JPH1054939A - Reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device and optical system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To use a conventional ultra-wide-angle lens for an infrared imaging device having a low contrast, a large-diameter lens which is difficult to process is required. In the reflection type optical device, there was one having a narrow field of view, but not one having a wide field of view. SOLUTION: A primary mirror 8, which has a rotationally symmetric reflection surface,
The secondary mirror 10 includes a secondary mirror 10 and a tertiary mirror 37. The incident light from the subject is reflected by the primary mirror 8, the reflected light is reflected by the secondary mirror 10 disposed opposite to the primary mirror 8, and the reflected light is further reflected by the secondary mirror 10. The tertiary mirror 37 arranged opposite to the secondary mirror 10 is configured to condense light to the viewpoint, and the position and mirror shape of the primary, secondary, and tertiary mirrors are variously changed to provide a wide field of view.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device for converting the angle of view of an image device or the like, and an optical system using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 39 shows, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-30457.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional ultra-wide-angle (fish-eye) lens disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H10-260, in which reference numeral 1 denotes an optical axis of incident light from a subject (not shown) on the left side of the figure; Is a refraction lens that refracts incident light from the lens. This super-wide-angle lens is a refraction optical system and is attached to a single-lens reflex camera, and can capture a 180-degree field of view in the diagonal direction of the Leica format.

FIG. 40 shows an example of an optical system which has a narrow field of view but uses a reflecting mirror, for example, "Telescope Optics and Reflection for Astronomy Amateur" (by Shotaro Yoshida, 1988).
1 is a sectional view showing a reflector of a Cassegrain-type reflecting telescope shown in FIG. 5, 3 is a primary mirror, 4 is a double mirror, 5 is incident light from a subject,
Reference numeral 6 denotes a focal point of the reflected light reflected by the primary mirror 3, and reference numeral 7 denotes a focal point of the reflected light further reflected by the double mirror 4. In this Cassegrain type reflection telescope, the subject can be observed by looking at the image formed on the image plane of the focal point 7.

[0004]

Since the conventional ultra-wide-angle lens is configured as described above, a bright lens, that is, a large-diameter lens is required when used in an infrared imaging device having a low contrast. However, FIG.
In order to increase the diameter of the lens of the refractive optical system as shown in the above, difficulties in manufacturing such as homogeneity and strength of glass, and difficulties in processing such as the need to polish both sides, There have been problems such as an increase in costs involved.

In telescope optics as shown in FIG. 40, this problem is solved by using a reflecting mirror such as a primary mirror 3 and a double mirror 4, but a refracting optical system as shown in FIG. In the wide-angle optical system, there have been problems such as not yet solved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a reflection-type angle-of-view conversion which can improve the strength and is easy to process by using a reflection mirror even in a wide-angle optical system. A first object is to obtain an optical device. It is a second object of the present invention to obtain an optical system such as an image display using such a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device.

[0007]

According to the present invention, there is provided a reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus having a reflecting surface formed of a rotating body, and reflecting a light incident from a subject as primary reflected light; A secondary mirror that has a reflecting surface composed of a rotating body surface and is disposed on the same central axis as the primary mirror so as to face the primary mirror and reflects primary reflected light as secondary reflected light; and a reflecting surface composed of a rotating body surface. And a tertiary mirror disposed on the same central axis as the primary mirror and the secondary mirror so as to face the secondary mirror and reflect the secondary reflected light as the tertiary reflected light and condense it at the viewpoint.

Further, the primary mirror has a reflecting surface composed of a plurality of partial mirrors concentrically arranged at different angles with respect to the central axis, and at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror is provided. It is slidably supported in the central axis direction. In addition, at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is slidably supported in the direction of the central axis, and the angle between the central axis and the incident light from the subject is determined by the sliding. The reflecting surfaces of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror are formed so that the angle formed with the secondary reflected light changes.

Further, any one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is constituted by a plurality of mirrors, and the plurality of mirrors are rotatably supported by a supporting member, and form a central axis and incident light from a subject. The reflecting surfaces of the plurality of mirrors are formed such that the angle and the angle formed by the central axis and the tertiary reflected light are different regardless of which one of the plurality of mirrors is selected. In addition, one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is configured with a plurality of mirrors,
The plurality of mirrors are slidably supported by a support member,
The reflecting surfaces of the plurality of mirrors are so arranged that the angle between the central axis and the incident light from the subject and the angle between the central axis and the tertiary reflected light are different regardless of which of the plurality of mirrors is selected. It is molded.

[0010] At least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror is provided with a transmission part for transmitting incident light from a subject. Still further, a lens that refracts light transmitted through the transmission section is disposed in the transmission section.

[0011] Further, there is provided a rotatably supported optical path changing portion having a reflecting surface for reflecting incident light from a subject to a secondary mirror, a tertiary mirror or a viewpoint. Further, the optical path changing unit is a plane mirror. in addition,
The optical path changing unit is a convex mirror.

Further, the optical path changing section is a prism. Further, the reflection surface of the optical path changing unit is a half mirror. The optical path changing unit includes a driving device for rotating the optical path changing unit.

Further, at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is divided into a plurality of partial mirrors in the circumferential direction, and the angle formed between the central axis and the incident light from the subject;
The reflection surface of the partial mirror is shaped so that the angle formed with the next reflected light is different regardless of which mirror is selected. The mirror having a plurality of partial mirrors is driven to rotate about a central axis, and stores the tertiary reflected light before rotation and stores the third reflected light after rotation.
It is provided with a memory combining unit for combining with the next reflected light.

At least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is concentrically divided into a plurality of partial mirrors, and an angle formed between the central axis and the incident light from the subject;
The reflecting surface of the partial mirror is formed so that the angle formed with the next reflected light is different from each other. In addition, at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror is formed of a flexible material,
The mirror formed of the flexible material is deformed by the driving device.

A cover for covering the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror and transmitting incident light from the subject is provided, and the transmitting surface of the cover is formed so as to be perpendicular to the incident light from the subject. It was done. In addition, at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror can be replaced with a mirror having a reflecting surface of a different shape. Furthermore, at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror is a half mirror.

Further, the optical system according to the present invention is provided with a camera which is arranged at the viewpoint of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device and captures an image focused by the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device. In addition, the projector is provided with a projector that is arranged at the viewpoint of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device and that projects an image condensed by the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device.

Furthermore, a solid-state image pickup device is provided at the viewpoint of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device, and picks up an image focused by the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device. In addition, the display device includes a display device that displays an image captured by the solid-state imaging device. The image processing apparatus further includes an image processing device that processes an image captured by the solid-state imaging device, and a processed image display device that displays the image processed by the image processing device.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiment 1 FIG. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 8 denotes a primary mirror having a reflecting surface rotationally symmetrical about a central axis 9, and reference numeral 10 denotes a primary mirror having a reflecting surface rotationally symmetrical about the same central axis 9 as the primary mirror 8. The secondary mirror 37 disposed opposite to the secondary mirror 8 has a reflecting surface having a rotationally symmetrical shape about the same central axis 9 as the primary mirror 8 and the secondary mirror 10, and is disposed opposite the secondary mirror 10. Tertiary mirror. 12 is incident light from a subject, 11 is a primary mirror 8,
A transparent cover as a support member that supports the secondary mirror 10 and the tertiary mirror 37 and transmits the incident light 12 from the subject;
13 is the primary reflected light reflected by the primary mirror 8, 14 is the secondary reflected light reflected by the secondary mirror 10, and 38 is the tertiary mirror 3.
A tertiary reflected light reflected by 7, a lens 15 fixed to the secondary mirror 10 around the central axis 9 and a CCD camera 16 to which the lens 15 is attached.

Next, the operation will be described. The incident light 12 arriving from the subject existing at a wide angle
The secondary reflected light 13 is reflected to the secondary mirror 10, and the primary reflected light 13 is reflected by the secondary mirror 10 as the secondary reflected light 13 to the tertiary mirror 37, and the secondary reflected light 13
Is condensed on the lens 15 by the tertiary mirror 37 as tertiary reflected light 38. At this time, the image condensed by the tertiary mirror 37 is captured by the CCD camera 16 via the lens 15 to obtain an image.

Next, a method of designing a reflecting mirror will be described.
The shapes of the primary mirror 8 and the secondary mirror 10 are designed as follows. Since the primary mirror 8, the secondary mirror 10, and the tertiary mirror 37 are rotationally symmetric, their shapes are determined by determining their cross-sectional shapes. FIG.
Is an explanatory diagram for explaining the design method of the secondary mirror 10, in which the origin is O, the horizontal axis is the x axis, and the vertical axis is y
Axis. 17 is a viewpoint, and its position is shown as Zo. This viewpoint 17 is the position of the lens 15. S1 is a point on the inner periphery of the secondary mirror 10, S2 is a point on the outer periphery of the secondary mirror 10,
M1 is a point on the inner circumference of the primary mirror 8, and Zi is a virtual viewpoint reflected on the tertiary mirror 37. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the primary mirror 8, in which P1 is a point on the reflection surface of the primary mirror 8, P2 is a point on the reflection surface of the secondary mirror 10, and θ is the incident light 12 Is the incident angle of the secondary reflected light 14 to the tertiary mirror 37, and φ is the incident angle of the tertiary reflected light 38 to the lens 15.

Here, the following conditions are given to make the primary mirror 8
To design. "Condition 1" Position Zo (0, y0) of viewpoint 17 "Condition 2" Cross-sectional shape of reflecting surface of tertiary mirror 37 "Condition 3" Cross-sectional shape of reflecting surface of secondary mirror 10 "Condition 4" Within primary mirror 8 Position of point M1 on circumference "Condition 5" Relationship between incident angle θ of incident light 12 and incident angle φ of secondary reflected light 14 to viewpoint 17

The sectional shape of the reflecting surface of the tertiary mirror 37 under "condition 2" is assumed to be a straight line y = ax + b for simplicity.
However, it need not be a straight line. Since the sectional shape of the reflecting surface of the tertiary mirror 37 is determined to be a straight line, the point Z
The coordinates of i can be obtained by moving the viewpoint 17 line-symmetrically with respect to the straight line of the sectional shape. That is,

[0023]

(Equation 1)

The sectional shape of the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror 10 under “condition 3” is not arbitrarily set, but “condition 5” and the secondary mirror 1
It is set from the inclination of the primary reflected light 13 incident on the point S2 on the outer circumference of 0. The primary reflected light 13 is light reflected at a point on the outer periphery of the primary mirror 8, and a point on the outer periphery of the primary mirror 8 exists on this optical path. In FIG. 2, the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror 10 has an inclination such that the primary reflected light 13 coming from the point M1 is reflected in the direction of the point Zi at the point S1, and the primary reflected light 13 having the set inclination at the point S2. Are reflected in the direction of the point Zi. The shape, position, and size of the reflection surface of the secondary mirror 10 satisfying the above conditions are set. Here, the cross-sectional shape of the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror 10 satisfying the above conditions is defined as y = f2 (x).
It expresses.

The primary mirror 8 is designed according to the above conditions. In FIG. 3, the sectional shape of the primary mirror reflecting surface is represented by y = f1 (x).
It expresses. First, a point P1 (Mx, M) on the reflecting surface of the primary mirror 8
Consider the reflection at y). Unit length incident light 1
If the vector of No. 2 is an A vector, the vector of the primary reflected light 13 is a B vector, and the normal vector is an N1 vector,
These components are represented by the following equations.

[0026]

(Equation 2)

Here, f1 '(Mx) is x of f1 (x).
= Derivative of the first order at Mx. According to the law of reflection, these vectors have the following relationship:

[0028]

(Equation 3)

That is,

[0030]

(Equation 4)

Next, a point P2 (S
x, Sy). Secondary reflected light 1
If the vector of No. 4 is a C vector and the normal vector is an N2 vector, these components are expressed by the following equations.

[0032]

(Equation 5)

Here, f 2 ′ (Sx) is x of f 2 (x)
= Derivative of the first order at Sx. According to the law of reflection, these vectors have the following relationship:

[0034]

(Equation 6)

That is,

[0036]

(Equation 7)

Further, the following equation holds because P2 is on the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror 10.

[0038]

(Equation 8)

Here, assuming that the distance between O and P2 is D,

[0040]

(Equation 9)

Substituting this into equations (4), (7) and (8) gives

[0042]

(Equation 10)

[Equation 11]

(Equation 12)

Is as follows. Since the reflecting surface of the tertiary mirror 37 is a straight line, the following relationship holds between 成 り and φ.

[0044]

(Equation 13)

Here, the relationship between φ and θ is generally expressed by the following equation.

[0046]

[Equation 14]

From formulas (11) and (12), ξ is obtained from the coordinates of P1 on the reflecting surface of the primary mirror 8, and then 、 is calculated.
3) Find θ corresponding to ξ from (14). The coordinates of the reflecting surface, that is, the shape of the reflecting surface of the primary mirror 8 are determined by substituting these numerical values into the equation (10) and numerically integrating from the point M1.

Next, a description will be given of a method of calculating the aberration of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus, that is, a method of obtaining the position of a line image generated by each curvature of the mirror surface in the radial and circumferential directions. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the curvature of the mirror surface in the radial direction and the curvature in the circumferential direction. In the drawing, reference numeral 18 denotes a normal to a mirror surface at a reflection point of a light ray, 19 denotes a plane including the central axis 9 and the incident light ray 12, and 20 denotes a plane.
Is a plane including the normal line 18 and perpendicular to the plane 19, and 21 is a plane 1
9 is a curve that intersects the mirror surface, and 22 is a curve that the plane 20 intersects the mirror surface. Here, the curvature of the curve 21 is the curvature of the mirror surface in the radial direction, and the curvature of the curve 22 is the curvature of the mirror surface in the circumferential direction.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the line image shown on page 104 of the above-mentioned “Telescope Optics and Reflection Edition for Astronomical Amateurs”. In the figure, reference numeral 23 denotes a linear image, that is, a line image. is there. In the case of this apparatus, the curvature of the mirror surface in the radial and circumferential directions is different, and the image distance in the plane 19 (the distance between the mirror surface and the image)
And the image distances in the plane 20 are different, two line images 23 are generated as shown in FIG. By calculating the positions of these two line images, the astigmatism and the curvature of the image plane can be evaluated.

First, a method of calculating the curvature of the surface of the rotating body will be described.
The surface of the rotating body as shown in FIG.

[0050]

(Equation 15)

Where P = (xp, 0,
Let us determine the curvature at zp). For this purpose, if the coordinate system (x, y, z) is rotated so that the tangent plane at point P is parallel to the (x1, x2) plane in the new coordinate system (x1, x2, x3), At the point P, the value obtained by the second-order differentiation of x3 in the equation of the surface of the rotating body with x1 is the curvature in the radial direction, and the value of the second-order differentiation with x2 is the curvature in the circumferential direction. The radius of curvature is the reciprocal of the curvature. Assuming that the inclination of the tangent plane at the point P is ψ, the following relationship is obtained.

[0052]

(Equation 16)

[Equation 17]

(Equation 18)

To convert the (x, y) plane into a (x1, x2) plane parallel to the tangent plane at the point P, rotate the x, y, z axes by 軸 around the y axis as shown in FIG. I just need. That is,

[0054]

[Equation 19]

Substituting this into equation (15), and x3 is second-order differentiated with x1,

[0056]

(Equation 20)

Is as follows. At point P, x = xp, y = 0, and according to equation (19)

[0058]

(Equation 21)

Therefore,

[0060]

(Equation 22)

Is as follows. Substituting Equations (16) and (18) into Equation (22) gives

[0062]

(Equation 23)

Is obtained. This is the radius of curvature. The radius of curvature rr in the radial direction is the reciprocal of this

[0064]

(Equation 24)

Is obtained.

Similarly, equation (19) is substituted into equation (15), and x 3 is second-order differentiated with x 1.

[0067]

(Equation 25)

## EQU10 ## From equation (19),

[0069]

(Equation 26)

[Equation 27]

Therefore, by using equation (16) as before,

[0071]

[Equation 28]

Is obtained. This is the circumferential curvature. Since the radius of curvature rc in the circumferential direction is the reciprocal of this,

[0073]

(Equation 29)

Is obtained.

Next, a method of calculating the image distance will be described. FIG.
It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating an image distance, (A) is a case where a mirror surface is concave, (B) is a case where a mirror surface is convex. In the figure, T is the position of the subject to be viewed, Q is the reflection point, F is the position of the connected image, q is the image distance from the reflection point Q to the image position F, and l is the distance from the subject T to the reflection point Q. Distance.
Here the curved surface of the mirror (here the curve)

[0076]

[Equation 30]

And the first and second derivatives of Qx are

[0078]

(Equation 31)

(Equation 32)

## EQU1 ## Then the tangential vector,
The normal vector, curvature, and radius of curvature are

[0080]

[Equation 33]

(Equation 34)

(Equation 35)

[Equation 36]

Is obtained. Assuming that the slope of the reflected light is k, the equation of the reflected light is

[0082]

(37)

Is obtained. The image F = (Fx, Fy) to be formed is on this straight line

[0084]

(38)

Satisfies Further, the position of the formed image F does not change even if the incident light is slightly moved. Therefore, equation (38) is differentiated by Qx

[0086]

[Equation 39]

That is,

[0088]

(Equation 40)

By substituting this into equation (35),

[0090]

[Equation 41]

Thus, the reflection point is defined as Q = (Qx, Qy)
Then, the image distance q is obtained by the following equation.

[0092]

(Equation 42)

The vector in the reflected light direction can be obtained by rotating the vector (-α, 1) in the normal direction by γ. That is,

[0094]

[Equation 43]

From this, the slope k is obtained and

[0096]

[Equation 44]

Also,

[0098]

[Equation 45]

[Equation 46]

## EQU10 ## In order to differentiate k in equation (44) with Qx, α and γ must be regarded as functions of Qx.
First, from the definition of α

[0100]

[Equation 47]

Is as follows. Next, a vector from the reflection point Q to the subject T is set as an L vector to obtain an expression for γ.

[0102]

[Equation 48]

Then, the projection of the L vector in the tangential direction is

[0104]

[Equation 49]

[Equation 50]

The following is obtained. Equations (49) and (50) are replaced by Equation (4).
Substituting into 4)

[0106]

(Equation 51)

Is obtained. Differentiation of Lx and Ly by Qx is obtained from the definition of equation (48).

[0108]

(Equation 52)

(Equation 53)

Is obtained. Differentiating equation (51) with Qx using equations (52) and (53)

[0110]

(Equation 54)

Further, the equations (45), (46) and (5)
Substituting 4) into equation (42)

[0112]

[Equation 55]

Is obtained. This is the image distance q from the ray reflection point Q to the image position F. In the case of a convex mirror, the image is behind the mirror surface when q> 0, and in the case of a concave mirror, the image is near the mirror surface when q <0. However, r and κ> 0 for a convex mirror, r and κ <0 for a concave mirror, and r and κ = 0 for a plane mirror.

Finally, a method of calculating the position of the line image 23 generated by the curvature in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the mirror surface using the above-described method of calculating the curvature of the rotating body surface and the method of calculating the image distance will be described. FIG. 9 shows a line image 2 generated by the curvature of the mirror surface in the radial direction.
3A and 3B are diagrams for illustrating the position of the third mirror, where 23a is a line image generated by the curvature of the primary mirror 8, and 23b is a secondary image of the secondary mirror 10.
23e is a line image caused by the curvature of the tertiary mirror 37, Qm is the reflection point of the primary mirror 8, Qs is the reflection point of the secondary mirror 10, Qt is the reflection point of the tertiary mirror 37, and qrm is the reflection. The image distance from the point Qm to the line image 23a, qrs is the reflection point Q
is the distance from m to the line image 23b, γm is the incident angle of the incident light 12 on the primary mirror 8 in the radial direction, γs is the incident angle of the primary reflected light 13 on the secondary mirror 10 in the radial direction, and γt is The incident angle of the secondary reflected light 14 on the tertiary mirror 37 in the radial direction, E is the distance from the position T of the subject to be viewed to the reflection point Qm, H is the distance from the reflection point Qm to the reflection point Qs,
J is the distance from the reflection point Qs to the reflection point Qt. First, the position of the line image 23 generated by the radius of curvature of the mirror surface is determined. The radius of curvature rrm of the mirror surface of the primary mirror 8 in the radial direction is obtained from the equation (24).

[0115]

[Equation 56]

Therefore, the image distance qrm is obtained from the equation (55).

[0117]

[Equation 57]

Is obtained. Next, the light beam incident on the secondary mirror 10 can be regarded as being emitted from a light source separated by a distance (H + qrm). Therefore, the radius of curvature rrs of the secondary mirror 10 in the radial direction can be calculated from the equation (24).

[0119]

[Equation 58]

Therefore, the image distance qrs is given by the equation (55).

[0121]

[Equation 59]

Is obtained. Next, the light beam incident on the tertiary mirror 37 can be regarded as being emitted from a light source separated by a distance (J + qrs). Therefore, since the sectional shape of the reflecting surface of the tertiary mirror 10 is a straight line, the radius of curvature r in the radial direction is
Since rt is infinity ∽, the image distance qrt is given by the equation (55).

[0123]

[Equation 60]

Is obtained.

Similarly, the position of the line image 23 generated by the curvature of the mirror surface in the circumferential direction is obtained. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method of calculating the position of the line image 23 generated by the curvature of the mirror surface in the circumferential direction. In the figure, 23c is a line image generated by the curvature of the primary mirror 8, and 23d is a secondary mirror 10 23f is a line image caused by the curvature of the tertiary mirror 37,
qcm is the image distance from the reflection point Qm to the line image 23c, qcs is the distance from the reflection point Qs to the line image 23d, and qct is the reflection point Q.
The distance from t to the line image 23f. The ray does not reflect in the direction of the line of sight unless it is incident perpendicularly to the circumferential direction. Therefore, the angle of incidence on the primary mirror / secondary mirror is 0 degree. The radius of curvature rcm in the circumferential direction of the mirror surface of the primary mirror 8 is given by the equation (29).

[0126]

[Equation 61]

Therefore, the image distance qcm is obtained from the equation (55).

[0128]

(Equation 62)

Is as follows. Next, the light beam incident on the secondary mirror 10 can be regarded as being emitted from a light source separated by a distance (H + qcm). Therefore, the radius of curvature rcs of the secondary mirror 10 in the circumferential direction is obtained from the equation (29).

[0130]

[Equation 63]

Therefore, the image distance qcs is obtained from the equation (55).

[0132]

[Equation 64]

Is obtained. Next, the light beam incident on the tertiary mirror 37 can be regarded as being emitted from a light source separated by a distance (J + qcs). Therefore, the first-order derivative of x in the expression of the cross-sectional shape of the reflecting surface of the tertiary mirror 37 is (a), and the radius of curvature rct of the tertiary mirror 37 in the circumferential direction is given by the expression (29).

[0134]

[Equation 65]

Therefore, the image distance qct is obtained from the equation (55).

[0136]

[Equation 66]

Is obtained.

Embodiment 2 FIG. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the projection method is changed to the equidistant projection by replacing Expression (14) with the following Expression in the first embodiment.

[0139]

[Equation 67]

As described above, according to the second embodiment,
Since an equidistant projection image, which is an image equidistant with respect to the angle θ of the incident light 12, can be obtained, it can be accurately observed if used for observing the position of a star in astronomical observation.

Embodiment 3 In the present embodiment, in the first embodiment, equation (14) is replaced by the following equation, so that the projection method is set to an equal solid angle projection.

[0142]

[Equation 68]

As described above, according to the third embodiment,
Since an image of equal solid angle projection, which is an image projected on an area proportional to the solid angle of the incident light 12, is obtained, it can be accurately observed if used for observing the luminosity of stars in astronomical observation. Cloudiness and the like can be observed by area ratio.

Embodiment 4 Further, in the first embodiment, the projection method can be changed to the orthographic projection by setting Expression (14) as the following expression.

[0145]

[Equation 69]

Embodiment 5 FIG. In the first embodiment, the projection method can be changed to the stereoscopic projection by setting Expression (14) as the following expression.

[0147]

[Equation 70]

Embodiment 6 FIG. FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 8a denotes a primary mirror, and this primary mirror 8a
Has a rotationally symmetric shape, and is constituted by partial mirrors 8aa and 8ab concentrically arranged at different angles with respect to the central axis 9. The primary mirror 8a is slidably supported in the direction of the central axis 9 by a support member (not shown), and is fixed at the position A or B. Reference numeral 24a denotes a field of view due to the reflection of the partial mirror 8aa when the primary mirror 8a is at the position A, and reference numeral 24b denotes a field of view due to the reflection of the partial mirror 8ab when the primary mirror 8a is at the position B. Therefore, the lens 15
When the primary mirror 8a is at the position A in the CCD camera 16 via the camera, the image is obtained by capturing an image formed by the reflection of the partial mirror 8aa. When the primary mirror 8a is at the position B, the primary mirror 8a is obtained by capturing an image formed by the reflection of the partial mirror 8ab, and two types of angles of view can be obtained. It goes without saying that the primary mirror 8a may be composed of three or more partial mirrors, or the secondary and tertiary mirrors may be slid in the direction of the central axis 9.

Embodiment 7 FIG. FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 8b denotes a primary mirror, and this primary mirror 8b
Are slidably supported in the direction of the central axis 9 by a support member (not shown). The reflecting surface of the primary mirror 8b is
The angle formed by the central axis 9 and the incident light 12 is different from the angle formed by the central axis 9 and the tertiary reflected light 38. Therefore, by adjusting the distance between the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror, the incident angle of the incident light on the primary mirror, the incident angle of the primary reflected light on the secondary mirror, and the secondary reflection on the tertiary mirror The incident angle of the light and the incident angle of the tertiary reflected light to the viewpoint change respectively, so that different wide-angle incident lights can be collected at the viewpoint, and an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained. The primary mirror 8b is A-
Since it can be fixed at any position between B, CCD
In the camera 16, the field of view 24 can be continuously changed by moving the primary mirror 8b.

Embodiment 8 FIG. FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 10a and 10b denote secondary mirrors, and the secondary mirrors 10a and 10b are rotatably supported by a support member 11a about a rotation axis (not shown) perpendicular to the central axis 9. ing. Also, the secondary mirrors 10a and 10
Since the reflection surface b is formed so that the angle between the central axis 9 and the incident light 12 and the angle between the central axis 9 and the tertiary reflected light 38 are different from each other, as in the seventh embodiment. , Incident light of different wide angles can be focused on the viewpoint, and an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained.

In the state of FIG. 14A, a wide field of view 24 can be seen using the secondary mirror 10a, and by rotating the support member 11a, the secondary mirror 10b is used as shown in FIG. 14B. Field of view (field of view different from when secondary mirror 10a was used) 2
You can see at 4. That is, two types of angle of view can be selected. Further, the number of secondary mirrors can be changed to three or more by setting the number of secondary mirrors to three or more. Further, in the present embodiment,
Although the case in which the number of secondary mirrors is plural has been described, it is needless to say that the same effect can be obtained by rotating plural primary mirrors or tertiary mirrors.

Embodiment 9 FIG. FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention. In the figure, 10c and 10d are secondary mirrors, and the secondary mirrors 10c and 10d are slidably supported by a support member 11b in a direction perpendicular to the center axis 9. Further, the reflecting surfaces of the secondary mirrors 10a and 10b are the same as those of the seventh embodiment.
Similarly, the angle formed between the central axis 9 and the incident light 12 and the angle formed between the central axis 9 and the tertiary reflected light 38 are different from each other. Light can be collected and an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained.

In the state shown in FIG. 15A, a wide field of view 24 can be seen using the secondary mirror 10c. By sliding the support member 11b, the secondary mirror 10d can be seen as shown in FIG. 15B.
(Field of view different from that using secondary mirror 10c)
24. That is, two types of angles of view can be selected. Further, the number of secondary mirrors can be changed to three or more by setting the number of secondary mirrors to three or more. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, a case has been described in which a plurality of secondary mirrors are provided, but it is needless to say that a similar effect can be obtained even when a plurality of primary mirrors or tertiary mirrors are slid.

Embodiment 10 FIG. FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 37a denotes a tertiary mirror, and the tertiary mirror 37a has a transmission portion 25 for transmitting the incident light 12. FIG. 17 is an image obtained by the apparatus according to the present embodiment. In the figure, reference numeral 26 denotes an image formed by the secondary reflected light 14 reflected by the tertiary mirror 37a, and reference numeral 27 denotes an incident light directly transmitted through the transmission portion 25 of the tertiary mirror 37a. It is an image by light 12.
Therefore, a wide-angle image via the primary mirror 8, the secondary mirror 10, and the tertiary mirror 37 and a direct image transmitted through the transmission unit 25 can be simultaneously viewed.

Embodiment 11 FIG. FIG. 18 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention. In the figure, 28 is a plane mirror provided above the tertiary mirror 37b, and 24a is a field of view of an image viewed through the plane mirror 28. Similarly to the tenth embodiment, the tertiary mirror 37b
Is provided with a transmission part 25 for transmitting the incident light 12, and a plane mirror 28 is provided.
Is combined with the lower part of the transmission part 25 of the tertiary mirror 37b,
In the state of FIG. 18A, as shown in FIG. 17, a wide-angle image via the primary mirror 8, the secondary mirror 10, and the tertiary mirror 37 and a direct image via the plane mirror 28 can be simultaneously viewed. By changing the position and angle of the plane mirror 28 as shown in FIG. 18B, the direction of the visual field 24a can be changed. That is, while viewing a wide-angle image, only the desired portion can be simultaneously enlarged and viewed.

Embodiment 12 FIG. FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 8c and 8d denote primary mirrors.
Has been split. Similarly to the seventh embodiment, the primary mirrors 8c and 8d are formed so that the angle between the central axis 9 and the incident light 12 and the angle between the central axis 9 and the tertiary reflected light 38 are different. Therefore, the reflecting surfaces of the divided primary mirrors can simultaneously collect a plurality of different types of wide-angle incident light at the viewpoint, thereby obtaining an arbitrary angle of view.

FIG. 20 is an image obtained by the apparatus according to the present embodiment, in which 29 is an image obtained by the primary mirror 8c, and 30 is an image obtained by the primary mirror 8d. Due to the shape of the reflecting surfaces of the primary mirrors 8c and 8d,
The subject in the field of view 24 around the central axis 9 can be viewed at two different angles of view. Further, the primary mirrors 8c and 8d are driven to rotate, and images before and after rotating the primary mirrors 8c and 8d by 180 degrees around the central axis 9 are stored in a storage / synthesizing unit, respectively, and the images are synthesized later. By doing so, an image of the entire circumference around the central axis 9 of each angle of view can be created. In the present embodiment, the primary mirror 8 is divided into two parts. However, the primary mirror 8 can be divided into three or more parts so that the primary mirror 8 can be viewed at three or more types of angles of view. Needless to say, the effect is obtained.

Embodiment 13 FIG. FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 8e denotes a primary mirror, which is divided into two different concentric partial mirrors 8ea and 8eb. Also, primary mirrors (partial mirrors) 8ea, 8e
b is the center axis 9 and the incident light 12 as in the seventh embodiment.
Is formed so that the angle between the central axis 9 and the tertiary reflected light 38 is different from the angle formed by the central axis 9 and the tertiary reflected light 38. Light can be converged on the viewpoint at the same time, and an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained.

FIG. 22 shows an image obtained by the apparatus according to the present embodiment. In the figure, 31 is an image obtained by the primary mirror 8ea, and 32 is an image obtained by the primary mirror 8eb. Due to the shapes of the reflection surfaces of the primary mirrors 8ea and 8eb, it is possible to simultaneously see two types of subjects in the visual field 24 around the central axis 9. In the present embodiment, the primary mirror 8e is divided into two parts.
It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if the image can be viewed at more than two kinds of angles of view, and even if the secondary mirror or the tertiary mirror is divided.

Embodiment 14 FIG. FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 8f denotes a primary mirror, and the primary mirror 8f is formed of a flexible material. Also,
33 is an actuator (driving device), which is a primary mirror 8f
It is attached to the back side of the reflective surface. Therefore, by driving the actuator 33, the reflecting surface of the primary mirror 8f is deformed, and the relationship between the angle between the central axis 9 and the incident light 12 and the angle between the central axis 9 and the tertiary reflected light 38 changes. Can obtain an infinite variety of angles of view.

Embodiment 15 FIG. FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention. In the drawing, reference numeral 11 denotes a transparent cover as a support member, and the transparent cover 11 is formed so that a tangent plane at a transmission point of the transparent cover 11 is perpendicular to all incident lights 12 collected at a viewpoint 17. I have. Therefore, since the incident light 12 does not refract when transmitting through the transparent cover 11, the incident angle of the incident light does not change.

Embodiment 16 FIG. FIG. 25 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention. In the figure, 8g is a primary mirror, and the reflection surface of the primary mirror 8g has a concave shape. Therefore, in the obtained image, the positions of the subject in the front direction and the subject in the side direction of the apparatus are reversed. That is, as shown in FIG. 26, a subject having an incident angle θ of 80 degrees appears in the center of the image, and a subject having an incident angle θ of 10 degrees appears in the peripheral portion of the image.

Embodiment 17 FIG. FIG. 27 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 17 of the present invention. In the figure, 8h and 8i are primary mirrors, and the primary mirrors 8h and 8i are made of a thin material having a mirror-like surface. Reference numeral 34 denotes a primary mirror attraction plate, and the primary mirror attraction plate 3
4 and the primary mirrors 8h and 8i are joined at the outer periphery and the inner periphery. Reference numeral 35 denotes a pump, and reference numeral 36 denotes a pipe connecting the primary mirror suction plate 34 and the pump 35. In the state shown in FIG. 27A, air is sent from the pump 35 to the primary mirror suction plate 34, and the primary mirror 8h expands, so that the reflection surface of the primary mirror 8h has a convex shape. The object in (1) appears in the center of the screen, and the object in the lateral direction appears in the periphery of the screen. In the state shown in FIG. 27B, the primary mirror 8i is attracted to the primary mirror suction plate 34 by the pump 35, so that the reflection surface of the primary mirror 8i has a concave shape, and the obtained image is the same as in the above embodiment. A subject in the front direction of the apparatus is captured in the peripheral portion of the screen, and a subject in the side direction is captured in the central portion of the screen. That is,
Two types of projection methods can be switched.

Embodiment 18 FIG. Embodiments 1 to 1 above
7, the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror supported by the support member, the support rotation member, the support movement member or the support rotation drive member may be detachable or slideable so that they can be exchanged. Can be obtained.

Embodiment 19 FIG. FIG. 28 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 19 of the present invention. In the figure, 15b is a lens for visible light, 15c
Is an infrared lens, 16a is a visible light CCD camera, 1
6b is an infrared CCD camera. The device of the present invention can be used not only for visible light but also for infrared light and other electromagnetic waves. The visible light can be obtained by rotating the plane mirror 28 rotatably supported to change the optical path of the secondary reflected light 14. Optical CCD camera 16a and infrared CCD camera 1
6b can be switched.

Embodiment 20 FIG. In addition, the device of the present invention
By placing a projector or the like at the position of the viewpoint 17 in the above embodiment, it is possible to project on a wider screen.

Embodiment 21 FIG. FIG. 29 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 21 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 39 denotes a convex mirror provided below the tertiary mirror 37c, and reference numeral 24b denotes a field of view of an image viewed through the convex mirror 39. The twenty-first embodiment corresponds to the eleventh embodiment.
In this embodiment, the plane mirror 28 in FIG. 18 is replaced with a convex mirror 39. The field of view of the image viewed through the transmission section 25 is
, A wider field of view 24b can be obtained.

Embodiment 22 FIG. FIG. 30 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 40 is a prism provided below the tertiary mirror 37d, and 24c is a field of view of an image viewed through the prism 40. This embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment.
In this example, the flat mirror 28 of FIG. The prism 40 is connected to the transmitting portion 25 of the tertiary mirror 37d.
17, a wide-angle image via the primary mirror 8, the secondary mirror 10, and the tertiary mirror 37d and an image via the prism 40 can be simultaneously viewed, as shown in FIG.
By changing the position and angle of the prism 40, the field of view 24c
Can be changed. That is, while viewing a wide-angle image, only the desired portion can be simultaneously enlarged and viewed.

Embodiment 23 FIG. FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 23 of the present invention. In the drawing, reference numeral 41 denotes a driving device attached to the plane mirror 28, and reference numeral 24d denotes a visual field of an image viewed through the plane mirror 28. In the twenty-third embodiment, a driving device 41 is attached to the plane mirror 28 of FIG. The direction of the visual field 24d can be arbitrarily changed by rotating the plane mirror 28 with the driving device 41.

Embodiment 24 FIG. FIG. 32 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 24 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 42 denotes a convex lens provided below the tertiary mirror 37e, and reference numeral 24e denotes a visual field of an image viewed through the convex lens 42. The twenty-fourth embodiment is different from the transmission part 2 shown in FIG.
5 is provided with a convex lens 42. By passing the field of view of the image viewed through the transmission section 25 through the convex lens 42, the field of view 2
The viewing angle of 4e can be changed. An arbitrary angle of view can be obtained by changing the convex lens 42 to a lens having a different focal length or by combining a plurality of lenses.

Embodiment 25 FIG. FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an optical system according to Embodiment 25 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 43 denotes a reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device in which a lens and a CCD camera 16 are provided at a viewpoint, 44 denotes a display device that displays an image from the CCD camera 16, and 45 denotes an image that processes the image from the CCD camera 16. Image processing equipment,
46 is a display device for displaying an image from the image processing device 45, and 47 is a signal cable. FIG. 34 is an image obtained from the CCD camera 16 of the optical system according to the present embodiment, that is, an image of the display device 44. FIG.
6 is an image of the display device 46 of the optical system according to the present embodiment.

For example, when the viewing angle of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device 43 is {(360 degrees omnidirectional) × (horizontal line ± 20 degrees)}, the image obtained from the CCD camera 16 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the subject's head is photographed on the inner peripheral side and the foot is photographed on the outer peripheral side. As can be seen from FIG. 34, the subject is inevitably distorted. By rearranging the pixels of the image from the CCD camera 16 by the image processing device 45, an image without distortion shown in FIG. 35 can be processed.

Embodiment 26 FIG. FIG. 36 is a diagram showing an optical system according to Embodiment 26 of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 48 denotes a single-lens reflex camera provided at the viewpoint of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device. SLR camera 48 at the viewpoint
, A single-lens reflex camera 48 can capture a wide-angle image.

Embodiment 27 FIG. FIG. 37 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a twenty-seventh embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 37f is a tertiary mirror of a half mirror. The primary mirror 8 and the secondary mirror 10 are the same as those in FIG. By using the tertiary mirror 37f as a half mirror, a wide-angle image via the primary mirror 8, the secondary mirror 10, and the tertiary mirror 37f and an image behind the tertiary mirror 37f can be simultaneously viewed. Note that the primary mirror 8 and the secondary mirror 10 can be half mirrors.

Embodiment 28 FIG. FIG. 38 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 28 of the present invention. In the figure, 28a is a plane mirror of a half mirror. In the twenty-eighth embodiment, the plane mirror 28 of FIG. 18 is a half mirror. Since the plane mirror 28a is a half mirror, a wide-angle image via the primary mirror 8, the secondary mirror 10, and the tertiary mirror 37, an image reflected on the plane mirror 28a, and an image behind the plane mirror 28a can be simultaneously viewed. . In addition,
29, 30, and 31, the convex mirror 39 and the prism 4
0, the plane mirror 28 may be a half mirror. The device of the present invention is the same as the CCD camera 16 of the above embodiment.
By arranging a light source or the like at the position, it can be used as a floodlight.

[0176]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the primary mirror which has the reflecting surface composed of the rotating body surface and reflects the incident light from the subject as the primary reflected light, the reflection composed of the rotating body surface A secondary mirror that has a surface and is arranged on the same central axis as the primary mirror so as to face the primary mirror and reflects the primary reflected light as secondary reflected light, and has a reflecting surface composed of a rotating body surface and faces the secondary mirror And a tertiary mirror that is arranged on the same central axis as the primary mirror and the secondary mirror and reflects the secondary reflected light as tertiary reflected light and condenses it at the viewpoint, so that wide-angle incident light is condensed at the viewpoint. And an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained according to design conditions.
Further, since the reflecting mirror can be made of a material such as metal, the strength can be improved and the working is easy, and further, there is an effect that a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device having no chromatic aberration or absorption can be obtained.

Further, according to the invention of claim 2, the primary mirror,
Since at least one of the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror is slidably supported in the direction of the central axis, the primary mirror and the primary mirror are adjusted according to the angle of the primary reflected light respectively reflected by a plurality of different partial mirrors of the primary mirror. By adjusting the distance to the secondary mirror, incident light at different wide angles can be collected at the viewpoint, and there is an effect of obtaining an arbitrary angle of view.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the primary mirror,
At least one of the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror is slidably supported in the direction of the central axis, and the angle between the central axis and the incident light from the subject and the angle between the central axis and the tertiary reflected light due to the sliding. The shape of the reflecting surface of the primary, secondary, and tertiary mirrors was shaped so that the angle between the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror was changed. The incident angle of the light, the incident angle of the primary reflected light on the secondary mirror, the incident angle of the secondary reflected light on the tertiary mirror, and the incident angle of the tertiary reflected light on the viewpoint change, respectively, and are incident at different wide angles. Light can be collected at the viewpoint, and an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained.

Further, according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a primary mirror,
Either the secondary mirror or the tertiary mirror is constituted by a plurality of mirrors, and the plurality of mirrors are rotatably supported by a support member, and the angle between the central axis and the incident light, the central axis, and the tertiary reflected light The shape of the reflecting surface of the multiple mirrors is shaped so that the angle between the mirror and the mirror is different even if any of the mirrors is selected. And an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a primary mirror,
Either the secondary mirror or the tertiary mirror is composed of a plurality of mirrors, and the plurality of mirrors are slidably supported by a support member, and the angle between the central axis and the incident light, the central axis, and the third reflection. Since the shape of the reflecting surface of the plurality of mirrors is formed so that the angle formed with the light is different even if any of the plurality of mirrors is selected, the incident light having different wide angles is collected at the viewpoint. Light can be emitted, and an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained.

Further, according to the invention of claim 6, the primary mirror,
At least one of the secondary mirror and tertiary mirror has a transmission part that transmits the incident light from the subject, so that a wide-angle image reflected by the reflection mirror and a direct image transmitted through the transmission part can be viewed simultaneously. it can.

Furthermore, according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since a lens for refracting light transmitted through the transmission portion is disposed in the transmission portion, light transmitted through the transmission portion is refracted by the lens, and the light is transmitted through the lens. Can be obtained. Also,
According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the optical path changing unit having the rotatably supported optical path changing unit having the reflecting surface for reflecting the incident light from the subject to the secondary mirror or the tertiary mirror or the viewpoint is provided. By rotating, the direction of the incident light transmitted through the transmission part can be changed.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the optical path changing unit is a plane mirror, a direct image can be viewed through the plane mirror. In addition, according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, since the optical path changing section is a convex mirror, the field of view seen through the transmitting section can be made wider.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, since the optical path changing portion is a prism, the direction of the field of view passing through the transmitting portion can be changed by changing the position and angle of the prism. According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, since the reflection surface of the optical path changing portion is a half mirror, an image obtained from the reflection surface and an image transmitted through the half mirror can be viewed at the same time. According to the thirteenth aspect, since the optical path changing unit is provided with the driving device for rotating the optical path changing unit, it is possible to change the direction of the incident light transmitted through the transmitting unit.

According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is divided into a plurality of partial mirrors in the circumferential direction, and the difference between the central axis and the incident light from the subject is obtained. Since the reflection surface of the partial mirror is shaped so that the angle formed and the angle formed by the central axis and the tertiary reflected light are different irrespective of which mirror is selected, the reflection surface of the partial mirror has a plurality of different types of reflection surfaces. Wide-angle incident light can be simultaneously focused on the viewpoint, and an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained.

According to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the mirror having the plurality of partial mirrors is driven to rotate about the central axis, stores the tertiary reflected light before rotation, and stores the tertiary reflected light after rotation. , And a plurality of types of incident light at respective angles of view can be obtained over the entire area around the central axis.

According to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is concentrically divided into a plurality of partial mirrors. Since the reflection surface of the partial mirror is formed so that the angle formed by the central axis and the angle formed by the tertiary reflected light are different from each other, the reflection surface of the partial mirror is capable of reflecting a plurality of different types of wide-angle incident light. Light can be simultaneously focused on the viewpoint, and an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained.

According to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is formed of a flexible material, and the mirror formed of the flexible material is driven by a driving device. Since it is deformed, the shape of the mirror can be changed infinitely, and an arbitrary angle of view can be obtained.

According to the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, a cover that covers the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror and that transmits incident light from a subject is provided. Since it is shaped so as to be perpendicular to, it is possible to converge wide-angle incident light to the viewpoint, and to obtain an arbitrary angle of view according to design conditions,
Since the incident light does not refract when transmitting through the support member, the incident angle of the incident light does not change.

According to the nineteenth aspect of the present invention, at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is replaceable with a mirror having a reflection surface of a different shape, so that an infinite range of angles of view is obtained. be able to.

Furthermore, according to the twentieth aspect,
Since at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is a half mirror, a wide-angle image reflected by the reflecting mirror and an image transmitted through the half mirror can be simultaneously viewed. Also,
According to the twenty-first aspect of the present invention, the camera is provided at the viewpoint of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device and captures an image condensed by the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device. Images can be taken.

According to the twenty-second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the projector which is disposed at the viewpoint of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device and projects the image converged by the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device. By reflecting the light projected from the machine one after another with a tertiary mirror, a secondary mirror, and a primary mirror, light can be projected at a wide angle. Furthermore, according to the twenty-third aspect of the present invention, since the solid-state imaging device that is arranged at the viewpoint of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device and captures an image condensed by the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device is provided, a wide angle The image can be captured by the solid-state imaging device.

According to the twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention, since the display device for displaying the image picked up by the solid-state image sensor is provided, a wide-angle image picked up by the solid-state image sensor can be displayed. According to the twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image processing device for processing an image picked up by the solid-state image sensor, and a processed image display device for displaying an image processed by the image processing device. Image processing is performed on a wide-angle image captured by the element, and a processed image can be displayed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a design method of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a plan view showing an image obtained by the device according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a plan view showing an image obtained by the device according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a plan view showing an image obtained by the device according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a plan view showing an image obtained by the device according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 17 of the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a twenty-first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a twenty-third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to Embodiment 24 of the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an optical system according to Embodiment 25 of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an image obtained by a reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device of an optical system according to Embodiment 25 of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a diagram showing an image obtained by the image processing device of the optical system according to Embodiment 25 of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a diagram showing an optical system according to Embodiment 26 of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a twenty-seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a sectional view showing a reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to a twenty-eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional ultra-wide-angle lens.

FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view showing a reflecting mirror of a conventional reflecting telescope.

[Explanation of symbols]

8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8
h, 8i primary mirror, 9 central axis, 10,10a, 10
b, 10c, 10d Secondary mirror, 11 Transparent cover, 11
a, 11b support member, 12 incident light, 13 primary reflected light, 14 secondary reflected light, 17 viewpoints, 25 transmission part, 2
8 plane mirror, 33 actuator, 35 pump, 3
7, 37a, 37b Tertiary mirror, 38 Tertiary reflected light 39 Convex mirror, 40 Prism, 41 Driver, 42
Convex lens, 43 reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device, 44, 4
6 display device, 45 image processing device, 47 signal cable, 48 single-lens reflex camera.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Akira Ichikawa, 2-3-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Mitsui Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Shoji Yoshikawa 2-3-2, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Katsuhiko Yamada 2-3-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Claims (25)

[Claims] 1. A primary mirror having a reflecting surface formed of a rotating body surface and reflecting incident light from a subject as primary reflected light, and a primary mirror having a reflecting surface formed of a rotating body surface and facing the primary mirror. A secondary mirror arranged on the same central axis to reflect the primary reflected light as secondary reflected light, having a reflecting surface composed of a rotating body surface, facing the secondary mirror, the primary mirror and the secondary mirror; A reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device, comprising: a tertiary mirror disposed on the same central axis to reflect the secondary reflected light as tertiary reflected light and to condense it at a viewpoint. 2. The primary mirror has a reflecting surface composed of a plurality of partial mirrors concentrically arranged at different angles with respect to a central axis, and at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror is provided. 2. The reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is slidably supported in the direction of the central axis. 3. An at least one of a primary mirror, a secondary mirror and a tertiary mirror is slidably supported in a central axis direction, an angle between the central axis and incident light from a subject, and the central axis and tertiary reflection. 2. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1, wherein the reflection surfaces of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror are formed so as to have different angles with respect to light. 4. A primary mirror, a secondary mirror, or a tertiary mirror is constituted by a plurality of mirrors, and the plurality of mirrors are rotatably supported by a support member, and form a central axis and incident light from a subject. The angle and the angle between the central axis and the tertiary reflected light are:
2. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1, wherein the reflection surfaces of the plurality of mirrors are formed so that the reflection surfaces are different even when any one of the plurality of mirrors is selected. 5. A primary mirror, a secondary mirror, or a tertiary mirror is constituted by a plurality of mirrors, and the plurality of mirrors are slidably supported by a support member. And the angle between the central axis and the tertiary reflected light,
2. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1, wherein the reflection surfaces of the plurality of mirrors are formed so that the reflection surfaces are different even when any one of the plurality of mirrors is selected. 6. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is provided with a transmission portion that transmits incident light from a subject. 7. The transmission part is provided with a lens that refracts light transmitted through the transmission part.
The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1. 8. A rotatably supported optical path changing unit having a reflecting surface for reflecting incident light from a subject to a secondary mirror, a tertiary mirror, or a viewpoint is provided. Item 7. A reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to Item 7. 9. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 8, wherein the optical path changing unit is a plane mirror. 10. The reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 8, wherein the optical path changing unit is a convex mirror. 11. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 8, wherein the optical path changing unit is a prism. 12. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 8, wherein the reflection surface of the optical path changing unit is a half mirror. 13. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 8, wherein the optical path changing unit includes a driving device for rotating the optical path changing unit. . 14. At least one of a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, and a tertiary mirror is divided into a plurality of partial mirrors in a circumferential direction, and an angle formed between a central axis and light incident from a subject;
2. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1, wherein the reflection surface of the partial mirror is formed so that the angle formed with the next reflected light is different regardless of which mirror is selected. 15. A mirror having a plurality of partial mirrors is driven to rotate about a central axis, and includes a storage / synthesizing unit for storing tertiary reflected light before rotation and combining with the tertiary reflected light after rotation. 15. The reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 14, wherein: 16. At least one of a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, and a tertiary mirror is concentrically divided into a plurality of partial mirrors, and an angle formed between a central axis and incident light from a subject; 2. The reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1, wherein the reflection surface of the partial mirror is formed so that the angle formed with the next reflected light is different from each other. 17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is formed of a flexible material, and the mirror formed of the flexible material is deformed by a driving device. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 16. 18. A cover that covers the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror and that transmits incident light from a subject is provided, and a transmission surface of the cover is formed to be perpendicular to the incident light from the subject. 18. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1, wherein the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device is performed. 19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is replaceable with a mirror having a reflection surface of a different shape. The reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1. 20. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, and the tertiary mirror is a half mirror.
20. The reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 19. 21. A reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device is disposed at a viewpoint of the reflection type angle-of-view conversion optical device. An optical system comprising a camera for capturing a light image. 22. A reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1, wherein the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device is arranged at a viewpoint of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device. An optical system comprising a projector for projecting a light image. 23. A reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device according to claim 1, wherein the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device is arranged at a viewpoint of the reflection-type angle-of-view conversion optical device. An optical system comprising a solid-state imaging device for capturing a light image. 24. A display device for displaying an image picked up by a solid-state image pickup device.
Optical system as described. 25. An image processing apparatus for processing an image captured by a solid-state imaging device, and a processed image display apparatus for displaying an image processed by the image processing apparatus. 25. The optical system according to 24.