JPH11156332A - Garbage fermentation treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: In a refuse fermentation treatment apparatus, fermentable refuse and non-fermentable refuse such as packaged food, tray, vinyl, cellophane, disposable chopsticks, etc. are mixed and fermented, After the treatment, it can be automatically separated into a mature powder and a non-fermented product. SOLUTION: The fermenter 2 and a mature tank 4 downstream of the fermenter 2 are provided.
A first heater 5 attached to the outer surface of the tank wall of the fermenter 2,
A second heater attached to the outer surface of the tank wall of the ripe tub 4, a first rotary blade 9 for stirring and crushing the fermentable refuse and the non-fermentable refuse in the fermentation tub 2, and the fermentable refuse in the ripe tub 4 And a second rotating blade 10 for stirring the non-fermentable refuse, and a sieving machine 13 for separating the fermented product into a mature powder 11 and a non-fermented product 12.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a refuse fermentation treatment apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, animal waste discharged from livestock facilities, fish waste discharged from fish markets and fish stores, vegetable waste discharged from markets and restaurants, garbage discharged from households, hotels, supermarkets, and others. As a device for fermenting garbage in a short period of time, blow air into the fermenter with a blower, hot air heater, etc., control the temperature by changing the amount of hot air, and heat the garbage immediately after throwing in the fermentation. What causes them to be known. Further, there has been known a device further provided with a device for preheating the supply gas by exchanging heat with the exhaust gas heated by fermentation heat.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional garbage fermentation treatment apparatus, cellophane, vinyl, trays, etc., or food packaged therewith, and further, bottled beverage stoppers, etc. are separated. It was inconvenient because it could not be treated and only the fermentable waste had to be thrown into the fermenter after removing the non-fermentable waste by hand. In the case of sending hot air directly into the fermenter,
The amount of air required for heating microorganisms and the amount of air for heating that is 10 times or more the amount of air required for evaporating moisture are required, and there is a problem that the scale of the deodorizing equipment for exhaust gas becomes large. Furthermore, in order to enhance the heat conduction effect, a hot air outlet was provided below the fermenter, but the outlet was clogged by changing the amount of hot air for temperature control, resulting in a long-term discharge. Stable operation was not possible.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a hermetically sealed fermenter having an openable / closable inlet into which fermentable refuse and non-fermentable refuse are charged; A hermetically-sealed ripe tank provided downstream and having a waste discharge port, a first heater attached to an outer surface of a tank wall of the fermenter and heating the inside of the fermenter via the tank wall; A second heater attached to the outer surface of the tank wall of the ripe tank and heating the inside of the ripe tank via the tank wall; and a first rotation for crushing and stirring the fermentable and non-fermentable waste in the fermentation tank. A blade, and a second rotating blade that stirs the fermentable refuse and the non-fermentable refuse in the mature tank.

A sieving machine for separating the fermented product discharged from the ripening tank into a ripened powder and a non-fermented material is provided, and the sieving machine is provided with a bagging machine for bagging the ripened powder to a predetermined weight. Link.

[0006] Further, a fermentation tank and a ripe tank are provided adjacent to each other, and a partition wall having an overflow port is provided between the fermentation tank and the ripe tank. Further, the volume of the fermenter is set larger than the volume of the mature tank, and the heat value of the first heater is set larger than the heat value of the second heater.

A plurality of first rotating blades are formed on the fermenter tank side of a shaft portion which is provided in a penetrating manner in the fermenter tank and the ripe tank and is connected to a common drive source and driven to rotate about a horizontal axis. Further, a plurality of second rotating blades are formed on the side of the mature portion of the shaft portion. The fermenter includes temperature control means for maintaining the inside of the fermenter at an optimum fermentation temperature, and a heat insulating material surrounding the first heater and the second heater respectively provided on the outer surfaces of the tank walls of the fermenter and the ripe tank.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1, 2 and 3 show an embodiment of a waste fermentation treatment apparatus according to the present invention, which has a closed and openable inlet 1 into which fermentable waste and non-fermentable waste are introduced. Fermentation tank 2, a hermetically sealed ripe tank 4 which is disposed downstream of the fermentation tank 2 and has a refuse discharge port 3 with an automatic opening / closing lid, and which is attached to the outer surface of the tank wall of the fermentation tank 2. A first heater 5 for heating the inside of the fermenter 2 via the tank wall
And a second heater 6 attached to the outer surface of the tank wall of the ripe tank 4 and heating the inside of the ripe tank 4 through the tank wall, and crushing the fermentable waste 7 and the non-fermentable waste 8 in the fermentation tank 2. The first to stir while stirring
The rotating blades 9, the second rotating blades 10 for stirring the fermentable refuse 7 and the non-fermentable refuse 8 in the ripening tank 4, and the fermented product discharged from the ripening tank 4 into the ripe powder 11 And a sieving machine 13 that separates the sifter 12 from the sifter 12.

The fermentation tank 2 and the ripe tank 4 are formed by a curved wall portion 14 having a U-shaped cross section, and vertical wall portions 15 and 15 disposed on both left and right ends of the curved wall portion 14, and a vertical wall portion formed by the curved wall portion 14. An outer tank wall 17 having an upper opening shape and comprising an outer flange portion 16 formed at the upper edge of the wall portions 15 and 15
Is divided into two sections by a partition wall 18 having overflow ports 20, 20 at the upper part, and the upper opening of the outer tank wall 17 is covered with an upper lid 19.

That is, the fermenter 2 and the ripe tank 4 are provided adjacent to each other, and an overflow port is provided between the fermenter 2 and the ripe tank 4.
A partition wall 18 having notches 20 and 20 is provided. Further, the volume of the fermenter 2 is set to be larger than the volume of the mature tank 4. For example, the volume of the fermenter 2 is set to 4 times the volume of the
Set to about 6 times. In the outer tank wall 17, the fermenter 2
An intake port 21 is provided above the portion that forms In the vicinity of the intake port 21, an intake hot air heater 49 is provided. further,
An exhaust port 47 is provided in the outer layer wall 17.

[0011] The refuse fermentation treatment apparatus comprises a fermenter 2
First heaters 5 attached to the outer surface of the tank wall of the ripe tank 4
It has a heat insulating material 23 surrounding the second heater 6 from the outside. In the illustrated example, the first heater 5 and the second heater
It surrounds both heaters 6, but the first heater 5 and the second
The heater 6 may be surrounded by a separate heat insulating material 23. Also,
A sensor 48 for detecting opening / closing is provided in the vicinity of the inlet 1, and the sensor 48 is provided with a motor for stirring, a blower for ventilation, when there is no opening / closing of the inlet 1 for a predetermined time (for example, 48 hours).
Also, the power of the first heater 5 and the second heater 6 is automatically turned on.
The FF is electrically connected to timer means. In addition,
Even after the power is automatically turned off, the opening and closing of the inlet 1 resets the timer means and starts the normal operation.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a temperature control means 24 for maintaining the inside of the fermenter 2 at an optimum fermentation temperature is provided. The temperature control means 24 includes a first temperature detector 27 and a second temperature detector 28.
, A first temperature setter 29, a second temperature setter 30, and a heater operation controller 31. The first temperature detector 27 is the fermenter 2
The temperature of the refuse 26 (fermentable refuse 7) is detected, and a temperature signal is sent to the first temperature setting device 29. In addition, the second temperature detector 28
Is attached to the inner surface (or outer surface) of the tank wall heated by the first heater 5, detects the temperature of the inner surface of the tank wall, and sends a temperature signal to the second temperature setting device 30. 1st temperature setter 29 and 2nd
The temperature setter 30 has an upper limit temperature set value and a lower limit temperature set value, respectively, and controls a heater operation controller 31 for operating and stopping the first heater 5.

The control method is as follows: until the temperature of the tank wall (steel shell) reaches the upper limit temperature set value of the first temperature setter 29, the first heater 5
The operation is stopped when the inner wall surface temperature of the bath wall reaches the upper limit temperature set value of the second temperature setter 30, and the operation is resumed when the temperature falls to the lower limit temperature set value of the second temperature setter 30. Then, when the bath wall temperature rises above the upper limit temperature set value of the first temperature setter 29, the second temperature setter 30 is operated until the bath wall temperature reaches the lower limit temperature set value of the first temperature setter 29. The operation of the first heater 5 is stopped irrespective of the signal, and when the temperature drops to the lower limit temperature set value, the operation is restarted.

Here, the upper and lower limit temperature set values of the temperature setting devices 29 and 30 are set to values at which the processed material is maintained at the optimum fermentation temperature. For example, the temperature of the processed material, that is, the upper limit set value of the first temperature setting device 29 is 90 ° C. or less that does not kill bacteria, the lower limit set value is 40 ° C. or more where fermentation bacteria are most active, and the inner surface temperature of the tank wall. That is, it is desirable that the upper limit set value of the second temperature setter 30 be 100 ° C. or less and the lower limit set value be 40 ° C. or more.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a temperature control means 25 for controlling the temperature in the ripe bath 4 is provided. The temperature control means 25 has the same structure as the temperature control means 24 of the fermenter 2, and includes a first temperature detector 32, a second temperature detector 33, a first temperature setter 34 and a second temperature setter 35. And the heater operation controller 36
And. The second heater 6 is connected to the first heater 5
The same control as described above is performed. Further, the heat value of the first heater 5 is set to be larger than the heat value of the second heater 6. Specifically, it is preferable to set the heat generation amount of the first heater 5 to 2 to 5 times larger than the heat generation amount of the second heater 6. For example,
Nine 1.3 kW heaters are used as the first heater 5, and nine 0.3 kW heaters are used as the second heater 6. Note that the temperature control means 25 shown in FIG. 3 is omitted, and the operation of the first heater 5 and the second heater 6 is controlled only by the temperature control means 24 shown in FIG. The temperature control and the temperature control in the ripe bath 4 may be performed. It is to be noted that a uniform heating method may be used depending on the use of a planar heater, a sheath heater or hot water or steam.

Next, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the first rotating blades 9 are provided in the fermentation tank 2 and the ripe tank 4 in a penetrating manner and are connected to a common driving source so as to be horizontal axis center. A plurality of shafts 37 that are driven to rotate around 50 are formed on the fermenter 2 side, and a plurality of second rotary blades 10 are formed on the shaft 37 on the side of the mature tank 4.

A sprocket (not shown) is fixed to one end of the shaft 37, and a chain is suspended between the sprocket and a small-diameter sprocket fixed to an output shaft of a motor as a common drive source. Can be driven to rotate.

The first rotating blade 9 and the second rotating blade 10 are used for packaging food such as vegetables, ham, cheese, sausage, or non-fermentable garbage 8 composed of cellophane, vinyl, tray, split chopsticks, beer stopper, etc. It is formed into a shape (for example, a strip or a bar) that can break up the lump of the fermentable garbage 7 made of garbage such as vegetables, meats and processed foods. In addition, a plurality of thin rod-shaped stirring paddles are formed on the shaft portion 37,
The first rotating blade 9 and the second rotating blade 10 may be configured by attaching a ribbon-shaped stirring blade to the tip of the stirring paddle in a bridging manner.

As shown in FIG. 1, a discharge chute 39 is provided outside the waste discharge port 3 of the ripe tub 4, and an upper opening sieving machine 13 is provided below the opening of the tip of the discharge chute 39.
Is arranged. To the sieving machine 13, a bagging machine 40 for weighing the mature powder 11 and bagging it to a predetermined weight is connected. Bagging machine 40
Is provided with a bag filling section 42 provided below the sieving machine 13 and for accommodating a ripe powder storage bag 41 such as a plastic bag, and a measuring device 43 provided below the bag filling section 42. Also sieving machine
A non-fermentable refuse storage box 44 is arranged near 13.

Further, as shown in the block diagram of FIG. 4, the refuse fermentation treatment apparatus includes an automatic input means 45 for automatically inputting refuse to the fermenter 2.

Next, the operation of the refuse fermentation treatment apparatus will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, garbage in which fermentable garbage 7 and non-fermentable garbage 8 are mixed is fed into the fermenter 2 by the automatic charging means 45 shown in FIG. At this time, microorganisms involved in fermentation / ripening are mixed. Examples of such microorganisms include sugar-degrading bacteria, protein-degrading bacteria, cellulose-degrading bacteria, and lignin-degrading bacteria. It is also preferable that all combinations of inorganic basic substances, natural organic substances, and drugs are used as fermentable materials and mixed with garbage. Further, it is desirable to mix microorganisms having a deodorizing effect.

Then, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the first rotating blade 9 in the fermenter 2 is rotated to agitate while crushing refuse. That is, the first rotating blades 9 pack the packaged foods such as vegetables, ham, cheese, sausage, etc., the non-fermentable refuse 8 such as cellophane, vinyl, tray, chopsticks, and beer stoppers, and the fermentable refuse 7. Stir while crushing. At this time, the first rotating blade 9 repeats the forward rotation for 3 to 30 minutes and the simultaneous reverse rotation while taking a stop time of several seconds to several tens seconds when changing the rotation direction. In addition, the fermenter 2 is maintained at the optimum fermentation temperature by the first heater 5 and the temperature control means 24 at the same time as the refuse is supplied, and the fermentation of the fermentable refuse 7 is promoted. Specifically, according to the type of fermentable garbage 7, the inner wall temperature of the tank is 40 ° C.
It is maintained at a value of 100 ° C or higher.

The fermentation product (garbage) overflowing from the fermentation tank 2 is filled with an overflow port 20 as shown in FIGS.
And enters the maturation tank 4. The treated product is agitated by the second rotating blades 10 in the maturation tank 4 and matures while being maintained at the optimum fermentation temperature by the second heater 6 and the temperature control means 25. Then, the processed waste is discharged from the mature tank 4 to the waste outlet 3
Through the discharge chute 39 and into the sieving machine 13. The discharge port 3 is kept open for 2 to 4 hours from the input of the processed material. During this time, the processed material flows out of the mature tank 4 to the sieving machine 13 due to overflow. Fermented products are sieving machines
At 13, the mature powder 11 is separated into the non-fermented product 12 and the mature powder 11 is stored in the mature powder storage bag 41 of the bagging machine 40, and the non-fermented product 12 is stored in the non-fermentable garbage storage box 44. Is stored in.

The sieving machine 13 operates while the discharge port 3 is open, and stops when the discharge port 3 is closed. Thereafter, when the bag 41 reaches a predetermined weight (for example, 25 kg to 30 kg), the weighing device 43 activates a warning sound or a warning light and automatically closes the dust discharge port 3. Then, the worker enters the bag 41
Take out. After that, set the empty bag 41 in the bagging machine 40,
Thereafter, the outlet 3 is opened. In this way, the removal of the processed material is completed when either the time of 2 to 4 hours elapses or the discharge of the processed material stops.

It is preferable that the crushing, stirring, and keeping of the temperature of the treated material are performed in the fermenter 2 and the ripe tank 4 for about 24 to 48 hours, respectively. The stop time in changing the rotation direction of the first rotating blade 9 and the second rotating blade 10 is adjusted within a range of about 30 minutes to 3 hours depending on the type of the fermentable waste 7.

Further, by switching to the continuous stirring mode, the stirring can be continuously performed for a long time (48 hours or more). At this time, the hot air heater 49 for intake near the intake port 21 is operated.
As a result, even when the processing amount is large, such as during a weekend, the processing capacity can be almost doubled. In addition, dew condensation can be prevented during the winter fermentation treatment in a cold region, and a fermentation accelerating effect (an effect of preventing a prolonged fermentation) can be obtained.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the refuse fermentation treatment apparatus according to the present invention, in which a deodorizing means 22 communicatively connected to the fermenter 2 and a mature powder are stored. A bag sealer 46 for sealing the bag is provided. Other configurations are the same as those described in FIGS. 1 to 5. The deodorizing means 22 is
It has a deodorizing section and an exhaust fan, and by driving the exhaust fan, outside air enters the fermentation tank 2 and the mature tank 4 from the intake port, and gas containing evaporated moisture and odor passes through the exhaust port and passes through the deodorizing means 22. , Almost deodorized gas goes to the atmosphere. The bag sealer 46 is composed of, for example, a vinyl crimping machine or a sewing machine. That is, a vinyl bag or a paper bag is used as the fully matured body storage bag, and after the fully matured body is stored, the opening is pressed or machined and sealed.

As shown in FIG. 7, the cross-sectional shape of the rotary blade 70 (the first rotary blade 9 and the second rotary blade 10) is changed to a shape having sharp corners 71, 71 (in the illustrated example, a cross-sectional shape). (Rhombus). In other words, the fermentable refuse 7 and the non-fermentable refuse 8 for packaging the fermentable refuse 7 are simultaneously charged, and the crushed and fermented refuse 8 is rotated by a rotating blade 70 having sharp corners 71, 71. And a fermentation tank 4 provided with a fermentation tank. Thereby, even if the packaged food packaged with a resin sheet, paper, or the like is input as it is, it can be reliably crushed, and the content organic matter (fermentable waste 7) can be fully matured.

The present invention can be modified in design other than the above-mentioned embodiment. For example, when the pH of the garbage (fermentable garbage 7) is out of the proper range for fermentation, the pH adjustment is performed by adding a pH adjusting agent. An agent dispenser may be provided.
Further, the automatic input means 45 may be omitted, and the refuse may be input manually. In some cases, the deodorizing means 22, the measuring device 43, the bag sealer 46, and the sieving machine 13 may be omitted.

[0030]

The present invention has the following remarkable effects by the above-mentioned structure.

According to the first aspect, the structure of the entire apparatus can be simplified and the scale can be relatively small. In addition, it can be used stably for a long time, and maintenance is easy. Furthermore, fermentable garbage 7 consisting of vegetables, meat, processed food, etc., packaged food, cellophane, vinyl, tray,
Garbage in which non-fermentable garbage 8 such as chopsticks and beer stoppers are mixed can be introduced as it is. In addition, the waste 7 can be fermented efficiently in a short time. That is, the introduced refuse can be taken out as compost or feed (ripe powder 11) within a short period of 24 to 48 hours after the introduction.

(According to claim 2), the input waste is
The fermented ripe powder 11 and the non-fermented material 12 can be automatically separated into two types. Therefore, subsequent processing becomes easy. (According to claim 3) Since the fermentation proceeds sequentially from the fermenter 2 to the fully matured tank 4, refuse can be continuously supplied.

The emphasis is on fermentation (according to claim 4), the balance as a continuous stream is good, and the waste can be efficiently treated as a whole. (According to claim 5), it is possible to always maintain the optimum temperature for fermentation, and the efficiency of waste treatment is further improved. (According to claim 6) Energy consumption for heating can be saved. (According to claim 7) Garbage in which fermentable garbage 7 and non-fermentable garbage 8 are mixed can be directly introduced and pulverized. In addition, only one drive source is required, and the entire system can be simplified.

(According to claim 8), the processed product (the mature powder 11) can be automatically bagged. In addition, since the weight is constant, subsequent processing and handling are easy. (According to claim 9) Even if a packaged food packaged with a resin sheet, paper, or the like is supplied as it is, it can be reliably crushed, and the content organic matter (fermentable waste 7) can be fully matured.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fermenter.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a ripe bath.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the entire apparatus.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a processing method.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration according to another embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of a rotary blade.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input port 2 Fermenter 3 Garbage discharge 4 Ripe tank 5 First heater 6 Second heater 7 Fermentable waste 8 Non-fermentable waste 9 First rotating blade 10 Second rotating blade 11 Ripe powder 12 Non-fermented material 13 Sieve Machine 18 Partition wall 20 Overflow port 23 Insulation material 24 Temperature control means 37 Shaft 40 Bagging machine 50 Horizontal axis 70 Rotating blade 71 Corner

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A closed fermenter 2 having an openable / closable inlet 1 into which fermentable refuse 7 and non-fermentable refuse 8 are charged;
A hermetically sealed ripe tank 4 which is disposed downstream of the fermenter 2 and has a refuse discharge port 3, and which is attached to the outer surface of the tank wall of the fermenter 2 and passes through the fermenter 2 through the tank wall. A first heater 5 for heating, a second heater 6 attached to the outer surface of the tank wall of the mature tank 4 for heating the inside of the mature tank 4 through the tank wall, and fermentable waste in the fermenter tank 2 7 and a first rotating blade 9 for crushing and stirring the non-fermentable refuse 8, and a second rotating blade 10 for stirring the fermentable refuse 7 and the non-fermentable refuse 8 in the maturation tank 4. A garbage fermentation treatment apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. The garbage fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a sieving machine for separating the fermented product discharged from the ripening tank into a ripened powder and a non-fermented product. 3. A fermenter 2 and a ripe tank 4 are provided adjacent to each other, and an overflow port 20 is provided between the fermenter 2 and the ripe tank 4.
The refuse fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a partition wall (18) having: 4. The capacity of the fermenter tank 2 is set to be larger than the capacity of the ripe tank 4 and the calorific value of the first heater 5 is set to be larger than the calorific value of the second heater 6. Garbage fermentation treatment equipment. 5. The garbage fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising temperature control means for maintaining the inside of the fermenter 2 at an optimum fermentation temperature. 6. The refuse fermentation according to claim 1, further comprising a heat insulating material surrounding the first heater and the second heater from the outside, which are respectively provided on the outer surfaces of the tank walls of the fermentation tank and the ripe tank. Processing equipment. 7. The first rotating blade 9 comprises a fermentation tank 2 and a ripe tank 4
The shaft 37 which is provided in a penetrating shape and is connected to a common driving source and is rotated around the horizontal axis 50 is provided on the fermenter 2 side.
2. The refuse fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the plurality of second rotating blades are formed on the side of the mature tank 4 of the shaft portion 37. 3. 8. A sieving machine 13 for separating the treated product discharged from the ripening tank 4 into a ripened powder 11 and a non-fermented product 12, and the sifter 13 weighs the ripened powder 11 2. The garbage fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a bag filling machine 40 for packing bags to a predetermined weight is connected. 9. A fermentable refuse 7 and a non-fermentable refuse 8 for packaging the fermentable refuse 7 are simultaneously supplied, and the crushed and fermented refuse 8 has sharp corner portions 71, 71 for crushing and fermenting. A refuse fermentation treatment apparatus comprising: a fermentation tank 2 having a rotary blade 70;