JPH1114603A - Ultrasonic flaw detector - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ultrasonic flaw detector that can perform quantitative correction against the fluctuation in an ultrasonic transfer efficiency on the contact surface between an inspected object and an ultrasonic probe and can monitor the ultrasonic transfer condition from the ultrasonic probe to the inspected object. SOLUTION: The ultrasonic probe 22 of an SH wave probe structure 3 being set to the hollow hole surface of a hollow axle 2 transmits and receives an ultrasonic signal to and from the contact surface with the hollow hole surface. A supersonic controller 20 receives two types of ultrasonic reflection signal values from the hollow hole surface via the supersonic probe 22 and a selection switch circuit 19. A correction operation device 21 corrects the transfer efficiency of a defective signal on the contact surface between the ultrasonic probe 22 and the hollow hole surface 2 of the hollow axle 2, based on the level of the received, two types of ultrasonic reflection signal values and uses one ultrasonic reflection signal value as the monitor signal of the transfer condition of ultrasonic waves on an ultrasonic transfer surface.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detector using an oblique flaw detection method for a structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an ultrasonic flaw detector, a vertical probe is separately provided for monitoring (coupling check) the state of transmission of ultrasonic waves from an ultrasonic probe to an object to be inspected such as an axle. In oblique flaw detection, flaw detection is performed with shear waves, and the coupling check is performed with vertical waves because a vertical probe is used.Therefore, the difference in transmission conditions due to different ultrasonic modes is large, and the monitor is a rough guide. It only made sense.

[0003] Shear W horizontal waves (Shear W)
ave Horizontal, hereinafter abbreviated as SH wave)
In the flaw detection using an ultrasonic probe, the transmission efficiency of the ultrasonic probe to the contact surface with the object to be inspected is unstable, and a quantitative correction is required. Was enough.

[0004] In particular, when a special high-viscosity substance is used as the couplant, there is a problem that the transmission efficiency is likely to vary. In addition, there is another problem that the vertical probe cannot be used unless the inspection object has a bottom surface parallel to the probe contact surface.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above problem by quantitatively compensating for variations in ultrasonic transmission efficiency at the contact surface of an ultrasonic probe with an object to be inspected. Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic flaw detector capable of monitoring the state of transmission of ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic probe to the inspection object.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detector which receives ultrasonic waves reflected by a test object and performs flaw detection such as fatigue cracking of the test object. An ultrasonic wave which receives the ultrasonic wave reflected on the contact surface with the inspection object as an ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value, and receives the ultrasonic wave reflected on a defect portion of the inspection object as a defect signal value A probe and a correlation data file in which correlation data between the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal standardization value corresponding to the received ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value is stored in advance. And a correction operation device including correction operation means for performing a correction operation of the received defect signal value with the extracted defect signal normalized value.

According to the present invention, an ultrasonic probe receives an ultrasonic wave reflected at a contact surface with an object to be inspected as an ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value and reflects the ultrasonic wave at a defective portion of the object to be inspected. The extraction means of the correction operation device, which receives the ultrasonic wave and the defect signal value, previously sets the defect signal standardized value corresponding to the received ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value to the ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value and the defect signal standardized value. Is extracted from the correlation data file in which the correlation data with is stored.

[0008] The correction operation means performs a correction operation on the received defect signal value using the extracted defect signal normalized value.

As described above, the ultrasonic transmission efficiency can be quantitatively corrected for the defect signal, and the ultrasonic transmission status from the ultrasonic probe to the inspection object can be monitored. Ultrasonic flaw detection can be performed accurately without being affected by the shape of the inspection object.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An ultrasonic flaw detector according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to one embodiment of the present invention. It is set on a hollow hole surface of a hollow axle 2 fitted to a wheel 1,
SH wave probe structure 3 for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals, and SH
A rotary scanning driving device 13 for rotatingly scanning the wave probe structure 3 via the rotary drive transmission shaft 4 and an ultrasonic signal transmitted and received by the H-wave probe structure 3 via a slip ring 14. And a coordinate signal cable for transmitting a reflection generation coordinate signal of an ultrasonic signal received by the H-wave probe structure 3 to the correction operation device 21 via the slip ring 14. 1
8 ′, a changeover switch circuit 19 for alternately switching the operation of the two ultrasonic transducers incorporated in the SH-wave probe structure 3, and the two ultrasonic waves of the H-wave probe structure 3 An ultrasonic controller 20 for transmitting an ultrasonic wave by vibrating the vibrator via a switch circuit 19 and receiving a reflected signal of the ultrasonic wave and converting the signal into a voltage output signal; and an ultrasonic controller 2.
The reflection signal of the ultrasonic wave from 0 is stored together with the reflection generation coordinate signal, and the correction operation of the fluctuation of the ultrasonic transmission efficiency is performed,
And a correction arithmetic unit 21 for controlling the switching of the switch circuit 19 in accordance with the timing at which the ultrasonic controller 20 applies electric shock to the two ultrasonic transducers, and an ultrasonic wave on the hollow hole surface of the hollow axle 2 It comprises a coupling trace for monitoring the transmission status, and a printer 12 for printing an inspection record in which the defect signal after the correction operation is arranged together with its reflection occurrence coordinate signal.

The compressed air for crimping the hollow hole surface of the ultrasonic probe 22 of the SH-wave probe structure 3 and for press-fitting the couplant is supplied from the hose 17 through the rotary joint 15 to the S probe.
It is supplied to the H-wave probe structure 3.

Next, the operation of the ultrasonic flaw detector of this embodiment will be described.

In FIG. 1, a wheel 1 is tightly fitted to a hollow axle 2, and it is generally said that fretting fatigue cracks occur in the axle during service. The SH wave probe structure 3 for detecting this fatigue crack is set in a hollow hole of the hollow axle 2 as an object to be inspected, and the ultrasonic probe 22 of the SH wave probe structure 3 is set. It is pressed against the surface of the hollow hole.

Compressed air for pressing the ultrasonic probe 22 against the surface of the hollow hole is supplied from the hose 17 to the SH-wave probe structure 3 via the rotary joint 15.

The set SH wave probe structure 3 rotationally scans the hollow hole of the hollow axle 2 in a spiral manner by a rotary scanning drive device 13 installed at the end of the axle.

The rotary scanning drive unit 13 includes a rotary drive transmission shaft 4.
Are connected to the SH-wave probe structure 3 via a shaft, a feed screw 5 is provided on the rotary drive transmission shaft 4, and when the scanning motor 9 is started, the spur gear 11 is turned via the spur gear 10. By rotating, the rotary drive transmission shaft 4 is rotated via the key 8 and is slid by the key 8 by the pitch with the feed screw 5, thereby performing a spiral rotary scan.

In the rotation scanning, the SH wave probe structure 3
Transmits the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic controller 20 to the hollow hole surface of the hollow axle 2 while alternately switching the operation of the two ultrasonic transducers by the changeover switch circuit 19,
And it receives the reflected signal of the ultrasonic wave. Thereafter, the received ultrasonic reflected signal is transmitted to the ultrasonic controller 20 via the signal cable 18 and the changeover switch circuit 19, and is converted into a voltage output signal.

The ultrasonic signal converted into the voltage output signal is
The correction arithmetic unit 21 is input together with the generated coordinates, and the correction arithmetic unit 21 performs a correction calculation of the fluctuation of the ultrasonic transmission efficiency for the fatigue crack defect signal in the received ultrasonic signal. Thereafter, the corrected defect signal is arranged and output as an inspection record by the printer 12 together with the reflection occurrence coordinate signal, and a coupling trace for monitoring the ultrasonic transmission state on the hollow hole surface of the hollow axle 2 is output. You.

FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are explanatory views of the SH wave probe structure 3 of FIG. The SH wave probe structure 3 includes an ultrasonic probe 22 in which two ultrasonic transducers 32a and 32b are incorporated, a wedge member 41 holding the ultrasonic probe 22, and an ultrasonic probe. A cylinder 26 for holding a piston 28 for pressing a wedge member 41 including the cylinder 22 into the hollow hole surface; an ultrasonic transmission substance 27 injected between the wedge member 41 and the piston 28 in the cylinder 26; Ball 2 for setting the SH-wave probe structure 3 provided on the surface of the hollow hole
3 and a rotating ball 23 ′ provided integrally with the cylinder 26.
And a cylinder 25 holding a piston 24 for pressing the piston 24 against the surface of the hollow hole.

Next, how to arrange the SH wave probe structure 3 will be described. First, the SH wave probe structure 3 is
Is pushed into the hollow hole of the hollow axle 2 by hand, and inserted into a predetermined position. Then, the pistons 24 and 28 are actuated by air pressure from a compressed air supply hose 39, and the rotating balls 23 and 23 ' By the hollow axle 2
Set in the hollow hole.

The ultrasonic probe 22 is rotated by the rotating ball 23.
A small gap is maintained between the ultrasonic transmission surface 42 and the center hole surface of the hollow axle 2. Piston 24 and cylinder 25
Two O-rings 30 and 31 are provided for sealing between the pistons and between the piston 28 and the cylinder 26, respectively.

The ultrasonic transmitting substance 27 is injected into the cylinder 26 from the injection port 37. The ultrasonic transmitting substance 27 is pushed by the piston 28 and passes through the slit 40 provided on the rotation direction 43 side of the wedge member 41, so that the ultrasonic transmitting surface 42 and the hollow hole surface of the ultrasonic probe 22 become minute. Pressed into the gap. As the ultrasonic transmission material 27, a special high-viscosity material is used.

Next, the operation of the ultrasonic wave flaw detection of the SH wave probe structure 3 will be described. First, the ultrasonic beam 3 transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer 32a incorporated in the ultrasonic probe 22
Reference numeral 3 denotes an ultrasonic transducer 3 which is partially reflected by the ultrasonic transmission surface 42 of the ultrasonic probe 22 and serves as an ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value.
2b, the rest being in the hollow axle 2
6 and proceed.

If there is a fatigue crack on the outer surface of the hollow axle 2,
From there, the reflected ultrasonic wave follows the reverse route and is received as a defect signal value by the ultrasonic transducer 32a, and these two types of signal values are transmitted to the ultrasonic controller 20 through the switch circuit 19 via the signal cable 38. Sent. If there is no fatigue cracking, the ultrasonic beam 36 proceeds as it is and does not return as reflected ultrasonic waves.

Next, in response to a command from the correction arithmetic unit 21, the changeover switch circuit 19 is switched to the ultrasonic vibrator 32b side, and the ultrasonic vibrator 32b is subjected to electric shock to emit ultrasonic waves. The transmitted ultrasonic beam 34 of the ultrasonic wave partially reflects on the ultrasonic transmission surface 42 and is received by the ultrasonic transducer 32a as an ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value, and the remaining ultrasonic beam 35 is provided in the axle. And proceed.

If there is a fatigue crack on the outer surface of the hollow axle 2,
From there, the reflected ultrasonic wave follows the reverse route and is received as a defect signal value by the ultrasonic transducer 32b, and these two kinds of signal values are transmitted to the ultrasonic controller 20 via the switch circuit 19 via the signal cable 38. Sent. If there is no fatigue cracking, the ultrasonic beam 35 proceeds as it is and does not return as reflected ultrasonic waves.

The ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal value received in each of the above processes are transmitted to the ultrasonic controller 20 via the signal cable 18 and the changeover switch circuit 19, and are converted into voltage output signals. You.

The ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal value converted into the voltage output signal are input to the correction operation device 21 together with the generated coordinates, and the correction operation device 21 stores the correlation data file stored in advance. Based on the, the correction calculation of the fluctuation of the ultrasonic transmission efficiency is performed on the defect signal value,
Output to the printer 12. Then, at the printer 12,
The corrected defect signal values are arranged together with their occurrence coordinates,
At the end of the flaw detection, it is output as a flaw detection inspection record.

The ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value is used as a monitor of the ultrasonic transmission efficiency as an ultrasonic probe, that is, as a so-called coupling check.

Here, correction of the ultrasonic transmission efficiency on the ultrasonic transmission surface 42 will be described. FIG. 4 shows a functional configuration of the correction operation device 21 that corrects the ultrasonic transmission efficiency. The correction arithmetic unit 21 includes a recording unit that records the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal value input from the ultrasonic controller 20 together with their signal generation coordinates, and an ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and a defect signal reference in advance. The correlation data file storing the correlation data with the digitized value is compared with the recorded ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the correlation data file, and the defect signal standardization corresponding to the recorded ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value is performed. Extraction means for extracting a value from the correlation data file, correction operation means for performing a correction operation for dividing the recorded defect signal value by the extracted defect signal standardized value, and correcting the corrected defect signal value after the correction operation. And output means for outputting to the printer 12.

Next, a method of obtaining correlation data between the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal standardized value will be described. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a part of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer A is reflected by the ultrasonic transmission surface 42 of the ultrasonic probe 55 and transmitted by the ultrasonic transducer B. The remainder is received as the situation monitor signal value 117, and the remainder enters the test piece 115 through the test piece surface 114 via the couplant 113, is reflected by the model defect 112, and is again returned to the ultrasonic transducer A by the defect signal value 118. Is received as

These ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal values 117
And the defect signal value 118 change depending on the gap between the ultrasonic transmission surface 42 and the test piece surface 114, in other words, the thickness dimension of the couplant 113, and this correlation diagram is shown in FIG. FIG.
21 shows the signal value, and the horizontal axis 120 shows the gap size.

In FIG. 7, the defect signal value 123 in the gap 122 where the defect signal value 118 becomes almost maximum is set as the standardized value 1.0, the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value 117 is plotted on the horizontal axis 124, and the vertical axis 125 8 obtained as a correlation signal standardized value of the defect signal, and this correlation data is stored in the correction arithmetic unit 21 in advance as a correlation data file.

In the actual flaw detection, the correlation data stored in the correlation data file, that is, the correlation data stored in the correlation data file, based on the ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value input simultaneously with the defect signal value input from the ultrasonic controller 20, ie, FIG. From the correlation, a defect signal standardized value corresponding to the input ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value is obtained, and the input defect signal value is divided by the defect signal standardized value to obtain the defect signal standardized value at the probe contact surface. To obtain a corrected defect signal value in which the variation of the transmission efficiency is corrected.

FIGS. 9 and 10 are explanatory diagrams relating to the arrangement of the ultrasonic transducer of FIG. Ultrasonic transducers 32a and 3
2b is arranged on the left and right with respect to the center line 44 as a target, and the angles θA and θB formed by the respective vibrators with the center line are equal. In this case, the ultrasonic vibrator 32a
The ultrasonic beam transmitted from the probe is the ultrasonic transmission surface 4 of the probe.
5 partially reflects, and the others enter into the inspection object as an ultrasonic beam 46.

The ultrasonic beam reflected by the ultrasonic transmission surface 45 of the probe is received by the ultrasonic vibrator 32b, and the reflected wave on the ultrasonic surface follows the same route and is reflected by the ultrasonic vibrator 32a. As it is received, this signal value is repeated with attenuation. If the flaw detection area is near the probe, this causes a reduction in the SN ratio.

Another embodiment of the arrangement for such flaw detection conditions is shown in FIG. 10, and the ultrasonic vibrators 32a and 32b
8 is the same as that shown in FIG. 8, but the angle formed by the center line 44 is slightly smaller than θA by θB, so that the ultrasonic beam transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer 32a transmits the ultrasonic wave of the probe. After being reflected by the surface 45 and received by the ultrasonic transducer 32b, the reflected wave on the surface of the ultrasonic transducer 32b is reflected by the ultrasonic transmission surface 45 of the probe, and then reflected by the ultrasonic transducer 32a. No reception is performed, and the problem of the decrease in the SN ratio described with reference to FIG. 9 is solved.

FIG. 11 shows the overall configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to another embodiment of the present invention. The difference from FIG. 1 is that the fatigue crack generated in the fitting portion of the train stepped axle 47 with the wheel is reduced by the spacer 50 made of the same material as the axle 47 having the same shape and dimensions as the stepped portion 48 of the axle 47. The point is that the detection is performed using the SH wave probe structure 49 configured with the shear wave horizontal wave probe to which the spacer 50 is adhered. Therefore, the difference from the configuration shown in FIG.
An SH wave probe structure 49 with a spacer 50 is arranged in place of the wave probe structure 3, and since there is only one ultrasonic transducer incorporated in the shear wave horizontal wave probe, the changeover switch circuit 1
9 becomes unnecessary.

Next, the operation of the ultrasonic flaw detector of this embodiment will be described. The ultrasonic waves transmitted from the ultrasonic controller 20 are
The ultrasonic beam 52 transmitted from the SH wave probe structure 49 with the spacer 50 is applied to the stepped portion spacer side contact surface 5.
At 1, a part returns as a reflected wave 53 to the probe to obtain an ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value, and the rest proceeds as a surface wave 54 on the axle. If there is fatigue cracking, the defect reflected wave is SH.
Returning to the wave probe structure 49, a defect signal value is obtained.

As described above, the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal value are transmitted to the ultrasonic controller 20 via the signal cable 18 and are converted into voltage output signals. The reflection generation coordinate signal of the ultrasonic signal received by the SH wave probe structure 49 is transmitted to the correction operation device 21 via the coordinate signal cable 18 '.

The ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal value converted into the voltage output signal are input to the correction operation device 21 together with the generated coordinates, and the correction operation device 21 stores the correlation data file stored in advance. Based on the above, a correction calculation of the fluctuation of the transmission efficiency is performed on the defect signal value. Thereafter, the corrected defect signal values are arranged together with the generated coordinates by the printer 12, and are output as flaw detection inspection records at the end of flaw detection.

This embodiment is particularly effective for flaw detection using a transverse horizontal wave whose transmission efficiency is unstable at the ultrasonic transmission boundary surface.

FIG. 12 shows a principle configuration of a variable angle probe structure which is another embodiment of the SH probe structure of FIG. The principle configuration of the variable angle probe structure 64 is as follows: an ultrasonic probe 55 containing a single ultrasonic transducer 56;
5 includes a sliding surface 60 for sliding scanning, and a sliding wedge member 57 having a surface opposite to the sliding surface 60 and in contact with the ultrasonic transmission surface 45 of the inspection object. The ultrasonic probe 55 slides and scans on the sliding surface 60, so that the angle of incidence of the inspection object on the ultrasonic transmitting surface 45 is continuously variable.

A part of the ultrasonic beam 58 transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer 56 is converted into an ultrasonic beam 63 as an object 45 to be inspected.
The sliding wedge member 5 is moved in
The ultrasonic beam 59 is reflected on the surface 7 and is reflected on the sliding surface 60 between the sliding wedge member 57 and the ultrasonic probe 55, and follows the paths of the ultrasonic beams 61 and 62 to form an ultrasonic transducer. At 56, it is received as an ultrasound transmission status monitor signal value.

The ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value indicates the ultrasonic transmission efficiency on the sliding surface 60 between the ultrasonic probe 55 and the sliding wedge member 57 and the ultrasonic wedge member 57 and the object 45 to be inspected. Includes information on ultrasonic transmission efficiency. The ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value is also used as a monitor of the ultrasonic transmission efficiency as a variable angle probe, a so-called coupling check.

FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the variable angle probe structure of FIG. In the variable angle probe structure of FIG. 12, since the arc of the sliding surface 60 is symmetrical with respect to the center line 83, multiple reflections of transmitted ultrasonic waves occur, but the variable angle probe structure of FIG. As described above, by shifting the center point of the left circular arc slightly δ to the right on the ultrasonic transmission surface across the center line, the reflected ultrasonic wave beam 111 changes its reflection angle on the sliding surface 60 as shown in the figure. In addition, a decrease in the SN ratio due to multiple reflection can be suppressed.

FIGS. 14 and 15 show a variable angle probe structure having a configuration in which the principle configuration of FIGS. 12 and 13 is actually used. The ultrasonic probe 55 and the wedge member 57, which are the main members of the variable angle probe structure 64, are each composed of two rollers 66 and the wedge member 57 fixed to the ultrasonic probe 55. The roller sliding surface 65 is assembled so as to be slidable and rotatable on the sliding surface 60.

A bevel gear 6 mounted on a shaft of a motor 71 fixed to a side surface of the ultrasonic probe 55 by a driving portion support member 72
A spur gear 68 connected to the power transmission shafts 9 and 70;
7 are engaged with each other.

When the motor 71 is driven, the spur gear 68 rotates on the partial gear 67 via the bevel gear transmission mechanism, and the ultrasonic probe 55 slides on the sliding surface 60 of the wedge member 57.
The ultrasonic incident angle with respect to the inspection object 45 is adjusted.

FIG. 16 shows another embodiment of the present invention.
1 shows an overall configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detector using the variable angle probe structure of FIG. The difference from FIG. 1 is that a variable angle probe structure is used instead of a fixed probe structure such as an SH probe structure, and that a variable angle probe pressed against an axle end face 74 is used. The point is that the controller 79 adjusts the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic beam on the touch structure 64. Since only one ultrasonic transducer is incorporated in the variable angle probe structure 64, the changeover switch circuit 19 becomes unnecessary.

The incident angle of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic controller 20 and transmitted from the variable angle probe structure 64 is determined by the train wheel 1
The variable angle probe structure 64 is controlled by the controller 79 so that the ultrasonic beam 75
Then, the incident angle is gradually reduced, and when the ultrasonic beam 77 reaches the left end 78, the flaw detection at that position is terminated. At this time, if there is a fatigue crack between the right end 76 and the left end 78 of the fitting portion, the reflected ultrasonic waves follow the reverse route from there, and the ultrasonic detection of the variable angle probe structure 64 is performed as a reflected defect signal value. It is received by the touch element 55.

When the ultrasonic probe 55 captures a defect signal value by a series of sliding scans, the sliding between the sliding wedge member 57 and the ultrasonic probe 55 shown in FIG. The ultrasonic wave reflected by the moving surface 60 is also received by the ultrasonic probe 55 at the same time as an ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value.

The received ultrasonic wave transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal value are converted into the same values as in the processing described in the embodiment of FIG.
It is processed by the ultrasonic controller 20, the correction operation device 21, and the printer 12, and outputs the result of the correction for the defect signal of the variation of the ultrasonic transmission efficiency at the contact surface and the coupling check.

Next, the variable angle probe structure 64 is set at a position shifted by 10 degrees in the circumferential direction on the end face of the solid axle 73, and the same data acquisition and analysis calculation as described above are performed. The inspection is performed at a pitch of 10 degrees up to 360 degrees, and the flaw detection result and the coupling check result are output by the printer 12 in a specified format.

FIG. 17 shows the principle structure of an electronic switching type variable angle probe structure which is another embodiment of the variable angle probe structure of FIG. 12, and FIG. Is shown. The principle structure of the electronic switching type variable angle probe structure 84 is that the bonding wedge member 92 and a plurality of ultrasonic transducers bonded to the arc-shaped bonding surface of the bonding wedge member 92, for example, the ultrasonic transducer 85a, 85b.

Each of the transmitted ultrasonic beams 86 and 88 transmitted from the ultrasonic transducers 85a and 85b bonded to the bonding wedge member 92 at different incident angles partially transmits the ultrasonic waves to the inspection object. The reflected ultrasonic beams are reflected at 95 and become reflected ultrasonic beams 87 and 89, respectively. The reflected ultrasonic beams are reflected by an extended surface 93 having the same curvature as the bonding surface of the ultrasonic transducer, follow the same route, return to each ultrasonic transducer, and transmit ultrasonic waves. Received as monitor signal value.

The remaining ultrasonic waves transmitted from the ultrasonic transducers 85a and 85b become ultrasonic beams 90 and 91, respectively, and travel to the axle as the inspection object.

FIG. 19 shows another embodiment of the electronic switching type variable angle probe structure of FIG. In the electronic switching type variable angle probe structure shown in FIG. 17, multiple reflections of transmitted ultrasonic waves occur because the arc of the transducer bonding surface is symmetrical with respect to the center line 110, but the electronic switching type variable angle probe shown in FIG. As in the case of the stylus structure, the center point of the upper arc is shifted slightly δ downward on the ultrasonic transmission surface 95 with the center line interposed therebetween, so that the reflected ultrasonic beam 111 is located on the ultrasonic transducer bonding surface. The reflection angle at the extension surface 93 changes, and a decrease in the SN ratio due to multiple reflection can be suppressed.

FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of the present invention.
1 shows an overall configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detector using the electronic switching type variable angle probe structure.

16 differs from FIG. 16 in that an electronic switching type variable angle probe structure 84 to which a plurality of ultrasonic transducers are bonded is used as the variable angle probe structure. Instead, a switching circuit 94 for switching the plurality of ultrasonic transducer groups 85 is provided.

Next, the operation of the ultrasonic flaw detector of this embodiment will be described. An electronic switching type probe structure 84 is crimped to the axle end face 74 via an ultrasonic transmission medium, and the ultrasonic transducer group 85 in FIG. 18 is switched by a switching circuit 94 to change the flaw detection angle from θ1 to θ2, Flaw detection is performed from the right end 76 to the left end 78 of the fitting portion between the wheel 1 and the solid axle 73. At this time, if there is a fatigue crack between the right end 76 and the left end 78 of the fitting portion, the reflected ultrasonic wave follows the reverse route from there, and as the reflection defect signal value, the electronic switching type variable angle probe structure 84 The ultrasonic waves are received by the ultrasonic transducer group 85.

When the defect signal value is fetched by switching the ultrasonic transducer group 85, an extension surface 93 having the same curvature as the bonding surface of the ultrasonic transducer of the adhesive wedge member 92 shown in FIG. The ultrasonic waves reflected by the ultrasonic transducers 85 are simultaneously received by the ultrasonic transducer group 85 as ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal values.

This series of flaw detection scans is sequentially performed while rotating the electronic switching type variable angle probe structure 84 at a predetermined rotation angle pitch, and is completed at 360 degrees.

The ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal value received during the flaw detection are transmitted to the ultrasonic controller 20, the correction arithmetic unit 21, and the printer 12 in the same manner as in the processing described in the embodiment of FIG. It is processed, and the correction of the variation of the ultrasonic transmission efficiency at the contact surface for the defect signal and the result of the coupling check are output.

The ultrasonic transducer group 85 shown in FIG. 18 is arranged at the set angles so that the ultrasonic beams sufficiently overlap the flaw detection refraction angles θ1 to θ2.
Glued.

[0066]

According to the present invention, it is possible to quantitatively correct the variation in the transmission efficiency of the defect signal on the contact surface of the ultrasonic probe with the object to be inspected, and to perform the correction from the ultrasonic probe. Since the state of transmission of ultrasonic waves to the inspection object can be monitored, ultrasonic inspection of the inspection object can be accurately performed without being affected by the shape of the inspection object, and reliability of the ultrasonic inspection can be improved. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the SH wave probe structure of FIG. 1 and is a view as seen from an arrow A of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the SH wave probe structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a functional configuration block diagram of the correction operation device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram for obtaining a defect signal value using a test piece.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an ultrasonic signal on a screen.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a correlation between a signal value and a gap size.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a correlation between a defect signal standardized value and an ultrasonic wave transmission status monitor signal value.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram relating to an arrangement configuration of the ultrasonic transducer of FIG. 3;

10 is a diagram showing an example in which the angle between the ultrasonic transducers 32a and 32b in FIG. 8 is slightly changed.

FIG. 11 is an overall configuration diagram of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to another embodiment of the present invention.

12 is a principle configuration diagram of a variable angle probe structure which is another embodiment of the SH probe structure of FIG. 1;

13 is another principle configuration diagram of the variable angle probe structure of FIG.

FIG. 14 is a front view of a use structure of a variable angle probe structure.

15 is a side view of a use structure of the variable angle probe structure of FIG.

16 is an overall configuration diagram of an ultrasonic flaw detector using the variable angle probe structure of FIG. 14 according to another embodiment of the present invention.

17 is a principle structural diagram of an electronic switching type variable angle probe structure which is another embodiment of the variable angle probe structure of FIG.

18 is a view as viewed in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a view of another embodiment of the electronic switching type variable angle probe structure of FIG. 17;

20 is an overall configuration diagram of an ultrasonic flaw detector using the electronic switching type variable angle probe structure of FIG. 17 in another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wheel, 2 ... Hollow axle, 3 ... SH wave probe structure, 1
2 printer, 13 rotary scan drive, 18 signal cable, 18 'coordinate signal cable, 19 changeover switch circuit, 20 ultrasonic controller, 21 correction arithmetic unit,
211: recording means, 212: correlation data file, 21
3 Extraction means, 214 Correction calculation means, 215 Output means, 22 Ultrasonic probe, 27 Ultrasonic transmitter, 32
a, 32b: ultrasonic transducer, 41: wedge material, 42: ultrasonic transmission surface, 45: ultrasonic transmission surface, 49: SH wave probe structure, 55: ultrasonic probe, 56: ultrasonic wave Vibrator, 57 ...
Sliding wedge member, 60: sliding surface, 64: variable angle probe structure,
79: controller, 84: electronic switching type probe structure, 85: ultrasonic transducer group, 92: adhesive wedge material, 93: extension surface, 94: switching circuit, δ: arc center displacement distance

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An ultrasonic flaw detector which receives ultrasonic waves reflected by a test object and performs flaw detection such as fatigue cracking of the test object, wherein the ultrasonic wave reflected by a contact surface with the test object is detected. An ultrasonic probe that receives as an ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value, and receives, as a defect signal value, the ultrasonic wave reflected at the defect portion of the inspection object, and the received ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value Extracting means for extracting a defect signal standardized value corresponding to a correlation data file in which correlation data between the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal standardized value are stored in advance, and the extracted defect signal standardized value. A correction operation device including a correction operation means for performing a correction operation of the received defect signal value. 2. The correction arithmetic device according to claim 1, wherein
The ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal value,
An ultrasonic flaw detector, comprising recording means for recording the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the signal generation coordinates of the defect signal value. 3. The ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value is used to monitor an ultrasonic transmission status on a contact surface between the ultrasonic probe and the inspection object. Ultrasonic flaw detector. 4. The ultrasonic probe according to claim 1, wherein said ultrasonic probe is disposed at a predetermined angle with respect to said object to be inspected and transmits ultrasonic waves to said object to be inspected. An ultrasonic flaw detector comprising: a probe; and a receiving-side ultrasonic transducer arranged at an angle different from the predetermined angle to receive the reflected ultrasonic waves. 5. A sliding member which is crimped to an object to be inspected and has an arcuate sliding surface, and is slidably disposed on the sliding surface, and receives the ultrasonic wave reflected by the object to be inspected. An ultrasonic flaw detector having an ultrasonic probe and a correction operation device that corrects and calculates the received ultrasonic wave, wherein the ultrasonic probe slides through a pressure-bonded surface with the inspection object. The ultrasonic wave reflected on the surface is received as an ultrasonic wave transmission status monitor signal value, and the ultrasonic wave reflected on a defect portion of the inspection object is received as a defect signal value, and the correction operation device receives the ultrasonic wave. Extracting means for extracting a defect signal standardized value corresponding to the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value from a correlation data file in which correlation data between the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal standardized value is stored in advance; The defect signal normalized value An ultrasonic flaw detector comprising a correction operation unit for performing a correction operation of a received defect signal value. 6. The sliding member according to claim 5, wherein the sliding member is a sliding wedge member, and the sliding wedge member is formed by a center of an arc of the super sliding surface and an arc of an extending surface of the sliding surface. An ultrasonic flaw detector characterized by being configured to be different from the center of the ultrasonic flaw detection device. 7. An adhesive member crimped on an object to be inspected and having an arc-shaped adhesive surface, an ultrasonic transducer adhered to the adhesive surface and receiving the ultrasonic wave reflected by the object to be inspected, and the receiving device An ultrasonic flaw detector having a correction operation device that corrects and calculates the ultrasonic waves, wherein the ultrasonic vibrator transmits the ultrasonic waves reflected on the bonding surface through a pressure-bonded surface with the inspection object. Received as a situation monitor signal value, and received as a defect signal value the ultrasonic wave reflected at the defect portion of the inspection object, the correction arithmetic device corresponds to the received ultrasonic transmission state monitor signal value Extraction means for extracting a defect signal standardized value from a correlation data file in which correlation data between the ultrasonic transmission status monitor signal value and the defect signal standardized value are stored in advance and the received defect signal standardized value is received by the extraction means. defect An ultrasonic flaw detector comprising a correction operation means for performing a correction operation of a signal value. 8. The bonding member according to claim 7, wherein the bonding member is a bonding wedge member, and the bonding wedge member has a center of an arc of the bonding surface different from a center of an arc of an extension surface of the bonding surface. An ultrasonic flaw detector characterized by being configured as described above.