適当な大きさに裁断、成形して固定化ゲ
ルとするＰＶＡ法、アルギン酸ナトリウムの溶液に硝化
菌を懸濁させ、塩化カルシウムなどの金属イオン含有溶
液に滴下してアルギン酸カルシウムビーズのような形で
ゲル化させるアルギン酸法などが挙げられる。The entrapment and immobilization of nitrifying bacteria can be carried out by a method known per se. Representative examples of the entrapping immobilization method include an acrylamide method in which an acrylamide monomer solution containing a crosslinking agent and nitrifying bacteria are suspended, a polymerization accelerator is added, and the mixture is put into an appropriate mold and polymerized. Bacteria and PVA solution are mixed, frozen and gelled, melted at room temperature, then cut into appropriate size, molded to form immobilized gel, PVA method, nitrifying bacteria are suspended in sodium alginate solution Then, an alginic acid method of dropping the solution into a metal ion-containing solution such as calcium chloride and gelling it in the form of calcium alginate beads can be used.
【０００９】硝化菌を包括固定化して使用することによ
り、浄化槽（飼育水槽）内に硝化菌を高濃度に保持する
ことができ、硝化性能が向上し、効率よくアンモニアを
硝酸イオンに酸化することができる。硝化により生成し
た硝酸イオンは循環水中に蓄積するが、毒性はアンモニ
アやＮＯ2 に比べ１／１００以下であり、問題はない。
また、包括固定化し、性能馴致した硝化菌は保存生が高
く、本発明者らの実験によれば、４℃で数カ月間保存し
た後でも速やかに性能が回復することが確認されてい
る。包括固定化された硝化菌は性能馴致の過程におい
て、包括ゲル内の微生物の比率が高くなり、最終的には
ほとんど全てが硝化菌のゲルとなる。このときのゲル内
の硝化菌の濃度は１×１０10個／ミリリットル程度であ
り、通常の多孔質セラミックスなどの担体に付着させた
硝化菌の１０倍以上の濃度を保持することができる。こ
のため、長期保存後における性能の回復も早いものと推
定される。[0009] By comprehensively fixing and using nitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria can be maintained at a high concentration in a septic tank (breeding aquarium), thereby improving nitrification performance and efficiently oxidizing ammonia to nitrate ions. Can be. Although nitrate ions generated by nitrification accumulates in the circulation water, toxicity is 1/100 or less compared with the ammonia or NO 2, no problem.
In addition, nitrifying bacteria immobilized comprehensively and whose performance has been adjusted are highly preserved, and according to experiments by the present inventors, it has been confirmed that the performance is quickly restored even after storage at 4 ° C. for several months. In the process of adapting the performance of the entrapping and immobilizing nitrifying bacteria, the ratio of microorganisms in the entrapping gel increases, and almost all of the nitrifying bacteria eventually becomes a nitrifying bacteria gel. At this time, the concentration of nitrifying bacteria in the gel is about 1 × 10 10 cells / milliliter, and the concentration of nitrifying bacteria at least 10 times higher than that of nitrifying bacteria adhered to a carrier such as ordinary porous ceramics can be maintained. For this reason, it is presumed that the recovery of performance after long-term storage is quick.
【００１０】前記浄化方法を適用した本発明の水生生物
飼育装置の１例について、そのフローシートを図１に示
す。この装置は宇宙などでの使用を想定し、完全密閉型
の飼育装置としたものである。飼育水槽１は実験対象と
なるメダカや金魚などの水生生物を飼育するスペースで
あり、循環する飼育水の出口部分に硝化菌を高分子担体
に包括固定化した包括固定硝化菌の充填層２と活性炭の
充填層３とが設けられており、包括固定硝化菌及び活性
炭により飼育水中のアンモニア及び有機物を除去する構
造となっている。飼育水７は水循環ポンプ４で送液さ
れ、循環経路に設けられた熱交換器５で温度調節、人工
肺６で二酸化炭素の除去と酸素の供給が行われて飼育水
槽１に循環される。従来のシステムでは包括固定硝化菌
の充填層２の代わりに硝化菌付着ろ材（多孔質セラミッ
クス、セメント焼結材など）の充填層又はゼオライトの
充填層が設けられている。FIG. 1 shows a flow sheet of one example of the aquatic breeding apparatus of the present invention to which the above-mentioned purification method is applied. This device is intended to be used in space and the like, and is a completely sealed breeding device. The breeding aquarium 1 is a space for breeding aquatic organisms, such as medaka and goldfish, to be tested. A packed layer 3 of activated carbon is provided, and has a structure in which ammonia and organic substances in the breeding water are removed by the comprehensive fixed nitrifying bacteria and activated carbon. The breeding water 7 is fed by a water circulation pump 4, temperature is controlled by a heat exchanger 5 provided in a circulation path, carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is supplied by an artificial lung 6, and is circulated to the breeding aquarium 1. In the conventional system, a packed layer of a nitrifying bacteria-attached filter medium (porous ceramics, cement sintered material, etc.) or a packed layer of zeolite is provided in place of the packed layer 2 of the comprehensive fixed nitrifying bacteria.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】以下実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説
明する。 （実施例１）図１の構成の包括固定化硝化菌の充填層を
設けた装置を用いて、水生生物の飼育水を模擬した塩化
アンモニウム水溶液を使用して飼育水浄化試験を行っ
た。なお、硝化菌は亜硝酸菌である Nitrosomonas sp.
ＭＫ−８（微工研菌寄第１２５５５号）と硝酸菌である
Nitrobacter sp.ＩＭ−２０３（微工研菌寄第１２５５
６号）とを５０％ずつ混合したもの（混合前の亜硝酸菌
及び硝酸菌はいずれも単離された純粋菌）を使用した。The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. (Embodiment 1) A breeding water purification test was carried out using an ammonium chloride aqueous solution simulating the breeding water of aquatic organisms using an apparatus provided with a packed layer of entrapping immobilized nitrifying bacteria having the configuration shown in FIG. Nitrifying bacteria are Nitrosomonas sp.
MK-8 (Microtechnical Laboratories No. 12555) and nitric acid bacteria
Nitrobacter sp. IM-203 (1255
No. 6) were mixed with each other by 50% (the nitrite and nitrate before mixing were both pure bacteria isolated).
【００１２】（包括固定硝化菌の製造）包括固定化用担
体としてポリビニルアルコールを使用し、以下に示すそ
れ自体公知の方法により包括固定硝化菌ゲル（ゲルの形
の包括固定硝化菌）を製造した。製造は次の〜の工
程にしたがって行った。 前記の純粋硝化菌を培養し、遠心分離器によって菌体
を回収する。 回収した菌を５０ミリリットルの生理食塩水に懸濁す
る。 ポリビニルアルコール（クラレ社製、ＰＶＡ−ＨＣ）
１０ｇを水５０ミリリットルに溶解させる。 前記の硝化菌懸濁液を前記のポリビニルアルコール
水溶液に混合し、均一になるまで攪拌する。 均一になった液を金属製のバットに厚さ３〜５ｍｍと
なるように流し込む。 −２０℃以下の冷凍庫で約１晩保持し、凍結固化させ
る。 室温で解凍後、得られたゲルを３〜５ｍｍ角に裁断す
る。 ゲルを生理食塩水で洗い、未反応のポリビニルアルコ
ールを十分除去する。 このようにして１ミリリットル当たり約１×１０10個の
硝化菌を含む包括固定硝化菌ゲルを得た。(Production of entrapping immobilized nitrifying bacteria) Using polyvinyl alcohol as an entrapping immobilization carrier, entrapping immobilizing nitrifying bacteria gel (entrapping immobilizing nitrifying bacteria in gel form) was produced by a method known per se described below. . The production was carried out according to the following steps: The pure nitrifying bacteria are cultured, and the cells are collected by a centrifuge. The collected bacteria are suspended in 50 ml of physiological saline. Polyvinyl alcohol (Kuraray, PVA-HC)
10 g are dissolved in 50 ml of water. The nitrifying bacteria suspension is mixed with the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and stirred until the mixture becomes homogeneous. The homogenized liquid is poured into a metal vat so as to have a thickness of 3 to 5 mm. Keep in a freezer at -20 ° C or lower for about one night, and freeze and solidify. After thawing at room temperature, the obtained gel is cut into 3 to 5 mm squares. The gel is washed with physiological saline to sufficiently remove unreacted polyvinyl alcohol. In this way, an inclusive immobilized nitrifying bacteria gel containing about 1 × 10 10 nitrifying bacteria per milliliter was obtained.
【００１３】（飼育水浄化試験）包括固定硝化菌の充填
部２を、前記のようにして製造した包括固定硝化菌ゲル
を用いて形成した図１に示す構成の水生生物飼育装置を
使用して表１に示す条件で水生生物の飼育水を模擬した
塩化アンモニウム水溶液を循環させて飼育水浄化試験を
行った。アンモニアは２ｇ−Ｎ／リットルの塩化アンモ
ニウム水溶液を１回／日の割合で５０ミリリットルずつ
添加した。硝化性能の上昇は添加する塩化アンモニウム
水溶液の濃度を上げることによって調整した。なお、水
質分析は１日１回飼育水をサンプリングし、アンモニア
濃度を測定し、アンモニアの減少速度をもって硝化性能
を評価した。また、比較のため前記包括固定硝化菌ゲル
の代わりにセラミックろ材（直径約５ｍｍのシリカ−ア
ルミナ球）を担体として前記の硝化菌を付着担持させた
もの（菌体付着量約１×１０8〜３×１０8 個／ミリリ
ットル）を使用して同様の試験を行った。(Breeding Water Purification Test) Using the aquatic organism breeding apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 in which the filling section 2 of the entrapping fixed nitrifying bacteria is formed using the entrapping fixing nitrifying bacteria gel produced as described above. A breeding water purification test was conducted by circulating an aqueous ammonium chloride solution simulating the breeding water of aquatic organisms under the conditions shown in Table 1. As for ammonia, 50 g of 2 g-N / l aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added at a rate of once per day. The increase in nitrification performance was adjusted by increasing the concentration of the added ammonium chloride aqueous solution. In the water quality analysis, the breeding water was sampled once a day, the ammonia concentration was measured, and the nitrification performance was evaluated based on the ammonia decreasing rate. For comparison, the above-mentioned nitrifying bacteria were attached and supported using a ceramic filter medium (silica-alumina spheres having a diameter of about 5 mm) as a carrier instead of the above-mentioned inclusive fixed nitrifying bacteria gel (the amount of cells attached was about 1 × 10 8 to 10 μm). (3 × 10 8 / ml).
【００１４】[0014]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１５】前記飼育水浄化試験の結果（飼育水中のＮ
Ｈ4 −Ｎ及びＮＯ2 −Ｎが残存しない負荷量）を図２に
示す。図２中の実線は包括固定硝化菌を使用したもので
あり、破線はセラミックろ材を付着用担体として使用し
たものである。図２から明らかなように本発明に係る包
括固定硝化菌を使用することにより、飼育水の浄化性能
が著しく向上する。The results of the breeding water purification test (N in breeding water)
FIG. 2 shows the amount of load in which H 4 —N and NO 2 —N do not remain. The solid line in FIG. 2 is obtained by using the inclusive nitrifying bacteria, and the broken line is obtained by using the ceramic filter medium as a carrier for attachment. As is clear from FIG. 2, the purification performance of breeding water is remarkably improved by using the inclusive nitrifying bacteria according to the present invention.
【００１６】（実施例２）実施例１で使用したものと同
じ包括固定硝化菌ゲル及び硝化菌を付着させたセラミッ
クろ材を使用して保存性の評価試験を行った。馴致運転
により硝化性能を所定の能力まで高めておいた包括固定
硝化菌及びセラミックろ材付着硝化菌を４℃で１ケ月冷
蔵保存した。その後、この包括固定硝化菌及びセラミッ
クろ材付着硝化菌を図１に示す構成の水生生物飼育装置
に充填し、実施例１と同様にアンモニア負荷を与えなが
ら硝化性能の変化を調べた。なお、硝化性能は飼育水中
のアンモニア濃度の経時変化で評価した。(Example 2) The same comprehensive immobilized nitrifying bacteria gel as used in Example 1 and a ceramic filter medium to which nitrifying bacteria were adhered were used to carry out an evaluation test of the storage stability. Comprehensive fixed nitrifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria attached to a ceramic filter medium, whose nitrification performance had been raised to a predetermined level by the adaptation operation, were refrigerated at 4 ° C. for one month. Thereafter, the aforesaid fixed nitrifying bacteria and the nitrifying bacteria attached to the ceramic filter medium were filled in an aquatic breeding apparatus having the structure shown in FIG. 1, and changes in nitrification performance were examined while applying an ammonia load in the same manner as in Example 1. The nitrification performance was evaluated based on the change over time in the ammonia concentration in the rearing water.
【００１７】試験結果を図３に示す。図３中の実線は包
括固定硝化菌を使用したものであり、破線はセラミック
ろ材を付着用担体として使用したものである。図３から
本発明に係る包括固定硝化菌は約１週間で所定性能を回
復しており、セラミックろ材付着硝化菌に比較して著し
く回復が早く、保存性に優れていることがわかる。FIG. 3 shows the test results. The solid line in FIG. 3 is the one using the inclusive nitrifying bacteria, and the broken line is the one using the ceramic filter medium as the carrier for attachment. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the comprehensive fixed nitrifying bacteria according to the present invention recovered the predetermined performance in about one week, remarkably recovered faster than the nitrifying bacteria attached with the ceramic filter medium, and were excellent in preservability.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】本発明の方法により硝化菌を高分子担体
により包括固定化した形で使用することにより、飼育水
槽内に硝化菌を高濃度で保持することができ、高効率で
アンモニアを硝酸イオンまで酸化することができる。ま
た、硝化菌の保存性が向上するので、断続的に使用され
る装置に適用した場合にも性能の低下が少なく使用開始
時の性能の立ち上がりが早いという利点がある。すなわ
ち、本発明の方法により、水生生物飼育装置の飼育水浄
化性能及び硝化菌の保存性が向上し、水生生物飼育装置
の信頼性の向上につながる効果がある。また、保存性の
向上によって硝化菌を固定した担体の大量生産の可能性
が見出され、緊急時のバックアップ用などに硝化菌を固
定した担体を保存しておくことができるなどその効果は
大きい。According to the method of the present invention, nitrifying bacteria can be retained in a breeding aquarium at a high concentration by using the nitrifying bacteria immobilized and immobilized on a polymer carrier. It can be oxidized to ions. In addition, since the preservability of the nitrifying bacteria is improved, there is an advantage that the performance is less reduced and the performance rises quickly at the start of use even when applied to an apparatus used intermittently. That is, the method of the present invention improves the breeding water purification performance of the aquatic organism breeding apparatus and the preservability of nitrifying bacteria, and has the effect of improving the reliability of the aquatic organism breeding apparatus. In addition, the possibility of mass production of nitrifying bacteria-immobilized carriers has been found due to the improvement of preservation, and the effect of nitrifying bacteria-immobilized carriers can be preserved, such as for emergency backup, and the effect is great. .
【図１】本発明の方法を適用した水生生物飼育装置の１
例を示すフローシート。FIG. 1 shows an aquatic organism breeding apparatus to which the method of the present invention is applied.
Flow sheet showing an example.
【図２】実施例１における硝化性能評価試験結果を示す
グラフ。FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a nitrification performance evaluation test in Example 1.
【図３】実施例２における保存性評価試験結果を示すグ
ラフ。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of a storage stability evaluation test in Example 2.
Claims (4)
水を浄化する方法において、硝化菌を高分子担体に包括
固定化した形で使用することを特徴とする水生生物の飼
育水浄化方法。1. A method for purifying breeding water of an aquatic organism breeding device using nitrifying bacteria, wherein the nitrifying bacteria are used in a state of being entrapped and fixed in a polymer carrier. .
槽に飼育水を循環させる水循環ポンプと、循環する飼育
水の温度を調節する熱交換器と、循環する飼育水中の酸
素と二酸化炭素の交換を行う人工肺とを備えた水生生物
飼育装置を用いて水生生物の飼育を行うに際し、前記飼
育水槽の循環水の出口部分に硝化菌を高分子担体に包括
固定化した包括固定硝化菌の充填層と活性炭の充填層と
を設け、循環する飼育水中に含まれる水生動物の排泄物
に由来するアンモニア及び有機物を除去することを特徴
とする水生生物の飼育水浄化方法。2. A breeding aquarium in which the breeding water circulates, a water circulation pump for circulating the breeding water in the breeding aquarium, a heat exchanger for controlling the temperature of the circulating breeding water, and oxygen and carbon dioxide in the circulating breeding water. When breeding aquatic organisms using an aquatic breeding apparatus equipped with an artificial lung that performs replacement of the nitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria are comprehensively immobilized on a polymer carrier at the outlet of circulating water in the breeding aquarium. A method for purifying breeding water for aquatic organisms, comprising: providing a packed bed of activated carbon and a packed bed of activated carbon to remove ammonia and organic substances derived from aquatic animal excrement contained in circulating breeding water.
ム、ｋ−カラギーナン、寒天、ポリエチレングリコー
ル、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルアルコールからな
る群から選ばれる１種以上の高分子化合物からなる担体
であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の水生生
物の飼育水浄化方法。3. The polymer carrier according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is made of one or more polymer compounds selected from the group consisting of calcium alginate, k-carrageenan, agar, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl alcohol. The method for purifying breeding water for aquatic organisms according to claim 1 or 2.
槽に飼育水を循環させる水循環ポンプと、循環する飼育
水の温度を調節する熱交換器と、循環する飼育水中の酸
素と二酸化炭素の交換を行う人工肺とを備えた水生生物
飼育装置であって、前記飼育水槽の循環水の出口部分に
硝化菌を高分子担体に包括固定化した包括固定硝化菌の
充填層と活性炭の充填層とを設けてなることを特徴とす
る飼育水の浄化機能を備えた水生生物の飼育装置。4. A breeding aquarium in which the breeding water circulates, a water circulation pump for circulating the breeding water in the breeding aquarium, a heat exchanger for adjusting the temperature of the circulating breeding water, and oxygen and carbon dioxide in the circulating breeding water. An aquatic organism breeding device equipped with an artificial lung for exchanging an air, wherein a packed bed of entrapping fixed nitrifying bacteria in which nitrifying bacteria are entrapped and immobilized on a polymer carrier at an outlet portion of circulating water of the breeding aquarium, and a filling of activated carbon A breeding device for aquatic organisms having a function of purifying breeding water, characterized by comprising a layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9144937A JPH10327700A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Cleaning of water for feeding aquatic life and aquatic life rearing installation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9144937A JPH10327700A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Cleaning of water for feeding aquatic life and aquatic life rearing installation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10327700A true JPH10327700A (en) | 1998-12-15 |
Family
ID=15373667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9144937A Withdrawn JPH10327700A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Cleaning of water for feeding aquatic life and aquatic life rearing installation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10327700A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103039402A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-17 | 苏州市冯氏实验动物设备有限公司 | Unitized toad breeding system |
| CN104585081A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-05-06 | 杭州千岛湖鲟龙科技股份有限公司 | Underground water circulation water-saving type sturgeon ecological breeding method |
| CN110896911A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-24 | 天津农学院 | A construction method of a pond culture circulating water system |
| CN114806959A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-29 | 济南大学 | Microbial preparation and culture water purification method |
| JP2024157354A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2024-11-07 | オリエンタル白石株式会社 | Aquaponics System |
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1997
- 1997-06-03 JP JP9144937A patent/JPH10327700A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103039402A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-17 | 苏州市冯氏实验动物设备有限公司 | Unitized toad breeding system |
| CN104585081A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-05-06 | 杭州千岛湖鲟龙科技股份有限公司 | Underground water circulation water-saving type sturgeon ecological breeding method |
| CN110896911A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-24 | 天津农学院 | A construction method of a pond culture circulating water system |
| CN110896911B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-03-29 | 天津农学院 | Method for constructing pond culture circulating water system |
| CN114806959A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-29 | 济南大学 | Microbial preparation and culture water purification method |
| CN114806959B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2024-02-13 | 济南大学 | Microbial preparation and culture water purification method |
| JP2024157354A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2024-11-07 | オリエンタル白石株式会社 | Aquaponics System |
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