JPH10507650A - 外科用ステープル打ち器具及びその方法 - Google Patents

外科用ステープル打ち器具及びその方法

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JPH10507650A
JPH10507650A JP8502158A JP50215896A JPH10507650A JP H10507650 A JPH10507650 A JP H10507650A JP 8502158 A JP8502158 A JP 8502158A JP 50215896 A JP50215896 A JP 50215896A JP H10507650 A JPH10507650 A JP H10507650A
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クリストファー フランシス ヘック
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ハートポート インコーポレイテッド
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis, e.g. in a single operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis, e.g. in a single operation
    • A61B17/1152Staplers for performing anastomosis, e.g. in a single operation applying the staples on the outside of the lumen
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis, e.g. in a single operation
    • A61B17/1155Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00238Type of minimally invasive operation
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/08Wound clamps or clips, i.e. not or only partly penetrating the tissue ; Devices for bringing together the edges of a wound
    • A61B2017/081Tissue approximator
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B2017/1107Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis for blood vessels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B2017/1135End-to-side connections, e.g. T- or Y-connections
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/04Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
    • A61F2/06Blood vessels
    • A61F2/064Blood vessels with special features to facilitate anastomotic coupling

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Abstract

(57)【要約】 器具(10)は、管状組織構造(20)内を通過するのに十分な外周を有するロッド(12)と、該ロッド(12)に取り付けられたアンビル(14)と、複数のステープル(210)を収容した略管状のステープルカートリッジ(26)と、を備えている。アンビル(12)と略管状のステープルカートリッジ(26)は、ロッド(12)とステープルカートリッジ(26)の内側表面との間で管状の組織構造(20)を軸線方向に収容するに十分であり、且つ、ステープルカートリッジ(26)をロッド(12)に沿って軸線方向に移動させるに十分である。ステープルカートリッジ(26)のステープル供給端部は、アンビル(14)のステープル変形手段(74)に対向して位置決めされており、管状組織構造(20)をその上に外転させ得る程度に小さい外側寸法を有する。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 外科用ステープル打ち器具及びその方法 発明の分野 本発明は、一般的には、外科用ステープル打ち器具に関し、特に、血管内腔等 の管腔組織の吻合術用ステープル打ちのための改良された装置及び方法に関する 。 発明の背景 従来技術では、消化管(即ち、食道、胃、結腸等)の一部の端端吻合や端側吻 合に用いる外科用ステープル打ち器具が、種々知られている。これらの器具は、 様々な直径の管状組織を収容すべく様々な寸法の略中空円筒の形をしたステープ ルカートリッジを採用している。端端吻合や端側吻合は、少なくとも一つの外科 用ステープルの環を用いて達成される。 外科用ステープル吻合術のための伝統的な技術には、ステープル打ちすべき管 状組織内にステープル打ちカートリッジを位置決めすることが含まれる。管状組 織の切断端部は、ステープルカートリッジの環状端部上に内転され(即ち、内側 に折り曲げられ)、ステープル打ちにより内転吻合部を形成する。内転吻合術の 本質的な要求条件は、吻合接続部から余分な組織を削除するためのナイフをステ ープルカートリッジハウジング内に備えることである。 従来技術の吻合用ステープル打ち器具は、略円形の吻合接続部を形成し、主と して消化組織に使用が限定されていた。端側血管吻合において、円形接続部は、 楕円接続よりも、生理的で自然なところに欠けるので不利な場合もある。この不 自然な接続のため、血液が吻合部を通過する際に乱流を引き起こし、血管の内膜 (即ち内壁)を損傷したり、凝血塊の形成を促進することもある。 現在の技術水準では、血管間の端端及び端側吻合は、代表的には手縫い縫合技 術により行われてきた。これらの技術は手間がかかるのみならず、ステープル打 ちと比較すると、信頼性に劣り、人間の過失の影響を受けることも多い。しかし ながら、消化管に使用される現在のステープル打ち器具は、寸法が大きくしかも 非円形の低乱流吻合を行うことができないので、血管吻合には適さない。代表的 な従来技術の装置は、約8cm(3インチ)の外周を有するので、外周がそれぞ れ.50乃至1.0cm及び1.5乃至2.5cmである冠状動脈及び静脈を収 容するには太過ぎる。 従来のステープル打ち器具のもう一つの欠点は、外転(即ち外側に折り曲げる )吻合を行い得ないことである。内転血管吻合は、血管の切断端部を血管内腔に 晒すので、凝血塊を形成し易い。このため、時間的及び信頼性における欠点にも かかわらず、血管接続の場合は手縫いの外転吻合が好ましい。 従って、本発明の一般的な目的は、血管吻合のための改良された器具及び方法 を提供することである。 また、血管内腔を収容し得る程度に十分小さい外科用ステープル打ち器具を提 供することも本発明の目的である。 本発明の別の目的は、外転縫合を行うための外科用ステープル打ち器具を提供 することである。 本発明の他の目的は、吻合接続部から過度の組織の除去を必要としない外科用 ステープル打ち方法を提供することである。 本発明の更に別の目的は、従来技術より手間がかからず、しかも信頼性に優れ た血管吻合器具及び方法を提供することである。 発明の概要 本発明は、従来技術の構造の欠点を克服しつつ上述した利点を実現した、血管 吻合術用の新規な器具及び方法を提供する。 極めて一般的に言えば、本発明の外科用ステープル打ち器具は、少なくとも一 つの端部を有する管状組織構造を、血管内腔又は他の管状組織構造等の管腔構造 に、ステープル結合するためのものである。器具は、管状組織構造内を通過する に十分な外周を有するロッドと、該ロッドに取り付けられたアンビルと、複数の ステープルを収容するための略管状のステープルカートリッジと、を備えている 。アンビルは、ステープル変形手段のアレイを有し、外科的に形成された開口部 を通過するに十分で且つ管腔構造内に収容されるに十分な寸法を有する。ステー プルカートリッジの内側通路は、ロッドとステープルカートリッジの内側表面と の間に管状組織構造を軸線方向に収容するのに十分であり、且つ、ステープルカ ートリッジをロッドに沿って軸線方向に移動せしめるのに十分である。ステープ ル カートリッジのステープル供給端部は、アンビルのステープル変形手段に対向し て位置決めされ、管状組織構造をその上に外転させ得る程度に小さい外側寸法を 有する。挟持機構は、管状組織構造の外転部及び管腔構造を、外科的に形成した 開口部の近傍で、ステープルカートリッジとアンビルとの間に固定する。次に、 複数のステープルを射出して管状組織構造の外転部及び管腔構造を貫通させ、ス テープル変形手段と係合させてステープルを変形し、以て、管状組織構造と管腔 構造との間に結合部を形成する。 図面の詳細な説明 図1乃至図7を参照すると、二つの遠位即ち開放端部を有する管状血管の吻合 ステープル打ちに最も適した、本発明の構造実施形態が示されている。以下の詳 細な説明から明らかなように、本実施形態即ち遠位ステープラは、バイパス血管 を冠状動脈或いは大動脈に一次吻合接続するための心肺バイパス手術中に使用す ることが理想的である。 先ず図1を参照すると、図7に示したような本発明の完全に構成された遠位ス テープラの部分10は、その遠位端部16にアンビル14を取り付けた細長い中 央ロッド12を備えている。アンビル14は、円形、楕円或いは滴形のディスク であり、溶接等の適当な手段により、中央ロッド12の端部に、それと直交する ように且つアンビルの中心で、取り付けられている。アンビル14の縁部は、ボ タン穴を通るボタンのように、アンビル14が血管壁内の切り口を容易に摺動し 得るように、面取りされているか、或いは、全体的に丸められている。 中央ロッド12は、符号20として破線で示した連結すべき管状血管を軸線方 向に貫通し得るに十分な外周を有する。中央ロッド12は、また、中央ロッド1 2との間に管状血管20を収容するに十分な内周部を有する連続的な軸28を協 働して形成する管状ハウジング22、ドライバピン24、及びステープルカート リッジ26内を、軸線方向に延びる。ステープルカートリッジ26は、管状血管 20の外転端部34を収容するに十分な外周部を有する。カートリッジ26の唇 状部36は、管状血管20の外転を容易にするために、テーパ付けされている。 アンビル14は、ステープルカートリッジ16の外周部に等しい寸法の外周を有 する。 血管の外周は、冠状動脈の場合で.50乃至1.0cm、静脈の場合で1.5 乃至2.5cmである。従って、ステープラ10の上述した外周は全て、連結す べき血管を最適に且つ同軸的に収容し得る寸法を有する。 アンビル14とは反対側の中央ロッド12の端部は、円筒状基部40の中心に 、好ましくは溶接で取り付けられている。基部40は、(図7に参照符号106 で示したように)管状ハウジング22内を同軸的に延び、管状ハウジング22内 を摺動するに十分な外周を有する。収容された管状血管20は、中央ロッド12 に沿って円筒状基部40まで延びる。基部40近傍の中央ロッド12の表面には 、紐46で管状血管20をロッド12に固定し易くするために、円周溝44が設 けられている。同様に、血管20の外転端部34をステープルカートリッジ26 に固定するために、円周溝48と紐50が設けられている。外転血管を固定する ためのステープルカートリッジ26の代替実施形態は、カートリッジの端部36 の外周に沿って小さなフックを備えている。同様に、固定機能を果たす他の適当 な手段を、用いてもよい。 次に図2を参照すると、図1の矢印2−2の方向における本発明のステープラ 10の断面図が示されている。ここで、環状ステープルカートリッジのステープ ル供給端部60は、ステープル供給手段即ちステープル軸62の環状アレイを収 容するように図示されている。しかしながら、本発明は、単一のステープル軸ア レイに限定されるものではない。吻合手術用にステープル軸を複数の同心アレイ 即ち列状に配設することは、当業界で一般に知られている。ステープル軸アレイ 62からは、狭い溝68のアレイが延びている。各狭い溝は、各ステープル軸に 対応する。溝アレイ68は、専ら製造目的で使用され、本発明の必要な要素では ない。中央ロッド64及びその基部66は、円筒状のステープルカートリッジ6 0内で中心にくるように軸線方向に位置決めされている。 図3は、図1の矢印3−3の方向におけるアンビル70の下面図である。アン ビル70は、ステープルを変形させるための手段のアレイ74を有する。中央ロ ッド取付部72は、ステープル変形手段74のアレイを形成したアンビル70の 中心に位置決めされている。ステープル変形手段は、ここでは、図2のステープ ルカートリッジのステープル軸62の対応アレイから突出するステープルを折り 曲げるための凹部対のアレイから成る。 図4には、図3の矢印4−4の方向におけるアンビル70の断面図が示されて いる。各凹部対76は、ステープル脚部を径方向内側に折り曲げるように湾曲し ている。突出したステープルは、各凹部対の凹部間の間隔78に応じて径方向内 側又は径方向外側に折り曲げることができる。また、各凹部を現在の位置と直角 に位置決めし、突出軸線と直角にステープル脚部を折り曲げることもできる。 環状の構成要素外周を有する環状の形成用ステープル打込器として本発明を主 に説明し図示してきたが、楕円、滴形その他の略卵形の外周を有する形成用ステ ープル打込器の別の実施形態も実現可能である。従って、これらの別の実施形態 のアンビル及び関連したステープル凹部アレイ、並びにカートリッジハウジング 及び関連したステープル軸アレイは、所望のステープル打込器の形状の外周を有 する。例えば、図5及び図6は、それぞれ、滴形の外周を有するアンビル及びス テープルカートリッジを示す。 図5は、滴形のステープルカートリッジの断面図である。ステープルカートリ ッジのステープル供給端部80は、ステープル供給手段即ちステープル軸82の 滴形アレイを含むように図示されている。ステープル軸アレイ82からは、狭い 溝84が延びており、各狭い溝は、各ステープル軸に対応している。溝アレイ8 4は、専ら製造目的で使用され、本発明の不可欠な要素ではない。中央ロッド8 6及びその基部88は、滴形のステープルカートリッジ80の円筒部内に同軸的 に中心にくるように位置決めされている。 図6は、滴形のアンビル90の下面図である。中央ロッド取付部92は、アン ビル90の円形部の中心に位置決めされている。アンビル90には、図5のステ ープルカートリッジのステープル軸82の対応アレイから突出したステープルを 折り曲げるための凹部対94から成るステープル変形手段のアレイが形成されて いる。 次に図7を参照すると、図1乃至図4に示したものと同様の実施形態のステー プラ100が示されている。環状ハウジング102は、中央ロッド104とロッ ド基部106とを同軸的に収容しており、アンビル114とは反対側の中央ロッ ド縁部は、ロッド基部106に(接続部は図示せず)溶接等により適切に取り付 けられている。短い軸部108は、ロッド基部106に螺合されて該基部から垂 直に延びており、基部106の長さの約半分の位置に位置決めされている。軸部 108の頂部には、円筒状のノブ110が直交して取り付けられている。軸部1 08は、中央ロッド104及びロッド基部106の軸線に平行に延びてハウジン グ102内に切開された狭い溝112内で、移動可能である。溝112は、軸部 108の回転移動を規制し、それにより、往復動時におけるアンビル114とス テープルカートリッジ116との間の径方向の向きを適正に維持する。 ステープルドライバピン120の円筒状アレイは、ハウジング102の円筒面 118及び平行なロッド104から垂直に突出して該円筒面に溶接取り付けされ ている。ドライバピンは、全て同一であり、それぞれ、非中空の平行四辺形の形 をしている。ステープルカートリッジ116には、端部から端部まで、複数の予 め装填されたステープル(図示せず)を保持する中空のステープル軸122の円 筒状アレイが、形成されている。軸122は全て同一であり、それぞれ、対応す るステープルドライバピン120がその内部で摺動し得るだけの高さと幅の寸法 を有する。 最適に機能するステープラを実現するために、中央ロッド104、基部106 及びステープル軸122に対して凹凸の無い通路を確保することが必要である。 従って、本発明の一実施形態は、一回の吻合ステープル打ち後に廃棄して交換さ れる使い捨てカートリッジを備えている。別の実施形態では、血液や組織がドラ イバピンアレイに絡みつくのを防ぐために、ドライバピンアレイの周りに摺動可 能なスリーブを設けている。 吻合術を成功させるためには、アンビル114とステープルカートリッジ11 6との間の生体組織の過圧縮により、或いは、過度にきついステープル結合によ り、結合される生体組織を傷つけないことが不可避である。従って、組織の過圧 縮は、本発明において、ドライバピン118の長さを規制することにより、防止 される。従来技術では、この目的を達成するための他の実施形態が、知られてい る。例えば、米国特許第4575468号公報では、管状ハウジングの内側表面 と同軸ロッドの表面に協働する止めを設けることにより、ステープル結合すべき 組織間の係合の程度を可変とし、以て組織の過圧縮の防止を確実なものとし ている。本発明に対し、ロッドと管状ハウジングとの間にばね押し係合を採用す ることも可能である。この目的に適した他の手段は、当業者には自明であろう。 最後に、図7は、ハウジング102の長さを越えて延びて円筒状ナット126 と螺合する、ロッド基部106の螺子山付き端部124を示す。円筒状ナット1 26は、円筒状ナット126の全長に亘り延びて端部124を貫通退出せしめる 雌螺子付き貫通孔120を有する。 図8及び図9は、係合時におけるステープルドライバ、ステープルカートリッ ジ及びアンビルの間の機械的相互作用を示す。図8は、管状ハウジング204の 面202上に取り付けられてステープルカートリッジ208のステープル軸アレ イ206内に摺動可能に係合する、ステープルドライバアレイ200を示す。ス テープルアレイ210は、ステープルカートリッジ208から突出してステープ ル結合すべき組織を貫通する。図9は、ドライバピン252により打ち込まれて カートリッジ254から突出し組織256及び258を貫通したステープルの詳 細図である。次に、ステープル250の脚部260及び262は、それぞれアン ビル268の湾曲凹部264及び266と係合して凹部に沿って折れ曲がり、組 織256258の間の結合部を形成する。 次に同一符号で同一要素を表した図10乃至図16を参照すると、上述した構 造実施形態を用いた吻合手術の手順が、示されている。先ず特に図10を参照す ると、ロッド基部302のアンビル付き端部を、10乃至18cm(4乃至7イ ンチ)の範囲の長さの横方向に切断された血管304内に挿入する。血管304 の端部308(ステープル結合すべき端部)をアンビル306の近位に位置決め する。血管304の反対側端部310を、基部302に近接した円周凹部(図示 せず)の位置で、紐312により、中央ロッド314に結び付ける。 図11は、血管304を取り付けた中央ロッド314をステープルカートリッ ジ318及び管状ハウジング316内に挿入し、ステープルカートリッジ318 をアンビル306の近位に位置決めする処置を示す。図12は、本発明の方法の 次の幾つかの処置を示すが、これらは任意の順序で行うことができる。血管30 4の端部をステープルカートリッジ318上で外転させ、(血管304で覆われ た)ステープルカートリッジ318に該端部を紐320で結び付ける。円筒 状ノブ324の螺子山付き軸部322を螺子山付き内腔(図示せず)の基部30 2に螺合させ、該内腔を狭い溝326と整合させる。円筒状ナット3238を螺 子山付き端部300と螺合させる。図13に示したように、アンビル306を動 脈332の管腔330内に切り口334を介して位置決めする。図では、血管3 04の一部の断面が、ステープルカートリッジ318のステープル供給端部上で 外転されている。 図14において、中央ロッド314(図示せず)及びロッド基部302(図示 せず)は、溝326に沿った摺動ノブ324により、動脈332に対して、管状 ハウジング316内で最適に同軸的に位置決めされている。ナット328を時計 方向に回転させてナットを管状ハウジング316に係合させ、ロッド基部302 がナット328に堅固に相互接続されるようにする。時計方向の回転を続けると 、ロッド基部302は、ナット328内の内腔を通って引き寄せられ、ステープ ルカートリッジ336とアンビル306とが動脈332内で当接する。協働する 止め(図示せず)を採用した実施形態の場合、この位置が、第一の協働位置即ち 「装填」位置となる。時計方向の動作は、外転された血管304が動脈332の 壁と係合してステープルドライバ(図示せず)が作動しステープル(図示せず) が組織に打ち込まれて結合部338(図15)を形成するまで、続けられる。協 働する止めを採用した場合、この位置が「発射」位置となる。 最後に、図16は、大動脈352、肺動脈354、右心房356、右心室35 8、左心室360、左心耳362、右冠状動脈364、左前下行動脈368及び 対角動脈370を有する心臓350を示す。ここでは、血管304は、左前下行 動脈368にステープル吻合された。 バイパス血管304の吻合処置を完了するために、次に吻合血管304の非結 合端部を大動脈352に接続する必要がある。上述した実施形態即ち「遠位」ス テープラでは血管が二つの遠位即ち自由端部を有しなければならないので、「近 位」ステープラと呼ばれる本発明の別の構造実施形態が必要となる。従って、図 17乃至図28では、ただ一つの遠位端部を有して他方の端部は既に吻合連結さ れた管状血管の吻合ステープル打ちに適した、本発明の第二の実施形態の構造及 び方法を説明する。 先ず同一符号で同一要素を表した図17乃至図19を参照すると、細長い血管 ロッド404と細長いドライバロッド406とを備えたハンドル402を有する 吻合ステープラ400が示されている。二本のロッドは、ハンドル面408に垂 直に取り付けられ、互いに平行であり、略同じ長さを有する。血管ロッド404 には、略円形のアンビル410の中心部が取り付けられている。血管ロッド40 4は、大動脈にステープル結合すべき管状血管(図示せず)を同軸的に収容する のに十分な外周を有する。 ステープラ400は、また、詳細を示すために図18で拡大図示されたステー プルカートリッジ418を備えている。次に図18を参照すると、上部ユニット 420及び下部ユニット422を有してその開放位置にある図17のステープル カートリッジが、示されている。ユニット420及び422は、一方の側で、カ ートリッジ418の開閉を可能とするヒンジ424と係合している。ステープル カートリッジ418は、血管(図示せず)を同軸的に収容した血管ロッド404 とドライバロッド406とをそれぞれ同軸的に収容するのに十分な内周部を備え た、二つの平行な内腔426及び428を有する。ステープル供給端部430は 、ステープル結合すべき血管の外転端部を収容するために、ステープルカートリ ッジ418から内腔426の軸線に沿って延びている。内腔428には、ドライ バロッド端部412と螺合するように、雌螺子が形成されている。 ユニット420と422とを適切に嵌合させるために、上部ユニット420の 内側表面434から延びて下部ユニット422の内側表面438内の凹部436 と係合する突起432を有する爪−凹部対が、設けられている。閉鎖を確実にす るために、湾曲クリップ440が設けられ、内腔428の円筒状ケーシング44 2の周囲に嵌合するように構成されている。 ステープルカートリッジ418は、閉鎖位置において、ドライバ446に取り 付けられた円筒状のドライバピンアレイ444と係合すると共にステープル供給 端部430内に形成される円筒状のステープル供給手段即ちステープル軸アレイ (図示せず)を有する。中空の軸と非中空のドライバピンは、いずれも、互いに 摺動係合をさせ得るだけの高さと幅の測定値を有する。ドライバ446は、上部 ユニット420の肩部452との係合点まで、上部ユニット420の表面448 と下部ユニット422の表面450に沿って摺動可能である。この位置で、ドラ イバピンアレイ444はステープル軸アレイ内に係合して、予め装填されたステ ープルをステープル供給端部430の縁部から突出させる。肩部452は、ステ ープル結合すべき組織が過圧縮されないように、ドライバピンアレイ444の係 合を規制する。本実施形態の変形例では、組織の過圧縮を防ぐために、ドライバ とステープルカートリッジとの間に協働する止め又はばね押し式構成を採用する ことができる。 図19は、上部ユニット420を下部ユニット422に係合させてその閉鎖位 置にあるステープルカートリッジ418の正面図である。クリップ440は、円 筒状ケーシング442の周囲に確実に嵌合している。ステープル変形端部即ちス テープル軸アレイ454は、ステープル供給端部430の面上に図示されている 。 同一符号で同一要素を表した図20乃至図28は、上述した図17乃至図19 の構造実施形態を用いた吻合手順の種々の処置を示す。先ず図20を参照すると 、アンビル510が大動脈502の中心に位置決めされるように、大動脈502 の対向する壁上の切り口506及び508を通って、血管ロッド500を心臓5 04の大動脈502に挿通している。 図21では、次に、アンビル510を大動脈52内の中央に位置決めした状態 で、血管ロッド500の端部を血管512の遠位端部に挿入している。次に、図 22に示したように、血管512を収容した血管ロッド500を、開いたステー プルカートリッジ516の対応する内腔514内に位置決めする。ロッド500 及び血管512は、血管512の遠位端部518をカートリッジ516の円筒状 スリーブ520上に外転させるに十分な長さの遠位端部518がカートリッジ5 16の端部を超えて延びるように、位置決めすべきである(図23)。血管51 2が最適に位置決めされると、図24に示したように、ステープルカートリッジ 516を血管の周囲に挟持してクリップ522で固定する。ここで、血管512 の遠位端部518をスリーブ520上に外転させ、紐524でしっかり結び付け る。 次に、図25を参照すると、ドライバロッド526をハンドル530の内腔5 28内に摺動させた後、ステープルカートリッジ516の内腔532と螺合さ せている。図26は、閉じた位置にあるステープルカートリッジ516の詳細図 である。 次に図27に移ると、ドライバハンドル534を時計方向に回転させてアンビ ル510と円筒状スリーブ520を当接させた状態が、示されている。時計方向 の回転は、大動脈壁502が血管512の遠位端部518と係合するまで、続け られる。このとき、ステープルドライバピン(図示せず)が対応するステープル 軸(図示せず)のそれぞれの内部で十分に係合してステープル(図示せず)を係 合組織に打ち込み、大動脈502と血管512との間に吻合結合部536を形成 する。 上述したことは本発明の原理の例示に過ぎず、本発明の範囲及び精神から逸脱 することなく当業者が種々の変形を成し得ることが理解されよう。例えば、図示 した特定のステープラ構造形態は、決定的なものではなく、必要に応じて他の構 造も使用することができる。図17に示した形態の変形例の一つとしては、(例 えば入れ子式ロッドを用いて)伸縮自在の血管ロッドを設けることがある。更に 、この変形実施形態の血管ロッドは、必要に応じて、吻合手順を容易にするため に湾曲させてもよい。また、本発明の構造及び方法は、胸腔鏡に適用してもよい 。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1.少なくとも一つの遠位端部を有する管状組織構造を血管内腔又は他の管状組 織構造等の管腔構造にステープル結合するための外科用ステープル打ち器具であ って、 管状組織構造内を通過するのに十分な外周を有するロッドと、 外科的に形成された開口部を通過して管腔構造内に収容されるのに十分な寸 法を有すると共にステープル変形手段のアレイを有して前記ロッド上に取り付け られるアンビルと、 前記ロッドとその内側表面との間に管状組織構造を軸線方向に収容するに十 分で且つ前記ロッドに対して軸線方向に移動し得るに十分な内側通路を有すると 共にステープル供給端部を有して複数のステープルを収容した略管状のステープ ルカートリッジであって、前記ステープル供給端部が、管状組織構造をその上に 外転させ得る程度に小さい外側寸法を有して前記ステープル変形手段のアレイに 対向するように位置決めされたステープルカートリッジと、 管状組織構造の外転部分と管腔構造とを外科的に形成された開口部近傍で前 記ステープルカートリッジと前記アンビルとの間に挟持するための手段と、 前記複数のステープルを前記アンビル上の前記ステープル変形手段と係合さ せて変形させることにより管状組織構造と管腔構造との間に結合部を形成するた めに、管状組織構造の外転部分と管腔構造とに前記ステープルを射出する手段と 、 を備えた、 ことを特徴とする器具。 2.前記挟持手段が、ステープル打ちを最適化させるように前記管状ステープル カートリッジを前記ロッドに沿って軸線方向に可変位置決めする手段、から成る 、 ことを特徴とする請求の範囲に第1項記載の器具。 3.前記射出手段が、前記ステープルカートリッジを通って前記複数のステープ ルを打ち込む手段、から成る、 ことを特徴とする請求の範囲に第1項記載の器具。 4.管状組織構造を血管内腔にステープル打ちするための外科用ステープル打ち 器具であって、 一方の端部に遠位方向に取り付けられたアンビルを有すると共に管状組織構 造内を通過するに十分な外周を有するロッドであって、前記アンビルが外科的に 形成された開口部を通過して管腔構造内に収容されるのに十分な寸法を有すると 共にステープル変形手段のアレイを有するロッドと、 前記ロッドとその内側表面との間に管状組織構造を軸線方向に収容するに十 分で且つ前記ロッドに対して軸線方向に移動し得るに十分な内側通路を有すると 共にステープル供給端部を有して複数のステープルを収容した略管状のステープ ルカートリッジであって、前記ステープル供給端部が、管状組織構造を前記ステ ープルカートリッジの前記ステープル変形端部上に外転させ得る程度に小さい外 側寸法を有して前記ステープル変形手段のアレイに対向するように位置決めされ たステープルカートリッジと、 管状組織構造の外転部分と管腔構造とを外科的に形成された開口部近傍で前 記ステープルカートリッジと前記アンビルとの間に挟持するための手段と、 前記ステープル供給手段からの前記複数のステープルを前記アンビル上の前 記ステープル変形手段と係合させて変形させることにより管状組織構造と管腔構 造との間に結合部を形成するために、管状組織構造の外転部分と管腔構造とに前 記ステープルを射出する手段と、 を備えた、 ことを特徴とする器具。 5.前記ステープル変形手段のアレイ及び前記ステープル供給手段のアレイが、 滴形である、 ことを特徴とする請求の範囲第4項に記載の器具。 6.管状組織構造を血管内腔にステープル打ちするための外科用ステープル打ち 器具であって、 管状組織構造内を通過するに十分な外周を有してアンビルをその中心で取り 付けたロッドであって、前記アンビルが管腔構造内に外科的に形成された開口 部を通過するに十分な寸法を有すると共にステープル変形手段のアレイを有する ロッドと、 前記ロッドとその内側表面との間に管状組織構造を軸線方向に収容するに十 分で且つ前記ロッドに対して軸線方向に移動し得るに十分な内側通路を有すると 共にステープル供給端部を有して複数のステープルを収容した略管状のステープ ルカートリッジであって、前記ステープル供給端部が、管状組織構造を前記ステ ープルカートリッジの前記ステープル変形端部上に外転させ得る程度に小さい外 側寸法を有して前記ステープル変形手段のアレイに対向するように位置決めされ たステープルカートリッジと、 管状組織構造の外転部分と管腔構造とを外科的に形成された開口部近傍で前 記ステープルカートリッジと前記アンビルとの間に挟持するための手段と、 前記ステープル供給手段からの前記複数のステープルを前記アンビル上の前 記ステープル変形手段と係合させて変形させることにより管状組織構造と管腔構 造との間に結合部を形成するために、管状組織構造の外転部分と管腔構造とに前 記ステープルを射出する手段と、 を備えた、 ことを特徴とする器具。 7.前記ロッドが、その軸線に沿って伸縮自在である、 ことを特徴とする請求の範囲第6項に記載の器具。 8.前記ステープル変形手段のアレイ及び前記ステープル供給手段のアレイが、 円形である、 ことを特徴とする請求の範囲第6項記載の器具。 9.管腔構造に管状組織構造をステープル打ちするための方法であって、 アンビルを有するロッドを管状組織構造内に挿入し、 管状組織を前記ロッドに固定し、 前記ロッドを管状ステープルカートリッジ内に挿入し、 管状組織構造の端部を前記アンビルの近傍で前記管状ステープルカートリッ ジ上に外転させ、 前記管状組織構造の端部を前記アンビルの近傍で前記管状ステープルカート リッジに固定し、 外科的に形成された開口部を通って、管腔構造内に前記アンビルを位置決め し、 管状構造と管腔構造とが係合するまで、前記管状ステープルカートリッジを 前記ロッドに沿って前記頭部の方向に移動させ、 管状組織構造の外転部分と管腔構造とを、前記外科的に形成された開口部の 近傍で、前記管状ステープルカートリッジと前記アンビルとの間に挟持し、 前記ステープルを前記アンビルと係合させて変形させることにより管状組織 構造と管腔構造との間に結合部を形成するために、前記管状ステープルカートリ ッジから複数のステープルを管状組織構造の前記外転部分と管腔構造とに射出す る、 操作を含む、 ことを特徴とする方法。 10.管腔構造に管状組織構造をステープル打ちするための方法であって、 アンビルをその中心で取り付けたロッドを、外科的に形成された開口部を通 って管腔構造内に、前記ロッドが管腔構造の対向する壁を横断するように且つ前 記アンビルが管腔構造内に位置決めされるように、挿入し、 前記ロッドの一方の端部を管状組織構造内に挿入し、 管状組織構造を収容した前記ロッドの部分と管状組織構造の収容端部とを管 状ステープルカートリッジ内に位置決めし、 前記管状ステープルカートリッジ上に管状組織構造の前記収容端部を外転さ せ、 管状組織構造の外転端部を前記管状ステープルカートリッジに固定し、 前記管状ステープルカートリッジを、管状構造と管腔構造とが係合するまで 、前記ロッドに対して軸線方向に前記アンビルの方に移動し、 管状組織構造の前記外転端部と管腔構造とを、前記外科的に形成された開口 部に近接して、前記管状ステープルカートリッジと前記アンビルとの間に挟持し 、 前記ステープルを前記アンビルに係合させて変形させることにより管状組織 構造と管腔構造との間に結合部を形成するために、前記管状ステープルカートリ ッジから複数のステープルを管状組織構造の前記外転部と管腔構造とに射出する 、 操作を含む、 ことを特徴とする方法。
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AU2512295A (en) 1996-01-15

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