JPH11100809A - Road shape measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To quickly and accurately measure the shape of a road without using a large-scale device. An electronic staff (2) is arranged on a trolley (1) capable of measuring a moving distance and an inclination angle, an electronic level (4) is installed on a road, and the trolley is moved to a desired position for road shape measurement. Every time the truck moves a predetermined distance longer than the distance between the wheels 7, the height of the electronic staff at that time is measured to calculate the height from the reference position on the measured road surface, and the truck moves the distance between the front and rear wheels. Every time you measure the inclination angle of the bogie at that time,
The height difference of the road between the front and rear wheels of the bogie at that time is calculated from the inclination angle, and the next electronic level and measurement by the electronic staff are performed based on the height of the road calculated by sequentially measuring the electronic level and the electronic staff. Up to the point, the height difference of the road calculated from the inclination angle of the bogie is the amount of road shape change,
These were made continuous to form a road shape.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention uses an electronic level and an electronic staff with excellent measurement accuracy, and can measure a shape mainly in a transverse direction of a road quickly while securing the measurement accuracy. And related road shape measurement methods.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Pavement roads are subject to rutting and cracking during service, resulting in breakage and destruction. To repair this, mathematically measure the unevenness of the pavement surface and plan repaving. It is necessary to create materials.

[0003] As a conventional method for measuring the state of unevenness, a yarn is stretched horizontally in the transverse direction of the road, and the depth of the unevenness is measured along the yarn by, for example, a nine-point method using a ruler. There was a method of measuring. Also,
Instead of this ruler, there is a type in which a distance from a reference height of a thread or the like to a road surface is electrically measured using a distance meter such as a rotary encoder.

However, since these methods are manually performed, the burden on the measurer is large, errors due to individual differences of the measurer are large, and the number of measurement points cannot be increased. I couldn't.

On the other hand, a large measuring device provided with a sensor has been developed to solve such a problem caused by human power. However, the measuring device is very expensive due to its complexity.
In addition, since it is heavy and heavy, handling is troublesome, and furthermore, since only a maximum distance of about 3.9 meters can be measured, the conditions under which it can be used are very limited and it is difficult to say that it is practical.

In recent years, a method has been developed for measuring the height of the electronic staff position based on the position of the electronic level by using a combination of an electronic level emitting laser light and an electronic staff having a light receiving surface of the laser light. ing.

The method of measuring the unevenness of the road using the electronic level and the electronic staff has better measurement accuracy than the conventional manual method, and is simpler to handle than a large measuring device. It has features that it can measure long distances and that the whole device is inexpensive.

[0008]

However, when the road shape is measured and used by using the electronic level and the electronic staff, when the electronic staff is set at a predetermined position, a laser beam is emitted from the electronic level to determine which one of the electronic staffs. Since it is necessary to record whether or not light is received at the height, it takes a certain amount of time to perform a measurement at one point in the performance of the apparatus currently used.

Therefore, for example, when measuring the crossing shape of a road having a road width of 4 meters, if the height of the road is measured every 10 cm by using the electronic level and the electronic staff, one place per second is obtained. Even if measured, it takes at least about 40 seconds, and blocking traffic for such a long time on a road that is actually in use is not only a traffic obstacle but also unfavorable in terms of worker safety.

[0010]

In other words, if the measurement time can be shortened while securing the measurement accuracy and maintaining the simplicity of the measurement by using the electronic level and the electronic staff, the shape of the road in the cross direction can be improved. It is most suitable for measuring the road shape, and the measurable distance is as long as several hundred meters, so that once the electronic level is set, the road shape can be measured in a short time over a wide range.

Therefore, a road shape measuring method according to the present invention (claim 1) is to provide an electronic staff on a truck having front wheels and rear wheels and capable of measuring a moving distance and a tilt angle, and An electronic level is installed on the truck, and the truck is moved to a desired position for road shape measurement.Each time the truck moves a predetermined distance greater than the distance between the front and rear wheels of the truck, the height of the electronic staff at that time is measured and measured. Calculate the height of the truck from the reference position on the road surface, and each time the truck moves a distance equal to the distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel, measure the inclination angle of the truck at that time, and from the inclination angle, Calculate the height difference of the road between the front wheel and the rear wheel, and sequentially measure with the electronic level and the electronic staff Based on the calculated road height, the bogie is used until the next electronic level and the measurement point at the electronic staff Calculated from the inclination angle of the road The height difference and the shape variation of the road,
By making these continuous, the road shape at the measurement point is obtained.

Further, in addition to the above, when measuring the height of the road with the electronic level and the electronic staff, the inclination angle of the electronic staff at the measurement point is measured, and the measured value at that time is measured based on the inclination angle. The electronic staff has corrected the height of the electronic staff so that the height becomes the vertical value.

[0013]

[Effect] The electronic staff and the inclinometer are mounted on the trolley, and the trolley travels straight on the road to be measured while measuring the traveling distance of the trolley. Then, a laser beam is emitted from the electronic level to the electronic staff for each reference point at a certain distance, and the height of the point is measured.

Each time the truck moves the distance between the front and rear wheels of the truck, the inclination of the truck with respect to the horizontal or vertical is measured by an inclinometer to determine the height difference (the amount of unevenness) between the front and rear wheels of the truck. calculate.

The height of the reference point is measured by the electronic level and the electronic staff, and between adjacent reference points, the height difference of each of the front and rear wheels of the truck is calculated by measuring the inclination angle of the truck. Then, the road shape is obtained by connecting the measured values at these measurement points.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The electronic level and electronic staff used in the present invention are as follows. The electronic level has a rotating rotor that emits laser light, and the laser light is emitted while rotating at a rotation speed of 600 rpm. The electronic staff receives laser light from an electronic level through an optical fiber and can measure the height from a reference point in units of 1.0 mm or 0.5 mm. For example, Nikon Electronic Staff EPS-05A and Electronic Level AL manufactured by Nikon Corporation
-50 can be used. By using these two in combination, it is possible to measure at least about one location per second at a distance of a radius of about 150 meters from the electronic level.

Further, the cart used in the present invention has a state in which the electronic staff is fixed vertically to the cart by an appropriate method,
Alternatively, any device may be used as long as it can travel in a state where it can be maintained vertically at all times, and either power source for traveling may or may not be provided. However, since it is necessary to measure the inclination of the bogie every time the distance between the front and rear wheels of the bogie is moved, it has a function to measure the traveling distance of the bogie, and the inclination angle of the bogie can be measured. Need to be. As a method of measuring the traveling distance of the bogie, for example, the number of rotations of the wheels may be measured and the traveling distance may be calculated based on the measured number. As a method of measuring the inclination angle, an accelerometer may be installed in parallel with the traveling direction of the bogie, and the inclination angle may be calculated based on the accelerometer. In addition,
It goes without saying that the inclination angle of the cart may be measured by another method.

It is desirable to set the interval between the front and rear wheels to 10 cm in order to measure the inclination angle at intervals of 10 cm when moving the carriage in order to increase the measurement accuracy. However, if this alone is used, the stability of the carriage during running is lacking. Auxiliary wheels may be provided at appropriate locations so as not to obstruct the inclination of the bogie caused by the front and rear wheels. However, when the measurement accuracy is not required to be so high, the distance between the front and rear wheels of the bogie may be longer. On the other hand, in addition to the so-called front and rear wheels of the bogie, a pair of front and rear measuring wheels dedicated to measurement are provided in the front-rear direction of the bogie, and the front and rear measuring wheels (in this case, the front and rear wheels of the invention) And the rear wheel)
May be used as a reference for the measurement. Alternatively, one of the front measurement wheel and the rear measurement wheel may also be used as a front wheel or a rear wheel of the bogie. In any case, it is only necessary that the inclination angle and the moving distance of the bogie can be measured by the wheels arranged before and after as a reference.

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, an embodiment of a method for measuring a road shape according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, in a case where the road shape is measured. As shown in FIG. 1, an electronic staff 2 is vertically disposed on a truck 1, and a goniometer 3 having an appropriate structure is disposed, and the truck 1 is caused to travel in a cross-road direction. Then, laser light 5 is emitted from the electronic level 4 installed at the reference position on the road. The distance between the front wheel 6 and the rear wheel 7 of the truck 1 is L
In addition, the traveling distance can be measured by the number of rotations of the wheels.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2, every time the carriage 1 moves a distance of 50 cm, the laser light 5
And the electronic staff 2 measures the height at the reference point. For example, the road width 4 m in the case of the measurement of the road, after first measuring the one of the height of the side end S _0, the truck 1 is traveling on the road transverse of S ₁ to S ₈ in 50cm intervals The measurement is performed sequentially at the reference points. When the electronic level 4 and the electronic staff 2 manufactured by Nikon Corporation are used, the laser light 5 from the electronic level 4 is continuously emitted, and the carriage 4 is moved to the predetermined reference points S _{1 to} S _When the number reaches ₈ , the height at that time is measured by the electronic staff 2 and recorded in an appropriate storage device, for example, a computer.

[0021] The distance between the rear wheel 7 bogie 1 is a front wheel 6 from the reference point S ₀ L (10 cm in this embodiment)
Each time the vehicle travels, the angle of the carriage 1 with respect to the horizontal is measured. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the reference point S ₀ A
Assuming that the angle is a point, measurement is first made at point A to obtain an angle α.
Then, an angle β is obtained by measuring the distance L (10 cm) between the front wheel 6 and the rear wheel 7 at the point B where the vehicle has traveled. Continued trolley 1
Is measured at point C where the distance L (10 cm) between the front wheel 6 and the rear wheel 7 has traveled to obtain an angle γ. In this way, the angle is sequentially measured for each distance L (10 cm) between the front wheel 6 and the rear wheel 7.

Based on the angles measured at each point, the height difference h between point A and point B is determined as shown in FIG.
α, height difference hβ between points B and C, height difference hγ between points C and D
Are sequentially calculated. The height difference of hα, hβ, hγ... Is sequentially connected to the reference point S ₀ (point A) as a reference height to form a road shape.

In this way, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 (a), at the reference points S ₀ , S ₁ , S ₂ ... S ₈ , the height is measured by the electronic level 4 and the electronic staff 2. At each of the points A, B, C,..., The angle of the bogie 1 is measured to calculate hα at point B, hβ at point C, hγ at point D,
・ Calculate

Then, based on the values obtained in this way, as shown in FIG. 4B, the reference points S ₀ , S
_1, S ₂ A in between each ···, B, C ·
By using hα, hβ, hγ,... Obtained at each point, the road shape is determined as the amount of unevenness of the road. Also, S ₁ and F, S
_{At the} point where the reference point such as ₂ and K and the point where the height difference is obtained by the angle measurement overlap, the height obtained by the electronic level 4 and the electronic staff 2 is adopted, and as shown by the dotted line in FIG. , E and S ₁ , and a line connecting J and S ₂ are taken as road shapes. This is because a cumulative difference of errors cannot be avoided in the height difference obtained by the angle measurement, and it is necessary to correct the error at the reference point to a correct value.

The reference points S ₀ , S ₁ , S _2.
· Connecting until S ₈ in this way when it comes to the road shape of the measurement object road. 10 to 20 in the case of the present embodiment
It can measure the shape of a road with a road width of 4 meters in seconds.

In order to further improve the measurement accuracy at the electronic staff 2 and the electronic level 4, the reference points S ₀ , S
_1, S the inclination angle of the electron staff 2 measured by the angle meter 3 at the time of measurement in ₂ ..., the measurement value of the electronic staff 2 at that time electronic staff 2 the height of the value at the time of vertical it's the inclination angle May be corrected as follows. In order to maintain the vertical position of the electronic staff 2 at all times without being affected by the inclination of the carriage 1, for example, a gimbal (gimba) is used.
If it is supported by l) or the like, it is not necessary to perform such correction.

In the above embodiment, the case of measuring the cross direction of the road has been described. However, the measurement direction is not limited to the cross direction of the road, and the measurement of the road shape may be performed in the traveling direction of the road. it can. When the measurement of the crossing direction of the first road is completed with the electronic level set at one point, the measurement of the traveling direction of the right end or the left end of the road from the first point to the second point is performed. If the measurement of the crossing direction of the road of the second point is continued after reaching the second point, the road shape can be continuously measured without resetting the electronic level each time.

[0028]

As described above, according to the road shape measuring method according to the present invention, the electronic staff is disposed on the bogie having the front wheels and the rear wheels and capable of measuring the moving distance and the inclination angle. An electronic level is installed at an arbitrary position of the trolley, and the trolley is moved to a desired shape. The height of the measured road surface from the reference position is calculated, and whenever the bogie moves a distance equal to the distance between the front and rear wheels, the tilt angle of the bogie at that time is measured. The height difference of the road between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the bogie is calculated, and the height of the road calculated by sequentially measuring with the electronic level and the electronic staff is used as a reference, to the next electronic level and the measurement point at the electronic staff. The distance is calculated from the inclination angle of the bogie The height difference of the road is used as the shape change amount of the road, and by making these continuous, the road shape at the measurement point is used.Thus, highly accurate measurement can be performed in a short time using a simple device. It is possible to measure at a stretch even over a long distance, and it is possible to measure not only the crossing direction of the road but also other road shapes.

In addition to the above, when measuring the height of the road with the electronic level and the electronic staff, the inclination angle of the electronic staff at the measurement point is measured, and the measured value at that time is read vertically by the electronic staff according to the inclination angle. Since the value is corrected to be the value of the height at the time, there is an effect that a more accurate measurement result can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an electronic level and an electronic staff used in a road shape measuring method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a method of measuring a road height at a reference point using an electronic level and electronic staff in the road shape measuring method according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a method of calculating a height difference (amount of unevenness) of a road using a cart carrying an inclinometer and an electronic staff in the road shape measuring method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view showing a measurement trajectory of a bogie, and FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram showing a method of determining a road shape from the measurement trajectory of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method of measuring a road shape according to the present invention; 5A is a front view showing a measurement progress, and FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram showing a method of determining a road shape from the measurement result of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 cart 2 electronic staff 3 goniometer 4 electronic level 5 laser beam 6 front wheel 7 rear wheel

Claims (2)

[Claims] An electronic staff is arranged on a truck having a front wheel and a rear wheel and capable of measuring a moving distance and an inclination angle, and an electronic level is installed at an arbitrary position on a road, and the truck is placed at a desired position for road shape measurement. Each time the truck moves a predetermined distance equal to or greater than the distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the truck, measures the height of the electronic staff at that time, calculates the height from the reference position of the measurement road surface, Each time the truck moves a distance equal to the distance between the front and rear wheels, the inclination angle of the truck at that time is measured, and the height difference of the road between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the truck at that time is calculated from the inclination angle. Based on the level and the height of the road calculated by the electronic staff sequentially, the height difference of the road calculated from the inclination angle of the bogie until the next electronic level and the measurement point by the electronic staff is the shape change of the road And these should be continuous Road shape measuring method is characterized in that as the road shape of the measurement points by. 2. When measuring the height of a road with an electronic level and an electronic staff, the inclination angle of the electronic staff at the measurement point is measured, and the measured value at that time is calculated by the electronic staff based on the inclination angle. The road shape measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the road shape is corrected to a value of the road shape.